Background:Human skin is affected by ultraviolet rays on a daily basis,and excessive ultraviolet radiation(UVR)can lead to sunburn erythema,tanning,photoaging,and skin tumors.The combination of Astragali Radix(AR)and ...Background:Human skin is affected by ultraviolet rays on a daily basis,and excessive ultraviolet radiation(UVR)can lead to sunburn erythema,tanning,photoaging,and skin tumors.The combination of Astragali Radix(AR)and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma(AAR)is a common pairing in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).According to earlier studies,they possess properties capable of alleviating the adverse impacts of UVR on the skin.However,the specific actions and underlying mechanisms require further investigation.The study aims to analyze the efficacy of AR-AAR in preventing UVR-induced skin damage and to clarify the associated molecular mechanisms.Methods:Potential signaling pathways by which AR and AAR may protect against UVR-induced skin damage were identified with network pharmacology,molecular docking techniques and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation.Except the normal group,the back skin of SD rats was exposed to 1.1 mW/cm^(2) UVA combined with 0.1 mW/cm^(2) UVB daily,and the UVR skin damage model was established.Morphological features of skin tissues of different groups were discovered through Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE)staining,Masson staining,Weigert staining.ELISA was utilized to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),Interleukin 6(IL-6),Interleukin 1β(IL-1β)and Tumor necrosis factos-α(TNF-α)in skin tissues.RT-PCR and Western blot were employed to quantify the mRNA and protein contents of PI3K,AKT,and MMP-9.Results:Network pharmacology analysis predicts that AR-AAR may improve skin damage induced by UVR through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Histological staining shows that AR-AAR can significantly reduce inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis in damaged skin.Treatment with AR-AAR(2:1)significantly reduced the expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αand ROS in UVR-damaged rat skin.After treatment with AR-AAR(2:1),not only did the relative mRNA expression levels of PI3K and AKT and the protein expression levels of PI3K,AKT,P-PI3K,and P-AKT increase,but the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-9 decreased.Conclusion:The study indicate that the AR-AAR combination and its active components may mitigate UVR skin damage by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.展开更多
BACKGROUND Empathetic psychological care improves mood and enhances the quality of life in critically ill patients.AIM To study the impact of combining 222-nm ultraviolet(UV)disinfection with empathetic psychological ...BACKGROUND Empathetic psychological care improves mood and enhances the quality of life in critically ill patients.AIM To study the impact of combining 222-nm ultraviolet(UV)disinfection with empathetic psychological care on emotional states,nosocomial infection rates,and quality of life in critically ill patients.METHODS A total of 202 critically ill patients admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital(December 2023 to May 2024)were randomly assigned to control(Ctrl,n=101)or observation groups(Obs,n=101).The Ctrl group received 222-nm UV disinfection and routine care,while the Obs group received 222-nm UV disinfection with empathetic psychological care.Emotional states[Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)],hospital infection rates,quality of life(36-Item Short Form Health Survey),and patient satisfaction were evaluated.RESULTS At baseline,there were no significant differences in SAS and SDS scores between the groups(P>0.05).Following care,both groups demonstrated reductions in SAS and SDS scores,with the Obs group exhibiting a significantly greater reduction(P<0.05).The Obs group also experienced a significantly lower overall hospital infection rate(P<0.05).Similarly,while baseline 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores did not differ significantly between the groups(P>0.05),post-care scores improved in both groups,with a greater improvement observed in the Obs group(P<0.05).Additionally,the Obs group reported higher patient satisfaction ratings(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of 222-nm UV disinfection and empathetic psychological care improves emotional states,reduces hospital infection rates,enhances the quality of life,and increases patient satisfaction among critically ill patients.展开更多
During thewater treatment process,chlorination and ultraviolet(UV)sterilization can modify microplastics(MPs)and alter their physicochemical properties,causing various changes between MPs and other pollutants.In this ...During thewater treatment process,chlorination and ultraviolet(UV)sterilization can modify microplastics(MPs)and alter their physicochemical properties,causing various changes between MPs and other pollutants.In this study,the impact of chlorination and UV modification on the physicochemical properties of polystyrene(PS)and polyvinyl chloride(PVC)were investigated,and the adsorption behavior of pefloxacin(PEF)before and after modificationwas examined.The effect of pH,ionic strength,dissolved organicmatter,heavymetal ions and other water environmental conditions on adsorption behavior was revealed.The results showed that PS had a higher adsorption capacity of PEF than PVC,and the modification increased the presence of O-containing functional groups in the MPs,thereby enhancing the adsorption capacity of both materials.Chlorination had a more significant impact on the physicochemical properties of MPs compared to UV irradiation within the same time period,leading to better adsorption performance of chlorination.The optimal pH for adsorption was found to be 6,and NaCl,sodium alginate and Cu2+would inhibit adsorption to varying degrees,among which the inhibition caused by pH was the strongest.Chlorination and UV modification would weaken the inhibitory effect of environmental factors on the adsorption of PEF by MPs.The main mechanisms of adsorption involved electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding.The study clarified the effects of modification on the physicochemical properties of MPs,providing reference for subsequent biotoxicity analysis and environmental protection studies.展开更多
Zinc oxide(ZnO)serves as a crucial functional semiconductor with a wide direct bandgap of approximately 3.37 eV.Solvothermal reaction is commonly used in the synthesis of ZnO micro/nanostructures,given its low cost,si...Zinc oxide(ZnO)serves as a crucial functional semiconductor with a wide direct bandgap of approximately 3.37 eV.Solvothermal reaction is commonly used in the synthesis of ZnO micro/nanostructures,given its low cost,simplicity,and easy implementation.Moreover,ZnO morphology engineering has become desirable through the alteration of minor conditions in the reaction process,particularly at room temperature.In this work,ZnO micro/nanostructures were synthesized in a solution by varying the amounts of the ammonia added at low temperatures(including room temperature).The formation of Zn^(2+)complexes by ammonia in the precursor regulated the reaction rate of the morphology engineering of ZnO,which resulted in various structures,such as nanoparticles,nanosheets,microflowers,and single crystals.Finally,the obtained ZnO was used in the optoelectronic application of ultraviolet detectors.展开更多
Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of meth...Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of methyl iodide and humidity interference are two major issues of the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)lamp initiated CIMS for on-line gaseous formic and acetic acids analysis.In this work,we present a new CIMS based on VUV lamp,and the ion-molecular reactor is separated into photoionization and chemical ionization zones by a reducer electrode.Acetone was added to the photoionization zone,and the VUV photoionization acetone provided low-energy electrons for methyl iodide to generate I−,and the addition of acetone reduced the amount of methyl iodide by 2/3.In the chemical ionization zone,a headspace vial containing ultrapure water was added for humidity calibration,and the vial changes the sensitivity as a function of humidity from ambiguity to well linear correlation(R2>0.95).With humidity calibration,the CIMS can quantitatively measure formic and acetic acids in the humidity range of 0%-88%RH.In this mode,limits of detection of 10 and 50 pptv are obtained for formic and acetic acids,respectively.And the relative standard deviation(RSD)of quantitation stability for 6 days were less than 10.5%.This CIMS was successfully used to determine the formic and acetic acids in the underground parking and ambient environment of the Shandong University campus(Qingdao,China).In addition,we developed a simple model based formic acid concentration to assess vehicular emissions.展开更多
In order to study the effects of Saussurea laniceps polysaccharides(SLPs)on the expression of inflammatory factors and antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in UVB-induced keratinocytes,SLPs were extracted by the ethanol therma...In order to study the effects of Saussurea laniceps polysaccharides(SLPs)on the expression of inflammatory factors and antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in UVB-induced keratinocytes,SLPs were extracted by the ethanol thermal reflux method,and SLPs at different concentrations were used to examine the inhibitory effect of COX-2(a key mediator of inflammatory pathway).A cell model of UVB irradiation-induced inflammation was established to determine the influence of SLPs on prostaglandin E2(PGE-2),TNF-αand IL-1βinflammatory factors,as well as the relationships of SLPs with LL-37 expression.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and western blot analysis were used to detect the production of inflammatory factors and LL-37 antimicrobial peptide.The results showed that the inhibition rate of COX-2 was 82.41%at 1000μg/mL,and the expression of PGE-2,TNF-αand IL-1βinflammatory factors in HaCaT cells was significantly downregulated at 100μg/mL(P<0.01).In addition,SLPs at 50μg/mL and 100μg/mL concentrations enhanced the expression of LL-37 antimicrobial peptide(P<0.01),thereby down-regulating the expression of TNF-αand IL-1βinflammatory factors,then reducing skin inflammation.Conclusion:SLP can significantly inhibit the inflammatory response induced by UVB,and can further slow down the damage caused by inflammation to the skin by regulating LL-37 antimicrobial peptides,which has the potential to prevent skin inflammatory damage caused by UVB irradiation.展开更多
This paper describes what is thought to be the first generation of a continuous wave deep ultraviolet laser at 275 nm by efficient frequency doubling of a blue-diode-pumped Pr:YLF laser at 550 nm.By employing a novel ...This paper describes what is thought to be the first generation of a continuous wave deep ultraviolet laser at 275 nm by efficient frequency doubling of a blue-diode-pumped Pr:YLF laser at 550 nm.By employing a novel fast-axis collimated blue semiconductor laser as the pump source,combined with a folded cavity and innovation coating technology,and utilizing a Brewster-cut BBO crystal for intracavity frequency doubling,TEM00 mode deep UV laser radiation at 275 nm with an output power of 351 mW is obtained.This marks the first report of achieving 275 nm laser generation based on Pr:LiYF4 to date.展开更多
Non-signaling functions of coloration include thermoregulation(thermal melanism hypothesis),protection against ultraviolet radiation(photoprotection hypothesis),and concealment from predators(crypsis hypothesis).We in...Non-signaling functions of coloration include thermoregulation(thermal melanism hypothesis),protection against ultraviolet radiation(photoprotection hypothesis),and concealment from predators(crypsis hypothesis).We investigated whether dorsal coloration in 19 populations of spiny-footed lizards,Acanthodactylus erythrurus,across the Iberian Peninsula varies according to these functions.We captured adult males and females in each population and calculated standardized dorsum brightness estimates from photographs.We also calculated standardized ground luminosity estimates and gathered information on latitude,altitude,mean annual temperature,and mean annual solar radiation for each location.Males showed a higher percentage of black coloration and a more contrasted dorsum than females,suggesting different selection pressures on dorsal coloration in both sexes.Furthermore,males showed a darker dorsum and a higher percentage of black coloration at higher altitudes and when the ground was darker.In contrast,females exhibited a darker dorsum only when the ground was darker and a higher percentage of black coloration only at higher altitudes.We also observed that the variation of dorsum luminosity within males and the variation of dorsum luminosity among females within populations were both positively related to the variation of ground luminosity among different points within locations.Latitude,temperature,and solar radiation were not signifcantly related to dorsal coloration in either sex.Our results support the photoprotection and crypsis hypotheses in males and,to some extent,in females,whereas the thermal melanism hypothesis is weakly supported in both sexes.These fndings suggest that there is local adaptation in the dorsal coloration of the spiny-footed lizard.展开更多
Color plays an important role in the daily chemical product market,and transparent packaging of daily chemical products are loved by consumers,but it is difficult to avoid fading,discoloration or photodegradation of t...Color plays an important role in the daily chemical product market,and transparent packaging of daily chemical products are loved by consumers,but it is difficult to avoid fading,discoloration or photodegradation of the inner material of the product.UV light is a major contributor to colorant fading,which can affect color stability by damaging chromogenic groups and producing free radicals.In view of this,the combination of four ultraviolet absorbers DHHB,OS,OMC,and MCE was investigated,and the photostability of five common colorants in cosmetics was studied.After 28 days of photostability test,the pigment preservation rate was analyzed,and the results showed that 0.1%of the UV absorber compound could have a certain protective effect on the colorant,and 0.5%of the compound could significantly improve the photostability of the colorant.Adding ultraviolet absorbers to daily chemical products can significantly improve the fading,discoloration or photodegradation of colorants caused by ultraviolet rays.展开更多
Sulfates are always promising short-wave ultraviolet(UV)nonlinear optical(NLO)candidates,if their birefringence could be greatly improved.Here,in terms of the insufficient birefringence,the unity of heteroleptic tetra...Sulfates are always promising short-wave ultraviolet(UV)nonlinear optical(NLO)candidates,if their birefringence could be greatly improved.Here,in terms of the insufficient birefringence,the unity of heteroleptic tetrahedral groups and triangular ones was proposed and implemented.Thus,a new semiorganic crystal,[C(NH_(2))_(3)]S_(3)O_(6)(G_(2)S_(3)O_(6)),was obtained,which is composed of[S_(3)O_(6)]^(2-)and[C(NH_(2))_(3)]+groups.It exhibits excellent optical properties with a short absorption cutoff edge of 218 nm,a strong NLO response of 1.4×KH_(2)PO_(4),and more especially,a large birefringence of 0.097@546 nm.This birefringence leap makes the G_(2)S_(3)O_(6) crystal achieve a phase-matching behavior under a 532 nm laser.Thus,the synergy of[S_(3)O_(6)]^(2-)and[C(NH_(2))_(3)]~+groups results in excellent optical performances.This finding opens a new horizon for exploring novel UV NLO crystals.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the mechanisms by which unripe papaya extract(UCP)protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced inflammation and apoptosis.Methods:High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify th...Objective:To investigate the mechanisms by which unripe papaya extract(UCP)protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced inflammation and apoptosis.Methods:High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify the phytochemical composition of UCP.The free radical scavenging capacity of UCP was assessed against O_(2)·^(-),and H2O2.HaCaT cells were pre-treated with varying concentrations of UCP and exposed to 40 mJ/cm2 UVB radiation.Cell viability,reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,apoptotic markers,and inflammatory mediators were evaluated using standard biochemical assays and molecular techniques.Results:UCP treatment significantly improved cell viability and reduced intracellular ROS and the release of O_(2)·^(-)and H2O2.UCP also inhibited apoptosis,as evidenced by reduced cytochrome c release and suppression of Akt phosphorylation.Additionally,UCP exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating COX-2 expression,suppressing PGE2 release,and inhibiting c-Jun and NF-κB signaling pathways.Conclusions:UCP effectively protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis.These findings support its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for preventing UV-related skin damage.However,in vivo studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy.展开更多
This study begins with the fabrication and simulation of high-performance back-illuminated AlGaN-based solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)photodetectors.Based on the photodetectors,a low-noise,high-gain UV detection system ci...This study begins with the fabrication and simulation of high-performance back-illuminated AlGaN-based solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)photodetectors.Based on the photodetectors,a low-noise,high-gain UV detection system circuit is designed and fabricated,enabling the detection,acquisition,and calibration of weak solar-blind UV signals.Experimental results demonstrate that under zero bias conditions,with a UV light power density of 3.45μW/cm^(2) at 260 nm,the sample achieves a peak responsivity(R)of 0.085 A·W^(−1),an external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 40.7%,and a detectivity(D^(*))of 7.46×10^(12) cm·Hz^(1/2)·W^(−1).The system exhibits a bandpass characteristic within the 240–280 nm wavelength range,coupled with a high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of 39.74 dB.展开更多
Birefringent crystals exhibit significant advantages in the field of polarization state modulation due to their unique optical anisotropy properties. The property optimization between bandgap and birefringence depends...Birefringent crystals exhibit significant advantages in the field of polarization state modulation due to their unique optical anisotropy properties. The property optimization between bandgap and birefringence depends on the crystal structure, which is always a key scientific problem in the field of functional crystal materials design. In this work, the fluorination-oriented strategy was applied to the design of crystals with large birefringence and deep ultraviolet (DUV) cutoff edges. By introducing the fluorinated [SiF_(6)] octahedron, the arrangement orientation of the π-conjugated [C(NH_(2))_(3)] groups was accurately regulated, thereby achieving the design and preparation of a new crystal [C(NH_(2))_(3)]_(2)SiF_(6) with a large bandgap (6.34 eV) and large birefringence (0.16 @546 nm). In addition, [C(NH_(2))_(3)]_(2)SiF_(6) (GSF) can obtain large-sized crystals through a simple water solution evaporation method, and it has unique advantages such as low cost and easy growth. The synergistic mechanism between the core factors of significant birefringence and wide bandgap in [C(NH2)3]2SiF6 was revealed through experimental characterization and theoretical calculation. This work provides promising candidates with exceptional properties for DUV applications.展开更多
Mitochondria are not only the main source of cellular energy but also participate in regulating key physiological processes such as intracellular oxidative stress,signal transduction,and apoptosis,which are crucial fo...Mitochondria are not only the main source of cellular energy but also participate in regulating key physiological processes such as intracellular oxidative stress,signal transduction,and apoptosis,which are crucial for maintaining the structure and function of the skin.Increasing evidence suggests that abnormalities in mitochondrial structure,function,and regulation are closely related to the occurrence and development of skin photoaging.However,the critical role of mitochondria in skin photoaging has yet to be thoroughly explored and studied.In this review,we summarize the roles of mitochondria in the occurrence and development of skin photoaging,aiming to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging.展开更多
Amorphous InGaZnO(IGZO)is a potential candidate for integrated circuits based on thin-film transistors(TFTs)owing to its low-temperature processability and high mobility.Amorphous InGaMgO/InGaZnO(IGMO/IGZO)heterojunct...Amorphous InGaZnO(IGZO)is a potential candidate for integrated circuits based on thin-film transistors(TFTs)owing to its low-temperature processability and high mobility.Amorphous InGaMgO/InGaZnO(IGMO/IGZO)heterojunction was deposited and TFTs based on IGMO/IGZO heterojunction were fabricated in this report.The energy band at the IGMO/IGZO heterojunction was characterized,and the potential well at the interface of IGZO is critical to the enhanced ultraviolet detection of the IGMO/IGZO heterojunction.Furthermore,the TFTs based on IGMO/IGZO heterojunction exhibited a high responsivity of 3.8×10^(3) A/W and a large detectivity of 5.2×10^(14) Jones under 350-nm ultraviolet illumination,which will also benefit for fabrication of monolithic ultraviolet sensing chip.展开更多
Wireless ultraviolet (UV) has strong scattering characteristics and can communicate through non-direct vision.When UV signals are transmitted in the atmosphere,they are affected by the absorption and scattering effect...Wireless ultraviolet (UV) has strong scattering characteristics and can communicate through non-direct vision.When UV signals are transmitted in the atmosphere,they are affected by the absorption and scattering effects of atmospheric particles and atmospheric turbulence,resulting in attenuation of UV signal energy and reduced reliability of the communication system.This paper focuses on the channel model of UV non-direct-view single scattering communication,and simulates and analyzes the communication characteristics of UV light in atmospheric turbulence and mixed aerosol environment under horizontal,vertical and oblique range communication scenarios.The results show that at equal relative humidity,the wireless UV non-directive scattering communication performance for vertical communication scenarios is more affected by the mixed aerosol environment and the communication performance is worse.展开更多
Self-powered photoelectrochemical-type(PEC)ultraviolet photodetectors(UV PDs)have been rapidly developed owing to their low-cost fabrication and good photodetection.However,achieving high-performance and selfpowered P...Self-powered photoelectrochemical-type(PEC)ultraviolet photodetectors(UV PDs)have been rapidly developed owing to their low-cost fabrication and good photodetection.However,achieving high-performance and selfpowered PEC UV PDs based on an individual material is still challenging.Therefore,developing more wide bandgap semiconductors for high-performance PEC UV PDs is attractive.Here,we demonstrate that ZnAl-LDH is suitable for self-powered PEC UV PDs with high responsivity and excellent wavelength selectivity for the first time.The responsivity is 29.25 mA/W(254 nm irradiation)and the UV/visible rejection ratio is 1037,surpassing most PEC UV PDs.Furthermore,the PEC UV PDs have fast response,good stability,and underwater optical communication capability.This work offers more chances for the development of high-performance PEC UV PDs and demonstrates the potential application of ZnAl-LDH in underwater optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Zirconium-based metal-organic cages(Zr-MOCs)typically exhibit high stability,but their structural and application reports are scarce due to stringent crystallization conditions.We have successfully fluorinated the cla...Zirconium-based metal-organic cages(Zr-MOCs)typically exhibit high stability,but their structural and application reports are scarce due to stringent crystallization conditions.We have successfully fluorinated the classical Zr-MOCs(ZrT-3)for the first time,obtaining the fluorinated MOCs(ZrT-3-F).Notably,ZrT-3-F not only inherits the high stability of its parent structure,but also acts as a catalyst for the effective oxidation of benzyl thioether for the first time.The reaction can reach a conversion rate of 99%in 6 h,and the selectivity reaches 95%,which far exceeds the non-fluorinated ZrT-3.This work proves that the specific functionalization of the classical Zr-MOCs can further expand their application potential,such as catalysis.展开更多
Doped gallium oxide-based thin films are a class of wide-band semiconductor materials with the ad-vantages of chemically stable,tunable bandgap,and offer the benefit of ultraviolet response.In order to obtain photodet...Doped gallium oxide-based thin films are a class of wide-band semiconductor materials with the ad-vantages of chemically stable,tunable bandgap,and offer the benefit of ultraviolet response.In order to obtain photodetectors(PDs)with superior response,higher demands are placed on the quality of growth and processing of doped films.In this work,Zn-doped ternary metal oxide ZnGaO(ZGO)thin films were grown using the atomic layer deposition technique and annealed at different temperatures under an oxy-gen atmosphere.The results showed that the high-quality ZGO films with good uniformity,high visible light transmittance,low roughness,and significant reduction of oxygen vacancies were obtained after an-nealing.Subsequently,metal-semiconductor-metal PDs were prepared based on the studied ZGO films.The responsivity(R),detectivity(D^(∗)),and external quantum efficiency(EQE)of the optimized device are 61.8 A W^(-1),1.2×10^(12) Jones,and 255.9%,respectively.Compared to the unannealed device,the an-nealed ZGO PD achieves a maximum 309-fold increase in responsivity.This thermal engineering work may provide a strong reference for the development of low-cost,large-area,high-performance ultraviolet detection.And it also broadens the application of ternary metal oxides in optoelectronics.展开更多
Large-scale hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)single crystals are highly desirable not only as the substrate or dielectric for van der Waals heterostructures,but also the promising candidates in optoelectronics,electronics...Large-scale hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)single crystals are highly desirable not only as the substrate or dielectric for van der Waals heterostructures,but also the promising candidates in optoelectronics,electronics,detectors,as well as recently boomed room-temperature single-photon sources.Here,we report the synthesis of centimeter-scale single-crystal h-BN films with hundreds of micrometer thickness via the metal flux method.The growth control along the out-of-plane and in-plane directions of h-BN crystals is realized by the adjustment of NiCr alloy composition,from which the limited solubility of N atoms can be promoted by high diffusion in molten reactants.This also benefits to forming a distinct interface between the synthesized h-BN crystals and the metal ingot,giving rise to an easy exfoliation of the large area high-quality thick films.Such h-BN crystals have been demonstrated as both self-powered flexible and rigid vacuum-ultraviolet photodetectors,allowing for efficient photodetection in terms of high responsivity,rapid response speed,and high operational temperature.A maximum photoresponsivity of 3.35 mA/W is achieved at a wavelength of 185 nm with an operational temperature spanning to 500℃(and possibly beyond).The large-area freestanding h-BN single crystal described herein reveals great potential as a high-performance photodetector,and versatile platform for other superb electronic and optoelectronic devices.展开更多
基金supported by the Shaanxi Qinchuang Yuan“scientist+engineer”team construction(No.2023KXJ-080)Shaanxi Chiral Drug Engineering Technology Research Center(Department of Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province.No.[2011]-251).
文摘Background:Human skin is affected by ultraviolet rays on a daily basis,and excessive ultraviolet radiation(UVR)can lead to sunburn erythema,tanning,photoaging,and skin tumors.The combination of Astragali Radix(AR)and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma(AAR)is a common pairing in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).According to earlier studies,they possess properties capable of alleviating the adverse impacts of UVR on the skin.However,the specific actions and underlying mechanisms require further investigation.The study aims to analyze the efficacy of AR-AAR in preventing UVR-induced skin damage and to clarify the associated molecular mechanisms.Methods:Potential signaling pathways by which AR and AAR may protect against UVR-induced skin damage were identified with network pharmacology,molecular docking techniques and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation.Except the normal group,the back skin of SD rats was exposed to 1.1 mW/cm^(2) UVA combined with 0.1 mW/cm^(2) UVB daily,and the UVR skin damage model was established.Morphological features of skin tissues of different groups were discovered through Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE)staining,Masson staining,Weigert staining.ELISA was utilized to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),Interleukin 6(IL-6),Interleukin 1β(IL-1β)and Tumor necrosis factos-α(TNF-α)in skin tissues.RT-PCR and Western blot were employed to quantify the mRNA and protein contents of PI3K,AKT,and MMP-9.Results:Network pharmacology analysis predicts that AR-AAR may improve skin damage induced by UVR through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Histological staining shows that AR-AAR can significantly reduce inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis in damaged skin.Treatment with AR-AAR(2:1)significantly reduced the expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αand ROS in UVR-damaged rat skin.After treatment with AR-AAR(2:1),not only did the relative mRNA expression levels of PI3K and AKT and the protein expression levels of PI3K,AKT,P-PI3K,and P-AKT increase,but the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-9 decreased.Conclusion:The study indicate that the AR-AAR combination and its active components may mitigate UVR skin damage by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
基金Supported by Beijing Ditan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University“Sailing Plan”,No.DTQH-202405.
文摘BACKGROUND Empathetic psychological care improves mood and enhances the quality of life in critically ill patients.AIM To study the impact of combining 222-nm ultraviolet(UV)disinfection with empathetic psychological care on emotional states,nosocomial infection rates,and quality of life in critically ill patients.METHODS A total of 202 critically ill patients admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital(December 2023 to May 2024)were randomly assigned to control(Ctrl,n=101)or observation groups(Obs,n=101).The Ctrl group received 222-nm UV disinfection and routine care,while the Obs group received 222-nm UV disinfection with empathetic psychological care.Emotional states[Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)],hospital infection rates,quality of life(36-Item Short Form Health Survey),and patient satisfaction were evaluated.RESULTS At baseline,there were no significant differences in SAS and SDS scores between the groups(P>0.05).Following care,both groups demonstrated reductions in SAS and SDS scores,with the Obs group exhibiting a significantly greater reduction(P<0.05).The Obs group also experienced a significantly lower overall hospital infection rate(P<0.05).Similarly,while baseline 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores did not differ significantly between the groups(P>0.05),post-care scores improved in both groups,with a greater improvement observed in the Obs group(P<0.05).Additionally,the Obs group reported higher patient satisfaction ratings(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of 222-nm UV disinfection and empathetic psychological care improves emotional states,reduces hospital infection rates,enhances the quality of life,and increases patient satisfaction among critically ill patients.
基金supported by the Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2023-054)the Applied Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province,China(No.20210302123121)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52170045).
文摘During thewater treatment process,chlorination and ultraviolet(UV)sterilization can modify microplastics(MPs)and alter their physicochemical properties,causing various changes between MPs and other pollutants.In this study,the impact of chlorination and UV modification on the physicochemical properties of polystyrene(PS)and polyvinyl chloride(PVC)were investigated,and the adsorption behavior of pefloxacin(PEF)before and after modificationwas examined.The effect of pH,ionic strength,dissolved organicmatter,heavymetal ions and other water environmental conditions on adsorption behavior was revealed.The results showed that PS had a higher adsorption capacity of PEF than PVC,and the modification increased the presence of O-containing functional groups in the MPs,thereby enhancing the adsorption capacity of both materials.Chlorination had a more significant impact on the physicochemical properties of MPs compared to UV irradiation within the same time period,leading to better adsorption performance of chlorination.The optimal pH for adsorption was found to be 6,and NaCl,sodium alginate and Cu2+would inhibit adsorption to varying degrees,among which the inhibition caused by pH was the strongest.Chlorination and UV modification would weaken the inhibitory effect of environmental factors on the adsorption of PEF by MPs.The main mechanisms of adsorption involved electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding.The study clarified the effects of modification on the physicochemical properties of MPs,providing reference for subsequent biotoxicity analysis and environmental protection studies.
基金funded by the National Natural Science F oundation of China(No.52172205)。
文摘Zinc oxide(ZnO)serves as a crucial functional semiconductor with a wide direct bandgap of approximately 3.37 eV.Solvothermal reaction is commonly used in the synthesis of ZnO micro/nanostructures,given its low cost,simplicity,and easy implementation.Moreover,ZnO morphology engineering has become desirable through the alteration of minor conditions in the reaction process,particularly at room temperature.In this work,ZnO micro/nanostructures were synthesized in a solution by varying the amounts of the ammonia added at low temperatures(including room temperature).The formation of Zn^(2+)complexes by ammonia in the precursor regulated the reaction rate of the morphology engineering of ZnO,which resulted in various structures,such as nanoparticles,nanosheets,microflowers,and single crystals.Finally,the obtained ZnO was used in the optoelectronic application of ultraviolet detectors.
基金supported by the National Special Fund for the Development of Major Research Equipment and Instrument(No.2020YFF01014503)the Young Taishan Scholars(No.tsqn201909039)the College 20 Project fromJi Nan Science&Technology Bureau(No.2021GXRC058).
文摘Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of methyl iodide and humidity interference are two major issues of the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)lamp initiated CIMS for on-line gaseous formic and acetic acids analysis.In this work,we present a new CIMS based on VUV lamp,and the ion-molecular reactor is separated into photoionization and chemical ionization zones by a reducer electrode.Acetone was added to the photoionization zone,and the VUV photoionization acetone provided low-energy electrons for methyl iodide to generate I−,and the addition of acetone reduced the amount of methyl iodide by 2/3.In the chemical ionization zone,a headspace vial containing ultrapure water was added for humidity calibration,and the vial changes the sensitivity as a function of humidity from ambiguity to well linear correlation(R2>0.95).With humidity calibration,the CIMS can quantitatively measure formic and acetic acids in the humidity range of 0%-88%RH.In this mode,limits of detection of 10 and 50 pptv are obtained for formic and acetic acids,respectively.And the relative standard deviation(RSD)of quantitation stability for 6 days were less than 10.5%.This CIMS was successfully used to determine the formic and acetic acids in the underground parking and ambient environment of the Shandong University campus(Qingdao,China).In addition,we developed a simple model based formic acid concentration to assess vehicular emissions.
文摘In order to study the effects of Saussurea laniceps polysaccharides(SLPs)on the expression of inflammatory factors and antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in UVB-induced keratinocytes,SLPs were extracted by the ethanol thermal reflux method,and SLPs at different concentrations were used to examine the inhibitory effect of COX-2(a key mediator of inflammatory pathway).A cell model of UVB irradiation-induced inflammation was established to determine the influence of SLPs on prostaglandin E2(PGE-2),TNF-αand IL-1βinflammatory factors,as well as the relationships of SLPs with LL-37 expression.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and western blot analysis were used to detect the production of inflammatory factors and LL-37 antimicrobial peptide.The results showed that the inhibition rate of COX-2 was 82.41%at 1000μg/mL,and the expression of PGE-2,TNF-αand IL-1βinflammatory factors in HaCaT cells was significantly downregulated at 100μg/mL(P<0.01).In addition,SLPs at 50μg/mL and 100μg/mL concentrations enhanced the expression of LL-37 antimicrobial peptide(P<0.01),thereby down-regulating the expression of TNF-αand IL-1βinflammatory factors,then reducing skin inflammation.Conclusion:SLP can significantly inhibit the inflammatory response induced by UVB,and can further slow down the damage caused by inflammation to the skin by regulating LL-37 antimicrobial peptides,which has the potential to prevent skin inflammatory damage caused by UVB irradiation.
文摘This paper describes what is thought to be the first generation of a continuous wave deep ultraviolet laser at 275 nm by efficient frequency doubling of a blue-diode-pumped Pr:YLF laser at 550 nm.By employing a novel fast-axis collimated blue semiconductor laser as the pump source,combined with a folded cavity and innovation coating technology,and utilizing a Brewster-cut BBO crystal for intracavity frequency doubling,TEM00 mode deep UV laser radiation at 275 nm with an output power of 351 mW is obtained.This marks the first report of achieving 275 nm laser generation based on Pr:LiYF4 to date.
基金funded by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF A way of making Europe)and the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science(grant CGL2008-00137/BOS).
文摘Non-signaling functions of coloration include thermoregulation(thermal melanism hypothesis),protection against ultraviolet radiation(photoprotection hypothesis),and concealment from predators(crypsis hypothesis).We investigated whether dorsal coloration in 19 populations of spiny-footed lizards,Acanthodactylus erythrurus,across the Iberian Peninsula varies according to these functions.We captured adult males and females in each population and calculated standardized dorsum brightness estimates from photographs.We also calculated standardized ground luminosity estimates and gathered information on latitude,altitude,mean annual temperature,and mean annual solar radiation for each location.Males showed a higher percentage of black coloration and a more contrasted dorsum than females,suggesting different selection pressures on dorsal coloration in both sexes.Furthermore,males showed a darker dorsum and a higher percentage of black coloration at higher altitudes and when the ground was darker.In contrast,females exhibited a darker dorsum only when the ground was darker and a higher percentage of black coloration only at higher altitudes.We also observed that the variation of dorsum luminosity within males and the variation of dorsum luminosity among females within populations were both positively related to the variation of ground luminosity among different points within locations.Latitude,temperature,and solar radiation were not signifcantly related to dorsal coloration in either sex.Our results support the photoprotection and crypsis hypotheses in males and,to some extent,in females,whereas the thermal melanism hypothesis is weakly supported in both sexes.These fndings suggest that there is local adaptation in the dorsal coloration of the spiny-footed lizard.
文摘Color plays an important role in the daily chemical product market,and transparent packaging of daily chemical products are loved by consumers,but it is difficult to avoid fading,discoloration or photodegradation of the inner material of the product.UV light is a major contributor to colorant fading,which can affect color stability by damaging chromogenic groups and producing free radicals.In view of this,the combination of four ultraviolet absorbers DHHB,OS,OMC,and MCE was investigated,and the photostability of five common colorants in cosmetics was studied.After 28 days of photostability test,the pigment preservation rate was analyzed,and the results showed that 0.1%of the UV absorber compound could have a certain protective effect on the colorant,and 0.5%of the compound could significantly improve the photostability of the colorant.Adding ultraviolet absorbers to daily chemical products can significantly improve the fading,discoloration or photodegradation of colorants caused by ultraviolet rays.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52172009 and 12275274)the Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province(Nos.2021J01519 and 2021H0043)the Instrument Developing Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.YJKYYQ20210033)。
文摘Sulfates are always promising short-wave ultraviolet(UV)nonlinear optical(NLO)candidates,if their birefringence could be greatly improved.Here,in terms of the insufficient birefringence,the unity of heteroleptic tetrahedral groups and triangular ones was proposed and implemented.Thus,a new semiorganic crystal,[C(NH_(2))_(3)]S_(3)O_(6)(G_(2)S_(3)O_(6)),was obtained,which is composed of[S_(3)O_(6)]^(2-)and[C(NH_(2))_(3)]+groups.It exhibits excellent optical properties with a short absorption cutoff edge of 218 nm,a strong NLO response of 1.4×KH_(2)PO_(4),and more especially,a large birefringence of 0.097@546 nm.This birefringence leap makes the G_(2)S_(3)O_(6) crystal achieve a phase-matching behavior under a 532 nm laser.Thus,the synergy of[S_(3)O_(6)]^(2-)and[C(NH_(2))_(3)]~+groups results in excellent optical performances.This finding opens a new horizon for exploring novel UV NLO crystals.
基金supported by the Faculty of Medicine,Srinakharinwirot University(Research Grant 129/2560).
文摘Objective:To investigate the mechanisms by which unripe papaya extract(UCP)protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced inflammation and apoptosis.Methods:High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify the phytochemical composition of UCP.The free radical scavenging capacity of UCP was assessed against O_(2)·^(-),and H2O2.HaCaT cells were pre-treated with varying concentrations of UCP and exposed to 40 mJ/cm2 UVB radiation.Cell viability,reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,apoptotic markers,and inflammatory mediators were evaluated using standard biochemical assays and molecular techniques.Results:UCP treatment significantly improved cell viability and reduced intracellular ROS and the release of O_(2)·^(-)and H2O2.UCP also inhibited apoptosis,as evidenced by reduced cytochrome c release and suppression of Akt phosphorylation.Additionally,UCP exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating COX-2 expression,suppressing PGE2 release,and inhibiting c-Jun and NF-κB signaling pathways.Conclusions:UCP effectively protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis.These findings support its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for preventing UV-related skin damage.However,in vivo studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy.
基金supported by the Director’s Fund for the‘Climbing Plan’of the National Space Science Centre of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.E2PD10011S)the National Engineering Research Centre for Mobile Private Networks Project(No.BJTU20221102).
文摘This study begins with the fabrication and simulation of high-performance back-illuminated AlGaN-based solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)photodetectors.Based on the photodetectors,a low-noise,high-gain UV detection system circuit is designed and fabricated,enabling the detection,acquisition,and calibration of weak solar-blind UV signals.Experimental results demonstrate that under zero bias conditions,with a UV light power density of 3.45μW/cm^(2) at 260 nm,the sample achieves a peak responsivity(R)of 0.085 A·W^(−1),an external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 40.7%,and a detectivity(D^(*))of 7.46×10^(12) cm·Hz^(1/2)·W^(−1).The system exhibits a bandpass characteristic within the 240–280 nm wavelength range,coupled with a high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of 39.74 dB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375215,22335007,22361132544)Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(XDB0880000)+4 种基金CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team(JCTD-2021-18)the West Light Foundation of CAS(2021-XBQNXZ-O04)Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang(2022D01E90)Xinjiang Tianshan Talent Program(2023TSYCJU0003)Xinjiang Tian chi Talent Program,and Key Training Object of Talent Project of Urumqi.
文摘Birefringent crystals exhibit significant advantages in the field of polarization state modulation due to their unique optical anisotropy properties. The property optimization between bandgap and birefringence depends on the crystal structure, which is always a key scientific problem in the field of functional crystal materials design. In this work, the fluorination-oriented strategy was applied to the design of crystals with large birefringence and deep ultraviolet (DUV) cutoff edges. By introducing the fluorinated [SiF_(6)] octahedron, the arrangement orientation of the π-conjugated [C(NH_(2))_(3)] groups was accurately regulated, thereby achieving the design and preparation of a new crystal [C(NH_(2))_(3)]_(2)SiF_(6) with a large bandgap (6.34 eV) and large birefringence (0.16 @546 nm). In addition, [C(NH_(2))_(3)]_(2)SiF_(6) (GSF) can obtain large-sized crystals through a simple water solution evaporation method, and it has unique advantages such as low cost and easy growth. The synergistic mechanism between the core factors of significant birefringence and wide bandgap in [C(NH2)3]2SiF6 was revealed through experimental characterization and theoretical calculation. This work provides promising candidates with exceptional properties for DUV applications.
文摘Mitochondria are not only the main source of cellular energy but also participate in regulating key physiological processes such as intracellular oxidative stress,signal transduction,and apoptosis,which are crucial for maintaining the structure and function of the skin.Increasing evidence suggests that abnormalities in mitochondrial structure,function,and regulation are closely related to the occurrence and development of skin photoaging.However,the critical role of mitochondria in skin photoaging has yet to be thoroughly explored and studied.In this review,we summarize the roles of mitochondria in the occurrence and development of skin photoaging,aiming to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging.
基金supported by the Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A2071).
文摘Amorphous InGaZnO(IGZO)is a potential candidate for integrated circuits based on thin-film transistors(TFTs)owing to its low-temperature processability and high mobility.Amorphous InGaMgO/InGaZnO(IGMO/IGZO)heterojunction was deposited and TFTs based on IGMO/IGZO heterojunction were fabricated in this report.The energy band at the IGMO/IGZO heterojunction was characterized,and the potential well at the interface of IGZO is critical to the enhanced ultraviolet detection of the IGMO/IGZO heterojunction.Furthermore,the TFTs based on IGMO/IGZO heterojunction exhibited a high responsivity of 3.8×10^(3) A/W and a large detectivity of 5.2×10^(14) Jones under 350-nm ultraviolet illumination,which will also benefit for fabrication of monolithic ultraviolet sensing chip.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61971345)the Shaanxi Province Key R&D Program General Project (No.2021GY044)the Open Fund for Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (No.2022RYY01)。
文摘Wireless ultraviolet (UV) has strong scattering characteristics and can communicate through non-direct vision.When UV signals are transmitted in the atmosphere,they are affected by the absorption and scattering effects of atmospheric particles and atmospheric turbulence,resulting in attenuation of UV signal energy and reduced reliability of the communication system.This paper focuses on the channel model of UV non-direct-view single scattering communication,and simulates and analyzes the communication characteristics of UV light in atmospheric turbulence and mixed aerosol environment under horizontal,vertical and oblique range communication scenarios.The results show that at equal relative humidity,the wireless UV non-directive scattering communication performance for vertical communication scenarios is more affected by the mixed aerosol environment and the communication performance is worse.
基金support from the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.YQ2020E003).
文摘Self-powered photoelectrochemical-type(PEC)ultraviolet photodetectors(UV PDs)have been rapidly developed owing to their low-cost fabrication and good photodetection.However,achieving high-performance and selfpowered PEC UV PDs based on an individual material is still challenging.Therefore,developing more wide bandgap semiconductors for high-performance PEC UV PDs is attractive.Here,we demonstrate that ZnAl-LDH is suitable for self-powered PEC UV PDs with high responsivity and excellent wavelength selectivity for the first time.The responsivity is 29.25 mA/W(254 nm irradiation)and the UV/visible rejection ratio is 1037,surpassing most PEC UV PDs.Furthermore,the PEC UV PDs have fast response,good stability,and underwater optical communication capability.This work offers more chances for the development of high-performance PEC UV PDs and demonstrates the potential application of ZnAl-LDH in underwater optoelectronic devices.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22201046,22371054)Local Innovation Research Team Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talent Plan(No.2017BT01Z032)。
文摘Zirconium-based metal-organic cages(Zr-MOCs)typically exhibit high stability,but their structural and application reports are scarce due to stringent crystallization conditions.We have successfully fluorinated the classical Zr-MOCs(ZrT-3)for the first time,obtaining the fluorinated MOCs(ZrT-3-F).Notably,ZrT-3-F not only inherits the high stability of its parent structure,but also acts as a catalyst for the effective oxidation of benzyl thioether for the first time.The reaction can reach a conversion rate of 99%in 6 h,and the selectivity reaches 95%,which far exceeds the non-fluorinated ZrT-3.This work proves that the specific functionalization of the classical Zr-MOCs can further expand their application potential,such as catalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62027818,61874034,11974320)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3202500)+1 种基金the Key R&D Program of Shanxi Province(No.202102030201008)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(No.21520713300).
文摘Doped gallium oxide-based thin films are a class of wide-band semiconductor materials with the ad-vantages of chemically stable,tunable bandgap,and offer the benefit of ultraviolet response.In order to obtain photodetectors(PDs)with superior response,higher demands are placed on the quality of growth and processing of doped films.In this work,Zn-doped ternary metal oxide ZnGaO(ZGO)thin films were grown using the atomic layer deposition technique and annealed at different temperatures under an oxy-gen atmosphere.The results showed that the high-quality ZGO films with good uniformity,high visible light transmittance,low roughness,and significant reduction of oxygen vacancies were obtained after an-nealing.Subsequently,metal-semiconductor-metal PDs were prepared based on the studied ZGO films.The responsivity(R),detectivity(D^(∗)),and external quantum efficiency(EQE)of the optimized device are 61.8 A W^(-1),1.2×10^(12) Jones,and 255.9%,respectively.Compared to the unannealed device,the an-nealed ZGO PD achieves a maximum 309-fold increase in responsivity.This thermal engineering work may provide a strong reference for the development of low-cost,large-area,high-performance ultraviolet detection.And it also broadens the application of ternary metal oxides in optoelectronics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12335011,52072140,12075045,and 51872113)financial support from Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China(Nos.20230101119JC and SKL202302008)the Key R&D Project of Scientific Development Department of Jilin Province of China(20240302099GX).
文摘Large-scale hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)single crystals are highly desirable not only as the substrate or dielectric for van der Waals heterostructures,but also the promising candidates in optoelectronics,electronics,detectors,as well as recently boomed room-temperature single-photon sources.Here,we report the synthesis of centimeter-scale single-crystal h-BN films with hundreds of micrometer thickness via the metal flux method.The growth control along the out-of-plane and in-plane directions of h-BN crystals is realized by the adjustment of NiCr alloy composition,from which the limited solubility of N atoms can be promoted by high diffusion in molten reactants.This also benefits to forming a distinct interface between the synthesized h-BN crystals and the metal ingot,giving rise to an easy exfoliation of the large area high-quality thick films.Such h-BN crystals have been demonstrated as both self-powered flexible and rigid vacuum-ultraviolet photodetectors,allowing for efficient photodetection in terms of high responsivity,rapid response speed,and high operational temperature.A maximum photoresponsivity of 3.35 mA/W is achieved at a wavelength of 185 nm with an operational temperature spanning to 500℃(and possibly beyond).The large-area freestanding h-BN single crystal described herein reveals great potential as a high-performance photodetector,and versatile platform for other superb electronic and optoelectronic devices.
