Knowledge of the mechanical behavior of planetary rocks is indispensable for space explorations.The scarcity of pristine samples and the irregular shapes of planetary meteorites make it difficult to obtain representat...Knowledge of the mechanical behavior of planetary rocks is indispensable for space explorations.The scarcity of pristine samples and the irregular shapes of planetary meteorites make it difficult to obtain representative samples for conventional macroscale rock mechanics experiments(macro-RMEs).This critical review discusses recent advances in microscale RMEs(micro-RMEs)techniques and the upscaling methods for extracting mechanical parameters.Methods of mineralogical and microstructural analyses,along with non-destructive mechanical techniques,have provided new opportunities for studying planetary rocks with unprecedented precision and capabilities.First,we summarize several mainstream methods for obtaining the mineralogy and microstructure of planetary rocks.Then,nondestructive micromechanical testing methods,nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy(AFM),are detailed reviewed,illustrating the principles,advantages,influencing factors,and available testing results from literature.Subsequently,several feasible upscaling methods that bridge the micro-measurements of meteorite pieces to the strength of the intact body are introduced.Finally,the potential applications of planetary rock mechanics research to guiding the design and execution of space missions are environed,ranging from sample return missions and planetary defense to extraterrestrial construction.These discussions are expected to broaden the understanding of the microscale mechanical properties of planetary rocks and their significant role in deep space exploration.展开更多
Although significant progress has been made in micromechanical characterization and upscaling of homogeneous materials,systematic investigations into deposition-controlled micro–macro rheological relationships in het...Although significant progress has been made in micromechanical characterization and upscaling of homogeneous materials,systematic investigations into deposition-controlled micro–macro rheological relationships in heterogeneous sedimentary soft rocks remain limited,particularly concerning timedependent viscous parameter upscaling.This study investigates six typical fluvial and lacustrine microfacies from the Ordos Basin,China,including riverbed lag,natural levee,floodplain lake,point bar,sheet sand,and shallow lake mud.Mineral composition and microstructure are characterized,and nanoindentation creep tests quantify viscoelastic properties.A micro–macro upscaling method that transforms the time-domain Burger model into the frequency domain and utilizes three traditional homogenization schemes:dilute approximation,Mori-Tanaka,and self-consistent methods,for comparative estimation of macroscopic rheological parameters is proposed.Microstructural analysis demonstrates distinct fabric patterns controlled by depositional energy.Floodplain lake and sheet sand microfacies show superior rheological stability due to dense quartz skeletons,whereas riverbed lag and shallow lake mud perform poorly,caused by skeleton relaxation and clay-dominated slip,respectively.The point bar microfacies exhibits a“rigid-soft hybrid”behavior,with high long-term stability but reduced transient stability.Comparatively,the frequency-domain upscaling framework developed in this study,incorporating the Mori-Tanaka scheme,demonstrates satisfactory agreement with experimental data,validating its capability to predict macroscopic viscoelastic properties from microstructural features.展开更多
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023TQ0247)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220530140602005)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042023kfyq03)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515111071)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.GZB20230544).
文摘Knowledge of the mechanical behavior of planetary rocks is indispensable for space explorations.The scarcity of pristine samples and the irregular shapes of planetary meteorites make it difficult to obtain representative samples for conventional macroscale rock mechanics experiments(macro-RMEs).This critical review discusses recent advances in microscale RMEs(micro-RMEs)techniques and the upscaling methods for extracting mechanical parameters.Methods of mineralogical and microstructural analyses,along with non-destructive mechanical techniques,have provided new opportunities for studying planetary rocks with unprecedented precision and capabilities.First,we summarize several mainstream methods for obtaining the mineralogy and microstructure of planetary rocks.Then,nondestructive micromechanical testing methods,nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy(AFM),are detailed reviewed,illustrating the principles,advantages,influencing factors,and available testing results from literature.Subsequently,several feasible upscaling methods that bridge the micro-measurements of meteorite pieces to the strength of the intact body are introduced.Finally,the potential applications of planetary rock mechanics research to guiding the design and execution of space missions are environed,ranging from sample return missions and planetary defense to extraterrestrial construction.These discussions are expected to broaden the understanding of the microscale mechanical properties of planetary rocks and their significant role in deep space exploration.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42472334)DeepEarth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2024ZD1004208)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2025M771774)。
文摘Although significant progress has been made in micromechanical characterization and upscaling of homogeneous materials,systematic investigations into deposition-controlled micro–macro rheological relationships in heterogeneous sedimentary soft rocks remain limited,particularly concerning timedependent viscous parameter upscaling.This study investigates six typical fluvial and lacustrine microfacies from the Ordos Basin,China,including riverbed lag,natural levee,floodplain lake,point bar,sheet sand,and shallow lake mud.Mineral composition and microstructure are characterized,and nanoindentation creep tests quantify viscoelastic properties.A micro–macro upscaling method that transforms the time-domain Burger model into the frequency domain and utilizes three traditional homogenization schemes:dilute approximation,Mori-Tanaka,and self-consistent methods,for comparative estimation of macroscopic rheological parameters is proposed.Microstructural analysis demonstrates distinct fabric patterns controlled by depositional energy.Floodplain lake and sheet sand microfacies show superior rheological stability due to dense quartz skeletons,whereas riverbed lag and shallow lake mud perform poorly,caused by skeleton relaxation and clay-dominated slip,respectively.The point bar microfacies exhibits a“rigid-soft hybrid”behavior,with high long-term stability but reduced transient stability.Comparatively,the frequency-domain upscaling framework developed in this study,incorporating the Mori-Tanaka scheme,demonstrates satisfactory agreement with experimental data,validating its capability to predict macroscopic viscoelastic properties from microstructural features.
