Phase transitions,as one of the most intriguing phenomena in nature,are divided into first-order phase transitions(FOPTs)and continuous ones in current classification.While the latter shows striking phenomena of scali...Phase transitions,as one of the most intriguing phenomena in nature,are divided into first-order phase transitions(FOPTs)and continuous ones in current classification.While the latter shows striking phenomena of scaling and universality,the former has recently also been demonstrated to exhibit scaling and universal behavior within a mesoscopic,coarse-grained Landau-Ginzburg theory.Here we apply this theory to a microscopic model-the paradigmatic Ising model,which undergoes FOPTs between two ordered phases below its critical temperature-and unambiguously demonstrate universal scaling behavior in such FOPTs.These results open the door for extending the theory to other microscopic FOPT systems and experimentally testing them to systematically uncover their scaling and universal behavior.展开更多
This comparative study examines cultural empathy strategies employed by two major international broadcasters-BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)and CGTN(China Global Television Network)-in their efforts to balance l...This comparative study examines cultural empathy strategies employed by two major international broadcasters-BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)and CGTN(China Global Television Network)-in their efforts to balance local emotional resonance with universal values in global communication.Through a mixed-methods approach combining content analysis of 2,400 news reports,interviews with 32 media professionals,and audience reception studies across 15 countries,this research investigates how international media organizations navigate the complex terrain of cross-cultural communication in an increasingly interconnected world.The findings reveal significant differences in empathy strategies:BBC employs a“universalist-localized”approach emphasizing shared human experiences while maintaining Western liberal values,achieving 67.3%cross-cultural resonance scores,while CGTN adopts a“particularist-global”strategy highlighting cultural diversity within a framework of mutual understanding,achieving 61.8%resonance scores.Both organizations face challenges in balancing authentic cultural representation with audience accessibility,managing 73.4%and 68.9%cultural authenticity ratings respectively.The study identifies five key empathy strategies:narrative localization,cultural bridging,emotional universalization,value harmonization,and contextual adaptation.Results indicate that successful cultural empathy requires sophisticated understanding of target audiences’cultural schemas while maintaining editorial authenticity.The research contributes to international communication theory by proposing a Cultural Empathy Framework(CEF)that explains how media organizations can effectively navigate the tension between local emotions and universal values in global broadcasting contexts.展开更多
In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require e...In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require either accessing the original dataset or meticulously constructing optimization functions and proxy datasets.In this paper,we aim to elimi-nate any dependency on proxy datasets and explore a method for generating Universal Adversarial Pertur-bations(UAP)on a single image.After revisiting re-search on UAP,we discovered that the key to gener-ating UAP lies in the accumulation of Individual Ad-versarial Perturbation(IAP)gradient,which prompted us to study the method of accumulating gradients from an IAP.We designed a simple and effective process to generate UAP,which only includes three steps:pre-cessing,generating an IAP and scaling the perturba-tions.Through our proposed process,any IAP gener-ated on an image can be constructed into a UAP with comparable performance,indicating that UAP can be generated free of data.Extensive experiments on var-ious classifiers and attack approaches demonstrate the superiority of our method on efficiency and aggressiveness.展开更多
In this paper,we study the eigenvalue problem of the Markov diffusion operator L^(2),and give generalized inequalities for eigenvalues of the operator L^(2)on a Markov diffusion triple.By applying these inequalities,w...In this paper,we study the eigenvalue problem of the Markov diffusion operator L^(2),and give generalized inequalities for eigenvalues of the operator L^(2)on a Markov diffusion triple.By applying these inequalities,we then get some new universal bounds for eigenvalues of a special Markov diffusion operator L^(2)on bounded domains in an Euclidean space.Moreover,our results can reveal the relationship between the(k+1)-th eigenvalue and the first k eigenvalues in a relatively straightforward manner.展开更多
We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functi...We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functions are derived.Furthermore,we introduce two integrable systems known as the generalized UC(GUC)hierarchy and the generalized Btype UC(GBUC)hierarchy satisfied by the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,respectively.Based on infinite sequences of complex numbers,we further establish the multiparameter generalized universal character and the multiparameter generalized B-type universal character,which have been proved to be solutions of the GUC hierarchy and the GBUC hierarchy,respectively.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are widely deemed to be one of the most potential candidates for future secondary batteries because of their remarkable energy density.Nevertheless,notorious polysulfide shuttling and ret...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are widely deemed to be one of the most potential candidates for future secondary batteries because of their remarkable energy density.Nevertheless,notorious polysulfide shuttling and retarded sulfur reaction kinetics pose significant obstacles to the further application of Li-S batteries.While rationally designed highly active electrocatalysts can facilitate polysulfide conversion,the universal and scalable synthesis strategies need to be developed.Herein,a universal synthetic strategy to construct a series of three-dimensional(3D)porous graphene-iron(3DGr-Fe)based electrocatalysts involving 3DGr-FeP,3DGr-Fe_(3)C,and 3DGr-Fe_(3)Se_(4)is exploited for manipulating the Li-S redox reactions.It has been observed that the implementation of a 3D porous Gr architecture leads to the well-designed conductive networks,while the uniformly dispersed iron nanoparticles introduce an abundance of active sites,fostering the lithium polysulfide conversion,thereby bolstering the overall electrochemical performance.The Li-S battery with the 3DGr-Fe based electrocatalyst exhibits remarkable capacity retention of 94.8%upon 100 times at 0.2 C.Moreover,the soft-packaged Li-S pouch cell based on such a 3DGr-Fe electrocatalyst delivers superior capacity of 1060.71 mA h g^(-1)and guarantees for the continuous 30 min work of fan toy.This investigation gives comprehensive insights into the design,synthesis,and mechanism of 3DGr-Fe based electrocatalysts with high activity toward efficient and durable Li-S batteries.展开更多
Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study in...Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI)during 5-year return period extreme heat events across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region of China,utilizing 40 years of meteorological data from 174 stations.A non-stationary Generalized Extreme Value distribution model with a location parameter link function was identified as the optimal model(for 65.3%of stations)through the Akaike Information Criterion,capturing 16 regional extreme heat events.Results indicate that extreme heat thresholds rise with increasing return periods,with the highest thresholds concentrated around Beijing and Shijiazhuang.Air temperature and mean radiant temperature were found to be the dominant factors influencing UTCI,with daytime air temperature contributing 47.03%to 50.64%and nighttime mean radiant temperature contributing up to 48.55%.Spatially,“extreme heat stress”conditions,as defined by UTCI,were predominantly observed in the southeastern plains of Beijing and southern Hebei Province.Diurnally,UTCI peaked between 1200 and 1600 BT(Beijing time),generally returning to“no heat stress”levels across most areas between 0000 and 0600 BT.These findings provide crucial insights into the dynamics of human thermal comfort during extreme heat events in the BTH region,offering valuable scientific support for developing targeted heat mitigation and adaptation strategies.展开更多
This research,based on Mason's formula,proposes a novel design for a second-order transconductance-mode universal filter with the operational transconductance amplifier(OTA)as the core and the second-generation cu...This research,based on Mason's formula,proposes a novel design for a second-order transconductance-mode universal filter with the operational transconductance amplifier(OTA)as the core and the second-generation current-controlled conveyor(CCCⅡ)as the auxiliary.The circuit incorporates two OTAs,one CCCⅡ,two grounded capacitors,and one grounded resistor.The quality factor Q and natural frequency fo of the filter can be electronically tuned and are not sensitive to temperature.The input and output terminals of the cir-cuit exhibit no loading effect,and the sensitivity of the circuit is low.At last,alternating frequency analysis,parameter scanning analysis,and temperature scanning analysis have been carried out by using Multisim software,confirming the correctness and effectiveness of the designed circuit.展开更多
What laws do the universe naturally operate according to?What should be the logical foundation of the human real world?This is a foundational and fundamental issue that humans have always wanted to clarify.From Thales...What laws do the universe naturally operate according to?What should be the logical foundation of the human real world?This is a foundational and fundamental issue that humans have always wanted to clarify.From Thales to philosophers such as Socrates,Plato,and Aristotle,ancient Greece achieved the origin and development of philosophy;Later,Descartes,Hume,Kant,Hegel,Nietzsche,and others explored new fields and concepts;Philosophers such as Husserl,Sartre,Russell,Wittgenstein,and Derrida left a profound mark in the 20th century.The emergence of a worldview emerged in the ancient Indian Vedas,and later in the religious and philosophical work The Upanishads,there was a discourse on the entities of"Brahma"and"I",which gave rise to the idea of"Advaita"in later generations.The Book of Changes was born in ancient China,along with major academic schools such as Taoism,Confucianism,Legalism,and Mohism.Later,Buddhist thought was integrated;With the Eastern ideas of yin and yang,the Doctrine of the Mean,harmony,and the ultimate goodness,I have integrated Eastern and Western historical philosophies,modern physics,and classical logic theories in my thinking on the principle of cosmic paradox,proposing a new perspective of understanding the essence of the universe and its natural logical relationship structure using the principle of paradox as the law of cosmic operation.The theoretical exploration and discussion of the dual nature relationship of"non-contradiction"and"contradiction"in the"first contradiction"relationship of things in the universe,that is,the identity of the universe is a self-contradictory overall transformation process;Attempting to reveal the paradoxical relationship of the universe from a new perspective in modern science,philosophy,and logic,striving to have a beneficial impact on the exploration and practical application of sustainable human survival and development models in the future.展开更多
Universality,encompassing critical exponents,scaling functions,and dimensionless quantities,is fundamental to phase transition theory.In finite systems,universal behaviors are also expected to emerge at the pseudocrit...Universality,encompassing critical exponents,scaling functions,and dimensionless quantities,is fundamental to phase transition theory.In finite systems,universal behaviors are also expected to emerge at the pseudocritical point.Focusing on two-dimensional percolation,we show that the size distribution of the largest cluster asymptotically approaches to a Gumbel form in the subcritical phase,a Gaussian form in the supercritical phase,and transitions within the critical finite-size scaling window.Numerical results indicate that,at consistently defined pseudocritical points,this distribution exhibits a universal form across various lattices and percolation models(bond or site),within error bars,yet differs from the distribution at the critical point.The critical polynomial,universally zero for two-dimensional percolation at the critical point,becomes nonzero at pseudocritical points.Nevertheless,numerical evidence suggests that the critical polynomial,along with other dimensionless quantities such as wrapping probabilities and Binder cumulants,assumes fixed values at the pseudocritical point that are independent of the percolation type(bond or site)but vary with lattice structures.These findings imply that while strict universality breaks down at the pseudocritical point,certain extreme-value statistics and dimensionless quantities exhibit quasi-universality,revealing a subtle connection between scaling behaviors at critical and pseudocritical points.展开更多
Under the background of accelerated global cultural exchange and information dissemination,reading has become a crucial component of public cultural services.Public libraries in Nordic countries(Denmark,Sweden,Norway,...Under the background of accelerated global cultural exchange and information dissemination,reading has become a crucial component of public cultural services.Public libraries in Nordic countries(Denmark,Sweden,Norway,Finland,Iceland)stand out by adhering to the core philosophy of“universal sharing and equal reading”,integrating reading promotion into national strategies,and constructing extensive service networks through sound legal guarantees and adequate financial support.This study identifies four key strategies for universality and equality in Nordic public libraries:covering all age groups,eliminating group differences,integrating digital and physical resources,and ensuring the right to read through legislative,financial,and other institutional support.These provide a reference for global public cultural services.展开更多
A universal thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in ternary and binary strong electrolyte aqueous solution was developed based on the ion and molecule coexi...A universal thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in ternary and binary strong electrolyte aqueous solution was developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory and verified in four kinds of binary aqueous solutions and two kinds of ternary aqueous solutions. The calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in four binary aqueous solutions and two ternary solutions at 298.15 K have good agreement with the reported activity data from literatures after shifting the standard state and concentration unit. Therefore, the calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples from the developed universal thermodynamic model for ternary and binary aqueous solutions can be applied to predict reaction ability of components in ternary and binary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions. It is also proved that the assumptions applied in the developed thermodynamic model are correct and reasonable, i.e., strong electrolyte aqueous solution is composed of cations and anions as simple ions, H2O as simple molecule and other hydrous salt compounds as complex molecules. The calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in ternary and binary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions strictly follow the mass action law.展开更多
目的:探究观察3M Single Bond Universal粘接系统对前牙E-max铸瓷贴面修复的远期疗效。方法:选择2017年5月-2019年5月笔者医院收治的需前牙E-max铸瓷贴面修复患者63例(患牙113颗)为研究对象,均行经典贴面修复,根据粘接系统的不同将患者...目的:探究观察3M Single Bond Universal粘接系统对前牙E-max铸瓷贴面修复的远期疗效。方法:选择2017年5月-2019年5月笔者医院收治的需前牙E-max铸瓷贴面修复患者63例(患牙113颗)为研究对象,均行经典贴面修复,根据粘接系统的不同将患者分为观察组(患者21例,患牙40颗,采用3M Single Bond Universal粘接系统)、对照1组(患者21例,患牙36颗,采用VariolinkⅡ粘接系统)、对照2组(患者21例,患牙37颗,采用BISCO CHOICE 2粘接系统)。治疗后三组均于1周、3个月、12个月时进行随访,观察三组治疗后1周、3个月、12个月内贴面修复效果、贴面修复失败率及不良反应发生率。结果:术后1周,三组患者均无失败案例;对照1组存在2颗修复体保存完整度为Ⅰ级的患牙,对照2组存在3颗修复体保存完整度为I级的患牙,观察组未存在该类患者;术后12个月,观察组存在1颗修复体保存完整度Ⅱ级患牙,对照1组存在1颗保存完整度I级患牙,3颗修复体保存完整度Ⅱ级患牙,对照2组存在2颗保存完整度I级患牙,3颗修复体保存完整度Ⅱ级患牙。三组患者治疗效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1周、3个月、12个月三组贴面修复失败率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访期间内,三组患者不良反应情况比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对于前牙E-max铸瓷贴面修复患者,选取合适的适应证,并做好备牙步骤,3M Single Bond Universal与经典VariolinkⅡ粘接系统及BISCO CHOICE 2粘接系统治疗效果并无显著差异,值得在临床推广使用。展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to construct maize universal expression vector, in order to provide basis for using transgenic methods to improve abiotic stress tolerance of maize. [Method] Based on the transformation of ex...[Objective] The paper was to construct maize universal expression vector, in order to provide basis for using transgenic methods to improve abiotic stress tolerance of maize. [Method] Based on the transformation of existing pGreen0229 plant expression vector, phosphinothricin-resistant selectable marker-bar gene driving by CaMv35S promoter was constructed, which could be used to connect target gene of maize expression vector PGM-35Sbar, and transform Ji444 maize inbred lines by pollen tube pathway. [Result] The universal expression vector for PGM-35Sbar maize had been successfully constructed. When the maize plants were transformed, 14 resistant plants were obtained, and 12 plants were identified to be positive plants by PCR detection. [Conclusion] The study provided basis for rapid construction of maize expression vector containing specific target gene.展开更多
Based on MATRIXx, a universal real-time visual distributed simulation system is developed. The system can receive different input data from network or local terminal. Application models in the simulation modules can a...Based on MATRIXx, a universal real-time visual distributed simulation system is developed. The system can receive different input data from network or local terminal. Application models in the simulation modules can automatically get such data to be analyzed and calculated, and then produce real-time simulation control information. Meanwhile, this paper designs relevant simulation components to implement the input and output data, which can guarantee the real-time and universal of the data transmission. Result of the experimental system shows that the real-time performance of the simulation is perfect.展开更多
In the present paper, an efficient algorithm based on the continued fractions theory was established for the universal Y’s functions of space dynamics. The algorithm is valid for any conic motion (elliptic, parabolic...In the present paper, an efficient algorithm based on the continued fractions theory was established for the universal Y’s functions of space dynamics. The algorithm is valid for any conic motion (elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic).展开更多
What and how we translate are questions often argued about. No matter what kind of answers one may give, priority in translation should be granted to meaning, especially those meanings that exist in all concerned lang...What and how we translate are questions often argued about. No matter what kind of answers one may give, priority in translation should be granted to meaning, especially those meanings that exist in all concerned languages. This research defines them as universal sememes, and the study of them as universal semantics, of which applications are also briefly looked into.展开更多
Canetti and Herzog have already proposed universally composable symbolic analysis(UCSA) to analyze mutual authentication and key exchange protocols. However,they do not analyze group key exchange protocol. Therefore,t...Canetti and Herzog have already proposed universally composable symbolic analysis(UCSA) to analyze mutual authentication and key exchange protocols. However,they do not analyze group key exchange protocol. Therefore,this paper explores an approach to analyze group key exchange protocols,which realize automation and guarantee the soundness of cryptography. Considered that there exist many kinds of group key exchange protocols and the participants’ number of each protocol is arbitrary. So this paper takes the case of Burmester-Desmedt(BD) protocol with three participants against passive adversary(3-BD-Passive) . In a nutshell,our works lay the root for analyzing group key exchange protocols automatically without sacrificing soundness of cryptography.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12175316).
文摘Phase transitions,as one of the most intriguing phenomena in nature,are divided into first-order phase transitions(FOPTs)and continuous ones in current classification.While the latter shows striking phenomena of scaling and universality,the former has recently also been demonstrated to exhibit scaling and universal behavior within a mesoscopic,coarse-grained Landau-Ginzburg theory.Here we apply this theory to a microscopic model-the paradigmatic Ising model,which undergoes FOPTs between two ordered phases below its critical temperature-and unambiguously demonstrate universal scaling behavior in such FOPTs.These results open the door for extending the theory to other microscopic FOPT systems and experimentally testing them to systematically uncover their scaling and universal behavior.
文摘This comparative study examines cultural empathy strategies employed by two major international broadcasters-BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)and CGTN(China Global Television Network)-in their efforts to balance local emotional resonance with universal values in global communication.Through a mixed-methods approach combining content analysis of 2,400 news reports,interviews with 32 media professionals,and audience reception studies across 15 countries,this research investigates how international media organizations navigate the complex terrain of cross-cultural communication in an increasingly interconnected world.The findings reveal significant differences in empathy strategies:BBC employs a“universalist-localized”approach emphasizing shared human experiences while maintaining Western liberal values,achieving 67.3%cross-cultural resonance scores,while CGTN adopts a“particularist-global”strategy highlighting cultural diversity within a framework of mutual understanding,achieving 61.8%resonance scores.Both organizations face challenges in balancing authentic cultural representation with audience accessibility,managing 73.4%and 68.9%cultural authenticity ratings respectively.The study identifies five key empathy strategies:narrative localization,cultural bridging,emotional universalization,value harmonization,and contextual adaptation.Results indicate that successful cultural empathy requires sophisticated understanding of target audiences’cultural schemas while maintaining editorial authenticity.The research contributes to international communication theory by proposing a Cultural Empathy Framework(CEF)that explains how media organizations can effectively navigate the tension between local emotions and universal values in global broadcasting contexts.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62372395in part by the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province under Grant No.24A0105in part by the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.CX20230546).
文摘In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require either accessing the original dataset or meticulously constructing optimization functions and proxy datasets.In this paper,we aim to elimi-nate any dependency on proxy datasets and explore a method for generating Universal Adversarial Pertur-bations(UAP)on a single image.After revisiting re-search on UAP,we discovered that the key to gener-ating UAP lies in the accumulation of Individual Ad-versarial Perturbation(IAP)gradient,which prompted us to study the method of accumulating gradients from an IAP.We designed a simple and effective process to generate UAP,which only includes three steps:pre-cessing,generating an IAP and scaling the perturba-tions.Through our proposed process,any IAP gener-ated on an image can be constructed into a UAP with comparable performance,indicating that UAP can be generated free of data.Extensive experiments on var-ious classifiers and attack approaches demonstrate the superiority of our method on efficiency and aggressiveness.
基金Supported by the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications(Central China Normal University),Ministry of Education,P.R.China(Grant No.NAA2025ORG011)Science and Technology Plan Project of Jingmen(Grant No.2024YFZD076)+3 种基金Research Team Project of Jingchu University of Technology(Grant No.TD202006)Research Project of Jingchu University of Technology(Grant Nos.HX20240049HX20240200)the Teaching Reform Research Project of Hubei Province(Grant No.2024496)。
文摘In this paper,we study the eigenvalue problem of the Markov diffusion operator L^(2),and give generalized inequalities for eigenvalues of the operator L^(2)on a Markov diffusion triple.By applying these inequalities,we then get some new universal bounds for eigenvalues of a special Markov diffusion operator L^(2)on bounded domains in an Euclidean space.Moreover,our results can reveal the relationship between the(k+1)-th eigenvalue and the first k eigenvalues in a relatively straightforward manner.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12461048 and 12061051)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.2023MS01003)+2 种基金the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.NJYT23096)the financial support from the Program of China Scholarships Council(Grant No.202306810054)for one year study at the University of Leedsthe support of Professor Ke Wu and Professor Weizhong Zhao at Capital Normal University,China。
文摘We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functions are derived.Furthermore,we introduce two integrable systems known as the generalized UC(GUC)hierarchy and the generalized Btype UC(GBUC)hierarchy satisfied by the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,respectively.Based on infinite sequences of complex numbers,we further establish the multiparameter generalized universal character and the multiparameter generalized B-type universal character,which have been proved to be solutions of the GUC hierarchy and the GBUC hierarchy,respectively.
基金Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials(SWUST,18ZD320304 and 22fksy23)Doctoral Fund of Henan University of Technology(31401577)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023MB053)Technological Innovation Project of Tai’an City(2022GX064)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are widely deemed to be one of the most potential candidates for future secondary batteries because of their remarkable energy density.Nevertheless,notorious polysulfide shuttling and retarded sulfur reaction kinetics pose significant obstacles to the further application of Li-S batteries.While rationally designed highly active electrocatalysts can facilitate polysulfide conversion,the universal and scalable synthesis strategies need to be developed.Herein,a universal synthetic strategy to construct a series of three-dimensional(3D)porous graphene-iron(3DGr-Fe)based electrocatalysts involving 3DGr-FeP,3DGr-Fe_(3)C,and 3DGr-Fe_(3)Se_(4)is exploited for manipulating the Li-S redox reactions.It has been observed that the implementation of a 3D porous Gr architecture leads to the well-designed conductive networks,while the uniformly dispersed iron nanoparticles introduce an abundance of active sites,fostering the lithium polysulfide conversion,thereby bolstering the overall electrochemical performance.The Li-S battery with the 3DGr-Fe based electrocatalyst exhibits remarkable capacity retention of 94.8%upon 100 times at 0.2 C.Moreover,the soft-packaged Li-S pouch cell based on such a 3DGr-Fe electrocatalyst delivers superior capacity of 1060.71 mA h g^(-1)and guarantees for the continuous 30 min work of fan toy.This investigation gives comprehensive insights into the design,synthesis,and mechanism of 3DGr-Fe based electrocatalysts with high activity toward efficient and durable Li-S batteries.
基金supported by the Hebei Provincial Key Research and Development Program[grant numbers 23375401D and22375404D]the China Meteorological Administration[grant number FPZJ2024-011]the Hebei Meteorological Bureau[grant number21ky32]。
文摘Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI)during 5-year return period extreme heat events across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region of China,utilizing 40 years of meteorological data from 174 stations.A non-stationary Generalized Extreme Value distribution model with a location parameter link function was identified as the optimal model(for 65.3%of stations)through the Akaike Information Criterion,capturing 16 regional extreme heat events.Results indicate that extreme heat thresholds rise with increasing return periods,with the highest thresholds concentrated around Beijing and Shijiazhuang.Air temperature and mean radiant temperature were found to be the dominant factors influencing UTCI,with daytime air temperature contributing 47.03%to 50.64%and nighttime mean radiant temperature contributing up to 48.55%.Spatially,“extreme heat stress”conditions,as defined by UTCI,were predominantly observed in the southeastern plains of Beijing and southern Hebei Province.Diurnally,UTCI peaked between 1200 and 1600 BT(Beijing time),generally returning to“no heat stress”levels across most areas between 0000 and 0600 BT.These findings provide crucial insights into the dynamics of human thermal comfort during extreme heat events in the BTH region,offering valuable scientific support for developing targeted heat mitigation and adaptation strategies.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2017JM6087)。
文摘This research,based on Mason's formula,proposes a novel design for a second-order transconductance-mode universal filter with the operational transconductance amplifier(OTA)as the core and the second-generation current-controlled conveyor(CCCⅡ)as the auxiliary.The circuit incorporates two OTAs,one CCCⅡ,two grounded capacitors,and one grounded resistor.The quality factor Q and natural frequency fo of the filter can be electronically tuned and are not sensitive to temperature.The input and output terminals of the cir-cuit exhibit no loading effect,and the sensitivity of the circuit is low.At last,alternating frequency analysis,parameter scanning analysis,and temperature scanning analysis have been carried out by using Multisim software,confirming the correctness and effectiveness of the designed circuit.
文摘What laws do the universe naturally operate according to?What should be the logical foundation of the human real world?This is a foundational and fundamental issue that humans have always wanted to clarify.From Thales to philosophers such as Socrates,Plato,and Aristotle,ancient Greece achieved the origin and development of philosophy;Later,Descartes,Hume,Kant,Hegel,Nietzsche,and others explored new fields and concepts;Philosophers such as Husserl,Sartre,Russell,Wittgenstein,and Derrida left a profound mark in the 20th century.The emergence of a worldview emerged in the ancient Indian Vedas,and later in the religious and philosophical work The Upanishads,there was a discourse on the entities of"Brahma"and"I",which gave rise to the idea of"Advaita"in later generations.The Book of Changes was born in ancient China,along with major academic schools such as Taoism,Confucianism,Legalism,and Mohism.Later,Buddhist thought was integrated;With the Eastern ideas of yin and yang,the Doctrine of the Mean,harmony,and the ultimate goodness,I have integrated Eastern and Western historical philosophies,modern physics,and classical logic theories in my thinking on the principle of cosmic paradox,proposing a new perspective of understanding the essence of the universe and its natural logical relationship structure using the principle of paradox as the law of cosmic operation.The theoretical exploration and discussion of the dual nature relationship of"non-contradiction"and"contradiction"in the"first contradiction"relationship of things in the universe,that is,the identity of the universe is a self-contradictory overall transformation process;Attempting to reveal the paradoxical relationship of the universe from a new perspective in modern science,philosophy,and logic,striving to have a beneficial impact on the exploration and practical application of sustainable human survival and development models in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12275263)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301900)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2023J02032).
文摘Universality,encompassing critical exponents,scaling functions,and dimensionless quantities,is fundamental to phase transition theory.In finite systems,universal behaviors are also expected to emerge at the pseudocritical point.Focusing on two-dimensional percolation,we show that the size distribution of the largest cluster asymptotically approaches to a Gumbel form in the subcritical phase,a Gaussian form in the supercritical phase,and transitions within the critical finite-size scaling window.Numerical results indicate that,at consistently defined pseudocritical points,this distribution exhibits a universal form across various lattices and percolation models(bond or site),within error bars,yet differs from the distribution at the critical point.The critical polynomial,universally zero for two-dimensional percolation at the critical point,becomes nonzero at pseudocritical points.Nevertheless,numerical evidence suggests that the critical polynomial,along with other dimensionless quantities such as wrapping probabilities and Binder cumulants,assumes fixed values at the pseudocritical point that are independent of the percolation type(bond or site)but vary with lattice structures.These findings imply that while strict universality breaks down at the pseudocritical point,certain extreme-value statistics and dimensionless quantities exhibit quasi-universality,revealing a subtle connection between scaling behaviors at critical and pseudocritical points.
基金This paper is a phased research outcome of the 2023 Beijing International Studies University Regional and Country Studies Special Research Project titled“Reading Promotion in Nordic Public Libraries and Its Implications for China’s National Reading Development”(Project No.QYGB23A003).
文摘Under the background of accelerated global cultural exchange and information dissemination,reading has become a crucial component of public cultural services.Public libraries in Nordic countries(Denmark,Sweden,Norway,Finland,Iceland)stand out by adhering to the core philosophy of“universal sharing and equal reading”,integrating reading promotion into national strategies,and constructing extensive service networks through sound legal guarantees and adequate financial support.This study identifies four key strategies for universality and equality in Nordic public libraries:covering all age groups,eliminating group differences,integrating digital and physical resources,and ensuring the right to read through legislative,financial,and other institutional support.These provide a reference for global public cultural services.
基金Project supported by Publication Foundation of National Science and Technology Academic Books of China
文摘A universal thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in ternary and binary strong electrolyte aqueous solution was developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory and verified in four kinds of binary aqueous solutions and two kinds of ternary aqueous solutions. The calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in four binary aqueous solutions and two ternary solutions at 298.15 K have good agreement with the reported activity data from literatures after shifting the standard state and concentration unit. Therefore, the calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples from the developed universal thermodynamic model for ternary and binary aqueous solutions can be applied to predict reaction ability of components in ternary and binary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions. It is also proved that the assumptions applied in the developed thermodynamic model are correct and reasonable, i.e., strong electrolyte aqueous solution is composed of cations and anions as simple ions, H2O as simple molecule and other hydrous salt compounds as complex molecules. The calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in ternary and binary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions strictly follow the mass action law.
文摘目的:探究观察3M Single Bond Universal粘接系统对前牙E-max铸瓷贴面修复的远期疗效。方法:选择2017年5月-2019年5月笔者医院收治的需前牙E-max铸瓷贴面修复患者63例(患牙113颗)为研究对象,均行经典贴面修复,根据粘接系统的不同将患者分为观察组(患者21例,患牙40颗,采用3M Single Bond Universal粘接系统)、对照1组(患者21例,患牙36颗,采用VariolinkⅡ粘接系统)、对照2组(患者21例,患牙37颗,采用BISCO CHOICE 2粘接系统)。治疗后三组均于1周、3个月、12个月时进行随访,观察三组治疗后1周、3个月、12个月内贴面修复效果、贴面修复失败率及不良反应发生率。结果:术后1周,三组患者均无失败案例;对照1组存在2颗修复体保存完整度为Ⅰ级的患牙,对照2组存在3颗修复体保存完整度为I级的患牙,观察组未存在该类患者;术后12个月,观察组存在1颗修复体保存完整度Ⅱ级患牙,对照1组存在1颗保存完整度I级患牙,3颗修复体保存完整度Ⅱ级患牙,对照2组存在2颗保存完整度I级患牙,3颗修复体保存完整度Ⅱ级患牙。三组患者治疗效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1周、3个月、12个月三组贴面修复失败率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访期间内,三组患者不良反应情况比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对于前牙E-max铸瓷贴面修复患者,选取合适的适应证,并做好备牙步骤,3M Single Bond Universal与经典VariolinkⅡ粘接系统及BISCO CHOICE 2粘接系统治疗效果并无显著差异,值得在临床推广使用。
基金Supported by National Transgenic Special Project(2009ZX08003-009B)Beijing Science and Technology Commission Project(KJCX201102003)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to construct maize universal expression vector, in order to provide basis for using transgenic methods to improve abiotic stress tolerance of maize. [Method] Based on the transformation of existing pGreen0229 plant expression vector, phosphinothricin-resistant selectable marker-bar gene driving by CaMv35S promoter was constructed, which could be used to connect target gene of maize expression vector PGM-35Sbar, and transform Ji444 maize inbred lines by pollen tube pathway. [Result] The universal expression vector for PGM-35Sbar maize had been successfully constructed. When the maize plants were transformed, 14 resistant plants were obtained, and 12 plants were identified to be positive plants by PCR detection. [Conclusion] The study provided basis for rapid construction of maize expression vector containing specific target gene.
文摘Based on MATRIXx, a universal real-time visual distributed simulation system is developed. The system can receive different input data from network or local terminal. Application models in the simulation modules can automatically get such data to be analyzed and calculated, and then produce real-time simulation control information. Meanwhile, this paper designs relevant simulation components to implement the input and output data, which can guarantee the real-time and universal of the data transmission. Result of the experimental system shows that the real-time performance of the simulation is perfect.
文摘In the present paper, an efficient algorithm based on the continued fractions theory was established for the universal Y’s functions of space dynamics. The algorithm is valid for any conic motion (elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic).
文摘What and how we translate are questions often argued about. No matter what kind of answers one may give, priority in translation should be granted to meaning, especially those meanings that exist in all concerned languages. This research defines them as universal sememes, and the study of them as universal semantics, of which applications are also briefly looked into.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China No.61003262,National Natural Science Foundation of China No.60873237Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China No.20070007071
文摘Canetti and Herzog have already proposed universally composable symbolic analysis(UCSA) to analyze mutual authentication and key exchange protocols. However,they do not analyze group key exchange protocol. Therefore,this paper explores an approach to analyze group key exchange protocols,which realize automation and guarantee the soundness of cryptography. Considered that there exist many kinds of group key exchange protocols and the participants’ number of each protocol is arbitrary. So this paper takes the case of Burmester-Desmedt(BD) protocol with three participants against passive adversary(3-BD-Passive) . In a nutshell,our works lay the root for analyzing group key exchange protocols automatically without sacrificing soundness of cryptography.
