The legacy of United States cluster munition use in Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War is residual bomblets that unexpectedly detonate years later, killing and injuring children, farmers, and other civi...The legacy of United States cluster munition use in Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War is residual bomblets that unexpectedly detonate years later, killing and injuring children, farmers, and other civilians. Cluster munitions release dozens of smaller bomblets that rain deadly ammunition on troops, armored tanks, and vegetation, effectively striking broad sections of war zone landscapes in one launch. While many bomblets detonate immediately, others fail to detonate and can lie dormant on the ground for years. The primary objectives of this study were to document the long-term consequences and impacts of the US Air Force bombing of Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War (1959 to 1973). The historical lessons learned by United States should be shared with Russia and Ukraine governments and military. These countries need to discontinue the use of cluster bombs to prevent additional people living along the Russia-Ukraine border from having to live and die with the consequences of unexploded ordnance, including cluster bombs, for the next century.展开更多
Background: Puffy hand syndrome (PHS) is a rare complication primarily associated with intravenous drug use (IVDU), characterized by chronic swelling and fibrosis of the hands due to lymphatic damage. Concurrent pulmo...Background: Puffy hand syndrome (PHS) is a rare complication primarily associated with intravenous drug use (IVDU), characterized by chronic swelling and fibrosis of the hands due to lymphatic damage. Concurrent pulmonary complications, such as pneumonia and pneumothorax, significantly contribute to increased morbidity in this population. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 28-year-old female who injects drugs, and presents with fever, bilateral hand edema, and respiratory symptoms. Clinical evaluation revealed erythema and edema of both hands, elevated inflammatory markers, and a left lower lobe infiltration that progressed to pneumothorax. A diagnosis of PHS and left lower lobe pneumonia complicated by pneumothorax was established. Management and Outcomes: The patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, including ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, dexamethasone, and oxygen supplementation, as well as antipyretics. She demonstrated partial clinical improvement and was referred to another hospital’s thoracic surgery department for specialized care. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of early recognition and multidisciplinary management of rare but serious complications in IVDU patients. Further research is necessary to elucidate the interplay between lymphatic dysfunction and pulmonary pathophysiology in this demographic.展开更多
土地利用现状、演化规律和未来变化情况对于国土空间开发和城市高质量可持续发展至关重要。借助土地利用转移矩阵和动态度等方法探究清镇市2000—2020年土地利用的空间分布格局和演化规律。在此基础上,通过引入随机森林的斑块生成土地...土地利用现状、演化规律和未来变化情况对于国土空间开发和城市高质量可持续发展至关重要。借助土地利用转移矩阵和动态度等方法探究清镇市2000—2020年土地利用的空间分布格局和演化规律。在此基础上,通过引入随机森林的斑块生成土地利用变化模拟模型(patch-generating land use simulation model,PLUS)揭示清镇市土地利用扩张的驱动机制,并多情景模拟预测清镇市未来2030、2040年土地利用变化趋势。结果表明:2000—2020年,清镇市耕地与灌木地面积减少,林地、草地和不透水面面积增加,水体与裸地面积相对稳定,退耕还林与城镇化建设促使土地利用类型转移多样化,综合动态度呈加速趋势反映城镇化建设与生态保护对土地利用的深刻影响;人类活动对耕地、林地、不透水面演化影响显著,距居民地(面)的距离是土地利用演化的关键驱动因素;不同场景下,清镇市2030年和2040年耕地将持续减少,林地、不透水面增加,灌木地、草地、水体和裸地变化较小。研究结果对清镇市土地资源管理、生态环境保护、城市规划等方面提供了有益的参考,旨在通过优化土地利用结构推动清镇市实现高质量可持续发展。展开更多
文摘The legacy of United States cluster munition use in Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War is residual bomblets that unexpectedly detonate years later, killing and injuring children, farmers, and other civilians. Cluster munitions release dozens of smaller bomblets that rain deadly ammunition on troops, armored tanks, and vegetation, effectively striking broad sections of war zone landscapes in one launch. While many bomblets detonate immediately, others fail to detonate and can lie dormant on the ground for years. The primary objectives of this study were to document the long-term consequences and impacts of the US Air Force bombing of Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War (1959 to 1973). The historical lessons learned by United States should be shared with Russia and Ukraine governments and military. These countries need to discontinue the use of cluster bombs to prevent additional people living along the Russia-Ukraine border from having to live and die with the consequences of unexploded ordnance, including cluster bombs, for the next century.
文摘Background: Puffy hand syndrome (PHS) is a rare complication primarily associated with intravenous drug use (IVDU), characterized by chronic swelling and fibrosis of the hands due to lymphatic damage. Concurrent pulmonary complications, such as pneumonia and pneumothorax, significantly contribute to increased morbidity in this population. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 28-year-old female who injects drugs, and presents with fever, bilateral hand edema, and respiratory symptoms. Clinical evaluation revealed erythema and edema of both hands, elevated inflammatory markers, and a left lower lobe infiltration that progressed to pneumothorax. A diagnosis of PHS and left lower lobe pneumonia complicated by pneumothorax was established. Management and Outcomes: The patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, including ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, dexamethasone, and oxygen supplementation, as well as antipyretics. She demonstrated partial clinical improvement and was referred to another hospital’s thoracic surgery department for specialized care. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of early recognition and multidisciplinary management of rare but serious complications in IVDU patients. Further research is necessary to elucidate the interplay between lymphatic dysfunction and pulmonary pathophysiology in this demographic.
文摘土地利用现状、演化规律和未来变化情况对于国土空间开发和城市高质量可持续发展至关重要。借助土地利用转移矩阵和动态度等方法探究清镇市2000—2020年土地利用的空间分布格局和演化规律。在此基础上,通过引入随机森林的斑块生成土地利用变化模拟模型(patch-generating land use simulation model,PLUS)揭示清镇市土地利用扩张的驱动机制,并多情景模拟预测清镇市未来2030、2040年土地利用变化趋势。结果表明:2000—2020年,清镇市耕地与灌木地面积减少,林地、草地和不透水面面积增加,水体与裸地面积相对稳定,退耕还林与城镇化建设促使土地利用类型转移多样化,综合动态度呈加速趋势反映城镇化建设与生态保护对土地利用的深刻影响;人类活动对耕地、林地、不透水面演化影响显著,距居民地(面)的距离是土地利用演化的关键驱动因素;不同场景下,清镇市2030年和2040年耕地将持续减少,林地、不透水面增加,灌木地、草地、水体和裸地变化较小。研究结果对清镇市土地资源管理、生态环境保护、城市规划等方面提供了有益的参考,旨在通过优化土地利用结构推动清镇市实现高质量可持续发展。
