Body size control is fundamental to development and requires proper energy engagement.One of the key energy sensing factors is AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),which regulates glucose uptake to ensure ATP production...Body size control is fundamental to development and requires proper energy engagement.One of the key energy sensing factors is AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),which regulates glucose uptake to ensure ATP production and nutrition supply during development.Here,we identify that the mutation of xgr,a gene encoding an ATPase,results in a reduced body size in Drosophila.Xgr is primarily expressed in the epithelial cells of the Malpighian tubules and the midguts.Loss of xgr leads to the inactivation of the AMPK signaling due to an increased ATP level.Glucose reabsorption in the Malpighian tubules is significantly reduced,as the Glut1 translocation to the plasma membrane is significantly disrupted in the absence of Xgr function.Our results suggest that Xgr function in the Malpighian tubules is essential to systemic glucose supply and energy homeostasis at the organismal level,thereby impacting body size.Our findings provide a mechanistic connection between energy homeostasis and animal size control during development.展开更多
Ammonium toxicity in plants remains poorly understood despite extensive research.While nitrate is known to benefit plant growth,the synergistic effects of nitrate in mitigating ammonium toxicity,even at low concentrat...Ammonium toxicity in plants remains poorly understood despite extensive research.While nitrate is known to benefit plant growth,the synergistic effects of nitrate in mitigating ammonium toxicity,even at low concentrations,are not fully elucidated.This review delves into the physiological and molecular nature of this phenomenon.To date,nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity is the result of cumulative consequences of the role of nitrate as a nutrient and signal in plant performance.The ability to counteract the ammonium-induced acidification through nitrate uptake and metabolism,the enhancement of potassium uptake as an essential nitrate counterion,and the nitratedependent signaling of key factors involved in ammonium assimilation,ROS scavenging,and growth hormone biosynthesis,are the most relevant hallmarks.In addition,evidence suggests that the availability of nitrate and ammonium has driven ecological selection in plants,determining current N preferences,and may have led to the selection of nitrate-dependent and ammonium-sensitive domesticated crops and the inefficient use of N fertilizers in agriculture.As ammonium toxicity limits N fertilization options and reduces agricultural yields,when it could be a more sustainable and cheaper alternative to nitrate,this review provides a better understanding of how plants use nitrate to counteract the problematic aspects of ammonium nutrition.展开更多
Carnauba wax-structured soybean oil oleogels were developed as alternative frying media for proso millet rice cake processing.Optimal practical properties were identified in the 8%wax concentration through evaluations...Carnauba wax-structured soybean oil oleogels were developed as alternative frying media for proso millet rice cake processing.Optimal practical properties were identified in the 8%wax concentration through evaluations conducted via polarized light microscopy,oil holding capacity,freeze-thaw stability,and rheological analysis.Oleogel-fried cakes were found to exhibit 6.69%–19.98%lower oil absorption compared to soybean oil-fried samples during 0–18 h frying.The corresponding low-field NMR results demonstrated that the percentage of the relaxation peak area attributed to oil content in oleogel-fried proso millet rice cakes was also reduced.The lipid oxidation rates were significantly reduced in oleogels(P<0.05),with total polar compounds(9.89%–22.81%)and acid values(4.21%–24.37%)decreased while thermal stability was maintained.Saturated fatty acid levels in oleogel were reduced by 3.18%–7.26%after frying for 12–18 h.Texture properties were slightly affected whereas color attributes were significantly improved.Enhanced texture,flavor,hardness,and mouthfeel in oleogel-fried products were confirmed through sensory evaluation.Volatile components,particularly ketones and esters were significantly increased in rice cakes fried with oleogel.These results might offer novel insights for advancement of future low-oil frying technologies and expand the application of oleogels.展开更多
Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful predictor of mortality and chronic disease risk,yet global patterns and determinants of CRF remain poorly defined,particularly in females and underrepresented pop...Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful predictor of mortality and chronic disease risk,yet global patterns and determinants of CRF remain poorly defined,particularly in females and underrepresented populations.We conducted a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of directly measured peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2peak))internationally and examined its association with human development and gender ine quality.Methods:Studies were eligible if VO_(2peak)was assessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing,and if the countries had scores for the Human Development Index(HDI)and Gender Inequality Index(GII).Studies were identified through MEDLINE/PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,and Web of Science.Risks of bias were assessed by an adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Multivariable linear regression models examined associations between VO_(2peak),age,sex,exercise modality,HDI,GII,and study year.Results:Data included 95 studies from 24 countries with HDI and GII scores,comprising 119,435 adults(42%females)with VO_(2peak)assessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing.The risk of bias was low.VO_(2peak)was positively associated with HDI(β=14.1)and negatively associated with GII(β=-3.6).Slightly stronger associations were observed in females than males(HDI:β=18.9 vs.β=13.9,GII:β=-4.6vs.β=-3.6).Young females in middle-HDI countries had higher VO_(2peak)than those in low-HDI countries(31.2mL/kg/min vs.28.5 mL/kg/min),with limited additional gams in high-HDI contexts.VO_(2peak)decreased with higher gender inequality,with the largest disparities observed in young females between high-and low-GII countries(26.3 mL/kg/min vs.32.8 mL/kg/min).Conclusion:Global variation in CRF is tied to national levels of human development and gender equality.These findings support prioritizing structural and policy-level interventions that address social and gender disparities in physical activity access and health promotion.Studies from countries with lower HDI and information on ethnicity and socioeconomic status will bridge crucial gaps in understanding factors involved in global CRF levels.展开更多
Background:Despite highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2,COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy persisted in some populations in England during the pandemic,with rates and motivations for hesitancy varying by demographic g...Background:Despite highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2,COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy persisted in some populations in England during the pandemic,with rates and motivations for hesitancy varying by demographic group.Addressing the drivers of vaccine hesitancy through targeted interventions in hesitant groups is a public health priority for better and more rapid control of disease spread.We aimed to characterise the determinants and subtypes of vaccine hesitancy and identify more persistent forms of hesitancy via analysis of vaccine uptake in a large cross-sectional cohort with linked National Health Service(NHS)data.展开更多
Nitrogen use efficiency in rice is lower than in upland crops,likely due to differences in soil nitrogen dynamics and crop nitrogen preferences.However,the specific nitrogen dynamics in paddy and upland systems and th...Nitrogen use efficiency in rice is lower than in upland crops,likely due to differences in soil nitrogen dynamics and crop nitrogen preferences.However,the specific nitrogen dynamics in paddy and upland systems and their impact on crop nitrogen uptake remain poorly understood.The N dynamics and impact on crop N uptake determine the downstream environmental pollution from nitrogen fertilizer.To address this poor understanding,we analyzed 2,044 observations of gross nitrogen transformation rates in soils from 136 studies to examine nitrogen dynamics in both systems and their effects on nitrogen uptake in rice and upland crops.Our findings revealed that nitrogen mineralization and autotrophic nitrification rates are lower in paddies than in upland soil,while dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium is higher in paddies,these differences being driven by flooding and lower total nitrogen content in paddies.Rice exhibited higher ammonium uptake,while upland crops had over twice the nitrate uptake.Autotrophic nitrification stimulated by p H reduced rice nitrogen uptake,while heterotrophic nitrification enhanced nitrogen uptake of upland crops.Autotrophic nitrification played a key role in regulating the ammonium-to-nitrate ratio in soils,which further affected the balance of plant nitrogen uptake.These results highlight the need to align soil nitrogen dynamics with crop nitrogen preferences to maximize plant maximize productivity and reduce reactive nitrogen pollution.展开更多
In this study,two wheat-derived cadmium(Cd)-immobilizing endophytic Pseudomonas paralactis M14 and Priestia megaterium R27 were evaluated for their effects on wheat tissue Cd uptake under hydroponic conditions.Then,th...In this study,two wheat-derived cadmium(Cd)-immobilizing endophytic Pseudomonas paralactis M14 and Priestia megaterium R27 were evaluated for their effects on wheat tissue Cd uptake under hydroponic conditions.Then,the impacts of the biochar(BC),M14+R27(MR),and BC+MR treatments on wheat Cd uptake and the mechanisms involved were investigated at the jointing,heading,and mature stages of wheat plants under field-plot conditions.A hydroponic experiment showed that the MR treatment significantly decreased the above-ground tissue Cd content compared with theM14 or R27 treatment.The BC+MRtreatment reduced the grain Cd content by 51.5%-67.7%and Cd translocation factor at the mature stage of wheat plants and increased the organic matter-bound Cd content by 31%-75%in the rhizosphere soils compared with the BC or MR treatment.Compared with the BC or MR treatment,the relative abundances of the biomarkers associated with Gemmatimonas,Altererythrobacter,Gammaproteobacteria,Xanthomonadaceae,Phenylobacterium,and Nocardioides in the BC+MR-treated rhizosphere microbiome decreased and negatively correlated with the organic matter-bound Cd contents.In the BC+MR-treated root interior microbiome,the relative abundance of the biomarker belonging to Exiguobacterium increased and negatively correlated with the Cd translocation factor,while the relative abundance of the biomarker belonging to Pseudonocardiaceae decreased and positively correlated with the Cd translocation factor.Our findings suggested that the BC+MR treatment reduced Cd availability and Cd transfer through affecting the abundances of these specific biomarkers in the rhizosphere soil and root interior microbiomes,leading to decreased wheat grain Cd uptake in the contaminated soil.展开更多
Asian cultivated rice is one of the most important cereal crops globally,feeding approximately 50%of the world's population.Increasing rice nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)is crucial for achieving high yields with low...Asian cultivated rice is one of the most important cereal crops globally,feeding approximately 50%of the world's population.Increasing rice nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)is crucial for achieving high yields with low nitrogen inputs(Xu et al.,2012;Hu et al.,2023).However,modern cultivars are typically bred for high yields through excessive nitrogen fertilizer use,leading to the loss of beneficial alleles associated with high NUE during the breeding process(Wang and Peng,2017;Hu et al.,2023).Genetic improvement for high NUE should be a key strategy in breeding“Green Super Rice”(GSR)(Yu et al.,2021)and water-saving and drought-resistance rice(WDR)(Luo,2010;Xia et al.,2022)for sustainable agriculture.Asian cultivated rice is highly diverse and harbors vital genetic variants essential for adaptation to different environments(Wing et al.,2018).展开更多
Various technologies and projects have been explored and developed for the synergetic control of environmental pollution and carbon emissions in aquatic ecosystems.Planting submerged vegetation in shallow waters was a...Various technologies and projects have been explored and developed for the synergetic control of environmental pollution and carbon emissions in aquatic ecosystems.Planting submerged vegetation in shallow waters was also expected to achieve this purpose.However,the magnitude and mechanism of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission affected by submerged vegetation is not clear enough in complex aquatic ecosystems.This study investigated the influences of submerged plants on CO_(2)emission,ecosystem metabolism features,and microbial community traits based on observations in river networks on the Changjiang River Delta.The results showed that CO_(2)emission from planted waters accounted for 73%of unplanted waters.Meanwhile,planted waters had higher dissolved organic carbon removal capacity in overlying water and higher potential of carbon sequestration in sediment at the same time.These distinctions between the two habitats were attributed to(1)improved CO_(2)and bicarbonate consumption in water columns via enhancing photosynthesis and(2)inhibited CO_(2)production by reconstructing the benthic microbial community.Additional eco-advantages were found in planted sediments,such as a high potential of methane oxidation and xenobiotics biodegradation and a low risk of becoming black and odorous.In brief,submerged vegetation is beneficial in promoting pollution removal and carbon retention synchronously.This study advances our understanding of the feedback between aquatic metabolism and CO_(2)emission.展开更多
A field trial to evaluate the growth and nutrient uptake of cocoa intercropped with coconut was conducted in Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria(CRIN)Headquarters,Idi-Ayunre,Ibadan,Oyo State between 2019 and 2022.Ther...A field trial to evaluate the growth and nutrient uptake of cocoa intercropped with coconut was conducted in Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria(CRIN)Headquarters,Idi-Ayunre,Ibadan,Oyo State between 2019 and 2022.There were four treatments comprising of cocoa sole,cocoa/plantain,cocoa/coconut and cocoa/coconut/plantain intercrop.The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block(RCB)replicated three times.Result obtained showed that cocoa/plantain was significantly higher(p<0.05)than all other treatments in all parameters considered and closely followed by cocoa/coconut,then cocoa sole with cocoa/plantain/coconut giving the least performance.The same trend was observed in the nutrient uptake.It was also observed in the trial that the two crops:cocoa and coconut did not show any deleterious effect on their growth when intercropped together.This showed that the two crops are compatible when grown on the same piece of land.Therefore,cocoa/coconut intercrop could be recommended to cocoa farmers in south west Nigeria to increase their revenue generation when coconut starts bearing fruit instead of sole planting of cocoa.展开更多
Objective:To assess comprehensive abortion care(CAC)services uptake and barriers to it in selected representative units of the three tier health care in the district of Malda in West Bengal,India.Methods:We conducted ...Objective:To assess comprehensive abortion care(CAC)services uptake and barriers to it in selected representative units of the three tier health care in the district of Malda in West Bengal,India.Methods:We conducted community-based,concurrent,parallel mixed methods study.Quantitative assessment of knowledge of primary health care workers on CAC and appropriate infrastructure assessment was done.Qualitative methods were used to identify themes affecting uptake of quality care among stakeholders.Results:A total of 48 staff nurses and 133 auxiliary nurses and midwives were included in the study.About half of nurses(of total 48)who were second tier health care provider and two thirds(of total 133)of first tier health care provider had incorrect knowledge about legality of abortion.Only 40%mothers seeking abortion were accompanied to subcentre by primary health care worker.At the third tier health care site,physicians insisted on necessity of refresher training.Suboptimal uptake of available CAC services was due to lack of enabling environment.Lack of updated training across health care workers was observed.Conclusions:Health care providers at the community level were unaware of facilities available for mothers seeking abortion.Higher level health care providers were unsure of specific knowledge about legal permissibility and sterilization of apparatus for abortion.At the highest level,more training on medical methods of abortion was required.The problems identified are amenable to correction,and some administrative and service-related provision on appropriate measures may lead to immediate success.展开更多
A controlled pot experiment was carried out to examine the interactive effects of salinity stress and biochar on the growth,nutrient uptake,and soil microbial dynamics of Lablab purpureus.Results showed that wheat hus...A controlled pot experiment was carried out to examine the interactive effects of salinity stress and biochar on the growth,nutrient uptake,and soil microbial dynamics of Lablab purpureus.Results showed that wheat husk biochar significantly(p<0.05)enhanced plant growth parameters compared to controls.Plant height increased by c.53%,root length by 37%,fresh weight by 125%,and dry weight by 92%in wheat husk char treated soil under non-saline conditions.Wheat husk char also significantly increased pod number and node count per plant by c.42%and 28%respectively.Nutrient analysis revealed higher concentrations of N(~6%),P(~0.3%),and K(~2%)in wheat husk biochar treatments,while salinity reduced nutrient uptake across all treatments.Although the number of flowers increased by c.75%,the difference was not statistically significant.Although 16S rRNA gene copy numbers did not show significant changes in biochar treatments,enhanced microbial function indicated improved nutrient cycling and ecosystem functionality.Overall,the findings suggest that biochar can mitigate the adverse effects of salinity by improving plant physiological traits and stimulating microbial activity.This highlights biochar’s potential as an ecological tool for sustainable agriculture,biodiversity enhancement,and ecosystem restoration in saline affected areas.展开更多
Dear Editor,The Hans Chinese(HC)ethnic group,comprising approximately 1.4 billion individuals,represents the largest workforce globally.Historically,HC has been predominantly isolated from other ethnic groups for over...Dear Editor,The Hans Chinese(HC)ethnic group,comprising approximately 1.4 billion individuals,represents the largest workforce globally.Historically,HC has been predominantly isolated from other ethnic groups for over 3 millennia,resulting in distinct genetic and physiological characteristics[1,2].Consequently,the energy required to maintain essential functions,represented by the basal metabolic rate(BMR),cannot be accurately assessed in HC with algorithms developed for European-American(EA)populations,even when controlling for diff erences in body size[3].Notably,the widely used Harris-Benedict equation tends to overestimate BMR,relative to measured BMR via indirect calorimetry,in more than 50%of HC individuals[3].Hence,HC generally expends less energy than EA under basal(resting)conditions.This raises an important question:does HC require lower energy expenditure than EA for equivalent external work?Th e present aimed to address this inquiry,while adjusting for key confounding factors such as age,sex,physical activity,aerobic capacity,BMR,and body composition.展开更多
We investigated the effects of high-intensity intermittent cross-training(HIICT)on maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2)max).The HIICT consisted of alternating intermittent 20-s treadmill running(1^(st),3^(rd),5^(th),and 7^(th...We investigated the effects of high-intensity intermittent cross-training(HIICT)on maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2)max).The HIICT consisted of alternating intermittent 20-s treadmill running(1^(st),3^(rd),5^(th),and 7^(th) bouts)and 20-s bicycle exercise(2^(nd),4^(th),and 6^(th) bouts)with a 10-s rest period.Each intensity for running and bicycling of the HIICT corresponded to an oxygen demand of~160% and~170%of the VO_(2)max,respectively.Fifteen healthy young males(aged[24±1]yrs)were randomly assigned to training(TG,n?8)and non-training control(CG,n?7)groups.The TG completed this HIICT daily 4 days/week for 6 weeks.Significant group×time interactions were observed for both the running and bicycling VO_(2)max(p<0.001 each).After the training,the VO_(2)max for both running([57.4±4.8]mL·kg^(-1)·min^(-1))and bicycling([50.6±3.7]mL·kg^(-1)·min^(-1))in the TG were significantly higher than those for running([50.1±3.1]mL·kg^(-1)·min^(-1))and bicycling([43.7±3.6]mL·kg^(-1)·min^(-1))in the CG,respectively(p<0.01 each).Post-hoc tests revealed a significant increase in VO_(2)max for running and bicycling in the TG after the HIICT(p<0.001 each)but no significant difference in the CG.These results demonstrated that the newly developed HIICT increases the VO_(2)max for both running and bicycling.展开更多
Rice(Oryza sativa L.)root characteristics are closely associated with nitrogen(N)uptake,root growth and development are greatly influenced by ethylene.In this study,a hydroponic experiment was conducted using four ric...Rice(Oryza sativa L.)root characteristics are closely associated with nitrogen(N)uptake,root growth and development are greatly influenced by ethylene.In this study,a hydroponic experiment was conducted using four rice genotypes[Shanyou 63(SY63)and Zhonghua 11(ZH11)with well–developed aerenchyma;Yangdao 6(YD6)and mutant rcn1 from ZH11 with less–developed aerenchyma]to investigate the effects of exogenous ethephon(Eth)on root characteristics,N uptake,dry matter distribution,and clarify the underlying relationship.Compared with YD6 and rcn1,SY63 and ZH11 had higher N accumulation,higher root aerenchyma area to cortex area ratio(ACR),higher NH_(4)^(+)uptake via the apoplasmic pathway and root-to-shoot NH_(4)^(+)translocation under no ethephon application(NEth)and Eth treatment,and elevated expression of the three genes(OsAMT1;2,OsAMT2;2,and OsAMT4;1)for ammonium transporters under Eth treatment.Eth treatment increased shoot N and dry matter accumulation,decreased the total root length and root diameter,and increased ACR and the expression of OsAMT genes in four genotypes.In summary,Eth could increase N accumulation via modifying root characteristics in rice,particularly by enlarging root aerenchyma and thinning the roots.The findings provide implications for development of elite rice varieties and green rice production with higher N efficiency.展开更多
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are of great concern because they threaten pri-mary productivity,but their specific effects on ecosystem functioning are scarce,hindering a comprehensive understanding of their ec...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are of great concern because they threaten pri-mary productivity,but their specific effects on ecosystem functioning are scarce,hindering a comprehensive understanding of their ecological risks,especially in eutrophicwaters.The present study was conducted by adding PAHs to four marine phytoplankton species and showed that naphthalene(Nap)and phenanthrene(Phe)induced both stimulatory and in-hibitory effects(>50%)on urea and NO_(3)−uptake by phytoplankton species.In addition,the apparent stimulative effects(>50%)for NH_(4)^(+)were also observed.Overall,38.9%of the sam-ples exhibited stimulation effects after 24 h exposure,which increased to 61.1%after 96 h exposure.This suggested the existence of a lag period,during which a tolerant cell popula-tion could adapt to PAHs.Significant positive correlations(P<0.01)between low and high concentrations of PAH individuals demonstrated that the mode of action for both pollutants on nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton was the same.Species-specific responses were also observed,with 19.0%of Thalassiosira sp.and 24.0%of Tetraselmis sp.exhibited inhibition effects greater than 50%,while 40.9%of Karlodinium veneficum and 27.3%of Rhodomonas salina demonstrated stimulation effects exceeding 50%,providing a unique perspective for exploring the harmful algal bloom of the mixotrophic K.veneficum,in addition to the original consideration of nutrients.The internal mechanisms may lie in differences in energy consumption between N-forms,exposure time and chemical concentrations,aswell as mor-phological characteristics and biochemical structures of the species,which require further investigation.展开更多
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not naturally capable of efficiently utilizing xylose as a carbon source.When cultured with lignocellulosic hydrolysates containing pretreatment-derived inhibitors,S.cerevisiae suffers from...Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not naturally capable of efficiently utilizing xylose as a carbon source.When cultured with lignocellulosic hydrolysates containing pretreatment-derived inhibitors,S.cerevisiae suffers from much lower sugar uptake,ethanol yield and fermentation efficiency.Thus,considering efficient xylose conversion into ethanol during non-detoxified hydrolysate culture,genetic engineering and adaptive evolution of S.cerevisiae might be a promising joint strategy for improving xylose uptake and ethanol production.In this study,an inhibitor-tolerant strain S.cerevisiae SPSC01-TAF94 was genetically engineered by overexpressing both xylose transport-and metabolism-related genes(N360F,Ru-xyl A,TAL1,TKL1,RKI1 and RPE1),yielding the xylose-utilizing strain TAF94-X,followed by three-stage adaptation in non-detoxified corn stover hydrolysate containing 5 g·L^(-1)acetic acid,0.32 g·L^(-1)furfural,0.17 g·L(-1)HMF and 0.19 g·L^(-1)vanillin as the major inhibitors as well as 20,40 and 60 g·L^(-1)xylose adjusted as the major carbon source,respectively.Finally,an active xylose-utilizing and ethanolproducing strain TAF94-X60 was obtained,which achieved 44.9 g·L^(-1)ethanol with yield of0.41 g·g^(-1),productivity of 0.62 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)and xylose consumption rate of 0.42 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)during hydrolysate culture,compared to those of 36.5 g·L^(-1),0.38 g·g^(-1),0.50 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)and 0.20 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)obtained with the control strain TAF94-X.The proposed joint strategy effectively utilizes hydrolyzed sugars while eliminating the need for conventional detoxification or water washing processes,thus enhancing the economic feasibility of large-scale lignocellulosic ethanol production.展开更多
Corn(Zea mays L.)is a very sensitive crop to phosphorus(P)deficiency during the early development phase,which may be a limiting factor for the sustainable production of this crop in P-deficient tropical soils.However,...Corn(Zea mays L.)is a very sensitive crop to phosphorus(P)deficiency during the early development phase,which may be a limiting factor for the sustainable production of this crop in P-deficient tropical soils.However,scientific evidence indicates that inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can improve the development,uptake,and P-use efficiency of corn plants.In the present study,two contrasting corn hybrids were investigated for their responsiveness to multiple inoculations of Bacillus subtilis,B.megaterium,B.velezencis,and Pseudomonas fluorescens and application of phosphate fertilizer rates in the sandy soil of the Brazilian Cerrado.Plants from stable(DKB 360 PRO3)and responsive(DKB 255 PRO3)corn hybrids were inoculated with 0 and 2 mL of inoculant containing multiple phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and fertilized with low(0 mg P·kg^(-1)),medium(40 mg P·kg^(-1))and high(80 mg P·kg^(-1))levels of phosphate fertilizer using triple superphosphate(46% of P_(2)O_(5)).Treatments were distributed in a randomized block design using 2×2×3 factorial scheme,with four replicates.Plants were grown in 8-L pots for 70 days under greenhouse conditions.Morphological characteristics,leaf P concentration,and P use efficiency of corn plants were evaluated.Our results showed that the multiple inoculations of Bacillus subtilis,B.megaterium,B.velezencis,and Pseudomonas fluorescens are a promising sustainable agricultural practice to be recommended for corn cultivation,especially because it improves the development and P use efficiency of plants fertilized with medium P levels,which reduces the costs associated with mineral phosphate fertilization,a non-renewable fertilizer source.In sandy tropical soilwith low P availability,applying intermediate rates of highly soluble phosphate fertilizer,such as triple superphosphate,is sufficient to maximize plant development and the nutritional status of corn crops for sustainable production with low environmental impact.展开更多
Iron(Fe)is a micronutrient for living organisms,and maintenance of Fe homeostasis is required for normal physiological functions.In this study,we report the function of a plasma membrane localized transporter(Polyol t...Iron(Fe)is a micronutrient for living organisms,and maintenance of Fe homeostasis is required for normal physiological functions.In this study,we report the function of a plasma membrane localized transporter(Polyol transporter 8,TaPLT8)in wheat,which is regarded as a novel regulator for Fe transport.TaPLT8 is specifically expressed in wheat roots and is induced by environmental Fe.Knockout of TaPLT8 increased Fe accumulation in roots but resulted in decreased Fe levels in shoots and grain.The change was caused by an altered tolerance or increased susceptibility to excessive environmental Fe in the vicinity of wheat roots,and inhibited root growth.Overexpression of TaPLT8A improved Fe transport from roots to shoots and grains,and increased grain Fe levels by up to 14.46%.Compared to wild type(WT)plants,the levels of Citrate and Fe levels in xylem sap were significantly decreased in taplt8 mutants but significantly increased in TaPLT8 OE lines.Transcriptome analysis of taplt8 mutants indicated that TaPLT8 affected citrate levels by influencing glycolysis and the citrate cycle pathway in roots,thus impacting Fe translocation.The findings demonstrated that TaPLT8 mediates Fe distribution in wheat roots and shoots,contributing to greater understanding of the contribution of TaPLT8 to Fe accumulation in grains.展开更多
This research explores the water uptake behavior of glass fiber/epoxy composites filled with nanoclay and establishes an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)to predict water uptake percentage fromexperimental parameters.Com...This research explores the water uptake behavior of glass fiber/epoxy composites filled with nanoclay and establishes an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)to predict water uptake percentage fromexperimental parameters.Composite laminates are fabricated with varying glass fiber(40-60 wt.%)and nanoclay(0-4 wt.%)contents.Water absorption is evaluated for 70 days of immersion following ASTM D570-98 standards.The inclusion of nanoclay reduces water uptake by creating a tortuous path for moisture diffusion due to its high aspect ratio and platelet morphology,thereby enhancing the composite’s barrier properties.The ANN model is developed with a 3-4-1 feedforward structure and learned through the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm with soaking time(7 to 70 days),fiber content(40,50,and 60 wt.%)and nanoclay content(0,2,and 4 wt.%)as input parameters.The model’s output is the water uptake percentage.The model has high prediction efficiency,with a correlation coefficient(R)of 0.998 and a mean squared error of 1.38×10^(-4).Experimental and predicted values are in excellent agreement,ensuring the reliability of the ANN for the simulation of nonlinear water absorption behavior.The results identify the synergistic capability of nanoclay and fiber concentration to reduce water absorption and prove the feasibility of ANN as a substitute for time-consuming testing in composite durability estimation.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0805800,2023YFE0107700,and 2020YFA0803202 to R.J.),the 111 Project(D18010 to R.J.)the Guangzhou Medical University Discipline Construction Funds(Basic Medicine)(JCXKJS2022A02 to R.J.)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010752 to C.W.)the Special Innovation Projects of Universities in Guangdong Province(2022KTSCx096 to C.W.).
文摘Body size control is fundamental to development and requires proper energy engagement.One of the key energy sensing factors is AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),which regulates glucose uptake to ensure ATP production and nutrition supply during development.Here,we identify that the mutation of xgr,a gene encoding an ATPase,results in a reduced body size in Drosophila.Xgr is primarily expressed in the epithelial cells of the Malpighian tubules and the midguts.Loss of xgr leads to the inactivation of the AMPK signaling due to an increased ATP level.Glucose reabsorption in the Malpighian tubules is significantly reduced,as the Glut1 translocation to the plasma membrane is significantly disrupted in the absence of Xgr function.Our results suggest that Xgr function in the Malpighian tubules is essential to systemic glucose supply and energy homeostasis at the organismal level,thereby impacting body size.Our findings provide a mechanistic connection between energy homeostasis and animal size control during development.
基金funding from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)supported by an MCIN Ry C Programme MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033+2 种基金by the ‘European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR’ under grant no. RYC2021-032345-Isupported by the AEI (grant no. PID2019-107463RJ-I00/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033)the Regional Research and Development Programme of the Government of Navarre (call 2019, project Nitro Healthy, PC068)
文摘Ammonium toxicity in plants remains poorly understood despite extensive research.While nitrate is known to benefit plant growth,the synergistic effects of nitrate in mitigating ammonium toxicity,even at low concentrations,are not fully elucidated.This review delves into the physiological and molecular nature of this phenomenon.To date,nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity is the result of cumulative consequences of the role of nitrate as a nutrient and signal in plant performance.The ability to counteract the ammonium-induced acidification through nitrate uptake and metabolism,the enhancement of potassium uptake as an essential nitrate counterion,and the nitratedependent signaling of key factors involved in ammonium assimilation,ROS scavenging,and growth hormone biosynthesis,are the most relevant hallmarks.In addition,evidence suggests that the availability of nitrate and ammonium has driven ecological selection in plants,determining current N preferences,and may have led to the selection of nitrate-dependent and ammonium-sensitive domesticated crops and the inefficient use of N fertilizers in agriculture.As ammonium toxicity limits N fertilization options and reduces agricultural yields,when it could be a more sustainable and cheaper alternative to nitrate,this review provides a better understanding of how plants use nitrate to counteract the problematic aspects of ammonium nutrition.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund(NO:322019447)Yulin city 2nd Science and Technology Light“Scientist+Engineer”Team Project(2024-KJZG-K+G-017)Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(2024RS-CXTD-70)for the financial support.
文摘Carnauba wax-structured soybean oil oleogels were developed as alternative frying media for proso millet rice cake processing.Optimal practical properties were identified in the 8%wax concentration through evaluations conducted via polarized light microscopy,oil holding capacity,freeze-thaw stability,and rheological analysis.Oleogel-fried cakes were found to exhibit 6.69%–19.98%lower oil absorption compared to soybean oil-fried samples during 0–18 h frying.The corresponding low-field NMR results demonstrated that the percentage of the relaxation peak area attributed to oil content in oleogel-fried proso millet rice cakes was also reduced.The lipid oxidation rates were significantly reduced in oleogels(P<0.05),with total polar compounds(9.89%–22.81%)and acid values(4.21%–24.37%)decreased while thermal stability was maintained.Saturated fatty acid levels in oleogel were reduced by 3.18%–7.26%after frying for 12–18 h.Texture properties were slightly affected whereas color attributes were significantly improved.Enhanced texture,flavor,hardness,and mouthfeel in oleogel-fried products were confirmed through sensory evaluation.Volatile components,particularly ketones and esters were significantly increased in rice cakes fried with oleogel.These results might offer novel insights for advancement of future low-oil frying technologies and expand the application of oleogels.
基金NJP holds a Future Leader Award from the Novo Nordisk Foundation and European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes(NNF/EFSD NNF21SA0072747)a grant from the Diabetes Wellness Network Sverige(PG21-6524)+5 种基金supported by the Swedish Research Council(2015-00165)the European Research Council(ERC-2023-Ad G 101142093)a Wallenberg Scholars Award from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation(KAW 2023.0312)the Swedish Research Council for Sport Science(P2023-0093)The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research is an independent research center at the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen,Denmark partially funded by an unrestricted donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF18CC0034900,NNF23SA0084103)supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Strategic Research Program in Diabetes at Karolinska Institutet。
文摘Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful predictor of mortality and chronic disease risk,yet global patterns and determinants of CRF remain poorly defined,particularly in females and underrepresented populations.We conducted a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of directly measured peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2peak))internationally and examined its association with human development and gender ine quality.Methods:Studies were eligible if VO_(2peak)was assessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing,and if the countries had scores for the Human Development Index(HDI)and Gender Inequality Index(GII).Studies were identified through MEDLINE/PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,and Web of Science.Risks of bias were assessed by an adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Multivariable linear regression models examined associations between VO_(2peak),age,sex,exercise modality,HDI,GII,and study year.Results:Data included 95 studies from 24 countries with HDI and GII scores,comprising 119,435 adults(42%females)with VO_(2peak)assessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing.The risk of bias was low.VO_(2peak)was positively associated with HDI(β=14.1)and negatively associated with GII(β=-3.6).Slightly stronger associations were observed in females than males(HDI:β=18.9 vs.β=13.9,GII:β=-4.6vs.β=-3.6).Young females in middle-HDI countries had higher VO_(2peak)than those in low-HDI countries(31.2mL/kg/min vs.28.5 mL/kg/min),with limited additional gams in high-HDI contexts.VO_(2peak)decreased with higher gender inequality,with the largest disparities observed in young females between high-and low-GII countries(26.3 mL/kg/min vs.32.8 mL/kg/min).Conclusion:Global variation in CRF is tied to national levels of human development and gender equality.These findings support prioritizing structural and policy-level interventions that address social and gender disparities in physical activity access and health promotion.Studies from countries with lower HDI and information on ethnicity and socioeconomic status will bridge crucial gaps in understanding factors involved in global CRF levels.
文摘Background:Despite highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2,COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy persisted in some populations in England during the pandemic,with rates and motivations for hesitancy varying by demographic group.Addressing the drivers of vaccine hesitancy through targeted interventions in hesitant groups is a public health priority for better and more rapid control of disease spread.We aimed to characterise the determinants and subtypes of vaccine hesitancy and identify more persistent forms of hesitancy via analysis of vaccine uptake in a large cross-sectional cohort with linked National Health Service(NHS)data.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD1501602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42407437)conducted as part of the Coordinated Research Project D1.50.16,implemented by the Soil and Water Management and Crop Nutrition Section of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture,Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications,Vienna,Austria。
文摘Nitrogen use efficiency in rice is lower than in upland crops,likely due to differences in soil nitrogen dynamics and crop nitrogen preferences.However,the specific nitrogen dynamics in paddy and upland systems and their impact on crop nitrogen uptake remain poorly understood.The N dynamics and impact on crop N uptake determine the downstream environmental pollution from nitrogen fertilizer.To address this poor understanding,we analyzed 2,044 observations of gross nitrogen transformation rates in soils from 136 studies to examine nitrogen dynamics in both systems and their effects on nitrogen uptake in rice and upland crops.Our findings revealed that nitrogen mineralization and autotrophic nitrification rates are lower in paddies than in upland soil,while dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium is higher in paddies,these differences being driven by flooding and lower total nitrogen content in paddies.Rice exhibited higher ammonium uptake,while upland crops had over twice the nitrate uptake.Autotrophic nitrification stimulated by p H reduced rice nitrogen uptake,while heterotrophic nitrification enhanced nitrogen uptake of upland crops.Autotrophic nitrification played a key role in regulating the ammonium-to-nitrate ratio in soils,which further affected the balance of plant nitrogen uptake.These results highlight the need to align soil nitrogen dynamics with crop nitrogen preferences to maximize plant maximize productivity and reduce reactive nitrogen pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41977199).
文摘In this study,two wheat-derived cadmium(Cd)-immobilizing endophytic Pseudomonas paralactis M14 and Priestia megaterium R27 were evaluated for their effects on wheat tissue Cd uptake under hydroponic conditions.Then,the impacts of the biochar(BC),M14+R27(MR),and BC+MR treatments on wheat Cd uptake and the mechanisms involved were investigated at the jointing,heading,and mature stages of wheat plants under field-plot conditions.A hydroponic experiment showed that the MR treatment significantly decreased the above-ground tissue Cd content compared with theM14 or R27 treatment.The BC+MRtreatment reduced the grain Cd content by 51.5%-67.7%and Cd translocation factor at the mature stage of wheat plants and increased the organic matter-bound Cd content by 31%-75%in the rhizosphere soils compared with the BC or MR treatment.Compared with the BC or MR treatment,the relative abundances of the biomarkers associated with Gemmatimonas,Altererythrobacter,Gammaproteobacteria,Xanthomonadaceae,Phenylobacterium,and Nocardioides in the BC+MR-treated rhizosphere microbiome decreased and negatively correlated with the organic matter-bound Cd contents.In the BC+MR-treated root interior microbiome,the relative abundance of the biomarker belonging to Exiguobacterium increased and negatively correlated with the Cd translocation factor,while the relative abundance of the biomarker belonging to Pseudonocardiaceae decreased and positively correlated with the Cd translocation factor.Our findings suggested that the BC+MR treatment reduced Cd availability and Cd transfer through affecting the abundances of these specific biomarkers in the rhizosphere soil and root interior microbiomes,leading to decreased wheat grain Cd uptake in the contaminated soil.
基金supported by Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20399)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(23JC1403500,22ZR1455300)+2 种基金Specific university discipline construction project(2023B10564002,2023B10564004)Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(2024-02-08-00-12-F00028)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01).
文摘Asian cultivated rice is one of the most important cereal crops globally,feeding approximately 50%of the world's population.Increasing rice nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)is crucial for achieving high yields with low nitrogen inputs(Xu et al.,2012;Hu et al.,2023).However,modern cultivars are typically bred for high yields through excessive nitrogen fertilizer use,leading to the loss of beneficial alleles associated with high NUE during the breeding process(Wang and Peng,2017;Hu et al.,2023).Genetic improvement for high NUE should be a key strategy in breeding“Green Super Rice”(GSR)(Yu et al.,2021)and water-saving and drought-resistance rice(WDR)(Luo,2010;Xia et al.,2022)for sustainable agriculture.Asian cultivated rice is highly diverse and harbors vital genetic variants essential for adaptation to different environments(Wing et al.,2018).
基金supported by the Youth Exploration Foundation of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(No.2022YSKY-55).
文摘Various technologies and projects have been explored and developed for the synergetic control of environmental pollution and carbon emissions in aquatic ecosystems.Planting submerged vegetation in shallow waters was also expected to achieve this purpose.However,the magnitude and mechanism of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission affected by submerged vegetation is not clear enough in complex aquatic ecosystems.This study investigated the influences of submerged plants on CO_(2)emission,ecosystem metabolism features,and microbial community traits based on observations in river networks on the Changjiang River Delta.The results showed that CO_(2)emission from planted waters accounted for 73%of unplanted waters.Meanwhile,planted waters had higher dissolved organic carbon removal capacity in overlying water and higher potential of carbon sequestration in sediment at the same time.These distinctions between the two habitats were attributed to(1)improved CO_(2)and bicarbonate consumption in water columns via enhancing photosynthesis and(2)inhibited CO_(2)production by reconstructing the benthic microbial community.Additional eco-advantages were found in planted sediments,such as a high potential of methane oxidation and xenobiotics biodegradation and a low risk of becoming black and odorous.In brief,submerged vegetation is beneficial in promoting pollution removal and carbon retention synchronously.This study advances our understanding of the feedback between aquatic metabolism and CO_(2)emission.
文摘A field trial to evaluate the growth and nutrient uptake of cocoa intercropped with coconut was conducted in Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria(CRIN)Headquarters,Idi-Ayunre,Ibadan,Oyo State between 2019 and 2022.There were four treatments comprising of cocoa sole,cocoa/plantain,cocoa/coconut and cocoa/coconut/plantain intercrop.The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block(RCB)replicated three times.Result obtained showed that cocoa/plantain was significantly higher(p<0.05)than all other treatments in all parameters considered and closely followed by cocoa/coconut,then cocoa sole with cocoa/plantain/coconut giving the least performance.The same trend was observed in the nutrient uptake.It was also observed in the trial that the two crops:cocoa and coconut did not show any deleterious effect on their growth when intercropped together.This showed that the two crops are compatible when grown on the same piece of land.Therefore,cocoa/coconut intercrop could be recommended to cocoa farmers in south west Nigeria to increase their revenue generation when coconut starts bearing fruit instead of sole planting of cocoa.
基金funded by National Health Mission,Government of West Bengal[HFW-35099/37/2018-SFWB SEC(DHS)(HFW)/4441,dated 23 August 2018].
文摘Objective:To assess comprehensive abortion care(CAC)services uptake and barriers to it in selected representative units of the three tier health care in the district of Malda in West Bengal,India.Methods:We conducted community-based,concurrent,parallel mixed methods study.Quantitative assessment of knowledge of primary health care workers on CAC and appropriate infrastructure assessment was done.Qualitative methods were used to identify themes affecting uptake of quality care among stakeholders.Results:A total of 48 staff nurses and 133 auxiliary nurses and midwives were included in the study.About half of nurses(of total 48)who were second tier health care provider and two thirds(of total 133)of first tier health care provider had incorrect knowledge about legality of abortion.Only 40%mothers seeking abortion were accompanied to subcentre by primary health care worker.At the third tier health care site,physicians insisted on necessity of refresher training.Suboptimal uptake of available CAC services was due to lack of enabling environment.Lack of updated training across health care workers was observed.Conclusions:Health care providers at the community level were unaware of facilities available for mothers seeking abortion.Higher level health care providers were unsure of specific knowledge about legal permissibility and sterilization of apparatus for abortion.At the highest level,more training on medical methods of abortion was required.The problems identified are amenable to correction,and some administrative and service-related provision on appropriate measures may lead to immediate success.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Government of Bangladesh。
文摘A controlled pot experiment was carried out to examine the interactive effects of salinity stress and biochar on the growth,nutrient uptake,and soil microbial dynamics of Lablab purpureus.Results showed that wheat husk biochar significantly(p<0.05)enhanced plant growth parameters compared to controls.Plant height increased by c.53%,root length by 37%,fresh weight by 125%,and dry weight by 92%in wheat husk char treated soil under non-saline conditions.Wheat husk char also significantly increased pod number and node count per plant by c.42%and 28%respectively.Nutrient analysis revealed higher concentrations of N(~6%),P(~0.3%),and K(~2%)in wheat husk biochar treatments,while salinity reduced nutrient uptake across all treatments.Although the number of flowers increased by c.75%,the difference was not statistically significant.Although 16S rRNA gene copy numbers did not show significant changes in biochar treatments,enhanced microbial function indicated improved nutrient cycling and ecosystem functionality.Overall,the findings suggest that biochar can mitigate the adverse effects of salinity by improving plant physiological traits and stimulating microbial activity.This highlights biochar’s potential as an ecological tool for sustainable agriculture,biodiversity enhancement,and ecosystem restoration in saline affected areas.
基金supported by the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong-Early Career Scheme(106210224)and the Seed Fund(104006024).
文摘Dear Editor,The Hans Chinese(HC)ethnic group,comprising approximately 1.4 billion individuals,represents the largest workforce globally.Historically,HC has been predominantly isolated from other ethnic groups for over 3 millennia,resulting in distinct genetic and physiological characteristics[1,2].Consequently,the energy required to maintain essential functions,represented by the basal metabolic rate(BMR),cannot be accurately assessed in HC with algorithms developed for European-American(EA)populations,even when controlling for diff erences in body size[3].Notably,the widely used Harris-Benedict equation tends to overestimate BMR,relative to measured BMR via indirect calorimetry,in more than 50%of HC individuals[3].Hence,HC generally expends less energy than EA under basal(resting)conditions.This raises an important question:does HC require lower energy expenditure than EA for equivalent external work?Th e present aimed to address this inquiry,while adjusting for key confounding factors such as age,sex,physical activity,aerobic capacity,BMR,and body composition.
基金supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)(no.24K14417)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences(JSPS)KAKENHI.
文摘We investigated the effects of high-intensity intermittent cross-training(HIICT)on maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2)max).The HIICT consisted of alternating intermittent 20-s treadmill running(1^(st),3^(rd),5^(th),and 7^(th) bouts)and 20-s bicycle exercise(2^(nd),4^(th),and 6^(th) bouts)with a 10-s rest period.Each intensity for running and bicycling of the HIICT corresponded to an oxygen demand of~160% and~170%of the VO_(2)max,respectively.Fifteen healthy young males(aged[24±1]yrs)were randomly assigned to training(TG,n?8)and non-training control(CG,n?7)groups.The TG completed this HIICT daily 4 days/week for 6 weeks.Significant group×time interactions were observed for both the running and bicycling VO_(2)max(p<0.001 each).After the training,the VO_(2)max for both running([57.4±4.8]mL·kg^(-1)·min^(-1))and bicycling([50.6±3.7]mL·kg^(-1)·min^(-1))in the TG were significantly higher than those for running([50.1±3.1]mL·kg^(-1)·min^(-1))and bicycling([43.7±3.6]mL·kg^(-1)·min^(-1))in the CG,respectively(p<0.01 each).Post-hoc tests revealed a significant increase in VO_(2)max for running and bicycling in the TG after the HIICT(p<0.001 each)but no significant difference in the CG.These results demonstrated that the newly developed HIICT increases the VO_(2)max for both running and bicycling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671598).
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.)root characteristics are closely associated with nitrogen(N)uptake,root growth and development are greatly influenced by ethylene.In this study,a hydroponic experiment was conducted using four rice genotypes[Shanyou 63(SY63)and Zhonghua 11(ZH11)with well–developed aerenchyma;Yangdao 6(YD6)and mutant rcn1 from ZH11 with less–developed aerenchyma]to investigate the effects of exogenous ethephon(Eth)on root characteristics,N uptake,dry matter distribution,and clarify the underlying relationship.Compared with YD6 and rcn1,SY63 and ZH11 had higher N accumulation,higher root aerenchyma area to cortex area ratio(ACR),higher NH_(4)^(+)uptake via the apoplasmic pathway and root-to-shoot NH_(4)^(+)translocation under no ethephon application(NEth)and Eth treatment,and elevated expression of the three genes(OsAMT1;2,OsAMT2;2,and OsAMT4;1)for ammonium transporters under Eth treatment.Eth treatment increased shoot N and dry matter accumulation,decreased the total root length and root diameter,and increased ACR and the expression of OsAMT genes in four genotypes.In summary,Eth could increase N accumulation via modifying root characteristics in rice,particularly by enlarging root aerenchyma and thinning the roots.The findings provide implications for development of elite rice varieties and green rice production with higher N efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277404)the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River(No.AEHKF2023004)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Programof China(No.2022YFC3202703)the International Collaboration Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.SAJC202403,067GJHZ2023034MI)the Autonomous Deployment Project of Key Laboratory of Lake andWatershed Science for Water Security(No.NKL2023-KP01).
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are of great concern because they threaten pri-mary productivity,but their specific effects on ecosystem functioning are scarce,hindering a comprehensive understanding of their ecological risks,especially in eutrophicwaters.The present study was conducted by adding PAHs to four marine phytoplankton species and showed that naphthalene(Nap)and phenanthrene(Phe)induced both stimulatory and in-hibitory effects(>50%)on urea and NO_(3)−uptake by phytoplankton species.In addition,the apparent stimulative effects(>50%)for NH_(4)^(+)were also observed.Overall,38.9%of the sam-ples exhibited stimulation effects after 24 h exposure,which increased to 61.1%after 96 h exposure.This suggested the existence of a lag period,during which a tolerant cell popula-tion could adapt to PAHs.Significant positive correlations(P<0.01)between low and high concentrations of PAH individuals demonstrated that the mode of action for both pollutants on nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton was the same.Species-specific responses were also observed,with 19.0%of Thalassiosira sp.and 24.0%of Tetraselmis sp.exhibited inhibition effects greater than 50%,while 40.9%of Karlodinium veneficum and 27.3%of Rhodomonas salina demonstrated stimulation effects exceeding 50%,providing a unique perspective for exploring the harmful algal bloom of the mixotrophic K.veneficum,in addition to the original consideration of nutrients.The internal mechanisms may lie in differences in energy consumption between N-forms,exposure time and chemical concentrations,aswell as mor-phological characteristics and biochemical structures of the species,which require further investigation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2101303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20424 and 22378048)+5 种基金the Major scientific and technological projects of Sinopecthe Dalian Technology Talents Project for Distinguished Young Scholars(2021RJ03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT25LAB104)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2202049)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(2022J013)the Ningbo Municipal Public Welfare Science and Technology Foundation(2024S004)。
文摘Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not naturally capable of efficiently utilizing xylose as a carbon source.When cultured with lignocellulosic hydrolysates containing pretreatment-derived inhibitors,S.cerevisiae suffers from much lower sugar uptake,ethanol yield and fermentation efficiency.Thus,considering efficient xylose conversion into ethanol during non-detoxified hydrolysate culture,genetic engineering and adaptive evolution of S.cerevisiae might be a promising joint strategy for improving xylose uptake and ethanol production.In this study,an inhibitor-tolerant strain S.cerevisiae SPSC01-TAF94 was genetically engineered by overexpressing both xylose transport-and metabolism-related genes(N360F,Ru-xyl A,TAL1,TKL1,RKI1 and RPE1),yielding the xylose-utilizing strain TAF94-X,followed by three-stage adaptation in non-detoxified corn stover hydrolysate containing 5 g·L^(-1)acetic acid,0.32 g·L^(-1)furfural,0.17 g·L(-1)HMF and 0.19 g·L^(-1)vanillin as the major inhibitors as well as 20,40 and 60 g·L^(-1)xylose adjusted as the major carbon source,respectively.Finally,an active xylose-utilizing and ethanolproducing strain TAF94-X60 was obtained,which achieved 44.9 g·L^(-1)ethanol with yield of0.41 g·g^(-1),productivity of 0.62 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)and xylose consumption rate of 0.42 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)during hydrolysate culture,compared to those of 36.5 g·L^(-1),0.38 g·g^(-1),0.50 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)and 0.20 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)obtained with the control strain TAF94-X.The proposed joint strategy effectively utilizes hydrolyzed sugars while eliminating the need for conventional detoxification or water washing processes,thus enhancing the economic feasibility of large-scale lignocellulosic ethanol production.
基金financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001financial resources from the Fundacao de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino,Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul—FUNDECT(Termo de Outorga:133/2023/SIAFEM:33108).
文摘Corn(Zea mays L.)is a very sensitive crop to phosphorus(P)deficiency during the early development phase,which may be a limiting factor for the sustainable production of this crop in P-deficient tropical soils.However,scientific evidence indicates that inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can improve the development,uptake,and P-use efficiency of corn plants.In the present study,two contrasting corn hybrids were investigated for their responsiveness to multiple inoculations of Bacillus subtilis,B.megaterium,B.velezencis,and Pseudomonas fluorescens and application of phosphate fertilizer rates in the sandy soil of the Brazilian Cerrado.Plants from stable(DKB 360 PRO3)and responsive(DKB 255 PRO3)corn hybrids were inoculated with 0 and 2 mL of inoculant containing multiple phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and fertilized with low(0 mg P·kg^(-1)),medium(40 mg P·kg^(-1))and high(80 mg P·kg^(-1))levels of phosphate fertilizer using triple superphosphate(46% of P_(2)O_(5)).Treatments were distributed in a randomized block design using 2×2×3 factorial scheme,with four replicates.Plants were grown in 8-L pots for 70 days under greenhouse conditions.Morphological characteristics,leaf P concentration,and P use efficiency of corn plants were evaluated.Our results showed that the multiple inoculations of Bacillus subtilis,B.megaterium,B.velezencis,and Pseudomonas fluorescens are a promising sustainable agricultural practice to be recommended for corn cultivation,especially because it improves the development and P use efficiency of plants fertilized with medium P levels,which reduces the costs associated with mineral phosphate fertilization,a non-renewable fertilizer source.In sandy tropical soilwith low P availability,applying intermediate rates of highly soluble phosphate fertilizer,such as triple superphosphate,is sufficient to maximize plant development and the nutritional status of corn crops for sustainable production with low environmental impact.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1001500)Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32401811)+3 种基金Key Program of Sichuan Natural Science Foundation(2022NSFSC0015)local financial funds of the National Agricultural Science and Technology Center,Chengdu(NASC2024KR01)research start up fund of Chengdu Agricultural College(25BS02),Significant Science and Technology Project of China National Tobacco Corporation(110202101060(XJ-09))Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC1204).
文摘Iron(Fe)is a micronutrient for living organisms,and maintenance of Fe homeostasis is required for normal physiological functions.In this study,we report the function of a plasma membrane localized transporter(Polyol transporter 8,TaPLT8)in wheat,which is regarded as a novel regulator for Fe transport.TaPLT8 is specifically expressed in wheat roots and is induced by environmental Fe.Knockout of TaPLT8 increased Fe accumulation in roots but resulted in decreased Fe levels in shoots and grain.The change was caused by an altered tolerance or increased susceptibility to excessive environmental Fe in the vicinity of wheat roots,and inhibited root growth.Overexpression of TaPLT8A improved Fe transport from roots to shoots and grains,and increased grain Fe levels by up to 14.46%.Compared to wild type(WT)plants,the levels of Citrate and Fe levels in xylem sap were significantly decreased in taplt8 mutants but significantly increased in TaPLT8 OE lines.Transcriptome analysis of taplt8 mutants indicated that TaPLT8 affected citrate levels by influencing glycolysis and the citrate cycle pathway in roots,thus impacting Fe translocation.The findings demonstrated that TaPLT8 mediates Fe distribution in wheat roots and shoots,contributing to greater understanding of the contribution of TaPLT8 to Fe accumulation in grains.
文摘This research explores the water uptake behavior of glass fiber/epoxy composites filled with nanoclay and establishes an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)to predict water uptake percentage fromexperimental parameters.Composite laminates are fabricated with varying glass fiber(40-60 wt.%)and nanoclay(0-4 wt.%)contents.Water absorption is evaluated for 70 days of immersion following ASTM D570-98 standards.The inclusion of nanoclay reduces water uptake by creating a tortuous path for moisture diffusion due to its high aspect ratio and platelet morphology,thereby enhancing the composite’s barrier properties.The ANN model is developed with a 3-4-1 feedforward structure and learned through the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm with soaking time(7 to 70 days),fiber content(40,50,and 60 wt.%)and nanoclay content(0,2,and 4 wt.%)as input parameters.The model’s output is the water uptake percentage.The model has high prediction efficiency,with a correlation coefficient(R)of 0.998 and a mean squared error of 1.38×10^(-4).Experimental and predicted values are in excellent agreement,ensuring the reliability of the ANN for the simulation of nonlinear water absorption behavior.The results identify the synergistic capability of nanoclay and fiber concentration to reduce water absorption and prove the feasibility of ANN as a substitute for time-consuming testing in composite durability estimation.
