Using the model of Hindmarsh Rose neurons, we study the synchronous behavior of the firing patterns in an uncoupled cell system. In this work, the membrane current Iext is selected as a controllable parameter, whose i...Using the model of Hindmarsh Rose neurons, we study the synchronous behavior of the firing patterns in an uncoupled cell system. In this work, the membrane current Iext is selected as a controllable parameter, whose initial values for all N cells are set to be near one of the bifurcation points randomly. It is found that the system will show un-synchronous state when the external stimuli is absent, otherwise, full synchrony will appear, even though without any coupling connection among these N neurons, indicating the occurrence of uncoupled synchrony. Moreover, similar behavior could also be observed when these neurons are set to be near other bifurcation points. The synchronous error is calculated for discussing this uncoupled synehrony behavior. Finally, we find that such synchrony may have some inherent relevance with the decrease of phase difference between different cells. Our results suggest that biological neuron systems may achieve an effective response to external feeble stimulus by the mode of uncoupled synchrony instead of only by the coupled scheme.展开更多
In the actual microbial fermentation process,excessive or insufficient substrate can produce inhibitory effects on cells growth.The artificial substrate feeding rules by past experiences have great blindness to keep s...In the actual microbial fermentation process,excessive or insufficient substrate can produce inhibitory effects on cells growth.The artificial substrate feeding rules by past experiences have great blindness to keep substrate concentration in a given appropriate range.This paper considers that alkali feed depends on pH value of the solution and glycerol feed depends on glycerol concentration of the solution in the uncoupled microbial fed-hatch fermentation process,and establishes a state-dependent switched system in which the flow rates of glycerol and alkali,the number of mode switches,the mode sequence and the switching times are prior unknown.To maximize the yield of target product 1,3-Propanediol(1,3-PD),we formulate a switching optimal control problem with the flow rates of glycerol and alkali,the number of mode switches,the mode sequence and the switching times as decision variables,which is a mixed-integer dynamic programming problem.For solving the mixed-integer dynamic programming problem,the control parametrization technique,the time scaling transformation and the embedded system technology are used to obtain an approximate parameter optimization problem.By using a parallel optimization algorithm,we obtain the optimal control strategies.Under the obtained optimal control strategies,the 1,3-PD yield at the terminal time is increased significantly compared with the previous results.展开更多
In order to study the minimization of excess sludge production,the reduction in the excess sludge production in the presence of an inhibitor and uncoupler was studied in this work.The experimental results show that su...In order to study the minimization of excess sludge production,the reduction in the excess sludge production in the presence of an inhibitor and uncoupler was studied in this work.The experimental results show that such an addition could effectively reduce the production of excess sludge.With the energy uncoupling model established in this work,energy uncoupling coefficient(Eu)was used to evaluate the reduction in excess sludge production.The energy uncoupling coefficients in the presence of dinitrophenol(dNP),Zn^(2+),and Cu^(2+)was 0.75,0.46,and 0.18,respectively.The analysis demonstrated that energy spilling occurred in the presence of dNP,and that dNP was an effective uncoupler for reducing the production of excess activated sludge without affecting the microbial respiration activity.展开更多
In this paper,we propose an approach to nucleon-pair approximation(NPA)with m-scheme bases,in which the collective nucleon pairs are represented in terms of antisymmetric matrices,and commutations between nucleon pair...In this paper,we propose an approach to nucleon-pair approximation(NPA)with m-scheme bases,in which the collective nucleon pairs are represented in terms of antisymmetric matrices,and commutations between nucleon pairs are given using a matrix multiplication that avoids angular-momentum couplings and recouplings.Therefore the present approach significantly simplifies the NPA computation.Furthermore,it is formulated on the same footing with and without isospin.展开更多
The transient response mechanism of the platinum electrode to the uncoupled ions may be interpreted with the mixed phase formation (MPF) model of the transient response of precipitate-based ion-selective electrodes to...The transient response mechanism of the platinum electrode to the uncoupled ions may be interpreted with the mixed phase formation (MPF) model of the transient response of precipitate-based ion-selective electrodes to interfering tons for Kxy<<1 It is discovered that the peak height of the transient signal is related to the solubility of M(OH)2 and hydration heat of M2+ The relation between the positive peak height of transient signal of Pb2+ or Cd2+ and lgaM obey tne Nernst equation,while that of Ca2+ or Mg2+ does not.The equilibrium potential is not of Nernst response for all ions.展开更多
This paper presents an uncoupled state space solution to three-dimensional consolidation of layered poroelastic medium with anisotropic permeability and compressible pore fluid.Starting from the basic equations of por...This paper presents an uncoupled state space solution to three-dimensional consolidation of layered poroelastic medium with anisotropic permeability and compressible pore fluid.Starting from the basic equations of poroelastic medium,and introducing intermediate variables,the state space equation usually comprising eight coupled state vectors is uncoupled into two sets of equations of six and two state vectors in the Laplace-Fourier transform domain.Combined with the continuity conditions between adjacent layers and boundary conditions,the uncoupled state space solution of a layered poroelastic medium is obtained by using the transfer matrix method.Numerical results show that the anisotropy of permeability and the compressibility of pore fluid have remarkable influence on the consolidation behavior of poroelastic medium.展开更多
Our previous studies found that mitochondrial uncouplers CCCP and niclosamide inhibited artery constriction and the mechanism involved AMPK activation in vascular smooth muscle cells. BAM15 is a novel type of mitochon...Our previous studies found that mitochondrial uncouplers CCCP and niclosamide inhibited artery constriction and the mechanism involved AMPK activation in vascular smooth muscle cells. BAM15 is a novel type of mitochondrial uncoupler. The aim of the present study is to identify the vasoactivity of BAM15 and characterize the BAM15-induced AMPK activation in vascular smooth muscle cells(A10 cells). BAM15 relaxed phenylephrine(PE)-induced constricted rat mesenteric arteries with intact and denuded endothelium. Pretreatment with BAM15 inhibited PEinduced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries with intact and denuded endothelium. BAM15, CCCP,and niclosamide had the comparable IC50 value of vasorelaxation in PE-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries. BAM15 was less cytotoxic in A10 cells compared with CCCP and niclosamide.BAM15 depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, induced mitochondrial fission, increased mitochondrial ROS production, and increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in A10 cells.BAM15 potently activated AMPK in A10 cells and the efficacy of BAM15 was stronger than that of CCCP, niclosamide, and AMPK positive activators metformin and AICAR. In conclusion, BAM15 activates AMPK in vascular smooth muscle cells with higher potency than that of CCCP, niclosamide and the known AMPK activators metformin and AICAR. The present work indicates that BAM15 is a potent AMPK activator.展开更多
Our previous studies found that mitochondrial uncouplers induced vasodilation. Triclosan, the broad spectrum antibacterial agent, is the active ingredient in soaps and toothpastes. It was reported that triclosan induc...Our previous studies found that mitochondrial uncouplers induced vasodilation. Triclosan, the broad spectrum antibacterial agent, is the active ingredient in soaps and toothpastes. It was reported that triclosan induced mitochondrial uncoupling, so we aim to investigate the effects of triclosan on vascular function of rat mesenteric arteries and aorta. The isometric tension of rat mesenteric artery and thoracic aorta was recorded by multi-wire myograph system. The cytosolic [Ca^(2+)]_i, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mitoROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential of smooth muscle cells(A10 cells) were measured using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Triclosan treatment relaxed phenylephrine(PE)-and high K^(+)(KPSS)-induced constriction, and pre-treatment with triclosan inhibited PE-and KPSS-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries. In rat thoracic aorta, triclosan also relaxed PE-and KPSS-induced constriction. Triclosan induces vasorelaxation without involving KATPchannel activation in smooth muscle cells of arteries.Triclosan treatment increased cytosolic [Ca^(2+)]_i, mitochondrial ROS production and depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential in A10 cells. In conclusion, triclosan induces mitochondrial uncoupling in vascular smooth muscle cells and relaxes the constricted rat mesenteric arteries and aorta of rats. The present results suggest that triclosan would indicate vasodilation effect if absorbed excessively in vivo.展开更多
The gravity-driven membrane bioreactor(MBR)system is promising for decentralized sewage treatment because of its low energy consumption and maintenance requirements.However,the growing sludge not only increases membra...The gravity-driven membrane bioreactor(MBR)system is promising for decentralized sewage treatment because of its low energy consumption and maintenance requirements.However,the growing sludge not only increases membrane fouling,but also augments operational complexities(sludge discharge).We added the metabolic uncoupler 3,3’,4f,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide(TC$)to the system to deal with the mentioned issues.Based on the results,TCS addition effectively decreased sludge ATP and sludge yield(reduced by 50%).Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS;proteins and polysaccharides)decreased with the addition of TCS and were transformed into dissolved soluble microbial products(SMPs)in the bulk solution,leading to the break of sludge floes into small fragments.Permeability was increased by more than two times,reaching 60-70 L/m2/h bar when 10-30 mg/L TCS were added,because of the reduced suspended sludge and the formation of a thin cake layer with low EPS levels.Resistance analyses confirmed that appropriate dosages of TCS primarily decreased the cake layer and hydraulically reversible resistances.Permeability decreased at high dosage(50 mg/L)due to the release of excess sludge fragments and SMP into the supernatant,with a thin but more compact fouling layer with low bioactivity developing on the membrane surface,causing higher cake layer and pore blocking resistances.Our study provides a fundamental understanding of how a metabolic uncoupler affects the sludge and bio-fouling layers at different dosages,with practical relevance for in situ sludge reduction and membrane fouling alleviation in MBR systems.展开更多
Chlorfenapyr poisoning is associated with high mortality due to the absence of evidence-based treatment strategies or specific antidotes.[1,2]Chlorfenapyr is a novel N-substituted halogenated pyrrole pro-insecticide.T...Chlorfenapyr poisoning is associated with high mortality due to the absence of evidence-based treatment strategies or specific antidotes.[1,2]Chlorfenapyr is a novel N-substituted halogenated pyrrole pro-insecticide.The active metabolite of tralopyril(a metabolite of chlorfenapyr)can uncouple oxidative phosphorylation and impair adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production.[3]Blood purification techniques,including hemoperfusion(HP),may facilitate tralopyril clearance.[4,5]Here,we present a case of severe chlorfenapyr poisoning that was treated with intensive HP.H owever,during follow-up,we unexpectedly found a ventricular aneurysm in the left ventricle that was not fully explained by coronary artery lesions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)plays a pivotal role in modulating energy expen-diture and maintaining metabolic homeostasis within brown and beige adipo-cytes.It has also been implicated in tumorigenesis.AIM To ...BACKGROUND Uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)plays a pivotal role in modulating energy expen-diture and maintaining metabolic homeostasis within brown and beige adipo-cytes.It has also been implicated in tumorigenesis.AIM To investigate the expression and function of UCP1 in gastric cancer(GC).METHODS UCP1 protein expression in 211 GC tissues was examined using immunohisto-chemistry.Bisulfite sequencing PCR(BSP)was used to detect the methylation status of the UCP1 promoter in GC cell lines and tissues.The relationship between UCP1 expression and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.CCK8,scratch,transwell,and flow cytometry assays were carried out to analyze the proliferation,migration,invasion,and apoptosis of GC cell lines after knockdown or overexpression of UCP1 in vitro.A nude mouse tumor xenograft model was used to investigate the function of UCP1 in vivo.RNA sequencing,Kyoto Ency-clopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,and Rap1 pull-down assays were performed to identify the pathway associated with UCP1.RESULTS Loss of UCP1 was significantly associated with gender,poor differentiation,and advanced TNM stage of GC.Hypermethylation of UCP1 was confirmed in GC cells and tumor tissues by BSP.Overexpression of UCP1 suppressed GC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion,and it promoted apoptosis in vitro.UCP1 overexpression also suppressed GC tumor growth in vivo.Moreover,overexpression of UCP1 in GC cells resulted in a significant decrease in active Rap1 protein levels,whereas downregulation of UCP1 markedly enhanced Rap1 activity.CONCLUSION UCP1 downregulation in GC through promoter hypermethylation is related to the progression of GC,indicating that UCP1 plays a role as a tumor suppressor in GC.It regulates Rap1 signaling and may be a potential therapeutic target in GC.展开更多
In the present paper, the spectrums of off-diagonal infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian operators are studied. At first, we prove that the spectrum, the continuous-spectrum, and the union of the point-spectrum and residu...In the present paper, the spectrums of off-diagonal infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian operators are studied. At first, we prove that the spectrum, the continuous-spectrum, and the union of the point-spectrum and residual- spectrum of the operators are symmetric with respect to real axis and imaginary axis. Then for the purpose of reducing the dimension of the studied problems, the spectrums of the operators are expressed by the spectrums of the product of two self-adjoint operators in state spac,3. At last, the above-mentioned results are applied to plane elasticity problems, which shows the practicability of the results.展开更多
几乎所有类型的心脏、大血管疾病均可引起心力衰竭（心衰）。心衰时,机体会启动一系列代偿机制,如心脏前负荷增加、心肌肥厚、交感兴奋性增强、RAAS激活等。心肌肥厚以心肌纤维增多为主,能源供体的线粒体也相应增多。解偶联蛋白2（uncou...几乎所有类型的心脏、大血管疾病均可引起心力衰竭（心衰）。心衰时,机体会启动一系列代偿机制,如心脏前负荷增加、心肌肥厚、交感兴奋性增强、RAAS激活等。心肌肥厚以心肌纤维增多为主,能源供体的线粒体也相应增多。解偶联蛋白2（uncoupling protein 2,UCP2）是位于线粒体内膜上的质子转运体,通过将内膜外的H＋转运回线粒体基质,导致氧化磷酸化解偶联。在心衰的发生发展过程中,展开更多
This study investigates the impact of different water coupling coefficients on the blasting effect of red sandstone.The analysis is based on the theories of detonation wave and elastic wave,focusing on the variation i...This study investigates the impact of different water coupling coefficients on the blasting effect of red sandstone.The analysis is based on the theories of detonation wave and elastic wave,focusing on the variation in wall pressure of the blasting holes.Using DDNP explosive as the explosive load,blasting tests were conducted on red sandstone specimens with four different water coupling coefficients:1.20,1.33,1.50,and 2.00.The study examines the morphologies of the rock specimens after blasting under these different water coupling coefficients.Additionally,the fractal dimensions of the surface cracks resulting from the blasting were calculated to provide a quantitative evaluation of the extent of rock damage.CT scanning and 3D reconstruction were performed on the post-blasting specimens to visually depict the extent of damage and fractures within the rock.Additionally,the volume fractal dimension and damage degree of the post-blasting specimens are calculated.The findings are then combined with numerical simulation to facilitate auxiliary analysis.The results demonstrate that an increase in the water coupling coefficient leads to a reduction in the peak pressure on the hole wall and the crushing zone,enabling more of the explosion energy to be utilized for crack propagation following the explosion.The specimens exhibited distinct failure patterns,resulting in corresponding changes in fractal dimensions.The simulated pore wall pressure–time curve validated the derived theoretical results,whereas the stress cloud map and explosion energy-time curve demonstrated the buffering effect of the water medium.As the water coupling coefficient increases,the buffering effect of the water medium becomes increasingly prominent.展开更多
This paper investiages the secondary Bjerknes force for two oscillating bubbles in various pressure amplitudes in a concentration of 95% sulfuric acid. The equilibrium radii of the bubbles are assumed to be smaller th...This paper investiages the secondary Bjerknes force for two oscillating bubbles in various pressure amplitudes in a concentration of 95% sulfuric acid. The equilibrium radii of the bubbles are assumed to be smaller than 10 μm at a frequency of 37 kHz in various strong driving acoustical fields around 2.0 bars （1 bar=10^5 Pa）. The secondary Bjerknes force is investigated in uncoupled and coupled states between the bubbles, with regard to the quasi-adiabatic model for the bubble interior. It finds that the value of the secondary Bjerknes force depends on the driven pressure of sulfuric acid and its amount would be increased by liquid pressure amplitude enhancement. The results show that the repulsion area of the interaction force would be increased by increasing the driven pressure because of nonlinear oscillation of bubbles.展开更多
The exercise recommendation system is emerging as a promising application in online learning scenarios,providing personalized recommendations to assist students with explicit learning directions.Existing solutions gen...The exercise recommendation system is emerging as a promising application in online learning scenarios,providing personalized recommendations to assist students with explicit learning directions.Existing solutions generally follow a collaborative filtering paradigm,while the implicit connections between students(exercises)have been largely ignored.In this study,we aim to propose an exercise recommendation paradigm that can reveal the latent connections between student-student(exercise-exercise).Specifically,a new framework was proposed,namely personalized exercise recommendation with student and exercise portraits(PERP).It consists of three sequential and interdependent modules:Collaborative student exercise graph(CSEG)construction,joint random walk,and recommendation list optimization.Technically,CSEG is created as a unified heterogeneous graph with students’response behaviors and student(exercise)relationships.Then,a joint random walk to take full advantage of the spectral properties of nearly uncoupled Markov chains is performed on CSEG,which allows for full exploration of both similar exercises that students have finished and connections between students(exercises)with similar portraits.Finally,we propose to optimize the recommendation list to obtain different exercise suggestions.After analyses of two public datasets,the results demonstrated that PERP can satisfy novelty,accuracy,and diversity.展开更多
In nature,there are widely distributed bi-modulus materials with different deformation characteristics under compressive and tensile stress states,such as concrete,rock and ceramics.Due to the lack of constitutive mod...In nature,there are widely distributed bi-modulus materials with different deformation characteristics under compressive and tensile stress states,such as concrete,rock and ceramics.Due to the lack of constitutive model that could reasonably consider the bi-modulus property of materials,and the lack of simple and reliable measurement methods for the tensile elastic parameters of materials,scientists and engineers always neglect the effect of the bi-modulus property of materials in engineering design and numerical simulation.To solve this problem,this study utilizes the uncoupled strain-driven constitutive model proposed by Latorre and Montáns(2020)to systematically study the distributions and magnitudes of stresses and strains of bi-modulus materials in the three-point bending test through the numerical method.Furthermore,a new method to synchronously measure the tensile and compressive elastic moduli of materials through the four-point bending test is proposed.The numerical results show that the bi-modulus property of materials has a significant effect on the stress,strain and displacement in the specimen utilized in the three-point and four-point bending tests.Meanwhile,the results from the numerical tests,in which the elastic constitutive model proposed by Latorre and Montáns(2020)is utilized,also indicate that the newly proposed measurement method has a good reliability.Although the new measurement method proposed in this study can synchronously and effectively measure the tensile and compressive elastic moduli,it cannot measure the tensile and compressive Poisson’s ratios.展开更多
In this paper, the following conclusions are reached: The influence of damage on the stress and strain feilds can be neglected in an asymptotic sense for the solutions of damage field in a plastic solid containing sma...In this paper, the following conclusions are reached: The influence of damage on the stress and strain feilds can be neglected in an asymptotic sense for the solutions of damage field in a plastic solid containing small damage. The formulation of the problem is simplified with an uncoupled approach. Based on experimental results of plastic damage, most of the damage in the material are con- sidered as small damage with the critacal damage variable ω_c<<1. Using this approach, closed form ex- pressions of the near tip damage fields for mode Ⅲ, mode I and the temperature distribution induced by plastic dissipation in a hardening material containing damage are deduced. We point out that the temperature distribution in the process zone is strongly dependent on the damage of materials even for the small damage case. The results of the predicted value of the temperature rise near the tip region ignoring the damage effect is appreciably higher than the observed data. The main reason of this discrepancy is the presence of damage dissipation and the fact that its influence on the calculation of plas- tic dissipation have not been appropriately taken account of. The calculation is improved by taking in- to account the damage effect on the temperature rise, then the T_(max) value is in better accord with the experimental value.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11047017the Natural Science Funds of Anhui Province under Grant No 1508085MA15
文摘Using the model of Hindmarsh Rose neurons, we study the synchronous behavior of the firing patterns in an uncoupled cell system. In this work, the membrane current Iext is selected as a controllable parameter, whose initial values for all N cells are set to be near one of the bifurcation points randomly. It is found that the system will show un-synchronous state when the external stimuli is absent, otherwise, full synchrony will appear, even though without any coupling connection among these N neurons, indicating the occurrence of uncoupled synchrony. Moreover, similar behavior could also be observed when these neurons are set to be near other bifurcation points. The synchronous error is calculated for discussing this uncoupled synehrony behavior. Finally, we find that such synchrony may have some inherent relevance with the decrease of phase difference between different cells. Our results suggest that biological neuron systems may achieve an effective response to external feeble stimulus by the mode of uncoupled synchrony instead of only by the coupled scheme.
基金This work is supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11771008,11171050 and 11371164)the National Science Foundation for the Youth of China(Grant Nos.11201267,11301051,11301081 and 11401073)+3 种基金the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Fujian(Grant No.2014J05001)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities in China(Grant DUT15LK25)the China Scholorship Council(CSC,No.201506060121)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2017MA005).
文摘In the actual microbial fermentation process,excessive or insufficient substrate can produce inhibitory effects on cells growth.The artificial substrate feeding rules by past experiences have great blindness to keep substrate concentration in a given appropriate range.This paper considers that alkali feed depends on pH value of the solution and glycerol feed depends on glycerol concentration of the solution in the uncoupled microbial fed-hatch fermentation process,and establishes a state-dependent switched system in which the flow rates of glycerol and alkali,the number of mode switches,the mode sequence and the switching times are prior unknown.To maximize the yield of target product 1,3-Propanediol(1,3-PD),we formulate a switching optimal control problem with the flow rates of glycerol and alkali,the number of mode switches,the mode sequence and the switching times as decision variables,which is a mixed-integer dynamic programming problem.For solving the mixed-integer dynamic programming problem,the control parametrization technique,the time scaling transformation and the embedded system technology are used to obtain an approximate parameter optimization problem.By using a parallel optimization algorithm,we obtain the optimal control strategies.Under the obtained optimal control strategies,the 1,3-PD yield at the terminal time is increased significantly compared with the previous results.
基金This work was supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of the Tenth Five-Year Plan of Anhui Province(Grant No.04013029)the Research Foundation of Hefei University of Technology(Grant No.050801F).
文摘In order to study the minimization of excess sludge production,the reduction in the excess sludge production in the presence of an inhibitor and uncoupler was studied in this work.The experimental results show that such an addition could effectively reduce the production of excess sludge.With the energy uncoupling model established in this work,energy uncoupling coefficient(Eu)was used to evaluate the reduction in excess sludge production.The energy uncoupling coefficients in the presence of dinitrophenol(dNP),Zn^(2+),and Cu^(2+)was 0.75,0.46,and 0.18,respectively.The analysis demonstrated that energy spilling occurred in the presence of dNP,and that dNP was an effective uncoupler for reducing the production of excess activated sludge without affecting the microbial respiration activity.
基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2019JDRC0017)Doctoral Program of Southwest University of Science and Technology(18zx7147)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(11705100)Youth Innovations and Talents Project of Shandong Provincial Colleges,and Universities(201909118)Higher Educational Youth Innovation Science and Technology Program Shandong Province(2020KJJ004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11975151,11675101,11961141003)MOE Key Lab for Particle Physics,Astrophysics and Cosmology for financial support。
文摘In this paper,we propose an approach to nucleon-pair approximation(NPA)with m-scheme bases,in which the collective nucleon pairs are represented in terms of antisymmetric matrices,and commutations between nucleon pairs are given using a matrix multiplication that avoids angular-momentum couplings and recouplings.Therefore the present approach significantly simplifies the NPA computation.Furthermore,it is formulated on the same footing with and without isospin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The transient response mechanism of the platinum electrode to the uncoupled ions may be interpreted with the mixed phase formation (MPF) model of the transient response of precipitate-based ion-selective electrodes to interfering tons for Kxy<<1 It is discovered that the peak height of the transient signal is related to the solubility of M(OH)2 and hydration heat of M2+ The relation between the positive peak height of transient signal of Pb2+ or Cd2+ and lgaM obey tne Nernst equation,while that of Ca2+ or Mg2+ does not.The equilibrium potential is not of Nernst response for all ions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50578121).
文摘This paper presents an uncoupled state space solution to three-dimensional consolidation of layered poroelastic medium with anisotropic permeability and compressible pore fluid.Starting from the basic equations of poroelastic medium,and introducing intermediate variables,the state space equation usually comprising eight coupled state vectors is uncoupled into two sets of equations of six and two state vectors in the Laplace-Fourier transform domain.Combined with the continuity conditions between adjacent layers and boundary conditions,the uncoupled state space solution of a layered poroelastic medium is obtained by using the transfer matrix method.Numerical results show that the anisotropy of permeability and the compressibility of pore fluid have remarkable influence on the consolidation behavior of poroelastic medium.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91739102 and 81773725)
文摘Our previous studies found that mitochondrial uncouplers CCCP and niclosamide inhibited artery constriction and the mechanism involved AMPK activation in vascular smooth muscle cells. BAM15 is a novel type of mitochondrial uncoupler. The aim of the present study is to identify the vasoactivity of BAM15 and characterize the BAM15-induced AMPK activation in vascular smooth muscle cells(A10 cells). BAM15 relaxed phenylephrine(PE)-induced constricted rat mesenteric arteries with intact and denuded endothelium. Pretreatment with BAM15 inhibited PEinduced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries with intact and denuded endothelium. BAM15, CCCP,and niclosamide had the comparable IC50 value of vasorelaxation in PE-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries. BAM15 was less cytotoxic in A10 cells compared with CCCP and niclosamide.BAM15 depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, induced mitochondrial fission, increased mitochondrial ROS production, and increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in A10 cells.BAM15 potently activated AMPK in A10 cells and the efficacy of BAM15 was stronger than that of CCCP, niclosamide, and AMPK positive activators metformin and AICAR. In conclusion, BAM15 activates AMPK in vascular smooth muscle cells with higher potency than that of CCCP, niclosamide and the known AMPK activators metformin and AICAR. The present work indicates that BAM15 is a potent AMPK activator.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81373406 and 81421063)
文摘Our previous studies found that mitochondrial uncouplers induced vasodilation. Triclosan, the broad spectrum antibacterial agent, is the active ingredient in soaps and toothpastes. It was reported that triclosan induced mitochondrial uncoupling, so we aim to investigate the effects of triclosan on vascular function of rat mesenteric arteries and aorta. The isometric tension of rat mesenteric artery and thoracic aorta was recorded by multi-wire myograph system. The cytosolic [Ca^(2+)]_i, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mitoROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential of smooth muscle cells(A10 cells) were measured using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Triclosan treatment relaxed phenylephrine(PE)-and high K^(+)(KPSS)-induced constriction, and pre-treatment with triclosan inhibited PE-and KPSS-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries. In rat thoracic aorta, triclosan also relaxed PE-and KPSS-induced constriction. Triclosan induces vasorelaxation without involving KATPchannel activation in smooth muscle cells of arteries.Triclosan treatment increased cytosolic [Ca^(2+)]_i, mitochondrial ROS production and depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential in A10 cells. In conclusion, triclosan induces mitochondrial uncoupling in vascular smooth muscle cells and relaxes the constricted rat mesenteric arteries and aorta of rats. The present results suggest that triclosan would indicate vasodilation effect if absorbed excessively in vivo.
基金This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51608150)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology(No.ES201810-02)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.E2017042)the Natural Science Foundation of Harbin(No.2017RAQXJ206)special support from the China Postdoctoral Fund(No.2018T110303)special support from the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Found(No.LBH-TZ14).
文摘The gravity-driven membrane bioreactor(MBR)system is promising for decentralized sewage treatment because of its low energy consumption and maintenance requirements.However,the growing sludge not only increases membrane fouling,but also augments operational complexities(sludge discharge).We added the metabolic uncoupler 3,3’,4f,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide(TC$)to the system to deal with the mentioned issues.Based on the results,TCS addition effectively decreased sludge ATP and sludge yield(reduced by 50%).Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS;proteins and polysaccharides)decreased with the addition of TCS and were transformed into dissolved soluble microbial products(SMPs)in the bulk solution,leading to the break of sludge floes into small fragments.Permeability was increased by more than two times,reaching 60-70 L/m2/h bar when 10-30 mg/L TCS were added,because of the reduced suspended sludge and the formation of a thin cake layer with low EPS levels.Resistance analyses confirmed that appropriate dosages of TCS primarily decreased the cake layer and hydraulically reversible resistances.Permeability decreased at high dosage(50 mg/L)due to the release of excess sludge fragments and SMP into the supernatant,with a thin but more compact fouling layer with low bioactivity developing on the membrane surface,causing higher cake layer and pore blocking resistances.Our study provides a fundamental understanding of how a metabolic uncoupler affects the sludge and bio-fouling layers at different dosages,with practical relevance for in situ sludge reduction and membrane fouling alleviation in MBR systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3603100 and 2023YFC3603105)"Leading Goose"R&D Program of Zhejiang(2022C03076-4).
文摘Chlorfenapyr poisoning is associated with high mortality due to the absence of evidence-based treatment strategies or specific antidotes.[1,2]Chlorfenapyr is a novel N-substituted halogenated pyrrole pro-insecticide.The active metabolite of tralopyril(a metabolite of chlorfenapyr)can uncouple oxidative phosphorylation and impair adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production.[3]Blood purification techniques,including hemoperfusion(HP),may facilitate tralopyril clearance.[4,5]Here,we present a case of severe chlorfenapyr poisoning that was treated with intensive HP.H owever,during follow-up,we unexpectedly found a ventricular aneurysm in the left ventricle that was not fully explained by coronary artery lesions.
基金Supported by the Nanjing Health Science and Technology Development Fund,No.YKK24223.
文摘BACKGROUND Uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)plays a pivotal role in modulating energy expen-diture and maintaining metabolic homeostasis within brown and beige adipo-cytes.It has also been implicated in tumorigenesis.AIM To investigate the expression and function of UCP1 in gastric cancer(GC).METHODS UCP1 protein expression in 211 GC tissues was examined using immunohisto-chemistry.Bisulfite sequencing PCR(BSP)was used to detect the methylation status of the UCP1 promoter in GC cell lines and tissues.The relationship between UCP1 expression and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.CCK8,scratch,transwell,and flow cytometry assays were carried out to analyze the proliferation,migration,invasion,and apoptosis of GC cell lines after knockdown or overexpression of UCP1 in vitro.A nude mouse tumor xenograft model was used to investigate the function of UCP1 in vivo.RNA sequencing,Kyoto Ency-clopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,and Rap1 pull-down assays were performed to identify the pathway associated with UCP1.RESULTS Loss of UCP1 was significantly associated with gender,poor differentiation,and advanced TNM stage of GC.Hypermethylation of UCP1 was confirmed in GC cells and tumor tissues by BSP.Overexpression of UCP1 suppressed GC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion,and it promoted apoptosis in vitro.UCP1 overexpression also suppressed GC tumor growth in vivo.Moreover,overexpression of UCP1 in GC cells resulted in a significant decrease in active Rap1 protein levels,whereas downregulation of UCP1 markedly enhanced Rap1 activity.CONCLUSION UCP1 downregulation in GC through promoter hypermethylation is related to the progression of GC,indicating that UCP1 plays a role as a tumor suppressor in GC.It regulates Rap1 signaling and may be a potential therapeutic target in GC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10562002the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No.20070126002+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia under Grant No.200508010103the Inner Mongolia University Scientific Research Starting Foundation for Talented Scholars under Grant No.207066
文摘In the present paper, the spectrums of off-diagonal infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian operators are studied. At first, we prove that the spectrum, the continuous-spectrum, and the union of the point-spectrum and residual- spectrum of the operators are symmetric with respect to real axis and imaginary axis. Then for the purpose of reducing the dimension of the studied problems, the spectrums of the operators are expressed by the spectrums of the product of two self-adjoint operators in state spac,3. At last, the above-mentioned results are applied to plane elasticity problems, which shows the practicability of the results.
文摘几乎所有类型的心脏、大血管疾病均可引起心力衰竭（心衰）。心衰时,机体会启动一系列代偿机制,如心脏前负荷增加、心肌肥厚、交感兴奋性增强、RAAS激活等。心肌肥厚以心肌纤维增多为主,能源供体的线粒体也相应增多。解偶联蛋白2（uncoupling protein 2,UCP2）是位于线粒体内膜上的质子转运体,通过将内膜外的H＋转运回线粒体基质,导致氧化磷酸化解偶联。在心衰的发生发展过程中,
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2902103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51934001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023JCCXLJ02).
文摘This study investigates the impact of different water coupling coefficients on the blasting effect of red sandstone.The analysis is based on the theories of detonation wave and elastic wave,focusing on the variation in wall pressure of the blasting holes.Using DDNP explosive as the explosive load,blasting tests were conducted on red sandstone specimens with four different water coupling coefficients:1.20,1.33,1.50,and 2.00.The study examines the morphologies of the rock specimens after blasting under these different water coupling coefficients.Additionally,the fractal dimensions of the surface cracks resulting from the blasting were calculated to provide a quantitative evaluation of the extent of rock damage.CT scanning and 3D reconstruction were performed on the post-blasting specimens to visually depict the extent of damage and fractures within the rock.Additionally,the volume fractal dimension and damage degree of the post-blasting specimens are calculated.The findings are then combined with numerical simulation to facilitate auxiliary analysis.The results demonstrate that an increase in the water coupling coefficient leads to a reduction in the peak pressure on the hole wall and the crushing zone,enabling more of the explosion energy to be utilized for crack propagation following the explosion.The specimens exhibited distinct failure patterns,resulting in corresponding changes in fractal dimensions.The simulated pore wall pressure–time curve validated the derived theoretical results,whereas the stress cloud map and explosion energy-time curve demonstrated the buffering effect of the water medium.As the water coupling coefficient increases,the buffering effect of the water medium becomes increasingly prominent.
基金Project supported by Sharif University of Technology
文摘This paper investiages the secondary Bjerknes force for two oscillating bubbles in various pressure amplitudes in a concentration of 95% sulfuric acid. The equilibrium radii of the bubbles are assumed to be smaller than 10 μm at a frequency of 37 kHz in various strong driving acoustical fields around 2.0 bars （1 bar=10^5 Pa）. The secondary Bjerknes force is investigated in uncoupled and coupled states between the bubbles, with regard to the quasi-adiabatic model for the bubble interior. It finds that the value of the secondary Bjerknes force depends on the driven pressure of sulfuric acid and its amount would be increased by liquid pressure amplitude enhancement. The results show that the repulsion area of the interaction force would be increased by increasing the driven pressure because of nonlinear oscillation of bubbles.
基金supported by the Industrial Support Project of Gansu Colleges under Grant No.2022CYZC-11Gansu Natural Science Foundation Project under Grant No.21JR7RA114+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.622760736,No.1762078,and No.61363058Northwest Normal University Teachers Research Capacity Promotion Plan under Grant No.NWNU-LKQN2019-2.
文摘The exercise recommendation system is emerging as a promising application in online learning scenarios,providing personalized recommendations to assist students with explicit learning directions.Existing solutions generally follow a collaborative filtering paradigm,while the implicit connections between students(exercises)have been largely ignored.In this study,we aim to propose an exercise recommendation paradigm that can reveal the latent connections between student-student(exercise-exercise).Specifically,a new framework was proposed,namely personalized exercise recommendation with student and exercise portraits(PERP).It consists of three sequential and interdependent modules:Collaborative student exercise graph(CSEG)construction,joint random walk,and recommendation list optimization.Technically,CSEG is created as a unified heterogeneous graph with students’response behaviors and student(exercise)relationships.Then,a joint random walk to take full advantage of the spectral properties of nearly uncoupled Markov chains is performed on CSEG,which allows for full exploration of both similar exercises that students have finished and connections between students(exercises)with similar portraits.Finally,we propose to optimize the recommendation list to obtain different exercise suggestions.After analyses of two public datasets,the results demonstrated that PERP can satisfy novelty,accuracy,and diversity.
基金funding support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3102402)as well as from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51879257).
文摘In nature,there are widely distributed bi-modulus materials with different deformation characteristics under compressive and tensile stress states,such as concrete,rock and ceramics.Due to the lack of constitutive model that could reasonably consider the bi-modulus property of materials,and the lack of simple and reliable measurement methods for the tensile elastic parameters of materials,scientists and engineers always neglect the effect of the bi-modulus property of materials in engineering design and numerical simulation.To solve this problem,this study utilizes the uncoupled strain-driven constitutive model proposed by Latorre and Montáns(2020)to systematically study the distributions and magnitudes of stresses and strains of bi-modulus materials in the three-point bending test through the numerical method.Furthermore,a new method to synchronously measure the tensile and compressive elastic moduli of materials through the four-point bending test is proposed.The numerical results show that the bi-modulus property of materials has a significant effect on the stress,strain and displacement in the specimen utilized in the three-point and four-point bending tests.Meanwhile,the results from the numerical tests,in which the elastic constitutive model proposed by Latorre and Montáns(2020)is utilized,also indicate that the newly proposed measurement method has a good reliability.Although the new measurement method proposed in this study can synchronously and effectively measure the tensile and compressive elastic moduli,it cannot measure the tensile and compressive Poisson’s ratios.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘In this paper, the following conclusions are reached: The influence of damage on the stress and strain feilds can be neglected in an asymptotic sense for the solutions of damage field in a plastic solid containing small damage. The formulation of the problem is simplified with an uncoupled approach. Based on experimental results of plastic damage, most of the damage in the material are con- sidered as small damage with the critacal damage variable ω_c<<1. Using this approach, closed form ex- pressions of the near tip damage fields for mode Ⅲ, mode I and the temperature distribution induced by plastic dissipation in a hardening material containing damage are deduced. We point out that the temperature distribution in the process zone is strongly dependent on the damage of materials even for the small damage case. The results of the predicted value of the temperature rise near the tip region ignoring the damage effect is appreciably higher than the observed data. The main reason of this discrepancy is the presence of damage dissipation and the fact that its influence on the calculation of plas- tic dissipation have not been appropriately taken account of. The calculation is improved by taking in- to account the damage effect on the temperature rise, then the T_(max) value is in better accord with the experimental value.
