As an important ingredient in bilateral ties, China-US economic and trade rela-tions have now evolved into a bond of strategic interests that glue the world’stwo great powers. Since a trans-Pacific strategic partners...As an important ingredient in bilateral ties, China-US economic and trade rela-tions have now evolved into a bond of strategic interests that glue the world’stwo great powers. Since a trans-Pacific strategic partnership is taking shape in the political arena,the author believes that, the call of the hour is to go a step further and put展开更多
Hu Deping,68,is the oldest son of Hu Yaobang,a late Party secretary general. His name has recently appeared in the press not because of his father’s reputation but for his own
Beijing has vigorously con- demned the United States’ recent transfer of suspected Uygur terrorists to Palau and called for their repatriation to China, according to the Chi- nese Foreign Ministry.
夜读此文,既兴奋,又悲凉。兴奋,是因为千百年来,人们靠天吃饭,地里的活,种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。得多少,并非“大跃进”可以吹出来的,而是有一个常规,种地能手,能超出常规亩产20％,已有登天之难。而如今,植物的遗传工程(genetic engineering...夜读此文,既兴奋,又悲凉。兴奋,是因为千百年来,人们靠天吃饭,地里的活,种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。得多少,并非“大跃进”可以吹出来的,而是有一个常规,种地能手,能超出常规亩产20％,已有登天之难。而如今,植物的遗传工程(genetic engineering of plants)令世人一惊:It can improve crop yields and develop resis-tance to drought(干旱),salinity(盐份)and pests(害虫)。Biotechnology is also used todevelop drugs to treat diseases such as diabetes and hepatitis(肝炎);悲凉的是,这些专利正紧锁于富国的保险柜中待价而沽:The big biotech companies are locking uppatents at an incredible(难以置信的)rate！其另一个借口是:The full impact of thesenew life sciences on health and the environment is not known。 本文末尾的一句话又让我们另有想法: Biotechnology is by no means the only answer to the problem of hunger as the words already producing more food than it needs。】展开更多
应用基因芯片技术获取以稳定转染HBx基因的肝癌细胞Hep G(Hep G22-X)Y,以及非转染的肝癌细胞Hep G 2的差异表达基因,利用生物信息学方法对其进行初步分析表明,该蛋白基因编码673个氨基酸,预测分子量为17.06 k D,理论等电点为4.83,定位...应用基因芯片技术获取以稳定转染HBx基因的肝癌细胞Hep G(Hep G22-X)Y,以及非转染的肝癌细胞Hep G 2的差异表达基因,利用生物信息学方法对其进行初步分析表明,该蛋白基因编码673个氨基酸,预测分子量为17.06 k D,理论等电点为4.83,定位于细胞核,具有转录调控、生长因子、信号传导的功能,同源性分析结果表明,其碱基序列与已经报道的其他12个物种的相似率为76%-97%,且符合种属之间的进化关系。展开更多
BACKGROUND The transanal opening of intersphincteric space(TROPIS)procedure,performed to treat complex anal fistulas,preserves the external anal sphincter(EAS)but involves partial incision of the internal anal sphinct...BACKGROUND The transanal opening of intersphincteric space(TROPIS)procedure,performed to treat complex anal fistulas,preserves the external anal sphincter(EAS)but involves partial incision of the internal anal sphincter(IAS).AIM To ascertain the incidence of incontinence after the division of the IAS as is done in TROPIS and to evaluate whether regular Kegel exercises(KE)in the postoperative period can prevent incontinence due to IAS division.METHODS Patients operated on for high complex fistulas and having no preoperative continence problem(score=0)were included in the study.All patients were operated on by the TROPIS procedure and were recommended KE(pelvic contraction exercises)50 times/day.KE were commenced on the 10^(th)postoperative day and continued for 1 year.Incontinence was evaluated objectively(by modified Vaizey’s scores)in the immediate postoperative period(Pre-KE group)and on long-term follow-up(Post-KE group).The incontinence scores in both groups were compared to evaluate the efficacy of KE.RESULTS Of 102 anal fistula patients operated on between July 2018 and July 2020 were included in this study.There were 90 males,the mean age was 42.3±12.8,and the median follow-up was 30 mo(18-42 mo).Three patients were lost to follow-up.There were 65 recurrent fistulas,92 had multiple tracts,42 had associated abscess,46 had horseshoe fistula and 34 were supralevator fistulas.All were magnetic resonance imaging-documented high fistulas(>1/3 EAS involved).Overall incontinence occurred in 31%patients(Pre-KE group)with urge and gas incontinence accounting for the majority of cases(28.3%).The mean incontinence scores in the Pre-KE group were 1.19±1.96(in 31 patients,solid=0,liquid=7,gas=8,urge=24)and in the Post-KE group were 0.26±0.77(in 13 patients,solid=0,liquid=2,gas=3,urge=10)(P=0.00001,t-test).CONCLUSION Division of the IAS led to incontinence,mainly urge incontinence,and also to a mild degree of gas and liquid incontinence.However,regular KE led to a significant reduction in incontinence(both in the number of affected patients and the severity of scores in these patients).展开更多
BACKGROUND Several scoring systems are used to assess fecal incontinence(FI),among which,the most commonly used are Wexner and Vaizey’s scoring systems.However,there are significant lacunae in these scoring systems,d...BACKGROUND Several scoring systems are used to assess fecal incontinence(FI),among which,the most commonly used are Wexner and Vaizey’s scoring systems.However,there are significant lacunae in these scoring systems,due to which they are neither accurate nor comprehensive.AIM To develop a new scoring system for FI that is accurate,comprehensive,and easy to use.METHODS A pro forma was made in which six types of FI were included:solid,liquid,flatus,mucous,stress,and urge.The weight for each FI was determined by asking a group of patients and laypersons to give a disability score to each type of FI from 0 to 100(0-least,100-maximum disability).The disability was assessed on a modified EQ-5D+(EuroQol)description system,4D3L(4 dimensions and 3 levels)for each FI.The average score of each FI was calculated,divided by 10,and rounded off to determine the weight of each FI type.The scores for the three levels of frequency of each FI were assigned as never=0(No episode of FI ever),occasional=1(≤1 episode of FI/wk),and common=2(>1 episode of FI/wk),and was termed as frequency score.The score for each FI would be derived by multiplying the frequency score and the weight for that FI type.In the second phase of the study,a group of colorectal surgeons was asked to rank the six FI types in order of severity,and their ranking was compared with the patient and laypersons’rankings.RESULTS Fifty patients and 50 laypersons participated in the study.The weight was assigned to each FI(solid-8,liquid-8,urge-7,flatus-6,mucus-6,and stress-5),and an new scoring system was formulated.The maximum possible score was 80(total incontinence),and the least 0(no incontinence).The surgeons’ranking of FI severity did not correlate well with patients’and laypersons’rankings of FI,highlighting that surgeons and patients may perceive the severity of FI differently.CONCLUSION A new scoring system for FI was formulated,which was simple,logical,comprehensive,and easy to use,and eliminated previous shortcomings.Patients’and surgeons’perceptions of FI severity of FI did not correlate well.展开更多
We aim to evaluate the incidence of incontinence following laser endoscopic enucleation of the prostate(EEP)comparing en-bloc(Group 1)versus 2-lobe/3-lobe techniques(Group 2).We performed a retrospective review of pat...We aim to evaluate the incidence of incontinence following laser endoscopic enucleation of the prostate(EEP)comparing en-bloc(Group 1)versus 2-lobe/3-lobe techniques(Group 2).We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing EEP for benign prostaticenlargement in 12 centers between January 2020 and January 2022.Data were presented as median and interquartile range(IQR).Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors associated with stress urinary incontinence(SUI)and mixed urinary incontinence(MUI).There were 1711 patients in Group 1 and 3357 patients in Group 2.Patients in Group 2were significantly younger(68[62–73]years vs 69[63–74]years,P=0.002).Median(interquartile range)prostate volume(PV)wassimilar between the groups(70[52–92]ml in Group 1 vs 70[54–90]ml in Group 2,P=0.774).There was no difference in preoperativeInternational Prostate Symptom Score,quality of life,or maximum flow rate.Enucleation,morcellation,and total surgical time weresignificantly shorter in Group 1.Within 1 month,overall incontinence rate was 6.3%in Group 1 versus 5.3%in Group 2(P=0.12),and urge incontinence was significantly higher in Group 1(55.1%vs 37.3%in Group 2,P<0.001).After 3 months,the overall rate ofincontinence was 1.7%in Group 1 versus 2.3%in Group 2(P=0.06),and SUI was significantly higher in Group 2(55.6%vs 24.1%in Group 1,P=0.002).At multivariable analysis,PV and IPSS were factors significantly associated with higher odds of transient SUI/MUI.PV,surgical time,and no early apical release technique were factors associated with higher odds of persistent SUI/MUI.展开更多
BACKGROUND Premonitory urges (PUs) was defined as the uncomfortable physical sensations of inner tension that can be relieved by producing movement responses. Nearly 70%-90% patients with Tourette syndrome reported ex...BACKGROUND Premonitory urges (PUs) was defined as the uncomfortable physical sensations of inner tension that can be relieved by producing movement responses. Nearly 70%-90% patients with Tourette syndrome reported experiences of PUs. CASE SUMMARY In this paper, we present two cases of young patients with PUs located in their tongue, which is very rare and easily misdiagnosed in clinical work. Both two young patients complained of an itchy tongue and cannot help biting their tongue. These two cases were worth reporting because it was rare that PUs was the initial symptom and located in the tongue. The results indicated that PUs seem to play an important role in the generation of tics. CONCLUSION Thus, PUs may be the first process, and an essential part, of the formation of tics.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by tics,as well as a variety of psychiatric comorbidities,such as obsessivecompulsive disorders(OCDs),attention deficit hyperactivity di...BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by tics,as well as a variety of psychiatric comorbidities,such as obsessivecompulsive disorders(OCDs),attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),anxiety,and self-injurious behavior.TS might progress to treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome(TRTS)in some patients.However,there is no confirmed evidence in pediatric patients with TRTS.AIM To investigate the clinical characteristics of TRTS in a Chinese pediatric sample.METHODS A total of 126 pediatric patients aged 6-12 years with TS were identified,including 64 TRTS and 62 non-TRTS patients.The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS),Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale(PUTS),and Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)were used to assess these two groups and compared the difference between the TRTS and non-TRTS patients.RESULTS When compared with the non-TRTS group,we found that the age of onset for TRTS was younger(P<0.001),and the duration of illness was longer(P<0.001).TRTS was more often caused by psychosocial(P<0.001)than physiological factors,and coprolalia and inappropriate parenting style were more often present in the TRTS group(P<0.001).The TRTS group showed a higher level of premonitory urge(P<0.001),a lower intelligence quotient(IQ)(P<0.001),and a higher percentage of family history of TS.The TRTS patients demonstrated more problems(P<0.01)in the“Uncommunicative”,“Obsessive-Compulsive”,“Social-Withdrawal”,“Hyperactive”,“Aggressive”,and“Delinquent”subscales in the boys group,and“Social-Withdrawal”(P=0.02)subscale in the girls group.CONCLUSION Pediatric TRTS might show an earlier age of onset age,longer duration of illness,lower IQ,higher premonitory urge,and higher comorbidities with ADHD-related symptoms and OCD-related symptoms.We need to pay more attention to the social communication deficits of TRTS.展开更多
Objective:Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition with a negative impact on women's quality of life. Data about UI among Jordanian women are lacking;therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence, ty...Objective:Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition with a negative impact on women's quality of life. Data about UI among Jordanian women are lacking;therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence, types, and associated factors.Methods:A cross sectional nationwide survey was conducted between 1 March 2020 and 15 April 2020. Women were included if they were 18 years of age or more and had access to the internet. Data collected included women's characteristics, UI types, and associated factors. UI was inventoried by asking women if they have UI (yes/no), and the Arabic language validated International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence-Short Form was used. Age-group specific prevalence rates of UI were estimated, and associated factors were studied using logistic regression analyses.Results:Data from 2118 women were analysed. The median age was 40 (range 18–85) years;58.3% gave birth three or more times;and 64.1% consistently reported having UI. Limited mobility and being multiparous increased the likelihood of reporting UI. Compared to women with normal body mass index, overweight and obese women were 1.9 times and 4.4 times more likely to report UI, respectively.Conclusion:The prevalence of UI among Jordanian women is 64.1%, with mixed UI and stress UI being the more prevalent types in women younger than 60 years old. Age, parity body mass index, and limited mobility are all associated factors with UI. The results of this study provide healthcare policy makers with the necessary information to increase awareness and knowledge regarding UI.展开更多
目的探讨URG11基因介导的Wnt/β-Catenin信号通路调控EMT参与非小细胞肺癌转移的分子机制。方法非小细胞肺癌细胞系A549经shRNA质粒转染48h,敲除URG11后收集细胞行后续实验。实验共分两组,分别为敲除URG11的A549细胞组(实验组)和未敲除U...目的探讨URG11基因介导的Wnt/β-Catenin信号通路调控EMT参与非小细胞肺癌转移的分子机制。方法非小细胞肺癌细胞系A549经shRNA质粒转染48h,敲除URG11后收集细胞行后续实验。实验共分两组,分别为敲除URG11的A549细胞组(实验组)和未敲除URG11的A549细胞组(空白对照组)。采用Western blott测定β-Catenin及其下游基因cyclinD1、c-myc的蛋白表达,同时用RT-qPCR检测β-Catenin、cyclinD1和c-myc的mRNA表达。并用裸鼠成瘤模型评估URG11基因对NSCLC侵袭性生长的影响。结果①敲除URG11显著抑制Wnt/β-Catenin信号通路在NSCLC细胞中激活。Western blot蛋白质印迹分析显示β-Catenin、cyclin D1和c-myc的蛋白水平在敲除实验组中的表达显著低于对照组(DPI值分别为0.22±0.06 VS 0.77±0.21,0.61±0.09 VS 1.52±0.23,0.42±0.07 VS 0.84±0.14,P<0.05)。RT-qPCR结果显示β-Catenin、cyclinD1和c-myc的mRNA在对照组中的表达显著高于实验组(分别为3.52倍,2.58倍和2.19倍,P<0.05)。②敲除URG11显著减少异种移植肿瘤体在裸鼠体内侵袭性生长。通过裸鼠异种移植肿瘤模型动态观察了URG11对肿瘤的体内生长作用。与对照组相比,敲除URG11能显著抑制Balb/C裸鼠体内新生肿瘤的重量,第35天实验组VS对照组(0.21±0.04)g VS(0.58±0.08)g,P<0.05,平均抑瘤率为63.79%;同时敲除URG11能显著减少异种移植肿瘤的体积:第21、28、35天的新生瘤体体积,实验组VS对照组(258.33±0.24)mm^(3)VS(512.86±0.18)mm^(3),(414.59±0.17)mm^(3)VS(685.78±0.23)mm^(3),(423.21±0.36)mm^(3)VS(986.73±0.14)mm^(3),P<0.05。结论URG11导致的EMT与NSCLC的发生和进展密切相关。展开更多
Urinary incontinence markedly affects women’s quality of life. There are several methods to mitigate or reduce this problem such as medication, surgery, or exercises. Of various types of urinary incontinence, overact...Urinary incontinence markedly affects women’s quality of life. There are several methods to mitigate or reduce this problem such as medication, surgery, or exercises. Of various types of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder consists of one category, which is often resistant to various treatments. Electrical stimulation methods have been considered a treatment option of overactive bladder. We here briefly summarize various treatment options for urinary incontinence, with special reference to the role of electrical stimulation methods for this disease. Electrical stimulation methods include vaginal electrical stimulation (VES), posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) and sacral nerve stimulation (SNS). The three methods have shown good results, and these findings will contribute to achieving a better quality of life for patients.展开更多
文摘As an important ingredient in bilateral ties, China-US economic and trade rela-tions have now evolved into a bond of strategic interests that glue the world’stwo great powers. Since a trans-Pacific strategic partnership is taking shape in the political arena,the author believes that, the call of the hour is to go a step further and put
文摘Hu Deping,68,is the oldest son of Hu Yaobang,a late Party secretary general. His name has recently appeared in the press not because of his father’s reputation but for his own
文摘Beijing has vigorously con- demned the United States’ recent transfer of suspected Uygur terrorists to Palau and called for their repatriation to China, according to the Chi- nese Foreign Ministry.
文摘夜读此文,既兴奋,又悲凉。兴奋,是因为千百年来,人们靠天吃饭,地里的活,种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。得多少,并非“大跃进”可以吹出来的,而是有一个常规,种地能手,能超出常规亩产20％,已有登天之难。而如今,植物的遗传工程(genetic engineering of plants)令世人一惊:It can improve crop yields and develop resis-tance to drought(干旱),salinity(盐份)and pests(害虫)。Biotechnology is also used todevelop drugs to treat diseases such as diabetes and hepatitis(肝炎);悲凉的是,这些专利正紧锁于富国的保险柜中待价而沽:The big biotech companies are locking uppatents at an incredible(难以置信的)rate！其另一个借口是:The full impact of thesenew life sciences on health and the environment is not known。 本文末尾的一句话又让我们另有想法: Biotechnology is by no means the only answer to the problem of hunger as the words already producing more food than it needs。】
文摘应用基因芯片技术获取以稳定转染HBx基因的肝癌细胞Hep G(Hep G22-X)Y,以及非转染的肝癌细胞Hep G 2的差异表达基因,利用生物信息学方法对其进行初步分析表明,该蛋白基因编码673个氨基酸,预测分子量为17.06 k D,理论等电点为4.83,定位于细胞核,具有转录调控、生长因子、信号传导的功能,同源性分析结果表明,其碱基序列与已经报道的其他12个物种的相似率为76%-97%,且符合种属之间的进化关系。
文摘BACKGROUND The transanal opening of intersphincteric space(TROPIS)procedure,performed to treat complex anal fistulas,preserves the external anal sphincter(EAS)but involves partial incision of the internal anal sphincter(IAS).AIM To ascertain the incidence of incontinence after the division of the IAS as is done in TROPIS and to evaluate whether regular Kegel exercises(KE)in the postoperative period can prevent incontinence due to IAS division.METHODS Patients operated on for high complex fistulas and having no preoperative continence problem(score=0)were included in the study.All patients were operated on by the TROPIS procedure and were recommended KE(pelvic contraction exercises)50 times/day.KE were commenced on the 10^(th)postoperative day and continued for 1 year.Incontinence was evaluated objectively(by modified Vaizey’s scores)in the immediate postoperative period(Pre-KE group)and on long-term follow-up(Post-KE group).The incontinence scores in both groups were compared to evaluate the efficacy of KE.RESULTS Of 102 anal fistula patients operated on between July 2018 and July 2020 were included in this study.There were 90 males,the mean age was 42.3±12.8,and the median follow-up was 30 mo(18-42 mo).Three patients were lost to follow-up.There were 65 recurrent fistulas,92 had multiple tracts,42 had associated abscess,46 had horseshoe fistula and 34 were supralevator fistulas.All were magnetic resonance imaging-documented high fistulas(>1/3 EAS involved).Overall incontinence occurred in 31%patients(Pre-KE group)with urge and gas incontinence accounting for the majority of cases(28.3%).The mean incontinence scores in the Pre-KE group were 1.19±1.96(in 31 patients,solid=0,liquid=7,gas=8,urge=24)and in the Post-KE group were 0.26±0.77(in 13 patients,solid=0,liquid=2,gas=3,urge=10)(P=0.00001,t-test).CONCLUSION Division of the IAS led to incontinence,mainly urge incontinence,and also to a mild degree of gas and liquid incontinence.However,regular KE led to a significant reduction in incontinence(both in the number of affected patients and the severity of scores in these patients).
文摘BACKGROUND Several scoring systems are used to assess fecal incontinence(FI),among which,the most commonly used are Wexner and Vaizey’s scoring systems.However,there are significant lacunae in these scoring systems,due to which they are neither accurate nor comprehensive.AIM To develop a new scoring system for FI that is accurate,comprehensive,and easy to use.METHODS A pro forma was made in which six types of FI were included:solid,liquid,flatus,mucous,stress,and urge.The weight for each FI was determined by asking a group of patients and laypersons to give a disability score to each type of FI from 0 to 100(0-least,100-maximum disability).The disability was assessed on a modified EQ-5D+(EuroQol)description system,4D3L(4 dimensions and 3 levels)for each FI.The average score of each FI was calculated,divided by 10,and rounded off to determine the weight of each FI type.The scores for the three levels of frequency of each FI were assigned as never=0(No episode of FI ever),occasional=1(≤1 episode of FI/wk),and common=2(>1 episode of FI/wk),and was termed as frequency score.The score for each FI would be derived by multiplying the frequency score and the weight for that FI type.In the second phase of the study,a group of colorectal surgeons was asked to rank the six FI types in order of severity,and their ranking was compared with the patient and laypersons’rankings.RESULTS Fifty patients and 50 laypersons participated in the study.The weight was assigned to each FI(solid-8,liquid-8,urge-7,flatus-6,mucus-6,and stress-5),and an new scoring system was formulated.The maximum possible score was 80(total incontinence),and the least 0(no incontinence).The surgeons’ranking of FI severity did not correlate well with patients’and laypersons’rankings of FI,highlighting that surgeons and patients may perceive the severity of FI differently.CONCLUSION A new scoring system for FI was formulated,which was simple,logical,comprehensive,and easy to use,and eliminated previous shortcomings.Patients’and surgeons’perceptions of FI severity of FI did not correlate well.
文摘We aim to evaluate the incidence of incontinence following laser endoscopic enucleation of the prostate(EEP)comparing en-bloc(Group 1)versus 2-lobe/3-lobe techniques(Group 2).We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing EEP for benign prostaticenlargement in 12 centers between January 2020 and January 2022.Data were presented as median and interquartile range(IQR).Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors associated with stress urinary incontinence(SUI)and mixed urinary incontinence(MUI).There were 1711 patients in Group 1 and 3357 patients in Group 2.Patients in Group 2were significantly younger(68[62–73]years vs 69[63–74]years,P=0.002).Median(interquartile range)prostate volume(PV)wassimilar between the groups(70[52–92]ml in Group 1 vs 70[54–90]ml in Group 2,P=0.774).There was no difference in preoperativeInternational Prostate Symptom Score,quality of life,or maximum flow rate.Enucleation,morcellation,and total surgical time weresignificantly shorter in Group 1.Within 1 month,overall incontinence rate was 6.3%in Group 1 versus 5.3%in Group 2(P=0.12),and urge incontinence was significantly higher in Group 1(55.1%vs 37.3%in Group 2,P<0.001).After 3 months,the overall rate ofincontinence was 1.7%in Group 1 versus 2.3%in Group 2(P=0.06),and SUI was significantly higher in Group 2(55.6%vs 24.1%in Group 1,P=0.002).At multivariable analysis,PV and IPSS were factors significantly associated with higher odds of transient SUI/MUI.PV,surgical time,and no early apical release technique were factors associated with higher odds of persistent SUI/MUI.
文摘BACKGROUND Premonitory urges (PUs) was defined as the uncomfortable physical sensations of inner tension that can be relieved by producing movement responses. Nearly 70%-90% patients with Tourette syndrome reported experiences of PUs. CASE SUMMARY In this paper, we present two cases of young patients with PUs located in their tongue, which is very rare and easily misdiagnosed in clinical work. Both two young patients complained of an itchy tongue and cannot help biting their tongue. These two cases were worth reporting because it was rare that PUs was the initial symptom and located in the tongue. The results indicated that PUs seem to play an important role in the generation of tics. CONCLUSION Thus, PUs may be the first process, and an essential part, of the formation of tics.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),No.82171538the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7212035.
文摘BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by tics,as well as a variety of psychiatric comorbidities,such as obsessivecompulsive disorders(OCDs),attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),anxiety,and self-injurious behavior.TS might progress to treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome(TRTS)in some patients.However,there is no confirmed evidence in pediatric patients with TRTS.AIM To investigate the clinical characteristics of TRTS in a Chinese pediatric sample.METHODS A total of 126 pediatric patients aged 6-12 years with TS were identified,including 64 TRTS and 62 non-TRTS patients.The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS),Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale(PUTS),and Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)were used to assess these two groups and compared the difference between the TRTS and non-TRTS patients.RESULTS When compared with the non-TRTS group,we found that the age of onset for TRTS was younger(P<0.001),and the duration of illness was longer(P<0.001).TRTS was more often caused by psychosocial(P<0.001)than physiological factors,and coprolalia and inappropriate parenting style were more often present in the TRTS group(P<0.001).The TRTS group showed a higher level of premonitory urge(P<0.001),a lower intelligence quotient(IQ)(P<0.001),and a higher percentage of family history of TS.The TRTS patients demonstrated more problems(P<0.01)in the“Uncommunicative”,“Obsessive-Compulsive”,“Social-Withdrawal”,“Hyperactive”,“Aggressive”,and“Delinquent”subscales in the boys group,and“Social-Withdrawal”(P=0.02)subscale in the girls group.CONCLUSION Pediatric TRTS might show an earlier age of onset age,longer duration of illness,lower IQ,higher premonitory urge,and higher comorbidities with ADHD-related symptoms and OCD-related symptoms.We need to pay more attention to the social communication deficits of TRTS.
文摘Objective:Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition with a negative impact on women's quality of life. Data about UI among Jordanian women are lacking;therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence, types, and associated factors.Methods:A cross sectional nationwide survey was conducted between 1 March 2020 and 15 April 2020. Women were included if they were 18 years of age or more and had access to the internet. Data collected included women's characteristics, UI types, and associated factors. UI was inventoried by asking women if they have UI (yes/no), and the Arabic language validated International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence-Short Form was used. Age-group specific prevalence rates of UI were estimated, and associated factors were studied using logistic regression analyses.Results:Data from 2118 women were analysed. The median age was 40 (range 18–85) years;58.3% gave birth three or more times;and 64.1% consistently reported having UI. Limited mobility and being multiparous increased the likelihood of reporting UI. Compared to women with normal body mass index, overweight and obese women were 1.9 times and 4.4 times more likely to report UI, respectively.Conclusion:The prevalence of UI among Jordanian women is 64.1%, with mixed UI and stress UI being the more prevalent types in women younger than 60 years old. Age, parity body mass index, and limited mobility are all associated factors with UI. The results of this study provide healthcare policy makers with the necessary information to increase awareness and knowledge regarding UI.
文摘目的探讨URG11基因介导的Wnt/β-Catenin信号通路调控EMT参与非小细胞肺癌转移的分子机制。方法非小细胞肺癌细胞系A549经shRNA质粒转染48h,敲除URG11后收集细胞行后续实验。实验共分两组,分别为敲除URG11的A549细胞组(实验组)和未敲除URG11的A549细胞组(空白对照组)。采用Western blott测定β-Catenin及其下游基因cyclinD1、c-myc的蛋白表达,同时用RT-qPCR检测β-Catenin、cyclinD1和c-myc的mRNA表达。并用裸鼠成瘤模型评估URG11基因对NSCLC侵袭性生长的影响。结果①敲除URG11显著抑制Wnt/β-Catenin信号通路在NSCLC细胞中激活。Western blot蛋白质印迹分析显示β-Catenin、cyclin D1和c-myc的蛋白水平在敲除实验组中的表达显著低于对照组(DPI值分别为0.22±0.06 VS 0.77±0.21,0.61±0.09 VS 1.52±0.23,0.42±0.07 VS 0.84±0.14,P<0.05)。RT-qPCR结果显示β-Catenin、cyclinD1和c-myc的mRNA在对照组中的表达显著高于实验组(分别为3.52倍,2.58倍和2.19倍,P<0.05)。②敲除URG11显著减少异种移植肿瘤体在裸鼠体内侵袭性生长。通过裸鼠异种移植肿瘤模型动态观察了URG11对肿瘤的体内生长作用。与对照组相比,敲除URG11能显著抑制Balb/C裸鼠体内新生肿瘤的重量,第35天实验组VS对照组(0.21±0.04)g VS(0.58±0.08)g,P<0.05,平均抑瘤率为63.79%;同时敲除URG11能显著减少异种移植肿瘤的体积:第21、28、35天的新生瘤体体积,实验组VS对照组(258.33±0.24)mm^(3)VS(512.86±0.18)mm^(3),(414.59±0.17)mm^(3)VS(685.78±0.23)mm^(3),(423.21±0.36)mm^(3)VS(986.73±0.14)mm^(3),P<0.05。结论URG11导致的EMT与NSCLC的发生和进展密切相关。
文摘Urinary incontinence markedly affects women’s quality of life. There are several methods to mitigate or reduce this problem such as medication, surgery, or exercises. Of various types of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder consists of one category, which is often resistant to various treatments. Electrical stimulation methods have been considered a treatment option of overactive bladder. We here briefly summarize various treatment options for urinary incontinence, with special reference to the role of electrical stimulation methods for this disease. Electrical stimulation methods include vaginal electrical stimulation (VES), posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) and sacral nerve stimulation (SNS). The three methods have shown good results, and these findings will contribute to achieving a better quality of life for patients.
