The protection effectiveness of traditional Lightning Strike Protection(LSP)for composite rotor blade of helicopter can be diminished due to the explosion risk in overlapping attachment under lightning strike,so a new...The protection effectiveness of traditional Lightning Strike Protection(LSP)for composite rotor blade of helicopter can be diminished due to the explosion risk in overlapping attachment under lightning strike,so a new protection method based on Air Breakdown and insulating adhesive layer(AB-LSP method)was designed to avoid it.In this study,a numerical method was developed to simulate the electrical breakdown,and verified by experiment results.Based on this method,a Finite Element Model(FEM)was established to investigate the effect of two factors(breakdown strength and initial ablation temperature of adhesive layer)on the LSP effectiveness.The results show that the breakdown strength impacts more to the ablation damage in composite than that of high-temperature resistance.Then,another FEM was established to predict the ablation damage by lightning strike in the AB-LSP method protected composite rotor blade.The mechanisms and potential key parameters(magnitude of lightning current,discharge channel location,adhesive layer thickness,and air gap width)that could affect the protection effectiveness were analyzed.The introduction of air breakdown changes the current conduction path and reduces explosion risk.After rational design,this method can offer effective lightning protection for composite helicopter rotor blade and other composite structures.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to ...In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Convex feasibility problems are widely used in image reconstruction,sparse signal recovery,and other areas.This paper is devoted to considering a class of convex feasibility problem arising from sparse signal recovery...Convex feasibility problems are widely used in image reconstruction,sparse signal recovery,and other areas.This paper is devoted to considering a class of convex feasibility problem arising from sparse signal recovery.We rst derive the projection formulas for a vector onto the feasible sets.The centralized circumcentered-reection method is designed to solve the convex feasibility problem.Some numerical experiments demonstrate the feasibility and e ectiveness of the proposed algorithm,showing superior performance compared to conventional alternating projection methods.展开更多
Marine thin plates are susceptible to welding deformation owing to their low structural stiffness.Therefore,the efficient and accurate prediction of welding deformation is essential for improving welding quality.The t...Marine thin plates are susceptible to welding deformation owing to their low structural stiffness.Therefore,the efficient and accurate prediction of welding deformation is essential for improving welding quality.The traditional thermal elastic-plastic finite element method(TEP-FEM)can accurately predict welding deformation.However,its efficiency is low because of the complex nonlinear transient computation,making it difficult to meet the needs of rapid engineering evaluation.To address this challenge,this study proposes an efficient prediction method for welding deformation in marine thin plate butt welds.This method is based on the coupled temperature gradient-thermal strain method(TG-TSM)that integrates inherent strain theory with a shell element finite element model.The proposed method first extracts the distribution pattern and characteristic value of welding-induced inherent strain through TEP-FEM analysis.This strain is then converted into the equivalent thermal load applied to the shell element model for rapid computation.The proposed method-particularly,the gradual temperature gradient-thermal strain method(GTG-TSM)-achieved improved computational efficiency and consistent precision.Furthermore,the proposed method required much less computation time than the traditional TEP-FEM.Thus,this study lays the foundation for future prediction of welding deformation in more complex marine thin plates.展开更多
The Galerkin and least-squares methods are two classes of the most popular Krylov subspace methOds for solving large linear systems of equations. Unfortunately, both the methods may suffer from serious breakdowns of t...The Galerkin and least-squares methods are two classes of the most popular Krylov subspace methOds for solving large linear systems of equations. Unfortunately, both the methods may suffer from serious breakdowns of the same type: In a breakdown situation the Galerkin method is unable to calculate an approximate solution, while the least-squares method, although does not really break down, is unsucessful in reducing the norm of its residual. In this paper we first establish a unified theorem which gives a relationship between breakdowns in the two methods. We further illustrate theoretically and experimentally that if the coefficient matrix of a lienar system is of high defectiveness with the associated eigenvalues less than 1, then the restarted Galerkin and least-squares methods will be in great risks of complete breakdowns. It appears that our findings may help to understand phenomena observed practically and to derive treatments for breakdowns of this type.展开更多
Downward continuation is a key step in processing airborne geomagnetic data. However,downward continuation is a typically ill-posed problem because its computation is unstable; thus, regularization methods are needed ...Downward continuation is a key step in processing airborne geomagnetic data. However,downward continuation is a typically ill-posed problem because its computation is unstable; thus, regularization methods are needed to realize effective continuation. According to the Poisson integral plane approximate relationship between observation and continuation data, the computation formulae combined with the fast Fourier transform（FFT）algorithm are transformed to a frequency domain for accelerating the computational speed. The iterative Tikhonov regularization method and the iterative Landweber regularization method are used in this paper to overcome instability and improve the precision of the results. The availability of these two iterative regularization methods in the frequency domain is validated by simulated geomagnetic data, and the continuation results show good precision.展开更多
The Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast, non-contact, no sample preparation analytic technology;it is very suitable for on-line analysis of alloy composition. In the copper smelting industry, analysi...The Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast, non-contact, no sample preparation analytic technology;it is very suitable for on-line analysis of alloy composition. In the copper smelting industry, analysis and control of the copper alloy concentration affect the quality of the products greatly, so LIBS is an efficient quantitative analysis tech- nology in the copper smelting industry. But for the lead brass, the components of Pb, Al and Ni elements are very low and the atomic emission lines are easily submerged under copper complex characteristic spectral lines because of the matrix effects. So it is difficult to get the online quantitative result of these important elements. In this paper, both the partial least squares (PLS) method and the calibration curve (CC) method are used to quantitatively analyze the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy data which is obtained from the standard lead brass alloy samples. Both the major and trace elements were quantitatively analyzed. By comparing the two results of the different calibration method, some useful results were obtained: both for major and trace elements, the PLS method was better than the CC method in quantitative analysis. And the regression coefficient of PLS method is compared with the original spectral data with background interference to explain the advantage of the PLS method in the LIBS quantitative analysis. Results proved that the PLS method used in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy was suitable for simultaneous quantitative analysis of different content elements in copper smelting industry.展开更多
To analyze the pipeline response under permanent ground deformation,the evolution of resistance acting on the pipe during the vertical downward offset is an essential ingredient.However,the efficient simulation of pip...To analyze the pipeline response under permanent ground deformation,the evolution of resistance acting on the pipe during the vertical downward offset is an essential ingredient.However,the efficient simulation of pipe penetration into soil is challenging for the conventional finite element(FE)method due to the large deformation of the surrounding soils.In this study,the B-spline material point method(MPM)is employed to investigate the pipe-soil interaction during the downward movement of rigid pipes buried in medium and dense sand.To describe the density-and stress-dependent behaviors of sand,the J2-deformation type model with state-dependent dilatancy is adopted.The effectiveness of the model is demonstrated by element tests and biaxial compression tests.Afterwards,the pipe penetration process is simulated,and the numerical outcomes are compared with the physical model tests.The effects of pipe size and burial depth are investigated with an emphasis on the mobilization of the soil resistance and the failure mechanisms.The simulation results indicate that the bearing capacity formulas given in the guidelines can provide essentially reasonable estimates for the ultimate force acting on buried pipes,and the recommended value of yield displacement may be underestimated to a certain extent.展开更多
This paper proposes a numerical solution method for upper bound shakedown analysis of perfectly elasto-plastic thin plates by employing the C^(1) natural element method.Based on the Koiter’s theorem and von Mises yie...This paper proposes a numerical solution method for upper bound shakedown analysis of perfectly elasto-plastic thin plates by employing the C^(1) natural element method.Based on the Koiter’s theorem and von Mises yield criterion,the nonlinear mathematical programming formulation for upper bound shakedown analysis of thin plates is established.In this formulation,the trail function of residual displacement increment is approximated by using the C^(1) shape functions,the plastic incompressibility condition is satisfied by introducing a constant matrix in the objective function,and the time integration is resolved by using the Konig’s technique.Meanwhile,the objective function is linearized by distinguishing the non-plastic integral points from the plastic integral points and revising the objective function and associated equality constraints at each iteration.Finally,the upper bound shakedown load multipliers of thin plates are obtained by direct iterative and monotone convergence processes.Several benchmark examples verify the good precision and fast convergence of this proposed method.展开更多
Pr^3+-doped calcium niobium gallium garnet(Pr:CNGG)single crystals with different Pr^3+concentrations are successfully grown by the micro-pulling-down(μ-PD)method.The crystal structure,room-temperature absorption spe...Pr^3+-doped calcium niobium gallium garnet(Pr:CNGG)single crystals with different Pr^3+concentrations are successfully grown by the micro-pulling-down(μ-PD)method.The crystal structure,room-temperature absorption spectra,and fluorescence spectra of Pr:CNGG crystals are measured and discussed.The fluorescence results indicate their large dependence on the doping concentration.The fluorescence lifetime of the 1D2 energy level is also determined.The results indicate that Pr:CNGG crystal could be a potential solid-state laser gain medium.展开更多
A metal-assisted method is proposed for the evaluation of gases’molecular abundance ratio in fiber-optic laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(FO-LIBS).This method can reduce the laser ablation energy and make gas com...A metal-assisted method is proposed for the evaluation of gases’molecular abundance ratio in fiber-optic laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(FO-LIBS).This method can reduce the laser ablation energy and make gas composition identification possible.The principle comes from the collision between the detected gases and the plasma produced by the laser ablation of the metal substrate.The interparticle collision in the plasma plume leads to gas molecules dissociating and sparking,which can be used to determine the gas composition.The quantitative relationship between spectral line intensity and molecular abundance ratio was developed over a large molecular abundance ratio range.The influence of laser ablation energy and substrate material on gas quantitative calibration measurement is also analyzed.The proposed metal-assisted method makes the measurement of gases’molecular abundance ratios possible with an FO-LIBS system.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel numerical solution approach for the kinematic shakedown analysis of strain-hardening thin plates using the C^(1)nodal natural element method(C^(1)nodal NEM).Based on Koiter’s theorem and t...This paper proposes a novel numerical solution approach for the kinematic shakedown analysis of strain-hardening thin plates using the C^(1)nodal natural element method(C^(1)nodal NEM).Based on Koiter’s theorem and the von Mises and two-surface yield criteria,a nonlinear mathematical programming formulation is constructed for the kinematic shakedown analysis of strain-hardening thin plates,and the C^(1)nodal NEM is adopted for discretization.Additionally,König’s theory is used to deal with time integration by treating the generalized plastic strain increment at each load vertex.A direct iterative method is developed to linearize and solve this formulation by modifying the relevant objective function and equality constraints at each iteration.Kinematic shakedown load factors are directly calculated in a monotonically converging manner.Numerical examples validate the accuracy and convergence of the developed method and illustrate the influences of limited and unlimited strain-hardening models on the kinematic shakedown load factors of thin square and circular plates.展开更多
An analysis of polymer materials behavior under cutting forces load was presented.The analysis was accomplished taking into account the existence and interaction of micro cracks in material.On the basis of modeling re...An analysis of polymer materials behavior under cutting forces load was presented.The analysis was accomplished taking into account the existence and interaction of micro cracks in material.On the basis of modeling representations of a polymeric material behavior at cutting the method of preliminary mechanical destruction a superficial layer of polymeric material was developed.The essence of the method consists in producing micro-cracks in form of blind holes on the upper layer of blanks before turning.The aim of this method is a plastic deformation zones creation under stresses interaction occurring at the adjacent crack apexes.Results of experimental researches of fabric-based laminate turning processing according to the offered method were submitted.The analysis of the received results confirms expediency of application of the given combined method and the decrease of a roughness on the processed surface of fabric-based laminate is testifying about it.展开更多
Downward surface net radiation,the net energy of the earth's surface obtained through shortwave and longwave radiation process,is the main driving force for material and energy cycle in the whole earth system.In t...Downward surface net radiation,the net energy of the earth's surface obtained through shortwave and longwave radiation process,is the main driving force for material and energy cycle in the whole earth system.In this study,the main research results of monitoring methods of downward surface net radiation at home and abroad in recent decades have been summarized,and main remote sensing radiation products produced according to various sensors have been introduced.Moreover,the monitoring methods of downward shortwave and long-wave radiation have been discussed,and their principles,advantages and disadvantages have been analyzed to provide scientific references for further study of downward surface solar net radiation in future.展开更多
Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters accordi...Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters according to the monitoring data information in the structural health monitoring(SHM)system,so as to provide a scientific basis for structural damage identification and dynamic model modification.In view of this,this paper reviews methods for identifying structural modal parameters under environmental excitation and briefly describes how to identify structural damages based on the derived modal parameters.The paper primarily introduces data-driven modal parameter recognition methods(e.g.,time-domain,frequency-domain,and time-frequency-domain methods,etc.),briefly describes damage identification methods based on the variations of modal parameters(e.g.,natural frequency,modal shapes,and curvature modal shapes,etc.)and modal validation methods(e.g.,Stability Diagram and Modal Assurance Criterion,etc.).The current status of the application of artificial intelligence(AI)methods in the direction of modal parameter recognition and damage identification is further discussed.Based on the pre-vious analysis,the main development trends of structural modal parameter recognition and damage identification methods are given to provide scientific references for the optimized design and functional upgrading of SHM systems.展开更多
To analyze the differences in the transport and distribution of different types of proppants and to address issues such as the short effective support of proppant and poor placement in hydraulically intersecting fract...To analyze the differences in the transport and distribution of different types of proppants and to address issues such as the short effective support of proppant and poor placement in hydraulically intersecting fractures,this study considered the combined impact of geological-engineering factors on conductivity.Using reservoir production parameters and the discrete elementmethod,multispherical proppants were constructed.Additionally,a 3D fracture model,based on the specified conditions of the L block,employed coupled(Computational Fluid Dynamics)CFD-DEM(Discrete ElementMethod)for joint simulations to quantitatively analyze the transport and placement patterns of multispherical proppants in intersecting fractures.Results indicate that turbulent kinetic energy is an intrinsic factor affecting proppant transport.Moreover,the efficiency of placement and migration distance of low-sphericity quartz sand constructed by the DEM in the main fracture are significantly reduced compared to spherical ceramic proppants,with a 27.7%decrease in the volume fraction of the fracture surface,subsequently affecting the placement concentration and damaging fracture conductivity.Compared to small-angle fractures,controlling artificial and natural fractures to expand at angles of 45°to 60°increases the effective support length by approximately 20.6%.During hydraulic fracturing of gas wells,ensuring the fracture support area and post-closure conductivity can be achieved by controlling the sphericity of proppants and adjusting the perforation direction to control the direction of artificial fractures.展开更多
The radio-occultation observations taken by Tianwen-1 are aiming to study the properties of solar wind.A new method of frequency fluctuation(FF)estimation is presented for processing the down-link signals of Tianwen-1...The radio-occultation observations taken by Tianwen-1 are aiming to study the properties of solar wind.A new method of frequency fluctuation(FF)estimation is presented for processing the down-link signals of Tianwen-1 during the occultation period to study the properties of the coronal plasma at the heliocentric distances of 4.48–19 R_(⊙).Because of low S/N as well as the phase fluctuation phenomena caused by solar activity,a Kalman based on polynomial prediction methods is proposed to avoid the phase locked loop loss lock.A new detrend method based on multi-level iteration correction is proposed to estimate Doppler shift to get more accurate power density spectra of FF in the low frequency region.The data analyze procedure is used to get the properties of the solar corona during the occultation.The method was finally verified at the point when the solar offset is 5.7 R_(⊙),frequency tracking was successfully performed on data with a carrier-to-noise ratio of about 28 dBHz.The density spectra obtained by the improved method are basically the same when the frequency is greater than 2 mHz,the uncertainty in the result of the rms of the FF obtained by removing the trend term with different order polynomials is less than 3.3%.The data without eliminating interference show a large error for different detrending orders,which justifies the need for an improved approach.Finally,the frequency fluctuation results combined with the information on intensity fluctuation obtained by the new method are compared with the results of the integrated Space Weather Analysis system and theoretical formula,which verifies that the processing results in this paper have a certain degree of credibility.展开更多
This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
Due to the heterogeneity of rock masses and the variability of in situ stress,the traditional linear inversion method is insufficiently accurate to achieve high accuracy of the in situ stress field.To address this cha...Due to the heterogeneity of rock masses and the variability of in situ stress,the traditional linear inversion method is insufficiently accurate to achieve high accuracy of the in situ stress field.To address this challenge,nonlinear stress boundaries for a numerical model are determined through regression analysis of a series of nonlinear coefficient matrices,which are derived from the bubbling method.Considering the randomness and flexibility of the bubbling method,a parametric study is conducted to determine recommended ranges for these parameters,including the standard deviation(σb)of bubble radii,the non-uniform coefficient matrix number(λ)for nonlinear stress boundaries,and the number(m)and positions of in situ stress measurement points.A model case study provides a reference for the selection of these parameters.Additionally,when the nonlinear in situ stress inversion method is employed,stress distortion inevitably occurs near model boundaries,aligning with the Saint Venant's principle.Two strategies are proposed accordingly:employing a systematic reduction of nonlinear coefficients to achieve high inversion accuracy while minimizing significant stress distortion,and excluding regions with severe stress distortion near the model edges while utilizing the central part of the model for subsequent simulations.These two strategies have been successfully implemented in the nonlinear in situ stress inversion of the Xincheng Gold Mine and have achieved higher inversion accuracy than the linear method.Specifically,the linear and nonlinear inversion methods yield root mean square errors(RMSE)of 4.15 and 3.2,and inversion relative errors(δAve)of 22.08%and 17.55%,respectively.Therefore,the nonlinear inversion method outperforms the traditional multiple linear regression method,even in the presence of a systematic reduction in the nonlinear stress boundaries.展开更多
The separation-of-variable(SOV)methods,such as the improved SOV method,the variational SOV method,and the extended SOV method,have been proposed by the present authors and coworkers to obtain the closed-form analytica...The separation-of-variable(SOV)methods,such as the improved SOV method,the variational SOV method,and the extended SOV method,have been proposed by the present authors and coworkers to obtain the closed-form analytical solutions for free vibration and eigenbuckling of rectangular plates and circular cylindrical shells.By taking the free vibration of rectangular thin plates as an example,this work presents the theoretical framework of the SOV methods in an instructive way,and the bisection–based solution procedures for a group of nonlinear eigenvalue equations.Besides,the explicit equations of nodal lines of the SOV methods are presented,and the relations of nodal line patterns and frequency orders are investigated.It is concluded that the highly accurate SOV methods have the same accuracy for all frequencies,the mode shapes about repeated frequencies can also be precisely captured,and the SOV methods do not have the problem of missing roots as well.展开更多
文摘The protection effectiveness of traditional Lightning Strike Protection(LSP)for composite rotor blade of helicopter can be diminished due to the explosion risk in overlapping attachment under lightning strike,so a new protection method based on Air Breakdown and insulating adhesive layer(AB-LSP method)was designed to avoid it.In this study,a numerical method was developed to simulate the electrical breakdown,and verified by experiment results.Based on this method,a Finite Element Model(FEM)was established to investigate the effect of two factors(breakdown strength and initial ablation temperature of adhesive layer)on the LSP effectiveness.The results show that the breakdown strength impacts more to the ablation damage in composite than that of high-temperature resistance.Then,another FEM was established to predict the ablation damage by lightning strike in the AB-LSP method protected composite rotor blade.The mechanisms and potential key parameters(magnitude of lightning current,discharge channel location,adhesive layer thickness,and air gap width)that could affect the protection effectiveness were analyzed.The introduction of air breakdown changes the current conduction path and reduces explosion risk.After rational design,this method can offer effective lightning protection for composite helicopter rotor blade and other composite structures.
基金Supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2023GXNSFAA026246)in part by the Central Government's Guide to Local Science and Technology Development Fund(GuikeZY23055044)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62363003)。
文摘In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(Grant Nos.2023GXNSFAA026067,2024GXN SFAA010521)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12361079,12201149,12261026).
文摘Convex feasibility problems are widely used in image reconstruction,sparse signal recovery,and other areas.This paper is devoted to considering a class of convex feasibility problem arising from sparse signal recovery.We rst derive the projection formulas for a vector onto the feasible sets.The centralized circumcentered-reection method is designed to solve the convex feasibility problem.Some numerical experiments demonstrate the feasibility and e ectiveness of the proposed algorithm,showing superior performance compared to conventional alternating projection methods.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51975138the High-Tech Ship Scientific Research Project from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology under Grant No.CJ05N20the National Defense Basic Research Project under Grant No.JCKY2023604C006.
文摘Marine thin plates are susceptible to welding deformation owing to their low structural stiffness.Therefore,the efficient and accurate prediction of welding deformation is essential for improving welding quality.The traditional thermal elastic-plastic finite element method(TEP-FEM)can accurately predict welding deformation.However,its efficiency is low because of the complex nonlinear transient computation,making it difficult to meet the needs of rapid engineering evaluation.To address this challenge,this study proposes an efficient prediction method for welding deformation in marine thin plate butt welds.This method is based on the coupled temperature gradient-thermal strain method(TG-TSM)that integrates inherent strain theory with a shell element finite element model.The proposed method first extracts the distribution pattern and characteristic value of welding-induced inherent strain through TEP-FEM analysis.This strain is then converted into the equivalent thermal load applied to the shell element model for rapid computation.The proposed method-particularly,the gradual temperature gradient-thermal strain method(GTG-TSM)-achieved improved computational efficiency and consistent precision.Furthermore,the proposed method required much less computation time than the traditional TEP-FEM.Thus,this study lays the foundation for future prediction of welding deformation in more complex marine thin plates.
文摘The Galerkin and least-squares methods are two classes of the most popular Krylov subspace methOds for solving large linear systems of equations. Unfortunately, both the methods may suffer from serious breakdowns of the same type: In a breakdown situation the Galerkin method is unable to calculate an approximate solution, while the least-squares method, although does not really break down, is unsucessful in reducing the norm of its residual. In this paper we first establish a unified theorem which gives a relationship between breakdowns in the two methods. We further illustrate theoretically and experimentally that if the coefficient matrix of a lienar system is of high defectiveness with the associated eigenvalues less than 1, then the restarted Galerkin and least-squares methods will be in great risks of complete breakdowns. It appears that our findings may help to understand phenomena observed practically and to derive treatments for breakdowns of this type.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41304022,41174026,41104047)the National 973 Foundation(61322201,2013CB733303)+1 种基金the Key laboratory Foundation of Geo-space Environment and Geodesy of the Ministry of Education(13-01-08)the Youth Innovation Foundation of High Resolution Earth Observation(GFZX04060103-5-12)
文摘Downward continuation is a key step in processing airborne geomagnetic data. However,downward continuation is a typically ill-posed problem because its computation is unstable; thus, regularization methods are needed to realize effective continuation. According to the Poisson integral plane approximate relationship between observation and continuation data, the computation formulae combined with the fast Fourier transform（FFT）algorithm are transformed to a frequency domain for accelerating the computational speed. The iterative Tikhonov regularization method and the iterative Landweber regularization method are used in this paper to overcome instability and improve the precision of the results. The availability of these two iterative regularization methods in the frequency domain is validated by simulated geomagnetic data, and the continuation results show good precision.
文摘The Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast, non-contact, no sample preparation analytic technology;it is very suitable for on-line analysis of alloy composition. In the copper smelting industry, analysis and control of the copper alloy concentration affect the quality of the products greatly, so LIBS is an efficient quantitative analysis tech- nology in the copper smelting industry. But for the lead brass, the components of Pb, Al and Ni elements are very low and the atomic emission lines are easily submerged under copper complex characteristic spectral lines because of the matrix effects. So it is difficult to get the online quantitative result of these important elements. In this paper, both the partial least squares (PLS) method and the calibration curve (CC) method are used to quantitatively analyze the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy data which is obtained from the standard lead brass alloy samples. Both the major and trace elements were quantitatively analyzed. By comparing the two results of the different calibration method, some useful results were obtained: both for major and trace elements, the PLS method was better than the CC method in quantitative analysis. And the regression coefficient of PLS method is compared with the original spectral data with background interference to explain the advantage of the PLS method in the LIBS quantitative analysis. Results proved that the PLS method used in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy was suitable for simultaneous quantitative analysis of different content elements in copper smelting industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42225702,42077235 and 41722209).
文摘To analyze the pipeline response under permanent ground deformation,the evolution of resistance acting on the pipe during the vertical downward offset is an essential ingredient.However,the efficient simulation of pipe penetration into soil is challenging for the conventional finite element(FE)method due to the large deformation of the surrounding soils.In this study,the B-spline material point method(MPM)is employed to investigate the pipe-soil interaction during the downward movement of rigid pipes buried in medium and dense sand.To describe the density-and stress-dependent behaviors of sand,the J2-deformation type model with state-dependent dilatancy is adopted.The effectiveness of the model is demonstrated by element tests and biaxial compression tests.Afterwards,the pipe penetration process is simulated,and the numerical outcomes are compared with the physical model tests.The effects of pipe size and burial depth are investigated with an emphasis on the mobilization of the soil resistance and the failure mechanisms.The simulation results indicate that the bearing capacity formulas given in the guidelines can provide essentially reasonable estimates for the ultimate force acting on buried pipes,and the recommended value of yield displacement may be underestimated to a certain extent.
基金supported by the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2013M540934)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0801905,2017YFF0210704).
文摘This paper proposes a numerical solution method for upper bound shakedown analysis of perfectly elasto-plastic thin plates by employing the C^(1) natural element method.Based on the Koiter’s theorem and von Mises yield criterion,the nonlinear mathematical programming formulation for upper bound shakedown analysis of thin plates is established.In this formulation,the trail function of residual displacement increment is approximated by using the C^(1) shape functions,the plastic incompressibility condition is satisfied by introducing a constant matrix in the objective function,and the time integration is resolved by using the Konig’s technique.Meanwhile,the objective function is linearized by distinguishing the non-plastic integral points from the plastic integral points and revising the objective function and associated equality constraints at each iteration.Finally,the upper bound shakedown load multipliers of thin plates are obtained by direct iterative and monotone convergence processes.Several benchmark examples verify the good precision and fast convergence of this proposed method.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB0701002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61621001 and 61605069)the MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials,China
文摘Pr^3+-doped calcium niobium gallium garnet(Pr:CNGG)single crystals with different Pr^3+concentrations are successfully grown by the micro-pulling-down(μ-PD)method.The crystal structure,room-temperature absorption spectra,and fluorescence spectra of Pr:CNGG crystals are measured and discussed.The fluorescence results indicate their large dependence on the doping concentration.The fluorescence lifetime of the 1D2 energy level is also determined.The results indicate that Pr:CNGG crystal could be a potential solid-state laser gain medium.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC1200400)the Development Fund of Institute of Fluid Physics,China Academy of Engineering Physics(No.SFZ20150302)。
文摘A metal-assisted method is proposed for the evaluation of gases’molecular abundance ratio in fiber-optic laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(FO-LIBS).This method can reduce the laser ablation energy and make gas composition identification possible.The principle comes from the collision between the detected gases and the plasma produced by the laser ablation of the metal substrate.The interparticle collision in the plasma plume leads to gas molecules dissociating and sparking,which can be used to determine the gas composition.The quantitative relationship between spectral line intensity and molecular abundance ratio was developed over a large molecular abundance ratio range.The influence of laser ablation energy and substrate material on gas quantitative calibration measurement is also analyzed.The proposed metal-assisted method makes the measurement of gases’molecular abundance ratios possible with an FO-LIBS system.
基金supported by the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2013M540934).
文摘This paper proposes a novel numerical solution approach for the kinematic shakedown analysis of strain-hardening thin plates using the C^(1)nodal natural element method(C^(1)nodal NEM).Based on Koiter’s theorem and the von Mises and two-surface yield criteria,a nonlinear mathematical programming formulation is constructed for the kinematic shakedown analysis of strain-hardening thin plates,and the C^(1)nodal NEM is adopted for discretization.Additionally,König’s theory is used to deal with time integration by treating the generalized plastic strain increment at each load vertex.A direct iterative method is developed to linearize and solve this formulation by modifying the relevant objective function and equality constraints at each iteration.Kinematic shakedown load factors are directly calculated in a monotonically converging manner.Numerical examples validate the accuracy and convergence of the developed method and illustrate the influences of limited and unlimited strain-hardening models on the kinematic shakedown load factors of thin square and circular plates.
文摘An analysis of polymer materials behavior under cutting forces load was presented.The analysis was accomplished taking into account the existence and interaction of micro cracks in material.On the basis of modeling representations of a polymeric material behavior at cutting the method of preliminary mechanical destruction a superficial layer of polymeric material was developed.The essence of the method consists in producing micro-cracks in form of blind holes on the upper layer of blanks before turning.The aim of this method is a plastic deformation zones creation under stresses interaction occurring at the adjacent crack apexes.Results of experimental researches of fabric-based laminate turning processing according to the offered method were submitted.The analysis of the received results confirms expediency of application of the given combined method and the decrease of a roughness on the processed surface of fabric-based laminate is testifying about it.
基金Sponsored by Applied Basic Research Project for Young Scholars of Shihezi University(2015ZRKXYQ06)International Cooperation and Exchange Protect of China(2015DFA11660)
文摘Downward surface net radiation,the net energy of the earth's surface obtained through shortwave and longwave radiation process,is the main driving force for material and energy cycle in the whole earth system.In this study,the main research results of monitoring methods of downward surface net radiation at home and abroad in recent decades have been summarized,and main remote sensing radiation products produced according to various sensors have been introduced.Moreover,the monitoring methods of downward shortwave and long-wave radiation have been discussed,and their principles,advantages and disadvantages have been analyzed to provide scientific references for further study of downward surface solar net radiation in future.
基金supported by the Innovation Foundation of Provincial Education Department of Gansu(2024B-005)the Gansu Province National Science Foundation(22YF7GA182)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky2022-kb01)。
文摘Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters according to the monitoring data information in the structural health monitoring(SHM)system,so as to provide a scientific basis for structural damage identification and dynamic model modification.In view of this,this paper reviews methods for identifying structural modal parameters under environmental excitation and briefly describes how to identify structural damages based on the derived modal parameters.The paper primarily introduces data-driven modal parameter recognition methods(e.g.,time-domain,frequency-domain,and time-frequency-domain methods,etc.),briefly describes damage identification methods based on the variations of modal parameters(e.g.,natural frequency,modal shapes,and curvature modal shapes,etc.)and modal validation methods(e.g.,Stability Diagram and Modal Assurance Criterion,etc.).The current status of the application of artificial intelligence(AI)methods in the direction of modal parameter recognition and damage identification is further discussed.Based on the pre-vious analysis,the main development trends of structural modal parameter recognition and damage identification methods are given to provide scientific references for the optimized design and functional upgrading of SHM systems.
基金funded by the project of the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNOOC in the 14th Five-Year Plan(No.KJGG2022-0701)the CNOOC Research Institute(No.2020PFS-03).
文摘To analyze the differences in the transport and distribution of different types of proppants and to address issues such as the short effective support of proppant and poor placement in hydraulically intersecting fractures,this study considered the combined impact of geological-engineering factors on conductivity.Using reservoir production parameters and the discrete elementmethod,multispherical proppants were constructed.Additionally,a 3D fracture model,based on the specified conditions of the L block,employed coupled(Computational Fluid Dynamics)CFD-DEM(Discrete ElementMethod)for joint simulations to quantitatively analyze the transport and placement patterns of multispherical proppants in intersecting fractures.Results indicate that turbulent kinetic energy is an intrinsic factor affecting proppant transport.Moreover,the efficiency of placement and migration distance of low-sphericity quartz sand constructed by the DEM in the main fracture are significantly reduced compared to spherical ceramic proppants,with a 27.7%decrease in the volume fraction of the fracture surface,subsequently affecting the placement concentration and damaging fracture conductivity.Compared to small-angle fractures,controlling artificial and natural fractures to expand at angles of 45°to 60°increases the effective support length by approximately 20.6%.During hydraulic fracturing of gas wells,ensuring the fracture support area and post-closure conductivity can be achieved by controlling the sphericity of proppants and adjusting the perforation direction to control the direction of artificial fractures.
基金funded by the Astronomical Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.U1831114,11941002,and 12073048)。
文摘The radio-occultation observations taken by Tianwen-1 are aiming to study the properties of solar wind.A new method of frequency fluctuation(FF)estimation is presented for processing the down-link signals of Tianwen-1 during the occultation period to study the properties of the coronal plasma at the heliocentric distances of 4.48–19 R_(⊙).Because of low S/N as well as the phase fluctuation phenomena caused by solar activity,a Kalman based on polynomial prediction methods is proposed to avoid the phase locked loop loss lock.A new detrend method based on multi-level iteration correction is proposed to estimate Doppler shift to get more accurate power density spectra of FF in the low frequency region.The data analyze procedure is used to get the properties of the solar corona during the occultation.The method was finally verified at the point when the solar offset is 5.7 R_(⊙),frequency tracking was successfully performed on data with a carrier-to-noise ratio of about 28 dBHz.The density spectra obtained by the improved method are basically the same when the frequency is greater than 2 mHz,the uncertainty in the result of the rms of the FF obtained by removing the trend term with different order polynomials is less than 3.3%.The data without eliminating interference show a large error for different detrending orders,which justifies the need for an improved approach.Finally,the frequency fluctuation results combined with the information on intensity fluctuation obtained by the new method are compared with the results of the integrated Space Weather Analysis system and theoretical formula,which verifies that the processing results in this paper have a certain degree of credibility.
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2903904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51904057 and U1906208).
文摘Due to the heterogeneity of rock masses and the variability of in situ stress,the traditional linear inversion method is insufficiently accurate to achieve high accuracy of the in situ stress field.To address this challenge,nonlinear stress boundaries for a numerical model are determined through regression analysis of a series of nonlinear coefficient matrices,which are derived from the bubbling method.Considering the randomness and flexibility of the bubbling method,a parametric study is conducted to determine recommended ranges for these parameters,including the standard deviation(σb)of bubble radii,the non-uniform coefficient matrix number(λ)for nonlinear stress boundaries,and the number(m)and positions of in situ stress measurement points.A model case study provides a reference for the selection of these parameters.Additionally,when the nonlinear in situ stress inversion method is employed,stress distortion inevitably occurs near model boundaries,aligning with the Saint Venant's principle.Two strategies are proposed accordingly:employing a systematic reduction of nonlinear coefficients to achieve high inversion accuracy while minimizing significant stress distortion,and excluding regions with severe stress distortion near the model edges while utilizing the central part of the model for subsequent simulations.These two strategies have been successfully implemented in the nonlinear in situ stress inversion of the Xincheng Gold Mine and have achieved higher inversion accuracy than the linear method.Specifically,the linear and nonlinear inversion methods yield root mean square errors(RMSE)of 4.15 and 3.2,and inversion relative errors(δAve)of 22.08%and 17.55%,respectively.Therefore,the nonlinear inversion method outperforms the traditional multiple linear regression method,even in the presence of a systematic reduction in the nonlinear stress boundaries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12172023).
文摘The separation-of-variable(SOV)methods,such as the improved SOV method,the variational SOV method,and the extended SOV method,have been proposed by the present authors and coworkers to obtain the closed-form analytical solutions for free vibration and eigenbuckling of rectangular plates and circular cylindrical shells.By taking the free vibration of rectangular thin plates as an example,this work presents the theoretical framework of the SOV methods in an instructive way,and the bisection–based solution procedures for a group of nonlinear eigenvalue equations.Besides,the explicit equations of nodal lines of the SOV methods are presented,and the relations of nodal line patterns and frequency orders are investigated.It is concluded that the highly accurate SOV methods have the same accuracy for all frequencies,the mode shapes about repeated frequencies can also be precisely captured,and the SOV methods do not have the problem of missing roots as well.
