The paper aims to defme the lawfulness （model）, by which one can reliably estimate the distribution of motor units＇ force from the moment when leg extensor muscles start to generate the force until the moment when ...The paper aims to defme the lawfulness （model）, by which one can reliably estimate the distribution of motor units＇ force from the moment when leg extensor muscles start to generate the force until the moment when the maximal level is achieved. The study included 110 participants. To assess the contractile characteristics of leg extensors, standardized equipment and standardized isometric test in sitting position with the angle of the knee joint of 125° were used. The participants were instructed to exert their maximal force as quickly as possible. Using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and fitting the exponential model of the distribution of force of leg extensor motor units in the whole range of force generation is defined. The model has the following form： y = 0.2051e3.3855x, where y is the motor units force expressed in daN （decanewtons）, x is the time expressed in s （seconds）. It provides an understanding of the control of multivariate motor unit recruitment and distribution of their force during sports movements as well as training programming for the adoption of forms for conlrolling force distribution of motor units, the development of their maximum force and their involvement speed.展开更多
The theory of three-dimensional deformation is used.Based on rigid plastic assumption, the theory of stick friction and the sheet crown curve at the entry and the exit are used. The mathematical analytical formula of ...The theory of three-dimensional deformation is used.Based on rigid plastic assumption, the theory of stick friction and the sheet crown curve at the entry and the exit are used. The mathematical analytical formula of the rolling force in lateral distribution is deriven.展开更多
Gravitation is one of the basic phenomena of the world. Tremendous number of theoretical works on origin, nature, essentials, consequences, etc. of the gravitation and related phenomena were published so far. The most...Gravitation is one of the basic phenomena of the world. Tremendous number of theoretical works on origin, nature, essentials, consequences, etc. of the gravitation and related phenomena were published so far. The most prominent ones are based on the Albert Einstein＇s general theory of relativity. The author of this communication based his approach to the gravitation on Isaac Newton＇s law of the universal gravitation and related quantities, i.e. gravitational forces of matter objects, distance and motion. Namely on the fact, that the gravitation force is - as well as the inertia, mass, space ＂occupied＂ and other properties are - principal features/attributes/properties of matter objects. Gravitation is an additive property of matter objects. Taking into account other positivistic quantities like mass of the Earth, standard acceleration of gravity, and the value of the atomic unit of mass, the author defined a gravitational force of atomic unit （or ＂the Gravitational Force Quantum＂） as a gravitational force which exerts one atomic unit of Earth＇s mass on 1 kilogram of a mass on Earth＇s surface, and he calculated its value： GFO = 1.4958 × 10^-54 N. This quantity can be useful for further development of the ＂quantum mechanical＂ approach to the description and general notion about the world.展开更多
Comprehensive 3D model tests and numerical simulation were performed to study the effects of wave obliquity and multidirectionality on the wave forces acting on vertical breakwaters. The variation of wave forces actin...Comprehensive 3D model tests and numerical simulation were performed to study the effects of wave obliquity and multidirectionality on the wave forces acting on vertical breakwaters. The variation of wave forces acting on the unit length of a breakwater was analyzed, and the results were compared with Goda＇s formula. A numerical model based on a short-crest wave system was used to model regular wave forces for practical use, which showed good results for those waves with small incident angles.展开更多
In the article ＂The Gravitational Force Quantum and its Value＂ [1 ], the author defined a gravitational force of the atomic unit （＂the Gravitational Force Quantum＂） as a gravitational force which exerts one atom...In the article ＂The Gravitational Force Quantum and its Value＂ [1 ], the author defined a gravitational force of the atomic unit （＂the Gravitational Force Quantum＂） as a gravitational force which exerts one atomic unit of the Earth＇s mass on l kilogram of a mass on the Earth＇s surface, and he calculated its value as： GFQEarth = 1.4958 × 10.54 N. In the present contribution, he extended the Gravitational Force Quantum concept to further Objects of the Solar Planetary System and for the Pluto. He calculated values of the GFQo on the analogous basis, i.e. of the mass and the standard acceleration of the gravity of individual objects and of the atomic unit of the mass. He received GFQo values for the Mercury 102.1427 × 1055N, the Venus 16,60012 × 10-55N, the Earth 14.97839 × l0-55 N, the Mars 52.91869 × 10-55N, the Jupiter 0.124391×1055 N, the Saturn 0.17929 ×1055N, the Uranus 0.945178 ×1055N, the Neptune 1.002845 × 10-55N, for the Pluto 458.9124 × 10-55N, and for the Sun 0.001257 × 10-55N, respectively. He multiplied the GFQo values by second power of the radii of the individual objects （O）, receiving values denoted as the ＂Elementary Gravitational Charge＂ （Go）. The Elementary Gravitational Charge represents a gravitational force of one atomic unit of mass in the （radius） distance of 1 meter. They were found of the same value： GMe= Gv = GE= GMa= Gj= Gs = Gp= GSun= 6.079675463 × 10-41N. The values were the same as the calculated one on the basis of the ＂classical＂ Newton＇s formula： FG = И × M × m / R2, for the gravitational force between the atomic unit mass and a mass of 1 kg at a distance of 1 meter, which value was calculated as G = 6.079675463 ×1041 N. The quantity of the Elementary Gravitational Charge can be supposed to be analogous to the Elementary （Electric） Charge （e =1.6021766208（98） × 10-19 C） quantity.展开更多
文摘The paper aims to defme the lawfulness （model）, by which one can reliably estimate the distribution of motor units＇ force from the moment when leg extensor muscles start to generate the force until the moment when the maximal level is achieved. The study included 110 participants. To assess the contractile characteristics of leg extensors, standardized equipment and standardized isometric test in sitting position with the angle of the knee joint of 125° were used. The participants were instructed to exert their maximal force as quickly as possible. Using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and fitting the exponential model of the distribution of force of leg extensor motor units in the whole range of force generation is defined. The model has the following form： y = 0.2051e3.3855x, where y is the motor units force expressed in daN （decanewtons）, x is the time expressed in s （seconds）. It provides an understanding of the control of multivariate motor unit recruitment and distribution of their force during sports movements as well as training programming for the adoption of forms for conlrolling force distribution of motor units, the development of their maximum force and their involvement speed.
文摘The theory of three-dimensional deformation is used.Based on rigid plastic assumption, the theory of stick friction and the sheet crown curve at the entry and the exit are used. The mathematical analytical formula of the rolling force in lateral distribution is deriven.
文摘Gravitation is one of the basic phenomena of the world. Tremendous number of theoretical works on origin, nature, essentials, consequences, etc. of the gravitation and related phenomena were published so far. The most prominent ones are based on the Albert Einstein＇s general theory of relativity. The author of this communication based his approach to the gravitation on Isaac Newton＇s law of the universal gravitation and related quantities, i.e. gravitational forces of matter objects, distance and motion. Namely on the fact, that the gravitation force is - as well as the inertia, mass, space ＂occupied＂ and other properties are - principal features/attributes/properties of matter objects. Gravitation is an additive property of matter objects. Taking into account other positivistic quantities like mass of the Earth, standard acceleration of gravity, and the value of the atomic unit of mass, the author defined a gravitational force of atomic unit （or ＂the Gravitational Force Quantum＂） as a gravitational force which exerts one atomic unit of Earth＇s mass on 1 kilogram of a mass on Earth＇s surface, and he calculated its value： GFO = 1.4958 × 10^-54 N. This quantity can be useful for further development of the ＂quantum mechanical＂ approach to the description and general notion about the world.
基金Project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 50079001).
文摘Comprehensive 3D model tests and numerical simulation were performed to study the effects of wave obliquity and multidirectionality on the wave forces acting on vertical breakwaters. The variation of wave forces acting on the unit length of a breakwater was analyzed, and the results were compared with Goda＇s formula. A numerical model based on a short-crest wave system was used to model regular wave forces for practical use, which showed good results for those waves with small incident angles.
文摘In the article ＂The Gravitational Force Quantum and its Value＂ [1 ], the author defined a gravitational force of the atomic unit （＂the Gravitational Force Quantum＂） as a gravitational force which exerts one atomic unit of the Earth＇s mass on l kilogram of a mass on the Earth＇s surface, and he calculated its value as： GFQEarth = 1.4958 × 10.54 N. In the present contribution, he extended the Gravitational Force Quantum concept to further Objects of the Solar Planetary System and for the Pluto. He calculated values of the GFQo on the analogous basis, i.e. of the mass and the standard acceleration of the gravity of individual objects and of the atomic unit of the mass. He received GFQo values for the Mercury 102.1427 × 1055N, the Venus 16,60012 × 10-55N, the Earth 14.97839 × l0-55 N, the Mars 52.91869 × 10-55N, the Jupiter 0.124391×1055 N, the Saturn 0.17929 ×1055N, the Uranus 0.945178 ×1055N, the Neptune 1.002845 × 10-55N, for the Pluto 458.9124 × 10-55N, and for the Sun 0.001257 × 10-55N, respectively. He multiplied the GFQo values by second power of the radii of the individual objects （O）, receiving values denoted as the ＂Elementary Gravitational Charge＂ （Go）. The Elementary Gravitational Charge represents a gravitational force of one atomic unit of mass in the （radius） distance of 1 meter. They were found of the same value： GMe= Gv = GE= GMa= Gj= Gs = Gp= GSun= 6.079675463 × 10-41N. The values were the same as the calculated one on the basis of the ＂classical＂ Newton＇s formula： FG = И × M × m / R2, for the gravitational force between the atomic unit mass and a mass of 1 kg at a distance of 1 meter, which value was calculated as G = 6.079675463 ×1041 N. The quantity of the Elementary Gravitational Charge can be supposed to be analogous to the Elementary （Electric） Charge （e =1.6021766208（98） × 10-19 C） quantity.
