The rapid population and land urbanization not only promoted economic development but also affected the ecosystem service value(ESV).In the context of new-type urbanization and green development,it’s essential to inv...The rapid population and land urbanization not only promoted economic development but also affected the ecosystem service value(ESV).In the context of new-type urbanization and green development,it’s essential to investigate the impacts of urbanization on ESV in China.However,a comprehensive and dynamic framework to reveal the relationship between ESV and urbanization processes is lacking.This study adopted multi-source datasets to portray China’s urbanization process by integrating population,land,and economic urbanization,eval-uated the ESV changes of 10 categories by gross ecosystem product(GEP)methods,and explored ESV changes within different urbanization scales and speeds.The results showed rapid urbanization in the population,land,and economic dimensions in China,with a faster process of economic urbanization.The ESV also exhibited an increasing trend,with higher levels in the southeastern coastal regions and lower levels in the northwestern regions.Urbanization had positive impacts on ESV across various research units,but the ESV exhibited heteroge-neous changes across different urbanization scales,speeds,and their interactive effects.The response of ESV to dynamic urbanization processes was influenced by socio-economic,ecological,and policy factors;it is essential to combine targeted measures with general ecological product value realization methods in each unit to maximize social-economic-ecological benefits.展开更多
Understanding stakeholders’differences in perceptions of ecosystem services(ES)is crucial for guiding ecolog-ical conservation and planning.However,the variations of ES perception amongst different types of residents...Understanding stakeholders’differences in perceptions of ecosystem services(ES)is crucial for guiding ecolog-ical conservation and planning.However,the variations of ES perception amongst different types of residents in urbanizing areas along an urban-rural gradient are still poorly understood.Combining a questionnaire-based survey,redundancy analysis,and statistical tests,we delineated the urban-rural gradient according to local res-idents’socio-economic characteristics,and investigated the differences in local residents’perceptions of ES and potential factors affecting them in the Guanting Reservoir basin,a rapidly urbanizing basin in China.The results showed that residents living in urban-rural transitional areas attached great importance to provisioning services of providing food and domestic water,regulating services of carbon sequestration and air purification,and cul-tural services of providing education and training,which were 0.7%-13.1%,0.7%-9.1%and 2.5%-21.2%higher than that of residents in other areas,respectively.Age and occupation were major factors affecting residents’perceptions.In terms of land-use types that deliver ES,the difference in perceptions of ES delivered by grassland was the greatest amongst residents.Our results support recommendations for policymakers to take into account the stakeholders’diverse perceptions,thus promoting residents’sense of gain on ES.展开更多
Due to the limitation of total amount of water resources, it is necessary to enhance water consumption efficiency to meet the increasing water demand of urbanizing China. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in Chi...Due to the limitation of total amount of water resources, it is necessary to enhance water consumption efficiency to meet the increasing water demand of urbanizing China. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China in 1997-2013, we analyze the influencing factors of water consumption efficiency by spatial econometric models. Results show that, 1） Due to the notable spatial autocorrelation characteristics of water consumption efficiency among different provinces in China, general panel data regression model which previous studies often used may be improper to reveal its influencing factors. However, spatial Durbin model may best estimate their relationship. 2） Water consumption efficiency of a certain province may be influenced not only by its socio-economic and eco-environmental indicators, but also by water consumption efficiency in its neighboring provinces. Moreover, it may be influenced by the neighboring provinces＇ socio-economic and eco-environmental indicators. 3） For the macro average case of the 31 provinces in China, if water consumption efficiency in neighboring provinces increased 1%, water consumption efficiency of the local province would increase 0.34%. 4） Among the ten specific indicators we selected, per capita GDP and urbanization level of itself and its neighboring provinces have the most prominent positive effects on water consumption efficiency, and the indirect effects of neighboring provinces are much larger. Therefore, the spatial spillover effects of the economic development level and urbanization level are the primary influencing factors for improving China＇s water consump- tion efficiency. 5） Policy implications indicate that, to improve water consumption efficiency, each province should properly consider potential influences caused by its neighboring prov- inces, especially needs to enhance the economic cooperation and urbanization interaction with neighboring provinces.展开更多
The study examines the dynamics of land use/cover in a rapidly urbanizing city of Gombe in Northeast Nigeria. The objective was to apply geospatial techniques in mapping and characterization of the pattern of land use...The study examines the dynamics of land use/cover in a rapidly urbanizing city of Gombe in Northeast Nigeria. The objective was to apply geospatial techniques in mapping and characterization of the pattern of land use changes in the metropolis that occurred between 1984 and 2015, and assess its’ implications on the socio-economic development of the city. The Landsat satellite images of the area were acquired and classified using maximum likelihood algorithm in identifying the historical trend in the land use changes. The application of Multi-Layer Perception (MLP) neutral network in the prediction of land use changes in the area reveals that Gombe metropolis has witnessed a phenomenal growth in size (133%) between 1991 and 2003. This growth was largely brought by changes in political status of the city that reflected in the socio-economic functions it performs. A 10-year trend in the growth forecast (2015-2055) reveals lack of abatement in the rapidity of this growth pattern. The consequences of this growth include the aggravation of the existing slumps, problems of infrastructure and housing among others. It is recommended that zonal-based planning approach be adopted within the framework of a master plan to tackle the existing and future development needs of the city. The implications of the findings are further discussed.展开更多
Urban climate is the most immediate manifestation of the warming global climate for the majority of people on earth. Nearly half of those people live in small to medium sized cities, an understudied scale in urban cli...Urban climate is the most immediate manifestation of the warming global climate for the majority of people on earth. Nearly half of those people live in small to medium sized cities, an understudied scale in urban climate research. Widespread characterization would be useful to decision makers in planning and design for land use decisions. Using a multi-method approach, the mesoscale UHI in the study region is characterized and the secular trend over the last sixty years evaluated. Under isolated ideal conditions the findings indicate a UHI of 5.3℃ ± 0.97℃ to be present in the study area, the magnitude of which is growing over time.展开更多
Virtual water trade plays a pivotal role in alleviating water scarcity in rapidly urbanizing drylands,and accurately assessing the spillover of local water scarcity pressure to other regions through such trade is esse...Virtual water trade plays a pivotal role in alleviating water scarcity in rapidly urbanizing drylands,and accurately assessing the spillover of local water scarcity pressure to other regions through such trade is essential for sustainable development in these areas.However,systematic research on the spillover of water scarcity risks through virtual water trade and its transmission pathways in arid and semi-arid regions remains relatively limited.Taking the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin(HBOY)urban agglomeration as an example,this study integrated the multi-regional input-output model and structural path analysis to assess the spillover of water scarcity risk through virtual water trade and trace key transmission paths.We found that over 90%of HBOY’s water scarcity risk was transferred to regions experiencing severe or extreme water stress.Spatially,Inner Mongolia and Ningxia were the primary recipients,absorbing 37.2%and 14.5%of HBOY’s total spillover of water scarcity risk,respectively.Sectorally,62.0%of the risk spillover originated from HBOY’s agriculture,light industry,and construction sectors and was passed to the agricultural sector in external regions.The most important risk transmission path was from HBOY’s agriculture to Inner Mongolia’s agriculture,accounting for 18.3%of HBOY’s total risk spillover.Additionally,potential loss due to insufficient external virtual water supply constituted nearly one-third of HBOY’s total economic loss from water scarcity.We recommend that rapidly urbanizing drylands and their trade partners should actively develop a cross-regional collaborative management system to mitigate the adverse effects of risk spillover.展开更多
Issues relating to agriculture, countryside, and farmers(called "sannong" in Chinese) are fundamental to China as they directly influence the stability of the country and the well-being of Chinese people. Th...Issues relating to agriculture, countryside, and farmers(called "sannong" in Chinese) are fundamental to China as they directly influence the stability of the country and the well-being of Chinese people. The 19 th CPC National Congress proposed a strategy of rural revitalization, giving priority to the development of "sannong" to promote the modernization of agriculture and the countryside. Since China's reform and opening up, Southern Jiangsu has experienced rapid urbanization and industrialization along with the development of township and village industries, making its urbanization rate reaching 75.9%. While significant achievements have been made in urban and rural development, there are still many challenges in rural revitalization. Based on analysis on the characteristics and problems of rural development in Southern Jiangsu, this paper, aiming at rural revitalization, puts forward methods and paths of rural revitalization, such as value cognition, layout optimization, industrial revitalization, ecological livability, and rural governance, which are of practical significance to promote the integrated urban-rural development and the healthy rural development in the region and to provide a reference of rural development for other areas of the country.展开更多
This paper addresses urban sustainability challenges amid global urbanization, emphasizing the need for innova tive approaches aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals. While traditional tools and linear models ...This paper addresses urban sustainability challenges amid global urbanization, emphasizing the need for innova tive approaches aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals. While traditional tools and linear models offer insights, they fall short in presenting a holistic view of complex urban challenges. System dynamics (SD) models that are often utilized to provide holistic, systematic understanding of a research subject, like the urban system, emerge as valuable tools, but data scarcity and theoretical inadequacy pose challenges. The research reviews relevant papers on recent SD model applications in urban sustainability since 2018, categorizing them based on nine key indicators. Among the reviewed papers, data limitations and model assumptions were identified as ma jor challenges in applying SD models to urban sustainability. This led to exploring the transformative potential of big data analytics, a rare approach in this field as identified by this study, to enhance SD models’ empirical foundation. Integrating big data could provide data-driven calibration, potentially improving predictive accuracy and reducing reliance on simplified assumptions. The paper concludes by advocating for new approaches that reduce assumptions and promote real-time applicable models, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of urban sustainability through the synergy of big data and SD models.展开更多
Patna is among the cities high populated at risk of ecological and environmental deterioration due to a variety of human activities,such as poor land cover management.One of the most crucial elements of a successful l...Patna is among the cities high populated at risk of ecological and environmental deterioration due to a variety of human activities,such as poor land cover management.One of the most crucial elements of a successful land resource management plan is the evaluation of Land Use Land Cover(LULC).Over the past 20 years,our planet’s land cover resources have undergone substantial changes due to rapid development.The Land Use Land Cover(LULC)categories of the Patna Urban Agglomeration(PUA),including water bodies,agricultural land,barren land,built-up areas,and vegetation,were identified using Geographic Information System(GIS)techniques.Three multi-temporal images were analyzed and classified through supervised classification using the maximum likelihood method.By comparing three separately created LULC categorized maps from 1990 and 2024,temporal changes were analyzed.In order to update land cover or manage natural resources,it is vital to use change detection as a tool to identify changes in LULC over time in PUA,Patna between 1990,2010 and 2024.According to their respective Kappa coefficients,the accuracy rates for 1990,2010 and 2024 LULC are 91.66 and 94.93,respectively.An accuracy evaluation was conducted to determine the correctness of the classification system and to determine the efficacy of the LULC classification maps.One hundred reference test pixels were identified.There have been found significant changes in the LULC were built up area has increased doubled in last thirty-four years of timeline.展开更多
Majority of carbon emissions originate from fossil energy consumption,thus necessitating calculation and monitoring of carbon emissions from energy consumption.In this study,we utilized energy consumption data from Si...Majority of carbon emissions originate from fossil energy consumption,thus necessitating calculation and monitoring of carbon emissions from energy consumption.In this study,we utilized energy consumption data from Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality for the years 2000 to 2019 to estimate their statistical carbon emissions.We then employed nighttime light data to downscale and infer the spatial distribution of carbon emissions at the county level within the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.Furthermore,we analyzed the spatial pattern of carbon emissions at the county level using the coefficient of variation and spatial autocorrelation,and we used the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression(GTWR)model to analyze the influencing factors of carbon emissions at this scale.The results of this study are as follows:(1)from 2000 to 2019,the overall carbon emissions in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration showed an increasing trend followed by a decrease,with an average annual growth rate of 4.24%.However,in recent years,it has stabilized,and 2012 was the peak year for carbon emissions in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration;(2)carbon emissions exhibited significant spatial clustering,with high-high clustering observed in the core urban areas of Chengdu and Chongqing and low-low clustering in the southern counties of the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration;(3)factors such as GDP,population(Pop),urbanization rate(Ur),and industrialization structure(Ic)all showed a significant influence on carbon emissions;(4)the spatial heterogeneity of each influencing factor was evident.展开更多
The environment of low-altitude urban airspace is complex and variable due to numerous obstacles,non-cooperative aircraft,and birds.Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)leveraging environmental information to achieve three-d...The environment of low-altitude urban airspace is complex and variable due to numerous obstacles,non-cooperative aircraft,and birds.Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)leveraging environmental information to achieve three-dimension collision-free trajectory planning is the prerequisite to ensure airspace security.However,the timely information of surrounding situation is difficult to acquire by UAVs,which further brings security risks.As a mature technology leveraged in traditional civil aviation,the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast(ADS-B)realizes continuous surveillance of the information of aircraft.Consequently,we leverage ADS-B for surveillance and information broadcasting,and divide the aerial airspace into multiple sub-airspaces to improve flight safety in UAV trajectory planning.In detail,we propose the secure Sub-airSpaces Planning(SSP)algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization Rapidly-exploring Random Trees(PSO-RRT)algorithm for the UAV trajectory planning in law-altitude airspace.The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulations and the results show that SSP reduces both the maximum number of UAVs in the sub-airspace and the length of the trajectory,and PSO-RRT reduces the cost of UAV trajectory in the sub-airspace.展开更多
Earthquakes pose significant perils to the built environment in urban areas.To avert the calamitous aftermath of earthquakes,it is imperative to construct seismic resilient cities.Due to the intricacy of the concept o...Earthquakes pose significant perils to the built environment in urban areas.To avert the calamitous aftermath of earthquakes,it is imperative to construct seismic resilient cities.Due to the intricacy of the concept of urban seismic resilience(USR),its assessment is a large-scale system engineering issue.The assessment of USR should be based on the notion of urban seismic capacity(USC)assessment,which includes casualties,economic loss,and recovery time as criteria.Functionality loss is also included in the assessment of USR in addition to these criteria.The assessment indicator system comprising five dimensions(building and lifeline infrastructure,environment,society,economy,and institution)and 20 indicators has been devised to quantify USR.The analytical hierarchy process(AHP)is utilized to compute the weights of the criteria,dimensions,and indicators in the urban seismic resilience assessment(USRA)indicator system.When the necessary data for a city are obtainable,the seismic resilience of that city can be assessed using this framework.To illustrate the proposed methodology,a moderate-sized city in China was selected as a case study.The assessment results indicate a high level of USR,suggesting that the city possesses strong capabilities to withstand and recover from potential future earthquakes.展开更多
Land use transformations in Sonipat District,Haryana,driven by urbanization,industrialization,and land acquisitions,have posed significant ecological and socio-economic challenges,particularly concerning food security...Land use transformations in Sonipat District,Haryana,driven by urbanization,industrialization,and land acquisitions,have posed significant ecological and socio-economic challenges,particularly concerning food security.This study investigates the interplay between these land use changes and their environmental implications at macro(district)and micro(village)levels,focusing on agricultural productivity and resource sustainability.The study employs a mixed-method approach,integrating secondary data from official datasets and primary data gathered through structured household surveys,focus group discussions,and visual analysis techniques.Data from 20 villages,selected based on predominant land use characteristics,were analysed using statistical and geospatial tools,including ArcGIS and STATA,to quantify food grain losses and evaluate environmental degradation.Findings of this study reveal a 19%reduction in agricultural land over two decades(2000-2024),correlating with increased residential and industrial areas.Groundwater resources face severe overexploitation,with pollution from industrial clusters further degrading water and soil quality.The study estimates a total food grain loss of 1.5 million kilograms across surveyed villages due to land acquisitions.A strong positive correlation(R^(2)=0.98)between land acquisition and food loss underscores the direct impact of urbanization on agricultural output.The research underscores the urgency of sustainable land management practices,including preserving agricultural lands,optimizing groundwater usage,and enhancing community involvement in planning.By addressing these challenges,the study advocates for balanced urban expansion and food security to ensure ecological and economic resilience in the region.展开更多
This paper discusses the development characteristics of urban horticulture under the background of smart agriculture,as well as the application of artificial intelligence technology in it.It analyzes the importance of...This paper discusses the development characteristics of urban horticulture under the background of smart agriculture,as well as the application of artificial intelligence technology in it.It analyzes the importance of highly skilled talents in urban agriculture in the era of smart agriculture and their cultivation pathways and practices.It proposes measures such as building multi-level practical teaching platforms,implementing the“Enjoy Horticulture”series of high-quality activities,and establishing the“1234”applied talent training model to cultivate high-quality talents that meet the development needs of modern urban horticulture industry.Taking Beijing University of Agriculture and other universities as examples,the paper analyzes the practical cases and effects of the urban horticulture discipline’s industry-education-research collaborative talent training model,which has reference significance for further improving and perfecting the urban horticulture industry-education-research collaborative talent training plan.展开更多
With the progress of urbanization,urban landscape design has garnered increasing attention.Urban landscape design can not only reflect the construction level of a city but also has the functions of beautifying the urb...With the progress of urbanization,urban landscape design has garnered increasing attention.Urban landscape design can not only reflect the construction level of a city but also has the functions of beautifying the urban environment and enhancing the city image.Modern art enriches the expression forms of urban landscape design,and its integration with urban landscape design can greatly improve the urban landscape.This article elaborated on the connotations of modern art and urban landscape design and analyzed the application of modern art in urban landscape design.The application of modern art can help to achieve the goal of urban landscape design to the maximum extent.展开更多
Cities are important carriers of green innovation.The foundation for accelerating China's ecological civilization construction and fostering regionally coordinated and sustainable development is quantitative analy...Cities are important carriers of green innovation.The foundation for accelerating China's ecological civilization construction and fostering regionally coordinated and sustainable development is quantitative analysis of the spatial evolution pattern and influencing factors of urban green innovation,as well as revealing the development differences between regions.This study's research object includes 284 Chinese cities that are at the prefecture level or above,excluding Xizang,Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan of China due to incomplete data.The spatial evolution characteristics of urban green innovation in China between 2005 and 2021 are comprehensively described using the gravity center model and boxplot analysis.The factors that affect urban green innovation are examined using the spatial Durbin model(SDM).The findings indicate that:1)over the period of the study,the gravity center of urban green innovation in China has always been distributed in the Henan-Anhui border region,showing a migration characteristic of‘initially shifting northeast,subsequently southeast',and the migration speed has gradually increased.2)Although there are also noticeable disparities in east-west,the north-south gap is the main cause of the shift in China's urban green innovation gravity center.The primary areas of urban green innovation in China are the cities with green innovation levels higher than the median.3)The main influencing factor of urban green innovation is the industrial structure level.The effect of the financial development level,the government intervention level,and the openness to the outside world degree on urban green innovation is weakened in turn.The environmental regulation degree is not truly influencing urban green innovation.The impact of various factors on green innovation across cities of different sizes,exhibiting heterogeneity.This study is conducive to broadening the academic community's comprehension of the spatial evolution characteristics of urban green innovation and offering a theoretical framework for developing policies for the all-encompassing green transformation of social and economic growth.展开更多
The complexity of coupled risks,which refer to the compounded effects of interacting uncertainties across multiple interdependent objectives,is inherent to cities functioning as dynamic,interdependent systems.A disrup...The complexity of coupled risks,which refer to the compounded effects of interacting uncertainties across multiple interdependent objectives,is inherent to cities functioning as dynamic,interdependent systems.A disruption in one domain ripples across various urban systems,often with unforeseen consequences.Central to this complexity are people,whose behaviors,needs,and vulnerabilities shape risk evolution and response effectiveness.Realizing cities as complex systems centered on human needs and behaviors is essential to understanding the complexities of coupled urban risks.This paper adopts a complex systems perspective to examine the intricacies of coupled urban risks,emphasizing the critical role of human decisions and behavior in shaping these dynamics.We focus on two key dimensions:cascading hazards in urban environments and cascading failures across interdependent exposed systems in cities.Existing risk assessment models often fail to capture the complexity of these processes,particularly when factoring in human decision-making.To tackle these challenges,we advocate for a standardized taxonomy of cascading hazards,urban components,and their interactions.At its core is a people-centric perspective,emphasizing the bidirectional interactions between people and the systems that serve them.Building on this foundation,we argue the need for an integrated,people-centric risk assessment framework that evaluates event impacts in relation to the hierarchical needs of people and incorporates their preparedness and response capacities.By leveraging real-time data,advanced simulations,and innovative validation methods,this framework aims to enhance the accuracy of coupled urban risk modeling.To effectively manage coupled urban risks,cities can draw from proven strategies in real complex systems.However,given the escalating uncertainties and complexities associated with climate change,prioritizing people-centric strategies is crucial.This approach will empower cities to build resilience not only against known hazards but also against evolving and unforeseen challenges in an increasingly uncertain world.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41931293)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42271275).
文摘The rapid population and land urbanization not only promoted economic development but also affected the ecosystem service value(ESV).In the context of new-type urbanization and green development,it’s essential to investigate the impacts of urbanization on ESV in China.However,a comprehensive and dynamic framework to reveal the relationship between ESV and urbanization processes is lacking.This study adopted multi-source datasets to portray China’s urbanization process by integrating population,land,and economic urbanization,eval-uated the ESV changes of 10 categories by gross ecosystem product(GEP)methods,and explored ESV changes within different urbanization scales and speeds.The results showed rapid urbanization in the population,land,and economic dimensions in China,with a faster process of economic urbanization.The ESV also exhibited an increasing trend,with higher levels in the southeastern coastal regions and lower levels in the northwestern regions.Urbanization had positive impacts on ESV across various research units,but the ESV exhibited heteroge-neous changes across different urbanization scales,speeds,and their interactive effects.The response of ESV to dynamic urbanization processes was influenced by socio-economic,ecological,and policy factors;it is essential to combine targeted measures with general ecological product value realization methods in each unit to maximize social-economic-ecological benefits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42361144859)Beijing Nova Pro-gram(Grant No.20220484163)Beijing Normal University Tang Scholar.
文摘Understanding stakeholders’differences in perceptions of ecosystem services(ES)is crucial for guiding ecolog-ical conservation and planning.However,the variations of ES perception amongst different types of residents in urbanizing areas along an urban-rural gradient are still poorly understood.Combining a questionnaire-based survey,redundancy analysis,and statistical tests,we delineated the urban-rural gradient according to local res-idents’socio-economic characteristics,and investigated the differences in local residents’perceptions of ES and potential factors affecting them in the Guanting Reservoir basin,a rapidly urbanizing basin in China.The results showed that residents living in urban-rural transitional areas attached great importance to provisioning services of providing food and domestic water,regulating services of carbon sequestration and air purification,and cul-tural services of providing education and training,which were 0.7%-13.1%,0.7%-9.1%and 2.5%-21.2%higher than that of residents in other areas,respectively.Age and occupation were major factors affecting residents’perceptions.In terms of land-use types that deliver ES,the difference in perceptions of ES delivered by grassland was the greatest amongst residents.Our results support recommendations for policymakers to take into account the stakeholders’diverse perceptions,thus promoting residents’sense of gain on ES.
基金Major Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41590844 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41571156 Service Project on the Cultivation and Construction for the Characteristic Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.TSYJS02
文摘Due to the limitation of total amount of water resources, it is necessary to enhance water consumption efficiency to meet the increasing water demand of urbanizing China. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China in 1997-2013, we analyze the influencing factors of water consumption efficiency by spatial econometric models. Results show that, 1） Due to the notable spatial autocorrelation characteristics of water consumption efficiency among different provinces in China, general panel data regression model which previous studies often used may be improper to reveal its influencing factors. However, spatial Durbin model may best estimate their relationship. 2） Water consumption efficiency of a certain province may be influenced not only by its socio-economic and eco-environmental indicators, but also by water consumption efficiency in its neighboring provinces. Moreover, it may be influenced by the neighboring provinces＇ socio-economic and eco-environmental indicators. 3） For the macro average case of the 31 provinces in China, if water consumption efficiency in neighboring provinces increased 1%, water consumption efficiency of the local province would increase 0.34%. 4） Among the ten specific indicators we selected, per capita GDP and urbanization level of itself and its neighboring provinces have the most prominent positive effects on water consumption efficiency, and the indirect effects of neighboring provinces are much larger. Therefore, the spatial spillover effects of the economic development level and urbanization level are the primary influencing factors for improving China＇s water consump- tion efficiency. 5） Policy implications indicate that, to improve water consumption efficiency, each province should properly consider potential influences caused by its neighboring prov- inces, especially needs to enhance the economic cooperation and urbanization interaction with neighboring provinces.
文摘The study examines the dynamics of land use/cover in a rapidly urbanizing city of Gombe in Northeast Nigeria. The objective was to apply geospatial techniques in mapping and characterization of the pattern of land use changes in the metropolis that occurred between 1984 and 2015, and assess its’ implications on the socio-economic development of the city. The Landsat satellite images of the area were acquired and classified using maximum likelihood algorithm in identifying the historical trend in the land use changes. The application of Multi-Layer Perception (MLP) neutral network in the prediction of land use changes in the area reveals that Gombe metropolis has witnessed a phenomenal growth in size (133%) between 1991 and 2003. This growth was largely brought by changes in political status of the city that reflected in the socio-economic functions it performs. A 10-year trend in the growth forecast (2015-2055) reveals lack of abatement in the rapidity of this growth pattern. The consequences of this growth include the aggravation of the existing slumps, problems of infrastructure and housing among others. It is recommended that zonal-based planning approach be adopted within the framework of a master plan to tackle the existing and future development needs of the city. The implications of the findings are further discussed.
文摘Urban climate is the most immediate manifestation of the warming global climate for the majority of people on earth. Nearly half of those people live in small to medium sized cities, an understudied scale in urban climate research. Widespread characterization would be useful to decision makers in planning and design for land use decisions. Using a multi-method approach, the mesoscale UHI in the study region is characterized and the secular trend over the last sixty years evaluated. Under isolated ideal conditions the findings indicate a UHI of 5.3℃ ± 0.97℃ to be present in the study area, the magnitude of which is growing over time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.42371296 and 42361144859)BNU-FGS Global Environmental Change Program(grant No.2023-GC-ZYTS-08)。
文摘Virtual water trade plays a pivotal role in alleviating water scarcity in rapidly urbanizing drylands,and accurately assessing the spillover of local water scarcity pressure to other regions through such trade is essential for sustainable development in these areas.However,systematic research on the spillover of water scarcity risks through virtual water trade and its transmission pathways in arid and semi-arid regions remains relatively limited.Taking the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin(HBOY)urban agglomeration as an example,this study integrated the multi-regional input-output model and structural path analysis to assess the spillover of water scarcity risk through virtual water trade and trace key transmission paths.We found that over 90%of HBOY’s water scarcity risk was transferred to regions experiencing severe or extreme water stress.Spatially,Inner Mongolia and Ningxia were the primary recipients,absorbing 37.2%and 14.5%of HBOY’s total spillover of water scarcity risk,respectively.Sectorally,62.0%of the risk spillover originated from HBOY’s agriculture,light industry,and construction sectors and was passed to the agricultural sector in external regions.The most important risk transmission path was from HBOY’s agriculture to Inner Mongolia’s agriculture,accounting for 18.3%of HBOY’s total risk spillover.Additionally,potential loss due to insufficient external virtual water supply constituted nearly one-third of HBOY’s total economic loss from water scarcity.We recommend that rapidly urbanizing drylands and their trade partners should actively develop a cross-regional collaborative management system to mitigate the adverse effects of risk spillover.
文摘Issues relating to agriculture, countryside, and farmers(called "sannong" in Chinese) are fundamental to China as they directly influence the stability of the country and the well-being of Chinese people. The 19 th CPC National Congress proposed a strategy of rural revitalization, giving priority to the development of "sannong" to promote the modernization of agriculture and the countryside. Since China's reform and opening up, Southern Jiangsu has experienced rapid urbanization and industrialization along with the development of township and village industries, making its urbanization rate reaching 75.9%. While significant achievements have been made in urban and rural development, there are still many challenges in rural revitalization. Based on analysis on the characteristics and problems of rural development in Southern Jiangsu, this paper, aiming at rural revitalization, puts forward methods and paths of rural revitalization, such as value cognition, layout optimization, industrial revitalization, ecological livability, and rural governance, which are of practical significance to promote the integrated urban-rural development and the healthy rural development in the region and to provide a reference of rural development for other areas of the country.
基金sponsored by the U.S.Department of Housing and Urban Development(Grant No.NJLTS0027-22)The opinions expressed in this study are the authors alone,and do not represent the U.S.Depart-ment of HUD’s opinions.
文摘This paper addresses urban sustainability challenges amid global urbanization, emphasizing the need for innova tive approaches aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals. While traditional tools and linear models offer insights, they fall short in presenting a holistic view of complex urban challenges. System dynamics (SD) models that are often utilized to provide holistic, systematic understanding of a research subject, like the urban system, emerge as valuable tools, but data scarcity and theoretical inadequacy pose challenges. The research reviews relevant papers on recent SD model applications in urban sustainability since 2018, categorizing them based on nine key indicators. Among the reviewed papers, data limitations and model assumptions were identified as ma jor challenges in applying SD models to urban sustainability. This led to exploring the transformative potential of big data analytics, a rare approach in this field as identified by this study, to enhance SD models’ empirical foundation. Integrating big data could provide data-driven calibration, potentially improving predictive accuracy and reducing reliance on simplified assumptions. The paper concludes by advocating for new approaches that reduce assumptions and promote real-time applicable models, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of urban sustainability through the synergy of big data and SD models.
文摘Patna is among the cities high populated at risk of ecological and environmental deterioration due to a variety of human activities,such as poor land cover management.One of the most crucial elements of a successful land resource management plan is the evaluation of Land Use Land Cover(LULC).Over the past 20 years,our planet’s land cover resources have undergone substantial changes due to rapid development.The Land Use Land Cover(LULC)categories of the Patna Urban Agglomeration(PUA),including water bodies,agricultural land,barren land,built-up areas,and vegetation,were identified using Geographic Information System(GIS)techniques.Three multi-temporal images were analyzed and classified through supervised classification using the maximum likelihood method.By comparing three separately created LULC categorized maps from 1990 and 2024,temporal changes were analyzed.In order to update land cover or manage natural resources,it is vital to use change detection as a tool to identify changes in LULC over time in PUA,Patna between 1990,2010 and 2024.According to their respective Kappa coefficients,the accuracy rates for 1990,2010 and 2024 LULC are 91.66 and 94.93,respectively.An accuracy evaluation was conducted to determine the correctness of the classification system and to determine the efficacy of the LULC classification maps.One hundred reference test pixels were identified.There have been found significant changes in the LULC were built up area has increased doubled in last thirty-four years of timeline.
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Project of the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic(No.21YJCZH099)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41401089 and 41741014)the Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province(No.2023NSFSC1979).
文摘Majority of carbon emissions originate from fossil energy consumption,thus necessitating calculation and monitoring of carbon emissions from energy consumption.In this study,we utilized energy consumption data from Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality for the years 2000 to 2019 to estimate their statistical carbon emissions.We then employed nighttime light data to downscale and infer the spatial distribution of carbon emissions at the county level within the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.Furthermore,we analyzed the spatial pattern of carbon emissions at the county level using the coefficient of variation and spatial autocorrelation,and we used the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression(GTWR)model to analyze the influencing factors of carbon emissions at this scale.The results of this study are as follows:(1)from 2000 to 2019,the overall carbon emissions in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration showed an increasing trend followed by a decrease,with an average annual growth rate of 4.24%.However,in recent years,it has stabilized,and 2012 was the peak year for carbon emissions in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration;(2)carbon emissions exhibited significant spatial clustering,with high-high clustering observed in the core urban areas of Chengdu and Chongqing and low-low clustering in the southern counties of the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration;(3)factors such as GDP,population(Pop),urbanization rate(Ur),and industrialization structure(Ic)all showed a significant influence on carbon emissions;(4)the spatial heterogeneity of each influencing factor was evident.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3104502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62301251)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China under Project(No.BK20220883)the open research fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,Southeast University,China(No.2024D04)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2023QNRC001).
文摘The environment of low-altitude urban airspace is complex and variable due to numerous obstacles,non-cooperative aircraft,and birds.Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)leveraging environmental information to achieve three-dimension collision-free trajectory planning is the prerequisite to ensure airspace security.However,the timely information of surrounding situation is difficult to acquire by UAVs,which further brings security risks.As a mature technology leveraged in traditional civil aviation,the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast(ADS-B)realizes continuous surveillance of the information of aircraft.Consequently,we leverage ADS-B for surveillance and information broadcasting,and divide the aerial airspace into multiple sub-airspaces to improve flight safety in UAV trajectory planning.In detail,we propose the secure Sub-airSpaces Planning(SSP)algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization Rapidly-exploring Random Trees(PSO-RRT)algorithm for the UAV trajectory planning in law-altitude airspace.The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulations and the results show that SSP reduces both the maximum number of UAVs in the sub-airspace and the length of the trajectory,and PSO-RRT reduces the cost of UAV trajectory in the sub-airspace.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3805100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52222811 and 52494963)。
文摘Earthquakes pose significant perils to the built environment in urban areas.To avert the calamitous aftermath of earthquakes,it is imperative to construct seismic resilient cities.Due to the intricacy of the concept of urban seismic resilience(USR),its assessment is a large-scale system engineering issue.The assessment of USR should be based on the notion of urban seismic capacity(USC)assessment,which includes casualties,economic loss,and recovery time as criteria.Functionality loss is also included in the assessment of USR in addition to these criteria.The assessment indicator system comprising five dimensions(building and lifeline infrastructure,environment,society,economy,and institution)and 20 indicators has been devised to quantify USR.The analytical hierarchy process(AHP)is utilized to compute the weights of the criteria,dimensions,and indicators in the urban seismic resilience assessment(USRA)indicator system.When the necessary data for a city are obtainable,the seismic resilience of that city can be assessed using this framework.To illustrate the proposed methodology,a moderate-sized city in China was selected as a case study.The assessment results indicate a high level of USR,suggesting that the city possesses strong capabilities to withstand and recover from potential future earthquakes.
文摘Land use transformations in Sonipat District,Haryana,driven by urbanization,industrialization,and land acquisitions,have posed significant ecological and socio-economic challenges,particularly concerning food security.This study investigates the interplay between these land use changes and their environmental implications at macro(district)and micro(village)levels,focusing on agricultural productivity and resource sustainability.The study employs a mixed-method approach,integrating secondary data from official datasets and primary data gathered through structured household surveys,focus group discussions,and visual analysis techniques.Data from 20 villages,selected based on predominant land use characteristics,were analysed using statistical and geospatial tools,including ArcGIS and STATA,to quantify food grain losses and evaluate environmental degradation.Findings of this study reveal a 19%reduction in agricultural land over two decades(2000-2024),correlating with increased residential and industrial areas.Groundwater resources face severe overexploitation,with pollution from industrial clusters further degrading water and soil quality.The study estimates a total food grain loss of 1.5 million kilograms across surveyed villages due to land acquisitions.A strong positive correlation(R^(2)=0.98)between land acquisition and food loss underscores the direct impact of urbanization on agricultural output.The research underscores the urgency of sustainable land management practices,including preserving agricultural lands,optimizing groundwater usage,and enhancing community involvement in planning.By addressing these challenges,the study advocates for balanced urban expansion and food security to ensure ecological and economic resilience in the region.
基金The Enhancement Project of Young Teachers Research Innovation Ability(JKC2022006)Beijing Municipal Higher Education Institutions’Teacher Team Construction Support Plan-High-Level Teaching Innovation Team(BPHR20220211)+1 种基金Beijing Higher Education Undergraduate Teaching Reform and Innovation Project(2023003)2024 Beijing University of Agriculture Student Party Members“Vanguard Force Action”Project。
文摘This paper discusses the development characteristics of urban horticulture under the background of smart agriculture,as well as the application of artificial intelligence technology in it.It analyzes the importance of highly skilled talents in urban agriculture in the era of smart agriculture and their cultivation pathways and practices.It proposes measures such as building multi-level practical teaching platforms,implementing the“Enjoy Horticulture”series of high-quality activities,and establishing the“1234”applied talent training model to cultivate high-quality talents that meet the development needs of modern urban horticulture industry.Taking Beijing University of Agriculture and other universities as examples,the paper analyzes the practical cases and effects of the urban horticulture discipline’s industry-education-research collaborative talent training model,which has reference significance for further improving and perfecting the urban horticulture industry-education-research collaborative talent training plan.
文摘With the progress of urbanization,urban landscape design has garnered increasing attention.Urban landscape design can not only reflect the construction level of a city but also has the functions of beautifying the urban environment and enhancing the city image.Modern art enriches the expression forms of urban landscape design,and its integration with urban landscape design can greatly improve the urban landscape.This article elaborated on the connotations of modern art and urban landscape design and analyzed the application of modern art in urban landscape design.The application of modern art can help to achieve the goal of urban landscape design to the maximum extent.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42371192)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ30100)Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.23ZDAJ023,23YBA133)。
文摘Cities are important carriers of green innovation.The foundation for accelerating China's ecological civilization construction and fostering regionally coordinated and sustainable development is quantitative analysis of the spatial evolution pattern and influencing factors of urban green innovation,as well as revealing the development differences between regions.This study's research object includes 284 Chinese cities that are at the prefecture level or above,excluding Xizang,Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan of China due to incomplete data.The spatial evolution characteristics of urban green innovation in China between 2005 and 2021 are comprehensively described using the gravity center model and boxplot analysis.The factors that affect urban green innovation are examined using the spatial Durbin model(SDM).The findings indicate that:1)over the period of the study,the gravity center of urban green innovation in China has always been distributed in the Henan-Anhui border region,showing a migration characteristic of‘initially shifting northeast,subsequently southeast',and the migration speed has gradually increased.2)Although there are also noticeable disparities in east-west,the north-south gap is the main cause of the shift in China's urban green innovation gravity center.The primary areas of urban green innovation in China are the cities with green innovation levels higher than the median.3)The main influencing factor of urban green innovation is the industrial structure level.The effect of the financial development level,the government intervention level,and the openness to the outside world degree on urban green innovation is weakened in turn.The environmental regulation degree is not truly influencing urban green innovation.The impact of various factors on green innovation across cities of different sizes,exhibiting heterogeneity.This study is conducive to broadening the academic community's comprehension of the spatial evolution characteristics of urban green innovation and offering a theoretical framework for developing policies for the all-encompassing green transformation of social and economic growth.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71821001,72371109,72071088,72074089,and 51938004)Strategic Study Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(2022-JB-02)Project of Interdisciplinary Research Support Program in Huazhong University of Science and Technology(2023-32)。
文摘The complexity of coupled risks,which refer to the compounded effects of interacting uncertainties across multiple interdependent objectives,is inherent to cities functioning as dynamic,interdependent systems.A disruption in one domain ripples across various urban systems,often with unforeseen consequences.Central to this complexity are people,whose behaviors,needs,and vulnerabilities shape risk evolution and response effectiveness.Realizing cities as complex systems centered on human needs and behaviors is essential to understanding the complexities of coupled urban risks.This paper adopts a complex systems perspective to examine the intricacies of coupled urban risks,emphasizing the critical role of human decisions and behavior in shaping these dynamics.We focus on two key dimensions:cascading hazards in urban environments and cascading failures across interdependent exposed systems in cities.Existing risk assessment models often fail to capture the complexity of these processes,particularly when factoring in human decision-making.To tackle these challenges,we advocate for a standardized taxonomy of cascading hazards,urban components,and their interactions.At its core is a people-centric perspective,emphasizing the bidirectional interactions between people and the systems that serve them.Building on this foundation,we argue the need for an integrated,people-centric risk assessment framework that evaluates event impacts in relation to the hierarchical needs of people and incorporates their preparedness and response capacities.By leveraging real-time data,advanced simulations,and innovative validation methods,this framework aims to enhance the accuracy of coupled urban risk modeling.To effectively manage coupled urban risks,cities can draw from proven strategies in real complex systems.However,given the escalating uncertainties and complexities associated with climate change,prioritizing people-centric strategies is crucial.This approach will empower cities to build resilience not only against known hazards but also against evolving and unforeseen challenges in an increasingly uncertain world.
