The effect of thermal cycling under loading on martensitic transformation and two-way shape memory effect was investigated for Ti-49.8 at, pet Ni alloy. It is shown that M(s), and M(f) temperature increase with increa...The effect of thermal cycling under loading on martensitic transformation and two-way shape memory effect was investigated for Ti-49.8 at, pet Ni alloy. It is shown that M(s), and M(f) temperature increase with increasing the number of cycles, while A(s) and A(f) temperature decrease during thermal cycling. The total strain at and permanent strain epsilon (p) increase with increasing applied stress and number of cycles. The two-way shape memory effect can be improved by proper thermal cycling training under loading, while excessively high applied stress results in the deterioration of TWSME. The reason for the changes in martensitic transformation characteristics and two-way shape memory effect during thermal cycling under loading is discussed based on the analysis of microstructure by TEM observations.展开更多
This work explored the way to improve hot modulus q/＇ rupture （HMOR） and refractoriness under load （RUL） by adding mild-calcined coal gangue （MCG） in Al2O3 -SiO2 ultra low cement （ULC） castables, making use o...This work explored the way to improve hot modulus q/＇ rupture （HMOR） and refractoriness under load （RUL） by adding mild-calcined coal gangue （MCG） in Al2O3 -SiO2 ultra low cement （ULC） castables, making use of the in-situ effect of the MCG during heating-up. The influence of respective additions of 5%, 10% and 1.5% of the MCG powders calcined at 700℃ was investigated on HMOR at 1400 ℃ and RUL of the castables. With increased addition of the MCG, HMOR and RUL become significantly enhanced. At 10% of the MCG addition, HMOR reaches 3 MPa, as compared to 0. 3 MPa in the case of no MCG addition. RUL of the specimens dried at 110 ℃for 24 h can be increased by some 270 ℃ with 10% of the MCG addition. RUL 0.11 the specimens preheated at 1 500℃ for 3 h maintains the growth trend with the MCG addition increasing. The microstructure of the heated castable samples was investigated by means of SEM. The in-situ formed needle-like and interlaced mullite in the matrix is contributive to the tmprovement.展开更多
The preparation of reference samples for refractoriness under load （ non-differential, with rising temperature） of refractories was discussed. According to features and application of reference samples, quartz glass...The preparation of reference samples for refractoriness under load （ non-differential, with rising temperature） of refractories was discussed. According to features and application of reference samples, quartz glass was chosen as a stand-by reference material for uniformity and stability tests. Then, the true value was fixed by gathering the testing results from many labs with stable testing levels and reliable testing results in China. The testing results from these labs were used for normality test by Shapiro-wilk method; and for abnormality value test by Grubbs method, for equal observation test by Cochran method. After confirming no abnormality values among the testing results from the labs. the average values of reference samples were calculated and the uncertainty was appraised. The results show that the standard value of reference samples is 1 386 ℃ and the expanded uncertainty is 12 ℃.展开更多
This standard specifies the definitions, theory, apparatus, specimens, procedures, test results and disposal, test error and report of test method for refractoriness under load of refractory products （non-differentia...This standard specifies the definitions, theory, apparatus, specimens, procedures, test results and disposal, test error and report of test method for refractoriness under load of refractory products （non-differential, with rising temperature）.展开更多
In cloud data centers,the consolidation of workload is one of the phases during which the available hosts are allocated tasks.This phenomenon ensures that the least possible number of hosts is used without compromise ...In cloud data centers,the consolidation of workload is one of the phases during which the available hosts are allocated tasks.This phenomenon ensures that the least possible number of hosts is used without compromise in meeting the Service Level Agreement(SLA).To consolidate the workloads,the hosts are segregated into three categories:normal hosts,under-loaded hosts,and over-loaded hosts based on their utilization.It is to be noted that the identification of an extensively used host or underloaded host is challenging to accomplish.Thresh-old values were proposed in the literature to detect this scenario.The current study aims to improve the existing methods that choose the underloaded hosts,get rid of Virtual Machines(VMs)from them,andfinally place them in some other hosts.The researcher proposes a Host Resource Utilization Aware(HRUAA)Algorithm to detect those underloaded and place its virtual machines on different hosts in a vibrant Cloud environment.The mechanism presented in this study is contrasted with existing mechanisms empirically.The results attained from the study estab-lish that numerous hosts can be shut down,while at the same time,the user's workload requirement can also be met.The proposed method is energy-efficient in workload consolidation,saves cost and time,and leverages active hosts.展开更多
To improve the bending load-carrying capacity （ BLCC） of under-matched butt joint under four-point bending load in the elastic stage, the shape design of the reinforcement is studied based on the theoretics of mecha...To improve the bending load-carrying capacity （ BLCC） of under-matched butt joint under four-point bending load in the elastic stage, the shape design of the reinforcement is studied based on the theoretics of mechanics of materials. The concept, criterion, realization condition and design proposal of equal bending load-carrying capacity （EBLCC） are put forward. The theoretical analysis results have been verified by the finite element method. The simulation results are coincident basically with the ones of theoretical analysis. The research results show that the shape design of the reinforcement of EBLCC can improve BLCC of under-matched butt joint and the unilateral-side type reinforcement can replace double-side symmetry展开更多
High level architecture(HLA) is the open standard in the collaborative simulation field. Scholars have been paying close attention to theoretical research on and engineering applications of collaborative simulation ba...High level architecture(HLA) is the open standard in the collaborative simulation field. Scholars have been paying close attention to theoretical research on and engineering applications of collaborative simulation based on HLA/RTI, which extends HLA in various aspects like functionality and efficiency. However, related study on the load balancing problem of HLA collaborative simulation is insufficient. Without load balancing, collaborative simulation under HLA/RTI may encounter performance reduction or even fatal errors. In this paper, load balancing is further divided into static problems and dynamic problems. A multi-objective model is established and the randomness of model parameters is taken into consideration for static load balancing, which makes the model more credible. The Monte Carlo based optimization algorithm(MCOA) is excogitated to gain static load balance. For dynamic load balancing, a new type of dynamic load balancing problem is put forward with regards to the variable-structured collaborative simulation under HLA/RTI. In order to minimize the influence against the running collaborative simulation, the ordinal optimization based algorithm(OOA) is devised to shorten the optimization time. Furthermore, the two algorithms are adopted in simulation experiments of different scenarios, which demonstrate their effectiveness and efficiency. An engineering experiment about collaborative simulation under HLA/RTI of high speed electricity multiple units(EMU) is also conducted to indentify credibility of the proposed models and supportive utility of MCOA and OOA to practical engineering systems. The proposed research ensures compatibility of traditional HLA, enhances the ability for assigning simulation loads onto computing units both statically and dynamically, improves the performance of collaborative simulation system and makes full use of the hardware resources.展开更多
The hot load deformation tests of four kinds of insulating fireclay bricks were carried out using a high temperature creep furnace from Sinosteel Luoyang hlstitute of Refractories Reseorch Co. , Ltd. The testing load ...The hot load deformation tests of four kinds of insulating fireclay bricks were carried out using a high temperature creep furnace from Sinosteel Luoyang hlstitute of Refractories Reseorch Co. , Ltd. The testing load was fixed at 0. 069 MPa and the total testing time was with- in 6 h including the holding time of 1.5 h. The hot load defi〉rmation process of insulating fireclay bricks can be divided into three steps ： （ 1 ） expansion step from room temperature to RUL Tmax;（ 2 ） quick shrinkage step be- tween. RUL T and Ttest; 3 ） relatively slow shrinkage step during holding process. The deformation rate at the beginning of holding process （D0h） should be controlled withi, ＋0. 1%. The hot load deformation testing tem- perature of insulating fireclay bricks was optimized as the value of RUL T plus 220℃.展开更多
文摘The effect of thermal cycling under loading on martensitic transformation and two-way shape memory effect was investigated for Ti-49.8 at, pet Ni alloy. It is shown that M(s), and M(f) temperature increase with increasing the number of cycles, while A(s) and A(f) temperature decrease during thermal cycling. The total strain at and permanent strain epsilon (p) increase with increasing applied stress and number of cycles. The two-way shape memory effect can be improved by proper thermal cycling training under loading, while excessively high applied stress results in the deterioration of TWSME. The reason for the changes in martensitic transformation characteristics and two-way shape memory effect during thermal cycling under loading is discussed based on the analysis of microstructure by TEM observations.
文摘This work explored the way to improve hot modulus q/＇ rupture （HMOR） and refractoriness under load （RUL） by adding mild-calcined coal gangue （MCG） in Al2O3 -SiO2 ultra low cement （ULC） castables, making use of the in-situ effect of the MCG during heating-up. The influence of respective additions of 5%, 10% and 1.5% of the MCG powders calcined at 700℃ was investigated on HMOR at 1400 ℃ and RUL of the castables. With increased addition of the MCG, HMOR and RUL become significantly enhanced. At 10% of the MCG addition, HMOR reaches 3 MPa, as compared to 0. 3 MPa in the case of no MCG addition. RUL of the specimens dried at 110 ℃for 24 h can be increased by some 270 ℃ with 10% of the MCG addition. RUL 0.11 the specimens preheated at 1 500℃ for 3 h maintains the growth trend with the MCG addition increasing. The microstructure of the heated castable samples was investigated by means of SEM. The in-situ formed needle-like and interlaced mullite in the matrix is contributive to the tmprovement.
文摘The preparation of reference samples for refractoriness under load （ non-differential, with rising temperature） of refractories was discussed. According to features and application of reference samples, quartz glass was chosen as a stand-by reference material for uniformity and stability tests. Then, the true value was fixed by gathering the testing results from many labs with stable testing levels and reliable testing results in China. The testing results from these labs were used for normality test by Shapiro-wilk method; and for abnormality value test by Grubbs method, for equal observation test by Cochran method. After confirming no abnormality values among the testing results from the labs. the average values of reference samples were calculated and the uncertainty was appraised. The results show that the standard value of reference samples is 1 386 ℃ and the expanded uncertainty is 12 ℃.
文摘This standard specifies the definitions, theory, apparatus, specimens, procedures, test results and disposal, test error and report of test method for refractoriness under load of refractory products （non-differential, with rising temperature）.
文摘In cloud data centers,the consolidation of workload is one of the phases during which the available hosts are allocated tasks.This phenomenon ensures that the least possible number of hosts is used without compromise in meeting the Service Level Agreement(SLA).To consolidate the workloads,the hosts are segregated into three categories:normal hosts,under-loaded hosts,and over-loaded hosts based on their utilization.It is to be noted that the identification of an extensively used host or underloaded host is challenging to accomplish.Thresh-old values were proposed in the literature to detect this scenario.The current study aims to improve the existing methods that choose the underloaded hosts,get rid of Virtual Machines(VMs)from them,andfinally place them in some other hosts.The researcher proposes a Host Resource Utilization Aware(HRUAA)Algorithm to detect those underloaded and place its virtual machines on different hosts in a vibrant Cloud environment.The mechanism presented in this study is contrasted with existing mechanisms empirically.The results attained from the study estab-lish that numerous hosts can be shut down,while at the same time,the user's workload requirement can also be met.The proposed method is energy-efficient in workload consolidation,saves cost and time,and leverages active hosts.
文摘To improve the bending load-carrying capacity （ BLCC） of under-matched butt joint under four-point bending load in the elastic stage, the shape design of the reinforcement is studied based on the theoretics of mechanics of materials. The concept, criterion, realization condition and design proposal of equal bending load-carrying capacity （EBLCC） are put forward. The theoretical analysis results have been verified by the finite element method. The simulation results are coincident basically with the ones of theoretical analysis. The research results show that the shape design of the reinforcement of EBLCC can improve BLCC of under-matched butt joint and the unilateral-side type reinforcement can replace double-side symmetry
基金supported by National Science and Technology Support Program of China (Grant No. 2012BAF15G00)
文摘High level architecture(HLA) is the open standard in the collaborative simulation field. Scholars have been paying close attention to theoretical research on and engineering applications of collaborative simulation based on HLA/RTI, which extends HLA in various aspects like functionality and efficiency. However, related study on the load balancing problem of HLA collaborative simulation is insufficient. Without load balancing, collaborative simulation under HLA/RTI may encounter performance reduction or even fatal errors. In this paper, load balancing is further divided into static problems and dynamic problems. A multi-objective model is established and the randomness of model parameters is taken into consideration for static load balancing, which makes the model more credible. The Monte Carlo based optimization algorithm(MCOA) is excogitated to gain static load balance. For dynamic load balancing, a new type of dynamic load balancing problem is put forward with regards to the variable-structured collaborative simulation under HLA/RTI. In order to minimize the influence against the running collaborative simulation, the ordinal optimization based algorithm(OOA) is devised to shorten the optimization time. Furthermore, the two algorithms are adopted in simulation experiments of different scenarios, which demonstrate their effectiveness and efficiency. An engineering experiment about collaborative simulation under HLA/RTI of high speed electricity multiple units(EMU) is also conducted to indentify credibility of the proposed models and supportive utility of MCOA and OOA to practical engineering systems. The proposed research ensures compatibility of traditional HLA, enhances the ability for assigning simulation loads onto computing units both statically and dynamically, improves the performance of collaborative simulation system and makes full use of the hardware resources.
文摘The hot load deformation tests of four kinds of insulating fireclay bricks were carried out using a high temperature creep furnace from Sinosteel Luoyang hlstitute of Refractories Reseorch Co. , Ltd. The testing load was fixed at 0. 069 MPa and the total testing time was with- in 6 h including the holding time of 1.5 h. The hot load defi〉rmation process of insulating fireclay bricks can be divided into three steps ： （ 1 ） expansion step from room temperature to RUL Tmax;（ 2 ） quick shrinkage step be- tween. RUL T and Ttest; 3 ） relatively slow shrinkage step during holding process. The deformation rate at the beginning of holding process （D0h） should be controlled withi, ＋0. 1%. The hot load deformation testing tem- perature of insulating fireclay bricks was optimized as the value of RUL T plus 220℃.
