BACKGROUND The discrepancy between endoscopic biopsy pathology and the overall pathology of gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN)presents challenges in developing diagnostic and treatment protocols.AIM To ...BACKGROUND The discrepancy between endoscopic biopsy pathology and the overall pathology of gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN)presents challenges in developing diagnostic and treatment protocols.AIM To develop a risk prediction model for the pathological upgrading of gastric LGIN to aid clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from patients newly diagnosed with gastric LGIN who underwent complete endoscopic resection within 6 months at the First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital between January 2008 and December 2023.A risk prediction model for the pathological progression of gastric LGIN was constructed and evaluated for accuracy and clinical applicability.RESULTS A total of 171 patients were included in this study:93 patients with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or early gastric cancer and 78 with LGIN.The logistic stepwise regression model demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 0.868 and 0.800,respectively,while the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression model showed sensitivity and specificity values of 0.842 and 0.840,respectively.The area under the curve(AUC)for the logistic model was 0.896,slightly lower than the AUC of 0.904 for the LASSO model.Internal validation with 30%of the data yielded AUC scores of 0.908 for the logistic model and 0.905 for the LASSO model.The LASSO model provided greater utility in clinical decision-making.CONCLUSION A risk prediction model for the pathological upgrading of gastric LGIN based on white-light and magnifying endoscopic features can accurately and effectively guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Taking Zhejiang Province as an example,this paper explores the mechanisms and implementation pathways through which the low-altitude economy drives the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry.It finds tha...Taking Zhejiang Province as an example,this paper explores the mechanisms and implementation pathways through which the low-altitude economy drives the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry.It finds that the low-altitude economy can effectively promote the development of high-end and diversified tourism in Zhejiang by innovating tourism formats,optimizing resource allocation,and enhancing tourist experiences.Besides,it analyzes the current development status of the low-altitude economy in Zhejiang and its potential for integration with tourism,revealing specific enabling pathways for tourism transformation,including low-altitude sightseeing,aviation tourism,and low-altitude sports.Finally,it proposes policy recommendations such as strengthening policy support,enhancing infrastructure development,and cultivating market entities.The findings aim to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the high-quality development of tourism in Zhejiang Province.展开更多
Integrating electrochemical upgrading of glycerol and water electrolysis is regarded as a promising and energy-saving approach for the co-production of chemicals and hydrogen.However,developing efficient electrocataly...Integrating electrochemical upgrading of glycerol and water electrolysis is regarded as a promising and energy-saving approach for the co-production of chemicals and hydrogen.However,developing efficient electrocatalyst towards this technology remains challenging.Herein,a metallic cobalt mediated molybdenum nitride heterostructural material has been exploited on nickel foam(Co@Mo_(2)N/NF)for the glycerol oxidation reaction(GOR)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Remarkably,the obtained Co@Mo_(2)N/NF realizes eminent performance with low overpotential of 49 mV at 50 mA/cm^(2)for HER and high Faradaic efficiency of formate of 95.03%at 1.35 V vs.RHE for GOR,respectively.The systematic in-situ experiments reveal that the Co@Mo_(2)N heterostructure promotes the cleavage of C-C bond in glycerol by active CoOOH species and boosts the conversion of glycerol to aldehyde intermediates to formate product.Moreover,the density functional theory(DFT)calculations confirm the strong interaction at Co@Mo_(2)N interface,which contributes to the optimized water dissociation and the transformation of H^(*)to H^(2).Benefiting from those advantages,the built HER||GOR electrolyzer delivers a low voltage of 1.61 V at 50 mA/cm^(2),high Faradaic efficiency,and robust stability over 120 h for sustained and stable electrolysis.展开更多
Transition metal-based electrocatalysts are a promising alternative to noble metal catalysts for electrochemical upgrading of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)into high-value 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA...Transition metal-based electrocatalysts are a promising alternative to noble metal catalysts for electrochemical upgrading of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)into high-value 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA).However,the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts with precisely tailored structure-activity correlations remains a critical challenge.Herein,we report a hierarchically structured self-supporting electrode(Vo-NiCo(OH)_(2)-NF)synthesized through in situ electrochemical reconstruction of NiCo-Prussian blue analogue(NiCo-PBA)precursor,in which oxygen vacancy(Vo)-rich Co-doped Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheet arrays are vertically aligned on nickel foam(NF),creating an interconnected conductive network.When evaluated for the HMF oxidation reaction(HMFOR),Vo-NiCo(OH)_(2)-NF exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance,achieving near-complete HMF conversion(99%),ultrahigh FDCA Faradaic efficiency(97.5%),and remarkable product yield(96.2%)at 1.45 V,outperforming conventional Co-doped Ni(OH)_(2)(NiCo(OH)_(2)-NF)and pristine Ni(OH)_(2)(Ni(OH)_(2)-NF)electrodes.By combining in situ spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations,we elucidate that the synergistic effects of Co-doping and oxygen vacancy engineering effectively modulate the electronic structure of Ni active centers,favor the formation of high-valent Ni^(3+)species,and optimize HMF adsorption,thereby improving the HMFOR performance.This work provides valuable mechanistic insights for catalyst design and may inspire the development of advanced transition metal-based electrodes for efficient biomass conversion systems.展开更多
Photocatalytic selective synthesis of lactic acid(LA)from biomass sugars with a single heterogeneous catalyst is promising but challenging due to the multiple reaction steps involved.Herein,a K-doped C-rich red polyme...Photocatalytic selective synthesis of lactic acid(LA)from biomass sugars with a single heterogeneous catalyst is promising but challenging due to the multiple reaction steps involved.Herein,a K-doped C-rich red polymerized carbon nitride(RPCN)photocatalyst with uniform K/C dual sites was constructed by a molten salt template method,which was highly efficient for cascade isomerization dehydration of glucose to LA with>90%selectivity under visible light and gentle conditions.Control experiments and theoretical calculations expounded that the introduced K/C dual sites could improve the light capture ability and photogenerated charge separation efficiency,while the K species provided sufficient Lewis acid sites(adsorption sites)for the isomerization of glucose to fructose.Meanwhile,the introduced C sites that substitute N atoms could promote electrons to be captured by adsorbed oxygen for selective generation of superoxide radicals,which was highly efficient for the scission of the C3-C4 bond in fructose,exclusively furnishing LA.Importantly,the RPCN photocatalyst was also suitable for the photocatalytic upgrading of various biomass saccharides into LA with high yields of 81.3%-95.3%and could be recycled for five consecutive cycles.The tailored construction of dual sites by localization of space charge lightens an avenue for multi-step conversion of biomass with pronounced selectivity.展开更多
Developing energy-efficient nitrite-to-ammonia(NO_(2)RR)conversion technologies while simultaneously enabling the electrochemical upcycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate(PET)plastics into highvalue-added chemica...Developing energy-efficient nitrite-to-ammonia(NO_(2)RR)conversion technologies while simultaneously enabling the electrochemical upcycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate(PET)plastics into highvalue-added chemicals is of great significance.Herein,an atomic oxygen vacancy(V_(o))engineering is developed to optimize the catalytic performance of V_(o2)-Co(OH)F nanoarray towards the NO_(2)RR and PET-derived ethylene glycol oxidation reaction(EGOR).The optimal V_(o2)-Co(OH)F achieves an ultralow operating potential of -0.03 V vs.RHE at -100 mA cm^(-2)and a remarkable NH_(3)Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 98.4% at -0.2 V vs.RHE for NO_(2)RR,and a high formate FE of 98.03% for EGOR.Operando spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations revealed that oxygen vacancies play a crucial role in optimizing the electronic structure of V_(o2)-Co(OH)F,modulating the adsorption free energies of key reaction intermediates,and lowering the reaction energy barrier,thereby enhancing its overall catalytic performance.Remarkably,the V_(o2)-Co(OH)F-based NO_(2)RR||EGOR electrolyzer realized high NH_(3)and formate yield rates of 33.9 and 44.9 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2)at 1.7 V,respectively,while demonstrating outstanding long-term stability over 100 h.This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts for co-electrolysis systems.展开更多
With the swift advancement of the modern economy,the digital economy has progressively merged into various sectors.By leveraging cutting-edge information technology,it has become a pivotal strategy to enhance both pro...With the swift advancement of the modern economy,the digital economy has progressively merged into various sectors.By leveraging cutting-edge information technology,it has become a pivotal strategy to enhance both production efficiency and quality,representing the inevitable route for the transformation and upgrading of modern enterprises and industries.As the digital economy continues to develop and spread,technology has not only given rise to numerous new industries but also fostered a conducive environment for the transformation and upgrading of traditional sectors.This study takes this context as its research backdrop,examining the development background of the digital economy.It outlines the impact mechanisms through which the digital economy influences industrial structure upgrading and subsequently identifies the specific effects of the digital economy on such upgrades.Furthermore,it constructs a reform paradigm for the digital economy aimed at facilitating the upgrading of industrial structures.展开更多
To satisfy the increasing global energy demand,while searching for new energy sources,it’s important to take a closer look at the resources already at our disposal and optimize their use.This comprehensive review exp...To satisfy the increasing global energy demand,while searching for new energy sources,it’s important to take a closer look at the resources already at our disposal and optimize their use.This comprehensive review explores the evolving landscape of unconventional oil resources,focusing on the environmental and economic implica-tions of bitumen partial upgrading technologies,particularly within the Canadian context.With over 55%of the world’s oil reserves comprising of unconventional oil,which includes extra-heavy oil and oil sand bitumen,there is a growing trend to shift from traditional oil sources to these abundant yet under-utilized reserves.This review delves into the challenges and advancements in bitumen partial upgrading,highlighting the latest technologies in thermal cracking,hydrocracking,catalytic cracking,and innovative methods like surfactant integration,cavi-tation,microwave,and plasma-assisted upgrading.It also discusses the environmental implications and eco-nomic feasibility of these technologies,emphasizing the necessity for sustainable and cost-effective solutions at petroleum field sites.Furthermore,the report introduces the transformative concept of Bitumen Beyond Com-bustion(BBC),which explores the non-combustion uses of bitumen and its asphaltene fraction in manufacturing high-value carbon-based products.These novel approaches align with global sustainability goals,offering the potential for significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and new routes to diversify the economic ap-plications of bitumen.The review then concludes with an assessment of current challenges and future research directions,advocating for a balanced approach that harmonizes technological innovation,environmental stewardship,and economic viability in the field of bitumen upgrading.展开更多
Cross-border e-commerce has emerged as a new growth point in foreign trade.While the Dalian comprehensive pilot zone has made some progress,its development is constrained by issues such as the global economic slowdown...Cross-border e-commerce has emerged as a new growth point in foreign trade.While the Dalian comprehensive pilot zone has made some progress,its development is constrained by issues such as the global economic slowdown,the relatively small scale of cross-border e-commerce,a high concentration of export commodities,imperfect information mechanisms,and high overall costs.To address these challenges,this paper explores the importance of the construction of the Dalian comprehensive pilot zone for cross-border e-commerce to the transformation and upgrading of exports.Based on my research project,“Research on Path Optimization of Financial Support for the Development of Advanced Manufacturing Clusters in Dalian,”this paper analyzes the current challenges and limiting factors and proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.展开更多
Under the background of this era,green finance and the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure have become a hot research topic.The article focuses on Jiangsu Province,carefully explores the impact of green...Under the background of this era,green finance and the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure have become a hot research topic.The article focuses on Jiangsu Province,carefully explores the impact of green financial development on the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure and the real effect,collates and summarizes the theories of green finance and industrial structure at home and abroad,and carefully analyzes the development of green finance in Jiangsu Province,such as the gradual expansion of green credit scale,the characteristics of industrial structure,the change of the proportion of three industries,the development situation of emerging industries and so on.By means of econometrics,an empirical model covering Green Financial Development Indicators and industrial structure optimization indicators is established to do multiple linear regression analysis and stability test.The empirical results show that the development of green finance in Jiangsu plays an obvious positive role in the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.Green finance is environmental protection,new energy and other green industries are given important financial support,which drives their scale expansion and technological innovation,and makes the industrial structure develop towards a higher level and a more reasonable direction.From this point of view,corresponding proposals are put forward to improve the policy incentive system,add green financial products,and strengthen the construction of green financial market.The purpose is to give better play to the advantages of green finance,accelerate the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in Jiangsu,and provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for achieving green economic transformation and sustainable development.展开更多
With the deepening of international agricultural division of labor,trade methods have shifted from traditional bilateral trade to agricultural global value chain(AGVC)trade.Sanitary and Phytosanitary(SPS)measures are ...With the deepening of international agricultural division of labor,trade methods have shifted from traditional bilateral trade to agricultural global value chain(AGVC)trade.Sanitary and Phytosanitary(SPS)measures are a crucial factor affecting agricultural trade and a key variable in AGVC governance.This paper,based on the 2012-2020 University of International Business and Economics Global Value Chain Index(UIBE GVC Index)and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Non-Tariff Measures Database(UNCTAD NTMs Database),measures the structural heterogeneity and breadth heterogeneity of SPS measures.It also constructs mathematical models and fixed-effects models to explore the impact of SPS heterogeneity on AGVC upgrading.The findings reveal that the heterogeneity of SPS measures exerts a significant inhibitory effect on the upgrading of agricultural global value chains.Moreover,compared to developed countries,a reduction in SPS measures’heterogeneity demonstrates a more pronounced positive impact on AGVC upgrading in developing countries.展开更多
ESG(Environmental,Social,and Governance)performance has emerged as a central metric in assessing corporate sustainability.Utilizing ESG rating data for A-share listed companies on the Shanghai Stock Exchange spanning ...ESG(Environmental,Social,and Governance)performance has emerged as a central metric in assessing corporate sustainability.Utilizing ESG rating data for A-share listed companies on the Shanghai Stock Exchange spanning from 2019 to 2022,coupled with measures of corporate transformation and upgrading,this study introduces green innovation as a mediating variable to dissect the impact of ESG ratings on corporate transformation and upgrading.The key findings of this research are as follows:(1)ESG ratings positively influence corporate transformation and upgrading,a conclusion that retains robustness after a comprehensive series of tests and discussions on endogeneity.(2)Mechanism analysis reveals that ESG ratings foster corporate transformation and upgrading by enhancing corporate green innovation.(3)In comparison with other industries,the influence of ESG ratings on corporate transformation and upgrading is notably more pronounced among heavily polluting industries among listed companies in China.Additionally,ESG ratings exhibit a more significant promotional effect on non-state-owned enterprises compared to state-owned enterprises.Larger enterprises play a more substantial role in transformation and upgrading than small and medium-sized enterprises.The promotional effect of ESG ratings is more evident in enterprises with poor information disclosure quality.Furthermore,as media attention increases,so does the impact of ESG ratings on corporate transformation.This study offers valuable policy insights from the ESG rating perspective,aiming to propel corporate transformation and upgrading,thereby contributing to economic high-quality and sustainable development.展开更多
The game theory is applied to analyze the benefits and losses of trade confliction between China and USA/EU in textile and clothing industry. Current situations of Chinese textile and clothing industry are also analyz...The game theory is applied to analyze the benefits and losses of trade confliction between China and USA/EU in textile and clothing industry. Current situations of Chinese textile and clothing industry are also analyzed. The innovative upgrading paths of Chinese textile and clothing industry are suggested to realize from OEM, ODM to OBM in order to increase the competitive capacity, to add additional values, and to avoid the trade barriers of international market. The countermeasures and suggestiov.s are also put forward to make full use of comparative and backwardness advantages of China to win the game in the world market.展开更多
The next-generation RAN,known as Open Radio Access Network(ORAN),allows for several advantages,including cost-effectiveness,network flexibility,and interoperability.Now ORAN applications,utilising machine learning(ML)...The next-generation RAN,known as Open Radio Access Network(ORAN),allows for several advantages,including cost-effectiveness,network flexibility,and interoperability.Now ORAN applications,utilising machine learning(ML)and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques,have become standard practice.The need for Federated Learning(FL)for ML model training in ORAN environments is heightened by the modularised structure of the ORAN architecture and the shortcomings of conventional ML techniques.However,the traditional plaintext model update sharing of FL in multi-BS contexts is susceptible to privacy violations such as deep-leakage gradient assaults and inference.Therefore,this research presents a novel blockchain-assisted improved cryptographic privacy-preserving federated learning(BICPPFL)model,with the help of ORAN,to safely carry out federated learning and protect privacy.This model improves on the conventional masking technique for sharing model parameters by adding new characteristics.These features include the choice of distributed aggregators,validation for final model aggregation,and individual validation for BSs.To manage the security and privacy of FL processes,a combined homomorphic proxy-reencryption(HPReE)and lattice-cryptographic method(HPReEL)has been used.The upgraded delegated proof of stake(Up-DPoS)consensus protocol,which will provide quick validation of model exchanges and protect against malicious attacks,is employed for effective consensus across blockchain nodes.Without sacrificing performance metrics,the BICPPFL model strengthens privacy and adds security layers while facilitating the transfer of sensitive data across several BSs.The framework is deployed on top of a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain to evaluate its effectiveness.The experimental findings prove the reliability and privacy-preserving capability of the BICPPFL model.展开更多
Intelligent technologies are leading to the next wave of industrial revolution in manufacturing.In developed economies,firms are embracing these advanced technologies following a sequential upgrading strategy-from dig...Intelligent technologies are leading to the next wave of industrial revolution in manufacturing.In developed economies,firms are embracing these advanced technologies following a sequential upgrading strategy-from digital manufacturing to smart manufacturing(digital-networked),and then to newgeneration intelligent manufacturing paradigms.However,Chinese firms face a different scenario.On the one hand,they have diverse technological bases that vary from low-end electrified machinery to leading-edge digital-network technologies;thus,they may not follow an identical upgrading pathway.On the other hand,Chinese firms aim to rapidly catch up and transition from technology followers to probable frontrunners;thus,the turbulences in the transitioning phase may trigger a precious opportunity for leapfrogging,if Chinese manufacturers can swiftly acquire domain expertise through the adoption of intelligent manufacturing technologies.This study addresses the following question by conducting multiple case studies:Can Chinese firms upgrade intelligent manufacturing through different pathways than the sequential one followed in developed economies?The data sources include semistructured interviews and archival data.This study finds that Chinese manufacturing firms have a variety of pathways to transition across the three technological paradigms of intelligent manufacturing in nonconsecutive ways.This finding implies that Chinese firms may strategize their own upgrading pathways toward intelligent manufacturing according to their capabilities and industrial specifics;furthermore,this finding can be extended to other catching-up economies.This paper provides a strategic roadmap as an explanatory guide to manufacturing firms,policymakers,and investors.展开更多
A series of Cu-Mg-Al hydrotalcites derived oxides with a(Cu+Mg)/Al mole ratio of 3 and varied Cu/Mg mole ratio(from 0.07 to 0.30) were prepared by co-precipitation and calcination methods, then they were introduced to...A series of Cu-Mg-Al hydrotalcites derived oxides with a(Cu+Mg)/Al mole ratio of 3 and varied Cu/Mg mole ratio(from 0.07 to 0.30) were prepared by co-precipitation and calcination methods, then they were introduced to the hydrogenation of furfural in aqueous-phase. Effects of Cu/Mg mole ratio, reaction temperature, initial hydrogen pressure, reaction time and catalyst amount on the conversion rate of furfural as well as the selectivity toward desired product cyclopentanol were systematically investigated. The conversion of furfural over calcined hydrotalcite catalyst with a Cu/Mg mole ratio of 0.2 was up to 98.5% when the reaction was carried out under 140 ?C and the initial hydrogen pressure of 4 MPa for 10 h, while the selectivity toward cyclopentanol was up to 94.8%. The catalysts were characterized by XRD and SEM. XRD diffraction of all the samples showed characteristic pattern of hydrotalcite with varied peak intensity as a result of different Cu content. The catalytic activity was improved gradually with the increase of Cu component in the hydrotalcite.展开更多
To analyze the performance of the Prostate Health Index(phi)and its derivatives for predicting Gleason score(GS)upgrading between prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy(RP)in the Chinese population,an observational...To analyze the performance of the Prostate Health Index(phi)and its derivatives for predicting Gleason score(GS)upgrading between prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy(RP)in the Chinese population,an observational,prospective RP cohort consisting of 351 patients from two medical centers was established from January 2017 to September 2020.Pathological reclassification was determined by the Gleason Grade Group(GG).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and logistic regression(LR)models were used to evaluate the predictive performance of predictors.In clinically low-risk patients with biopsy GG≤2,phi(odds ratio[OR]=1.80,95%confidence interval[95%CI]:1.14-2.82,P=0.01)and its derivative phi density(PHID;OR=2.34,95%CI:1.30-4.20,P=0.005)were significantly associated with upgrading to GG≥3 after RP,and the results were confirmed by multivariable analysis.Similar results were observed in patients with biopsy GG of 1 for the prediction of upgrading to RP GG≥2.Compared to the base model(AUC=0.59),addition of the phi or PHID could provide additional predictive value for GS upgrading in low-risk patients(AUC=0.69 and 0.71,respectively,both P<0.05).In conclusion,phi and PHID could predict GS upgrading after RP in clinically low-risk patients.展开更多
Recommendations for managing clinically localized prostate cancer are structured around clinical risk criteria,with prostate biopsy(PB)Gleason score(GS)being the most important factor.Biopsy to radical prostatectomy(R...Recommendations for managing clinically localized prostate cancer are structured around clinical risk criteria,with prostate biopsy(PB)Gleason score(GS)being the most important factor.Biopsy to radical prostatectomy(RP)specimen upgrading/downgrading is welldescribed,and is often the ratio nale for costly imaging or genomic studies.We prese nt simple,no-cost an a lyses of clinical parametersto predict which GS 6 and GS 8 patients will change to GS 7 at prostatectomy.From May 2006 to December 2012,1590 patientsunderwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).After exclusions,we identified a GS 6 cohort of 374 patients and a GS 8cohort of 91 patients.During this era,>1000 additional patients were enrolled in an active surveillanee(AS)program.For GS 6,265(70.9%)of 374 patients were upgraded,and the cohort included 183(48.9%)patients eligible for AS by the Prostate Cancer ResearchInternational Active Surveillance Study(PRIAS)standards,of which 57.9%were upgraded.PB features that predicted a>90%chanceof upgrading included≥7 cores positive,maximum foci length≥8 mm in any core,and total tumor involvement≥30%.For GS 8,downgrading occurred in 46(50.5%),which was significantly higher for single core versus multiple cores(80.4%vs 19.6%,P=0.011).Biochemical recurre nee(BCR)occurred in 3.4%of GS 6 upgraded versus 0%non upgraded,and in GS 8,19.6%downgraded versus42.2%nondown graded.In coun seling men with clin ically localized prostate can cer,the odds of GS cha nge should be presented,andcertain men with high-volume GS 6 or low-volume GS 8 can be counseled with GS 7-based recommendations.展开更多
Conversion of Fischer-Tropsch wax into high quality synthetic crude or finished transportation fuels such as premium diesel has been studied over the past 15 years within BP. Catalyst screening and selection was carri...Conversion of Fischer-Tropsch wax into high quality synthetic crude or finished transportation fuels such as premium diesel has been studied over the past 15 years within BP. Catalyst screening and selection was carried out in dedicated micro-reactors and pilot plants, whose designs are critical to the performance selection. Variation in catalyst composition and defining the gas to oil feed ratios with the operating temperature are a few of the parameters studied. Product selection and maximizing diesel yield combined with stability （catalyst life） were the ultimate drivers. The selected catalyst was then tested under commercial conditions in a dedicated 300 barrel per day demonstration plant. The products were also tested in engines to assess their combustion characteristics.展开更多
Guaiacol was chosen to represent O-containing chemicals with lower effective hydrogen carbon ratio（H/Ceff factor） in bio-oil,and the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol was investigated over non-precious and nonsulfided ...Guaiacol was chosen to represent O-containing chemicals with lower effective hydrogen carbon ratio（H/Ceff factor） in bio-oil,and the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol was investigated over non-precious and nonsulfided catalysts. Effects of metal composition,reaction temperature,and hydrogen pressure on conversion and selectivity were investigated systematically. Among various compositions of catalysts,Ni Co/CNT exhibited best performance of guaiacol conversion with higher selectivity towards desired alcohols with higher H/Cefffactor. The reaction pathways of guaiacol in aqueous were proposed based on the product analyzed.Results show that metal composition and temperature have great effects on the conversion of guaiacol and the yields of desired products.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFC2503600。
文摘BACKGROUND The discrepancy between endoscopic biopsy pathology and the overall pathology of gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN)presents challenges in developing diagnostic and treatment protocols.AIM To develop a risk prediction model for the pathological upgrading of gastric LGIN to aid clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from patients newly diagnosed with gastric LGIN who underwent complete endoscopic resection within 6 months at the First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital between January 2008 and December 2023.A risk prediction model for the pathological progression of gastric LGIN was constructed and evaluated for accuracy and clinical applicability.RESULTS A total of 171 patients were included in this study:93 patients with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or early gastric cancer and 78 with LGIN.The logistic stepwise regression model demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 0.868 and 0.800,respectively,while the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression model showed sensitivity and specificity values of 0.842 and 0.840,respectively.The area under the curve(AUC)for the logistic model was 0.896,slightly lower than the AUC of 0.904 for the LASSO model.Internal validation with 30%of the data yielded AUC scores of 0.908 for the logistic model and 0.905 for the LASSO model.The LASSO model provided greater utility in clinical decision-making.CONCLUSION A risk prediction model for the pathological upgrading of gastric LGIN based on white-light and magnifying endoscopic features can accurately and effectively guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.
文摘Taking Zhejiang Province as an example,this paper explores the mechanisms and implementation pathways through which the low-altitude economy drives the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry.It finds that the low-altitude economy can effectively promote the development of high-end and diversified tourism in Zhejiang by innovating tourism formats,optimizing resource allocation,and enhancing tourist experiences.Besides,it analyzes the current development status of the low-altitude economy in Zhejiang and its potential for integration with tourism,revealing specific enabling pathways for tourism transformation,including low-altitude sightseeing,aviation tourism,and low-altitude sports.Finally,it proposes policy recommendations such as strengthening policy support,enhancing infrastructure development,and cultivating market entities.The findings aim to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the high-quality development of tourism in Zhejiang Province.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22205205)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ24E040002)the Science Foundation of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(ZSTU)(Nos.21062337Y,LW-YP2024076)。
文摘Integrating electrochemical upgrading of glycerol and water electrolysis is regarded as a promising and energy-saving approach for the co-production of chemicals and hydrogen.However,developing efficient electrocatalyst towards this technology remains challenging.Herein,a metallic cobalt mediated molybdenum nitride heterostructural material has been exploited on nickel foam(Co@Mo_(2)N/NF)for the glycerol oxidation reaction(GOR)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Remarkably,the obtained Co@Mo_(2)N/NF realizes eminent performance with low overpotential of 49 mV at 50 mA/cm^(2)for HER and high Faradaic efficiency of formate of 95.03%at 1.35 V vs.RHE for GOR,respectively.The systematic in-situ experiments reveal that the Co@Mo_(2)N heterostructure promotes the cleavage of C-C bond in glycerol by active CoOOH species and boosts the conversion of glycerol to aldehyde intermediates to formate product.Moreover,the density functional theory(DFT)calculations confirm the strong interaction at Co@Mo_(2)N interface,which contributes to the optimized water dissociation and the transformation of H^(*)to H^(2).Benefiting from those advantages,the built HER||GOR electrolyzer delivers a low voltage of 1.61 V at 50 mA/cm^(2),high Faradaic efficiency,and robust stability over 120 h for sustained and stable electrolysis.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(22372039 and 22305247)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2021J06010)the Fuzhou University Testing Fund of Precious Apparatus(2025T022)。
文摘Transition metal-based electrocatalysts are a promising alternative to noble metal catalysts for electrochemical upgrading of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)into high-value 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA).However,the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts with precisely tailored structure-activity correlations remains a critical challenge.Herein,we report a hierarchically structured self-supporting electrode(Vo-NiCo(OH)_(2)-NF)synthesized through in situ electrochemical reconstruction of NiCo-Prussian blue analogue(NiCo-PBA)precursor,in which oxygen vacancy(Vo)-rich Co-doped Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheet arrays are vertically aligned on nickel foam(NF),creating an interconnected conductive network.When evaluated for the HMF oxidation reaction(HMFOR),Vo-NiCo(OH)_(2)-NF exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance,achieving near-complete HMF conversion(99%),ultrahigh FDCA Faradaic efficiency(97.5%),and remarkable product yield(96.2%)at 1.45 V,outperforming conventional Co-doped Ni(OH)_(2)(NiCo(OH)_(2)-NF)and pristine Ni(OH)_(2)(Ni(OH)_(2)-NF)electrodes.By combining in situ spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations,we elucidate that the synergistic effects of Co-doping and oxygen vacancy engineering effectively modulate the electronic structure of Ni active centers,favor the formation of high-valent Ni^(3+)species,and optimize HMF adsorption,thereby improving the HMFOR performance.This work provides valuable mechanistic insights for catalyst design and may inspire the development of advanced transition metal-based electrodes for efficient biomass conversion systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22368014 and 22478087)Guizhou Provincial S&T Project(Nos.GCC[2023]011 and ZK[2022]011).
文摘Photocatalytic selective synthesis of lactic acid(LA)from biomass sugars with a single heterogeneous catalyst is promising but challenging due to the multiple reaction steps involved.Herein,a K-doped C-rich red polymerized carbon nitride(RPCN)photocatalyst with uniform K/C dual sites was constructed by a molten salt template method,which was highly efficient for cascade isomerization dehydration of glucose to LA with>90%selectivity under visible light and gentle conditions.Control experiments and theoretical calculations expounded that the introduced K/C dual sites could improve the light capture ability and photogenerated charge separation efficiency,while the K species provided sufficient Lewis acid sites(adsorption sites)for the isomerization of glucose to fructose.Meanwhile,the introduced C sites that substitute N atoms could promote electrons to be captured by adsorbed oxygen for selective generation of superoxide radicals,which was highly efficient for the scission of the C3-C4 bond in fructose,exclusively furnishing LA.Importantly,the RPCN photocatalyst was also suitable for the photocatalytic upgrading of various biomass saccharides into LA with high yields of 81.3%-95.3%and could be recycled for five consecutive cycles.The tailored construction of dual sites by localization of space charge lightens an avenue for multi-step conversion of biomass with pronounced selectivity.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22205205)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(ZSTU,25262157Y)the staff of beamline BL11B and BL13SSW at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility for experimental support。
文摘Developing energy-efficient nitrite-to-ammonia(NO_(2)RR)conversion technologies while simultaneously enabling the electrochemical upcycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate(PET)plastics into highvalue-added chemicals is of great significance.Herein,an atomic oxygen vacancy(V_(o))engineering is developed to optimize the catalytic performance of V_(o2)-Co(OH)F nanoarray towards the NO_(2)RR and PET-derived ethylene glycol oxidation reaction(EGOR).The optimal V_(o2)-Co(OH)F achieves an ultralow operating potential of -0.03 V vs.RHE at -100 mA cm^(-2)and a remarkable NH_(3)Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 98.4% at -0.2 V vs.RHE for NO_(2)RR,and a high formate FE of 98.03% for EGOR.Operando spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations revealed that oxygen vacancies play a crucial role in optimizing the electronic structure of V_(o2)-Co(OH)F,modulating the adsorption free energies of key reaction intermediates,and lowering the reaction energy barrier,thereby enhancing its overall catalytic performance.Remarkably,the V_(o2)-Co(OH)F-based NO_(2)RR||EGOR electrolyzer realized high NH_(3)and formate yield rates of 33.9 and 44.9 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2)at 1.7 V,respectively,while demonstrating outstanding long-term stability over 100 h.This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts for co-electrolysis systems.
文摘With the swift advancement of the modern economy,the digital economy has progressively merged into various sectors.By leveraging cutting-edge information technology,it has become a pivotal strategy to enhance both production efficiency and quality,representing the inevitable route for the transformation and upgrading of modern enterprises and industries.As the digital economy continues to develop and spread,technology has not only given rise to numerous new industries but also fostered a conducive environment for the transformation and upgrading of traditional sectors.This study takes this context as its research backdrop,examining the development background of the digital economy.It outlines the impact mechanisms through which the digital economy influences industrial structure upgrading and subsequently identifies the specific effects of the digital economy on such upgrades.Furthermore,it constructs a reform paradigm for the digital economy aimed at facilitating the upgrading of industrial structures.
文摘To satisfy the increasing global energy demand,while searching for new energy sources,it’s important to take a closer look at the resources already at our disposal and optimize their use.This comprehensive review explores the evolving landscape of unconventional oil resources,focusing on the environmental and economic implica-tions of bitumen partial upgrading technologies,particularly within the Canadian context.With over 55%of the world’s oil reserves comprising of unconventional oil,which includes extra-heavy oil and oil sand bitumen,there is a growing trend to shift from traditional oil sources to these abundant yet under-utilized reserves.This review delves into the challenges and advancements in bitumen partial upgrading,highlighting the latest technologies in thermal cracking,hydrocracking,catalytic cracking,and innovative methods like surfactant integration,cavi-tation,microwave,and plasma-assisted upgrading.It also discusses the environmental implications and eco-nomic feasibility of these technologies,emphasizing the necessity for sustainable and cost-effective solutions at petroleum field sites.Furthermore,the report introduces the transformative concept of Bitumen Beyond Com-bustion(BBC),which explores the non-combustion uses of bitumen and its asphaltene fraction in manufacturing high-value carbon-based products.These novel approaches align with global sustainability goals,offering the potential for significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and new routes to diversify the economic ap-plications of bitumen.The review then concludes with an assessment of current challenges and future research directions,advocating for a balanced approach that harmonizes technological innovation,environmental stewardship,and economic viability in the field of bitumen upgrading.
文摘Cross-border e-commerce has emerged as a new growth point in foreign trade.While the Dalian comprehensive pilot zone has made some progress,its development is constrained by issues such as the global economic slowdown,the relatively small scale of cross-border e-commerce,a high concentration of export commodities,imperfect information mechanisms,and high overall costs.To address these challenges,this paper explores the importance of the construction of the Dalian comprehensive pilot zone for cross-border e-commerce to the transformation and upgrading of exports.Based on my research project,“Research on Path Optimization of Financial Support for the Development of Advanced Manufacturing Clusters in Dalian,”this paper analyzes the current challenges and limiting factors and proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
基金The Impact of Digital Economy on Green Development Efficiency.2025 Nanjing University of Science and Technology Zijin College Campus Level Scientific Research Project(Project No.:2025ZXSK0401011)。
文摘Under the background of this era,green finance and the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure have become a hot research topic.The article focuses on Jiangsu Province,carefully explores the impact of green financial development on the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure and the real effect,collates and summarizes the theories of green finance and industrial structure at home and abroad,and carefully analyzes the development of green finance in Jiangsu Province,such as the gradual expansion of green credit scale,the characteristics of industrial structure,the change of the proportion of three industries,the development situation of emerging industries and so on.By means of econometrics,an empirical model covering Green Financial Development Indicators and industrial structure optimization indicators is established to do multiple linear regression analysis and stability test.The empirical results show that the development of green finance in Jiangsu plays an obvious positive role in the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.Green finance is environmental protection,new energy and other green industries are given important financial support,which drives their scale expansion and technological innovation,and makes the industrial structure develop towards a higher level and a more reasonable direction.From this point of view,corresponding proposals are put forward to improve the policy incentive system,add green financial products,and strengthen the construction of green financial market.The purpose is to give better play to the advantages of green finance,accelerate the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in Jiangsu,and provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for achieving green economic transformation and sustainable development.
文摘With the deepening of international agricultural division of labor,trade methods have shifted from traditional bilateral trade to agricultural global value chain(AGVC)trade.Sanitary and Phytosanitary(SPS)measures are a crucial factor affecting agricultural trade and a key variable in AGVC governance.This paper,based on the 2012-2020 University of International Business and Economics Global Value Chain Index(UIBE GVC Index)and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Non-Tariff Measures Database(UNCTAD NTMs Database),measures the structural heterogeneity and breadth heterogeneity of SPS measures.It also constructs mathematical models and fixed-effects models to explore the impact of SPS heterogeneity on AGVC upgrading.The findings reveal that the heterogeneity of SPS measures exerts a significant inhibitory effect on the upgrading of agricultural global value chains.Moreover,compared to developed countries,a reduction in SPS measures’heterogeneity demonstrates a more pronounced positive impact on AGVC upgrading in developing countries.
文摘ESG(Environmental,Social,and Governance)performance has emerged as a central metric in assessing corporate sustainability.Utilizing ESG rating data for A-share listed companies on the Shanghai Stock Exchange spanning from 2019 to 2022,coupled with measures of corporate transformation and upgrading,this study introduces green innovation as a mediating variable to dissect the impact of ESG ratings on corporate transformation and upgrading.The key findings of this research are as follows:(1)ESG ratings positively influence corporate transformation and upgrading,a conclusion that retains robustness after a comprehensive series of tests and discussions on endogeneity.(2)Mechanism analysis reveals that ESG ratings foster corporate transformation and upgrading by enhancing corporate green innovation.(3)In comparison with other industries,the influence of ESG ratings on corporate transformation and upgrading is notably more pronounced among heavily polluting industries among listed companies in China.Additionally,ESG ratings exhibit a more significant promotional effect on non-state-owned enterprises compared to state-owned enterprises.Larger enterprises play a more substantial role in transformation and upgrading than small and medium-sized enterprises.The promotional effect of ESG ratings is more evident in enterprises with poor information disclosure quality.Furthermore,as media attention increases,so does the impact of ESG ratings on corporate transformation.This study offers valuable policy insights from the ESG rating perspective,aiming to propel corporate transformation and upgrading,thereby contributing to economic high-quality and sustainable development.
文摘The game theory is applied to analyze the benefits and losses of trade confliction between China and USA/EU in textile and clothing industry. Current situations of Chinese textile and clothing industry are also analyzed. The innovative upgrading paths of Chinese textile and clothing industry are suggested to realize from OEM, ODM to OBM in order to increase the competitive capacity, to add additional values, and to avoid the trade barriers of international market. The countermeasures and suggestiov.s are also put forward to make full use of comparative and backwardness advantages of China to win the game in the world market.
文摘The next-generation RAN,known as Open Radio Access Network(ORAN),allows for several advantages,including cost-effectiveness,network flexibility,and interoperability.Now ORAN applications,utilising machine learning(ML)and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques,have become standard practice.The need for Federated Learning(FL)for ML model training in ORAN environments is heightened by the modularised structure of the ORAN architecture and the shortcomings of conventional ML techniques.However,the traditional plaintext model update sharing of FL in multi-BS contexts is susceptible to privacy violations such as deep-leakage gradient assaults and inference.Therefore,this research presents a novel blockchain-assisted improved cryptographic privacy-preserving federated learning(BICPPFL)model,with the help of ORAN,to safely carry out federated learning and protect privacy.This model improves on the conventional masking technique for sharing model parameters by adding new characteristics.These features include the choice of distributed aggregators,validation for final model aggregation,and individual validation for BSs.To manage the security and privacy of FL processes,a combined homomorphic proxy-reencryption(HPReE)and lattice-cryptographic method(HPReEL)has been used.The upgraded delegated proof of stake(Up-DPoS)consensus protocol,which will provide quick validation of model exchanges and protect against malicious attacks,is employed for effective consensus across blockchain nodes.Without sacrificing performance metrics,the BICPPFL model strengthens privacy and adds security layers while facilitating the transfer of sensitive data across several BSs.The framework is deployed on top of a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain to evaluate its effectiveness.The experimental findings prove the reliability and privacy-preserving capability of the BICPPFL model.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91646102,L1824039,L1724034,L1624045,and L1524015)the project of China’s Ministry of Education(16JDGC011)+6 种基金the Chinese Academy of Engineering’s consultancy project(2019-ZD-9)the National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX04005002)Beijing Natural Science Foundation Project(9182013)the technology projects of the Chinese Academy of Engineering’s China Knowledge Center for Engineering Sciences(CKCEST-2019-2-13,CKCEST-2018-1-13,CKCEST-2017-1-10,and CKCEST-2015-4-2)the UK–China Industry Academia Partnership Programme(UK-CIAPP\260)the Volvo-supported Green Economy and Sustainable Development Projects in the Tsinghua University(20153000181)Tsinghua Initiative Research(2016THZW).
文摘Intelligent technologies are leading to the next wave of industrial revolution in manufacturing.In developed economies,firms are embracing these advanced technologies following a sequential upgrading strategy-from digital manufacturing to smart manufacturing(digital-networked),and then to newgeneration intelligent manufacturing paradigms.However,Chinese firms face a different scenario.On the one hand,they have diverse technological bases that vary from low-end electrified machinery to leading-edge digital-network technologies;thus,they may not follow an identical upgrading pathway.On the other hand,Chinese firms aim to rapidly catch up and transition from technology followers to probable frontrunners;thus,the turbulences in the transitioning phase may trigger a precious opportunity for leapfrogging,if Chinese manufacturers can swiftly acquire domain expertise through the adoption of intelligent manufacturing technologies.This study addresses the following question by conducting multiple case studies:Can Chinese firms upgrade intelligent manufacturing through different pathways than the sequential one followed in developed economies?The data sources include semistructured interviews and archival data.This study finds that Chinese manufacturing firms have a variety of pathways to transition across the three technological paradigms of intelligent manufacturing in nonconsecutive ways.This finding implies that Chinese firms may strategize their own upgrading pathways toward intelligent manufacturing according to their capabilities and industrial specifics;furthermore,this finding can be extended to other catching-up economies.This paper provides a strategic roadmap as an explanatory guide to manufacturing firms,policymakers,and investors.
基金supported by the National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2012AA051801)the Fundamenta lResearch Funds for the Central Universities(No.CXZZ13 0112)
文摘A series of Cu-Mg-Al hydrotalcites derived oxides with a(Cu+Mg)/Al mole ratio of 3 and varied Cu/Mg mole ratio(from 0.07 to 0.30) were prepared by co-precipitation and calcination methods, then they were introduced to the hydrogenation of furfural in aqueous-phase. Effects of Cu/Mg mole ratio, reaction temperature, initial hydrogen pressure, reaction time and catalyst amount on the conversion rate of furfural as well as the selectivity toward desired product cyclopentanol were systematically investigated. The conversion of furfural over calcined hydrotalcite catalyst with a Cu/Mg mole ratio of 0.2 was up to 98.5% when the reaction was carried out under 140 ?C and the initial hydrogen pressure of 4 MPa for 10 h, while the selectivity toward cyclopentanol was up to 94.8%. The catalysts were characterized by XRD and SEM. XRD diffraction of all the samples showed characteristic pattern of hydrotalcite with varied peak intensity as a result of different Cu content. The catalytic activity was improved gradually with the increase of Cu component in the hydrotalcite.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81772741 and No.81972645),Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Gaofeng-Clinical Medicine Grant Support(No.20181701)Shanghai Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau(No.2018052)to RNthe Clinical Research Project of Shanghai Health Commission(No.20214Y0511)to YSW.
文摘To analyze the performance of the Prostate Health Index(phi)and its derivatives for predicting Gleason score(GS)upgrading between prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy(RP)in the Chinese population,an observational,prospective RP cohort consisting of 351 patients from two medical centers was established from January 2017 to September 2020.Pathological reclassification was determined by the Gleason Grade Group(GG).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and logistic regression(LR)models were used to evaluate the predictive performance of predictors.In clinically low-risk patients with biopsy GG≤2,phi(odds ratio[OR]=1.80,95%confidence interval[95%CI]:1.14-2.82,P=0.01)and its derivative phi density(PHID;OR=2.34,95%CI:1.30-4.20,P=0.005)were significantly associated with upgrading to GG≥3 after RP,and the results were confirmed by multivariable analysis.Similar results were observed in patients with biopsy GG of 1 for the prediction of upgrading to RP GG≥2.Compared to the base model(AUC=0.59),addition of the phi or PHID could provide additional predictive value for GS upgrading in low-risk patients(AUC=0.69 and 0.71,respectively,both P<0.05).In conclusion,phi and PHID could predict GS upgrading after RP in clinically low-risk patients.
文摘Recommendations for managing clinically localized prostate cancer are structured around clinical risk criteria,with prostate biopsy(PB)Gleason score(GS)being the most important factor.Biopsy to radical prostatectomy(RP)specimen upgrading/downgrading is welldescribed,and is often the ratio nale for costly imaging or genomic studies.We prese nt simple,no-cost an a lyses of clinical parametersto predict which GS 6 and GS 8 patients will change to GS 7 at prostatectomy.From May 2006 to December 2012,1590 patientsunderwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).After exclusions,we identified a GS 6 cohort of 374 patients and a GS 8cohort of 91 patients.During this era,>1000 additional patients were enrolled in an active surveillanee(AS)program.For GS 6,265(70.9%)of 374 patients were upgraded,and the cohort included 183(48.9%)patients eligible for AS by the Prostate Cancer ResearchInternational Active Surveillance Study(PRIAS)standards,of which 57.9%were upgraded.PB features that predicted a>90%chanceof upgrading included≥7 cores positive,maximum foci length≥8 mm in any core,and total tumor involvement≥30%.For GS 8,downgrading occurred in 46(50.5%),which was significantly higher for single core versus multiple cores(80.4%vs 19.6%,P=0.011).Biochemical recurre nee(BCR)occurred in 3.4%of GS 6 upgraded versus 0%non upgraded,and in GS 8,19.6%downgraded versus42.2%nondown graded.In coun seling men with clin ically localized prostate can cer,the odds of GS cha nge should be presented,andcertain men with high-volume GS 6 or low-volume GS 8 can be counseled with GS 7-based recommendations.
文摘Conversion of Fischer-Tropsch wax into high quality synthetic crude or finished transportation fuels such as premium diesel has been studied over the past 15 years within BP. Catalyst screening and selection was carried out in dedicated micro-reactors and pilot plants, whose designs are critical to the performance selection. Variation in catalyst composition and defining the gas to oil feed ratios with the operating temperature are a few of the parameters studied. Product selection and maximizing diesel yield combined with stability （catalyst life） were the ultimate drivers. The selected catalyst was then tested under commercial conditions in a dedicated 300 barrel per day demonstration plant. The products were also tested in engines to assess their combustion characteristics.
基金support from the National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2012AA051801)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.CXZZ13_0112)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University (YBPY1408)
文摘Guaiacol was chosen to represent O-containing chemicals with lower effective hydrogen carbon ratio（H/Ceff factor） in bio-oil,and the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol was investigated over non-precious and nonsulfided catalysts. Effects of metal composition,reaction temperature,and hydrogen pressure on conversion and selectivity were investigated systematically. Among various compositions of catalysts,Ni Co/CNT exhibited best performance of guaiacol conversion with higher selectivity towards desired alcohols with higher H/Cefffactor. The reaction pathways of guaiacol in aqueous were proposed based on the product analyzed.Results show that metal composition and temperature have great effects on the conversion of guaiacol and the yields of desired products.
