Radio frequency identification(RFID) technology has been extensively used in various practical applications, such as inventory management and logistics control, with its outstanding features(e.g. non-line-ofsight read...Radio frequency identification(RFID) technology has been extensively used in various practical applications, such as inventory management and logistics control, with its outstanding features(e.g. non-line-ofsight reading and fast identification). And in a large RFID system, unknown tag identification uses total execution time as the performance criterion. However, the performance of existing protocols in terms of execution time is not ideal. To get better time efficiency, a novel unknown tag identification protocol(NUTIP) is proposed. The novelty of NUTIP is demonstrated mainly in two aspects: i) NUTIP deactivates some known tags and identifies or labels some unknown tags during its first phase to prevent these tags from interfering unknown tag identification. ii) We optimize the parameter settings to minimize the total execution time. Simulation experiments show that the proposed protocol is far superior to other relevant protocols and suitable for both sparse unknown tags environment and dense unknown tags environment.展开更多
Disinfection by-products(DBPs) formed during water disinfection has drawn significant public concern due to its toxicity. Since the first discovery of the trihalomethanes in 1974,continued effort has been devoted on D...Disinfection by-products(DBPs) formed during water disinfection has drawn significant public concern due to its toxicity. Since the first discovery of the trihalomethanes in 1974,continued effort has been devoted on DBPs worldwide to investigate the formation mechanism, levels, toxicity and control measures in drinking water. This review summarizes the main achievements on DBP research in China, which included:(1) the investigation of known DBP occurrence in drinking water of China;(2) the enhanced removal of DBP precursor by water treatment process;(3) the disinfection optimization to minimize DBP formation;and(4) the identification of unknown DBPs in drinking water. Although the research of DBPs in China cover the whole formation process of DBPs, there is still a challenge in effectively controlling the drinking water quality risk induced by DBPs, an integrated research framework including chemistry, toxicology, engineering, and epidemiology is especially crucial.展开更多
Food and water are the main sources of human exposure to arsenic.It is important to determine arsenic species in food because the toxicities of arsenic vary greatly with its chemical speciation.Extensive research has ...Food and water are the main sources of human exposure to arsenic.It is important to determine arsenic species in food because the toxicities of arsenic vary greatly with its chemical speciation.Extensive research has focused on high concentrations of arsenic species in marine organisms.The concentrations of arsenic species in freshwater fish are much lower,and their determination presents analytical challenges.In this review,we summarize the current state of knowledge on arsenic speciation in freshwater fish and discuss challenges and research needs.Fish samples are typically homogenized,and arsenic species are extracted using water/methanol with the assistance of sonication and enzyme treatment.Arsenic species in the extracts are commonly separated using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICPMS).Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry,used in combination with HPLC and ICPMS,provides complementary information for the identification and characterization of arsenic species.The methods and perspectives discussed in this review,covering sample preparation,chromatography separation,and mass spectrometry detection,are directed to arsenic speciation in freshwater fish and applicable to studies of other food items.Despite progress made in arsenic speciation analysis,a large fraction of the total arsenic in freshwater fish remains unidentified.It is challenging to identify and quantify arsenic species present in complex sample matrices at very low concentrations.Further research is needed to improve the extraction efficiency,chromatographic resolution,detection sensitivity,and characterization capability.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61371092)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61540022)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University Project (No. 2016091)
文摘Radio frequency identification(RFID) technology has been extensively used in various practical applications, such as inventory management and logistics control, with its outstanding features(e.g. non-line-ofsight reading and fast identification). And in a large RFID system, unknown tag identification uses total execution time as the performance criterion. However, the performance of existing protocols in terms of execution time is not ideal. To get better time efficiency, a novel unknown tag identification protocol(NUTIP) is proposed. The novelty of NUTIP is demonstrated mainly in two aspects: i) NUTIP deactivates some known tags and identifies or labels some unknown tags during its first phase to prevent these tags from interfering unknown tag identification. ii) We optimize the parameter settings to minimize the total execution time. Simulation experiments show that the proposed protocol is far superior to other relevant protocols and suitable for both sparse unknown tags environment and dense unknown tags environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51878648,52070184)Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDY-SSW-DQC004)。
文摘Disinfection by-products(DBPs) formed during water disinfection has drawn significant public concern due to its toxicity. Since the first discovery of the trihalomethanes in 1974,continued effort has been devoted on DBPs worldwide to investigate the formation mechanism, levels, toxicity and control measures in drinking water. This review summarizes the main achievements on DBP research in China, which included:(1) the investigation of known DBP occurrence in drinking water of China;(2) the enhanced removal of DBP precursor by water treatment process;(3) the disinfection optimization to minimize DBP formation;and(4) the identification of unknown DBPs in drinking water. Although the research of DBPs in China cover the whole formation process of DBPs, there is still a challenge in effectively controlling the drinking water quality risk induced by DBPs, an integrated research framework including chemistry, toxicology, engineering, and epidemiology is especially crucial.
基金This work was supported by Alberta Health,Alberta Innovates,the Canada Research Chairs Program,the Canadian Institutes of Health Research,and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
文摘Food and water are the main sources of human exposure to arsenic.It is important to determine arsenic species in food because the toxicities of arsenic vary greatly with its chemical speciation.Extensive research has focused on high concentrations of arsenic species in marine organisms.The concentrations of arsenic species in freshwater fish are much lower,and their determination presents analytical challenges.In this review,we summarize the current state of knowledge on arsenic speciation in freshwater fish and discuss challenges and research needs.Fish samples are typically homogenized,and arsenic species are extracted using water/methanol with the assistance of sonication and enzyme treatment.Arsenic species in the extracts are commonly separated using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICPMS).Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry,used in combination with HPLC and ICPMS,provides complementary information for the identification and characterization of arsenic species.The methods and perspectives discussed in this review,covering sample preparation,chromatography separation,and mass spectrometry detection,are directed to arsenic speciation in freshwater fish and applicable to studies of other food items.Despite progress made in arsenic speciation analysis,a large fraction of the total arsenic in freshwater fish remains unidentified.It is challenging to identify and quantify arsenic species present in complex sample matrices at very low concentrations.Further research is needed to improve the extraction efficiency,chromatographic resolution,detection sensitivity,and characterization capability.
