Aquiet revolution is underway in the vast cotton fields of Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in north Xinjiang where harvesting machines,guided by digital sensors,operate with minimal human intervention.Accordin...Aquiet revolution is underway in the vast cotton fields of Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in north Xinjiang where harvesting machines,guided by digital sensors,operate with minimal human intervention.According to Aoqierbate,head of the prefecture’s Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,now hundreds of hectares of cotton can be harvested by just one or two machine operators.展开更多
IN December 2012, as corporate South Africa closed down for the holiday season, more than 4,500 members of the ruling African National Congress （ANC） descended on the city of Mangaung to elect their leadership for t...IN December 2012, as corporate South Africa closed down for the holiday season, more than 4,500 members of the ruling African National Congress （ANC） descended on the city of Mangaung to elect their leadership for the next five years, and ultimately determine the future of South Africa＇s development.展开更多
Investment remains the vital ingredient for Africa’s success WHILE there are meaningful objections to the nature and structure of much of the new investment in African agriculture,it is clear that the introduction of...Investment remains the vital ingredient for Africa’s success WHILE there are meaningful objections to the nature and structure of much of the new investment in African agriculture,it is clear that the introduction of new capital,skills and technology is an essential component in unlocking the continent’s ultimate allure.展开更多
Deep karst fractures significantly drive rock strata movement induced by mining and are one of the key factors causing slope failures.Understanding the disaster formation mechanisms of mining-induced slopes controlled...Deep karst fractures significantly drive rock strata movement induced by mining and are one of the key factors causing slope failures.Understanding the disaster formation mechanisms of mining-induced slopes controlled by deep karst fractures is crucial for geological hazard prevention and mitigation.Existing research on slope failure mechanisms under the coupled influence of deep karst fractures and underground coal mining remains limited and insufficiently developed.Consequently,this study establishes a coupled geomechanical model of mining-karst interaction for layered reverse-dip slopes in southwestern China.By integrating field investigations with discrete element simulations,this study explores the deformation characteristics and failure mechanisms of deeply fractured karst slopes subjected to underground mining,along with their impacts on slope stability.The main findings are as follows:(1)Deep rock karst fractures dominated the spatial distribution of tensile fracture zones,forming a dynamic stress arch effect above the goaf;(2)The mining process dynamically induced a three-stage destruction mode of the slope,namely,the bending effect caused by the dynamic stress arch,arch migration,and the evolution of the unlocking of the locking rocks;(3)Significant spatiotemporal variability existed between the tensile zone at the top of the slope and the shear zone on the slope surface,leading to the gradual overturning of the cantilever beam structure along the dominant structural surface.It indicates that deep rock karst fractures are the primary factor controlling the disaster of the cantilever beam structure,exacerbating the degree of rock fracture and surface subsidence induced by coal mining.This study reveals the chain disaster mechanism of layered anti-dip rock karst fracture slopes in southwestern China,namely,fracture penetration,rock stratum movement-induced failure,unlocking of key rocks,and final tensile overturning destruction,profoundly elucidating the critical role of rock dissolution fissures in mining-induced slope disasters.展开更多
The mature central nervous system(CNS,composed of the brain,spinal cord,olfactory and optic nerves)is unable to regenerate spontaneously after an insult,both in the cases of neurodegenerative diseases(for example Alzh...The mature central nervous system(CNS,composed of the brain,spinal cord,olfactory and optic nerves)is unable to regenerate spontaneously after an insult,both in the cases of neurodegenerative diseases(for example Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease)or traumatic injuries(such as spinal cord lesions).In the last 20 years,the field has made significant progress in unlocking axon regrowth.展开更多
In vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II)window (1000-1700 nm)has been emerging as a new powerful imaging technique and demonstrated tre- mendous potential in life sciences and biomedical appli...In vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II)window (1000-1700 nm)has been emerging as a new powerful imaging technique and demonstrated tre- mendous potential in life sciences and biomedical applications,given its advances in reducing photon scattering,light absorption,and autofluorescence [1,2].In particular,extensive efforts have been made to produce various NIR-II probes with different emission wavelengths for multiplexing purposes,as practical applications typically require concurrent detection of multiple analytes.展开更多
The Office of the Financial Stability and Development Committee of the State Council,China's cabinet announced 11 new measures to further open up the financial sector on July 20,in the latest move to help bolster ...The Office of the Financial Stability and Development Committee of the State Council,China's cabinet announced 11 new measures to further open up the financial sector on July 20,in the latest move to help bolster and stabilize growth.The new measures cover multiple areas ranging from the bondmarket,banks,insurance companies,brokerage companies to the securities market.展开更多
Objective Close reduction and internal fixation have gained popularity for the treatment of pelvic fractures.However,the closed reduction of bilateral displaced posterior pelvic ring disruption is a great challenge ev...Objective Close reduction and internal fixation have gained popularity for the treatment of pelvic fractures.However,the closed reduction of bilateral displaced posterior pelvic ring disruption is a great challenge even for the most experienced surgeon.In this study,we describe in detail a novel unlocking closed reduction technique(UCRT)frame that allows strong traction for bilateral posterior pelvic ring displacement and presents preliminary clinical outcomes.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 32 patients with bilateral displaced posterior pelvic ring disruptions(AO/OTA 61-C2 and C3)who were initially treated with this technique between July 2017 and July 2022.According to the AO/OTA clas-sification,there were 9 cases(28.12%)of 61-C2,and 23 cases(71.88%)of 61-C3.There were 11 males,21 females,with an average age of 38.1 years.The interval from injury to operation was 4-27 days,with a cut-off of 12.5 days(receiver operat-ing characteristic curve).Operative time,blood loss,and postoperative radiographic findings were recorded.The functional outcomes and complications were followed.Results A total of 30(93.8%)patients achieved successful closed reduction,whereas 2 required open reduction.The success-ful closed reduction rate was 95.5%(21/22)in patients whose injury-to-operation time was less than 12.5 days.The vertical displacement percent correction of the obviously displaced hemipelvis was 70.20%±16.79%on average.The average degree of pelvic deformity correction was 64.86%±17.71%.Thirty patients were followed up for at least 12 months(12-36 months),and no complications of nonunion or redisplacement were observed.The Matta-Tornetta scoring standard revealed that the excellent(25/30)and good(4/30)rate was 96.7%.The Majeed clinical efficacy score revealed that the overall excellent and good rate was 100%.One patient had INFIX-related infection,and 2 reported numbness in the lateral thigh.The numbness was improved after INFIX removal.Conclusions This study presents an updated technique for closed reduction using a UCRT frame for bilateral posterior pelvic ring disruption,which has been shown to be effective,as indicated by excellent surgical and functional outcomes.展开更多
The parasitic polysulfides shuttle effect greatly hinders the practical application of lithium sulfur batteries,and this issue can be addressed by promoting polysulfides conversion with catalytic materials such as Mo ...The parasitic polysulfides shuttle effect greatly hinders the practical application of lithium sulfur batteries,and this issue can be addressed by promoting polysulfides conversion with catalytic materials such as Mo S_(2).However,the catalytic activity of Mo S_(2)mainly relies on edge sites,but is limited by inert basal planes.We herein report a novel,facile,ethylene glycol enabled competing reduction strategy to dope Mo S_(2)homogeneously with oxygen atoms so that its inert basal planes can be unlocked.Ethylene glycol works as a reducing agent and competes with thiourea to react with ammonium molybdate,leading to insufficient sulfuration of Mo,and consequent formation of O-Mo S_(2).Our theoretical and experimental investigations indicate that the homogeneously distributed O dopants can create abundant adsorption/-catalytic sites in the Mo S_(2)basal planes,enlarge the inter-plane distance to promote ion transport,and thus enhance the catalytic conversion of polysulfides.The oxygen doped Mo S_(2)(O-Mo S_(2))is supported on carbon nanosheets(CNS)and the composite(O-Mo S_(2)/CNS)is employed to modify the separator of Li-S battery.It gives the battery an initial discharge capacity of 1537 m Ah g-1at 0.2 C,and the battery retains a discharge capacity of 545 m Ah g-1after ultra-long 2000 cycles at 1 C,corresponding to a very small cyclic decay rate of 0.0237%.Even under a raising sulfur loading of 8.2 mg cm^(-2),the Li-S battery also delivers a high discharge capacity(554 m Ah g^(-1))with outstanding cycle stability(84.6%capacity retention)after 100 cycles at 0.5 C.Our work provides a novel,facile approach to fabricate highly catalytically active oxygen-doped Mo S_(2)for advanced Li-S batteries.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> A large percentage of deaths in an epidemic or pandemic can be due to overshoot of population (herd) immunity, either from the initial peak or from planned or unplanned exit fr...<strong>Background:</strong> A large percentage of deaths in an epidemic or pandemic can be due to overshoot of population (herd) immunity, either from the initial peak or from planned or unplanned exit from lockdown or social distancing conditions. <strong>Objectives:</strong> We study partial unlock or reopening interaction with seasonal effects in a managed epidemic to quantify overshoot effects on small and large unlock steps and discover robust strategies for reducing overshoot. <strong>Methods:</strong> We simulate partial unlock of social distancing for epidemics over a range of replication factor, immunity duration and seasonality factor for strategies targeting immunity thresholds using overshoot optimization. <strong>Results:</strong> Seasonality change must be taken into account as one of the steps in an easing sequence, and a two-step unlock, including seasonal effects, minimizes overshoot and deaths. It may cause undershoot, which causes rebounds and assists survival of the pathogen. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Partial easing levels, even low levels for economic relief while waiting on a vaccine, have population immunity thresholds based on the reduced replication rates and may experience overshoot as well. We further find a two-step strategy remains highly sensitive to variations in case ratio, replication factor, seasonality and timing. We demonstrate a three or more step strategy is more robust, and conclude that the best possible approach minimizes deaths under a range of likely actual conditions which include public response.展开更多
The summit’s theme reflects the shared aspiration of G20 member states to steer the world economy towards a more sustainable path.A key success of the G20 in the aftermath of the financial crisis has been to signific...The summit’s theme reflects the shared aspiration of G20 member states to steer the world economy towards a more sustainable path.A key success of the G20 in the aftermath of the financial crisis has been to significantly strengthen the resilience of the global financial system.Now we need to focus on ways in展开更多
The traditional telecommunications operator of China has entered into a substantive network construction stage of NGN and new VoIP service in 2006. As the increasing understanding and the consideration of cost to VoIP...The traditional telecommunications operator of China has entered into a substantive network construction stage of NGN and new VoIP service in 2006. As the increasing understanding and the consideration of cost to VoIP, VoIP has become more acceptable for CIO of large-scale enterprises. Small and medium-scale enterprises are sensitive to communication cost, but influenced by the maturity of VoIP technology and reduction of VoIP equipment price, the market is intensified. All these drive the VoIP equipment entering into the actual purchase stage and promote the stable growth of VoIP equipment scale.展开更多
Artificial intelligence is supposed to be the next great technological tool:a technology to help people work faster,communicate better and unlock new forms of productivity.But in the U.S.,AI is increasingly being pull...Artificial intelligence is supposed to be the next great technological tool:a technology to help people work faster,communicate better and unlock new forms of productivity.But in the U.S.,AI is increasingly being pulled away from the public-facing world of convenience and into something much more serious:the machinery of state power.That tension is playing out in court.展开更多
The essence of nitrogen-cycle electrocatalysis lies not only in the practical applications for ammonia(NH_(3))synthesis or environmental remediation but also in its profound scientific underpinnings.This realm offers ...The essence of nitrogen-cycle electrocatalysis lies not only in the practical applications for ammonia(NH_(3))synthesis or environmental remediation but also in its profound scientific underpinnings.This realm offers a unique lens through which to scrutinize the intricate interplay between chemical transformations and the natural world.At its core,it holds the promise of unlocking secrets about Earth’s past,present,and future.展开更多
Structured light,where light is tailored in all its degrees of freedom,has shown tremendous power in unlocking new modalities of light,with its impact felt across dimensions,disciplines,and applications.This richly te...Structured light,where light is tailored in all its degrees of freedom,has shown tremendous power in unlocking new modalities of light,with its impact felt across dimensions,disciplines,and applications.This richly textured light comes with deeply embedded complexity,making the design,analysis,and recognition of such complex light patterns highly non-trivial.In recent years artificial intelligence(AI)has come to the fore,not only for the design,characterization,and optimization of structured light but also for increasingly important roles in adding new functionalities and breaking old paradigms.An exciting twist is the flip side of the coin,where complex light in complex media acts as a light-speed neural network,ushering in a new era of ultrafast optical-based“machines”for intelligence and learning.In this review,we focus on how AI has enhanced structured light technologies,and vice versa,touching on imaging,microscopy,sensing,communication,and optical neural networks as topical application areas,while covering scales from the macroscopic to the microscopic,and from classical to quantum.We highlight the symbiotic relationship between intelligence and light in these processes and offer a perspective on the open challenges and future prospects of this emerging research direction.展开更多
文摘Aquiet revolution is underway in the vast cotton fields of Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in north Xinjiang where harvesting machines,guided by digital sensors,operate with minimal human intervention.According to Aoqierbate,head of the prefecture’s Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,now hundreds of hectares of cotton can be harvested by just one or two machine operators.
文摘IN December 2012, as corporate South Africa closed down for the holiday season, more than 4,500 members of the ruling African National Congress （ANC） descended on the city of Mangaung to elect their leadership for the next five years, and ultimately determine the future of South Africa＇s development.
文摘Investment remains the vital ingredient for Africa’s success WHILE there are meaningful objections to the nature and structure of much of the new investment in African agriculture,it is clear that the introduction of new capital,skills and technology is an essential component in unlocking the continent’s ultimate allure.
基金financially supported by the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(ZD[2025]007)the Guizhou Provincial Program on Commercialization of Scientific and Technological Achievements(N0.QKHCG-LH2024-ZD025)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42067046)。
文摘Deep karst fractures significantly drive rock strata movement induced by mining and are one of the key factors causing slope failures.Understanding the disaster formation mechanisms of mining-induced slopes controlled by deep karst fractures is crucial for geological hazard prevention and mitigation.Existing research on slope failure mechanisms under the coupled influence of deep karst fractures and underground coal mining remains limited and insufficiently developed.Consequently,this study establishes a coupled geomechanical model of mining-karst interaction for layered reverse-dip slopes in southwestern China.By integrating field investigations with discrete element simulations,this study explores the deformation characteristics and failure mechanisms of deeply fractured karst slopes subjected to underground mining,along with their impacts on slope stability.The main findings are as follows:(1)Deep rock karst fractures dominated the spatial distribution of tensile fracture zones,forming a dynamic stress arch effect above the goaf;(2)The mining process dynamically induced a three-stage destruction mode of the slope,namely,the bending effect caused by the dynamic stress arch,arch migration,and the evolution of the unlocking of the locking rocks;(3)Significant spatiotemporal variability existed between the tensile zone at the top of the slope and the shear zone on the slope surface,leading to the gradual overturning of the cantilever beam structure along the dominant structural surface.It indicates that deep rock karst fractures are the primary factor controlling the disaster of the cantilever beam structure,exacerbating the degree of rock fracture and surface subsidence induced by coal mining.This study reveals the chain disaster mechanism of layered anti-dip rock karst fracture slopes in southwestern China,namely,fracture penetration,rock stratum movement-induced failure,unlocking of key rocks,and final tensile overturning destruction,profoundly elucidating the critical role of rock dissolution fissures in mining-induced slope disasters.
基金supported by ANR(ANR-21CE16-0008-01)ANR(ANR-21-CE16-0008-02 and ANR-23CE52-0007)+1 种基金UNADEV(A22018CS)(to HN)UNADEV(A22020CS)(to SB)。
文摘The mature central nervous system(CNS,composed of the brain,spinal cord,olfactory and optic nerves)is unable to regenerate spontaneously after an insult,both in the cases of neurodegenerative diseases(for example Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease)or traumatic injuries(such as spinal cord lesions).In the last 20 years,the field has made significant progress in unlocking axon regrowth.
文摘In vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II)window (1000-1700 nm)has been emerging as a new powerful imaging technique and demonstrated tre- mendous potential in life sciences and biomedical applications,given its advances in reducing photon scattering,light absorption,and autofluorescence [1,2].In particular,extensive efforts have been made to produce various NIR-II probes with different emission wavelengths for multiplexing purposes,as practical applications typically require concurrent detection of multiple analytes.
文摘The Office of the Financial Stability and Development Committee of the State Council,China's cabinet announced 11 new measures to further open up the financial sector on July 20,in the latest move to help bolster and stabilize growth.The new measures cover multiple areas ranging from the bondmarket,banks,insurance companies,brokerage companies to the securities market.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2504303)Innovation Foundation of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopaedics,Sports Medicine&Rehabilitation(2021-NCRC-CXJJ-ZH-24)Medical Innovation and Transformation Incubation Project of Tongji Hospital(2022ZHFY10).
文摘Objective Close reduction and internal fixation have gained popularity for the treatment of pelvic fractures.However,the closed reduction of bilateral displaced posterior pelvic ring disruption is a great challenge even for the most experienced surgeon.In this study,we describe in detail a novel unlocking closed reduction technique(UCRT)frame that allows strong traction for bilateral posterior pelvic ring displacement and presents preliminary clinical outcomes.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 32 patients with bilateral displaced posterior pelvic ring disruptions(AO/OTA 61-C2 and C3)who were initially treated with this technique between July 2017 and July 2022.According to the AO/OTA clas-sification,there were 9 cases(28.12%)of 61-C2,and 23 cases(71.88%)of 61-C3.There were 11 males,21 females,with an average age of 38.1 years.The interval from injury to operation was 4-27 days,with a cut-off of 12.5 days(receiver operat-ing characteristic curve).Operative time,blood loss,and postoperative radiographic findings were recorded.The functional outcomes and complications were followed.Results A total of 30(93.8%)patients achieved successful closed reduction,whereas 2 required open reduction.The success-ful closed reduction rate was 95.5%(21/22)in patients whose injury-to-operation time was less than 12.5 days.The vertical displacement percent correction of the obviously displaced hemipelvis was 70.20%±16.79%on average.The average degree of pelvic deformity correction was 64.86%±17.71%.Thirty patients were followed up for at least 12 months(12-36 months),and no complications of nonunion or redisplacement were observed.The Matta-Tornetta scoring standard revealed that the excellent(25/30)and good(4/30)rate was 96.7%.The Majeed clinical efficacy score revealed that the overall excellent and good rate was 100%.One patient had INFIX-related infection,and 2 reported numbness in the lateral thigh.The numbness was improved after INFIX removal.Conclusions This study presents an updated technique for closed reduction using a UCRT frame for bilateral posterior pelvic ring disruption,which has been shown to be effective,as indicated by excellent surgical and functional outcomes.
基金financial support from the fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22021005)the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Dalian(2018J12GX052)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776042,22108027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(DUT19ZD214)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(201908163000519)the GDSTC-Key R&D Project(GDSTC No.2019B090908001)。
文摘The parasitic polysulfides shuttle effect greatly hinders the practical application of lithium sulfur batteries,and this issue can be addressed by promoting polysulfides conversion with catalytic materials such as Mo S_(2).However,the catalytic activity of Mo S_(2)mainly relies on edge sites,but is limited by inert basal planes.We herein report a novel,facile,ethylene glycol enabled competing reduction strategy to dope Mo S_(2)homogeneously with oxygen atoms so that its inert basal planes can be unlocked.Ethylene glycol works as a reducing agent and competes with thiourea to react with ammonium molybdate,leading to insufficient sulfuration of Mo,and consequent formation of O-Mo S_(2).Our theoretical and experimental investigations indicate that the homogeneously distributed O dopants can create abundant adsorption/-catalytic sites in the Mo S_(2)basal planes,enlarge the inter-plane distance to promote ion transport,and thus enhance the catalytic conversion of polysulfides.The oxygen doped Mo S_(2)(O-Mo S_(2))is supported on carbon nanosheets(CNS)and the composite(O-Mo S_(2)/CNS)is employed to modify the separator of Li-S battery.It gives the battery an initial discharge capacity of 1537 m Ah g-1at 0.2 C,and the battery retains a discharge capacity of 545 m Ah g-1after ultra-long 2000 cycles at 1 C,corresponding to a very small cyclic decay rate of 0.0237%.Even under a raising sulfur loading of 8.2 mg cm^(-2),the Li-S battery also delivers a high discharge capacity(554 m Ah g^(-1))with outstanding cycle stability(84.6%capacity retention)after 100 cycles at 0.5 C.Our work provides a novel,facile approach to fabricate highly catalytically active oxygen-doped Mo S_(2)for advanced Li-S batteries.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> A large percentage of deaths in an epidemic or pandemic can be due to overshoot of population (herd) immunity, either from the initial peak or from planned or unplanned exit from lockdown or social distancing conditions. <strong>Objectives:</strong> We study partial unlock or reopening interaction with seasonal effects in a managed epidemic to quantify overshoot effects on small and large unlock steps and discover robust strategies for reducing overshoot. <strong>Methods:</strong> We simulate partial unlock of social distancing for epidemics over a range of replication factor, immunity duration and seasonality factor for strategies targeting immunity thresholds using overshoot optimization. <strong>Results:</strong> Seasonality change must be taken into account as one of the steps in an easing sequence, and a two-step unlock, including seasonal effects, minimizes overshoot and deaths. It may cause undershoot, which causes rebounds and assists survival of the pathogen. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Partial easing levels, even low levels for economic relief while waiting on a vaccine, have population immunity thresholds based on the reduced replication rates and may experience overshoot as well. We further find a two-step strategy remains highly sensitive to variations in case ratio, replication factor, seasonality and timing. We demonstrate a three or more step strategy is more robust, and conclude that the best possible approach minimizes deaths under a range of likely actual conditions which include public response.
文摘The summit’s theme reflects the shared aspiration of G20 member states to steer the world economy towards a more sustainable path.A key success of the G20 in the aftermath of the financial crisis has been to significantly strengthen the resilience of the global financial system.Now we need to focus on ways in
文摘The traditional telecommunications operator of China has entered into a substantive network construction stage of NGN and new VoIP service in 2006. As the increasing understanding and the consideration of cost to VoIP, VoIP has become more acceptable for CIO of large-scale enterprises. Small and medium-scale enterprises are sensitive to communication cost, but influenced by the maturity of VoIP technology and reduction of VoIP equipment price, the market is intensified. All these drive the VoIP equipment entering into the actual purchase stage and promote the stable growth of VoIP equipment scale.
文摘Artificial intelligence is supposed to be the next great technological tool:a technology to help people work faster,communicate better and unlock new forms of productivity.But in the U.S.,AI is increasingly being pulled away from the public-facing world of convenience and into something much more serious:the machinery of state power.That tension is playing out in court.
文摘The essence of nitrogen-cycle electrocatalysis lies not only in the practical applications for ammonia(NH_(3))synthesis or environmental remediation but also in its profound scientific underpinnings.This realm offers a unique lens through which to scrutinize the intricate interplay between chemical transformations and the natural world.At its core,it holds the promise of unlocking secrets about Earth’s past,present,and future.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62375015)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20481,62275010)+7 种基金Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Precision Space–time Information Sensing Technology No.STL2023-B-03-01(J)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2025CX11009)South African Quantum Technology Initiative(SAQuTI),OpticaNanyang Assistant Professorship Start Up Grant,Singapore Ministry of Education(MOE)AcRF Tier 1 grant(RG157/23)MoE AcRF Tier 1 Thematic grant(RT11/23)Imperial-Nanyang Technological University Collaboration Fund(INCF-2024-007)Nanyang Technological University SPMS Collaborative Research Award 2024Singapore Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR)MTC Individual Research Grants(M24N7c0080).
文摘Structured light,where light is tailored in all its degrees of freedom,has shown tremendous power in unlocking new modalities of light,with its impact felt across dimensions,disciplines,and applications.This richly textured light comes with deeply embedded complexity,making the design,analysis,and recognition of such complex light patterns highly non-trivial.In recent years artificial intelligence(AI)has come to the fore,not only for the design,characterization,and optimization of structured light but also for increasingly important roles in adding new functionalities and breaking old paradigms.An exciting twist is the flip side of the coin,where complex light in complex media acts as a light-speed neural network,ushering in a new era of ultrafast optical-based“machines”for intelligence and learning.In this review,we focus on how AI has enhanced structured light technologies,and vice versa,touching on imaging,microscopy,sensing,communication,and optical neural networks as topical application areas,while covering scales from the macroscopic to the microscopic,and from classical to quantum.We highlight the symbiotic relationship between intelligence and light in these processes and offer a perspective on the open challenges and future prospects of this emerging research direction.
