The diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries(MINOCA)necessitates documentation of an acute myocardial infarction(AMI),non-obstructive coronary arteries,using invasive coronary angiogra...The diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries(MINOCA)necessitates documentation of an acute myocardial infarction(AMI),non-obstructive coronary arteries,using invasive coronary angiography or coronary computed tomography angiography and no clinically overt cause for AMI.Historically patients with MINOCA represent a clinical dilemma with subsequent uncertain clinical management.Differential diagnosis is crucial to choose the best therapeutic option for ischemic and non-ischemic MINOCA patients.Cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CMR)is able to analyze cardiac structure and function simultaneously and provides tissue characterization.Moreover,CMR could identify the cause of MINOCA in nearly two-third of patients providing valuable information for clinical decision making.Finally,it allows stratification of patients with worse outcomes which resulted in therapeutic changes in almost half of the patients.In this review we discuss the features of CMR in MINOCA;from exam protocols to imaging findings.展开更多
Objective:Wallerian degeneration is a pathological process closely related to peripheral nerve regeneration following injury,and includes the disintegration and phagocytosis of peripheral nervous system cells.Traditio...Objective:Wallerian degeneration is a pathological process closely related to peripheral nerve regeneration following injury,and includes the disintegration and phagocytosis of peripheral nervous system cells.Traditionally,morphological changes are observed by performing immunofluorescence staining after sectioning,which results in the loss of some histological information.The purpose of this study was to explore a new,nondestmetive,and systematic method for observing axonal histological changes during Wallerian degeneration.Methods:Thirty male Thy1-YFP-16 mice(SPF grade,6 weeks old,20±5 g)were randomly selected and divided into clear,unobstructed brain imaging cocktails and computational analysis(CUBIC)optical clearing(n=15)and traditional method groups(n=15).Five mice in each group were sacrificed at 1st,3rd,and 5th day following a crush operation.The histological axon changes were observed by CUBIC light optical clearing treatment,direct tissue section imaging,and HE staining.Results:The results revealed that,compared with traditional imaging methods,there was no physical damage to the samples,which allowed for three-dimensional and deep-seated tissue imaging through CUBIC.Local image information could be nicely obtained by direct fluorescence imaging and HE staining,but it was difficult to obtain image information of the entire sample.At the same time,the image information obtained by fluorescence imaging and HE staining was partially lost.Conclusion:The combining of CUBIC and Thy1-YFP transgenic mice allowed for a clear and comprehensive observation of histological changes of axons in Wallerian degeneration.展开更多
文摘The diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries(MINOCA)necessitates documentation of an acute myocardial infarction(AMI),non-obstructive coronary arteries,using invasive coronary angiography or coronary computed tomography angiography and no clinically overt cause for AMI.Historically patients with MINOCA represent a clinical dilemma with subsequent uncertain clinical management.Differential diagnosis is crucial to choose the best therapeutic option for ischemic and non-ischemic MINOCA patients.Cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CMR)is able to analyze cardiac structure and function simultaneously and provides tissue characterization.Moreover,CMR could identify the cause of MINOCA in nearly two-third of patients providing valuable information for clinical decision making.Finally,it allows stratification of patients with worse outcomes which resulted in therapeutic changes in almost half of the patients.In this review we discuss the features of CMR in MINOCA;from exam protocols to imaging findings.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1101604)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+2 种基金Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of Peking University China(No.PKU2020LCXQ020)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2019A1515110983,No.2021A1515012586)Bethune Charitable Foundation and CSPC Osteoporosis Research Foundation Project(No.G-X-2020-1107-21).
文摘Objective:Wallerian degeneration is a pathological process closely related to peripheral nerve regeneration following injury,and includes the disintegration and phagocytosis of peripheral nervous system cells.Traditionally,morphological changes are observed by performing immunofluorescence staining after sectioning,which results in the loss of some histological information.The purpose of this study was to explore a new,nondestmetive,and systematic method for observing axonal histological changes during Wallerian degeneration.Methods:Thirty male Thy1-YFP-16 mice(SPF grade,6 weeks old,20±5 g)were randomly selected and divided into clear,unobstructed brain imaging cocktails and computational analysis(CUBIC)optical clearing(n=15)and traditional method groups(n=15).Five mice in each group were sacrificed at 1st,3rd,and 5th day following a crush operation.The histological axon changes were observed by CUBIC light optical clearing treatment,direct tissue section imaging,and HE staining.Results:The results revealed that,compared with traditional imaging methods,there was no physical damage to the samples,which allowed for three-dimensional and deep-seated tissue imaging through CUBIC.Local image information could be nicely obtained by direct fluorescence imaging and HE staining,but it was difficult to obtain image information of the entire sample.At the same time,the image information obtained by fluorescence imaging and HE staining was partially lost.Conclusion:The combining of CUBIC and Thy1-YFP transgenic mice allowed for a clear and comprehensive observation of histological changes of axons in Wallerian degeneration.
