There are many traditional villages with well-preserved architectural types and images in the Jingmai Mountain,Yunnan Province.Through field investigations in traditional villages in the research area,this study appli...There are many traditional villages with well-preserved architectural types and images in the Jingmai Mountain,Yunnan Province.Through field investigations in traditional villages in the research area,this study applied the architectural typology,analyzed Nuogang Village of the Dai Nationality and Wengji Village of the Bulang Nationality from 3 perspectives of“point,line and surface”,explored the characteristics of village,architecture and landscape,and extracted the“prototypes”,tried to figure out the problems of the villages and then propose corresponding protection strategies,so as to support the preservation,renovation,improvement and utilization of traditional villages.展开更多
Urban memory is the soul and vitality of the city, which is created and maintained by people’s memory of the living environment. However, urban planning and architecture increasingly lose attention to urban memory, r...Urban memory is the soul and vitality of the city, which is created and maintained by people’s memory of the living environment. However, urban planning and architecture increasingly lose attention to urban memory, resulting in the loss of uniqueness of urban appearance, and then affect people’s sense of identity of the city. Therefore, using the theory of typology for reference, a new design tool - urban memory typology is proposed, which focuses on and introduces historical elements into urban design, and maintains urban memory through the protection of cultural heritage. This method involves clarifying the intrinsic relationship between existing buildings and urban space through typology theory, identifying carriers of urban memory, and, on this basis, proposing strategies and technologies for urban renewal. This study verifies the validity of urban memory typology through case analysis, such as the conservation planning of Qingdao Old city. The results show that using the typology theory can protect the city memory, maintain the stability of the city form, and enhance the local identity of the residents, which is a new method of urban planning and design in line with the concept of humanistic care and sustainable development. This research work provides new theoretical guidance and practical strategies for the protection of urban memory and urban planning and design.展开更多
Based on Katharina Reiss’s text typology theory from the German Functionalist School,this paper systematically explores the strategic differences and practical methods in the mutual translation between Chinese and Ja...Based on Katharina Reiss’s text typology theory from the German Functionalist School,this paper systematically explores the strategic differences and practical methods in the mutual translation between Chinese and Japanese for operative,informative,expressive,and informative+expressive text types.By comparatively analyzing the linguistic functions,communicative features,and cultural cognitive differences of these four text types,the study proposes targeted translation strategies:Operative texts require tone adjustment,localized adaptation,and pragmatic compensation to maximize appeal;informative texts emphasize sentence structure restructuring and terminology standardization to ensure information transfer efficiency;expressive texts focus on formal imitation and rhetorical reproduction to preserve the original aesthetic value;for informative+expressive texts,flexible handling of idioms,proverbs,and stylistic forms is necessary to achieve an optimal balance between informational accuracy and aesthetic form.The study validates the applicability of functionalist theory in Chinese-Japanese translation through empirical case studies,while also revealing the prevalence of mixed text functions and the consequent demand for translator strategic flexibility.These findings not only expand the explanatory dimension of Reiss’s theory,but also provide an operational methodological framework for cross-cultural translation practice,holding practical significance for promoting in-depth communication between China and Japan.展开更多
In different languages and cultures, color terms usually indicate their specific cultural concepts and metaphorical implicature. This paper makes a typological study on the universality and relativity of the Conceptua...In different languages and cultures, color terms usually indicate their specific cultural concepts and metaphorical implicature. This paper makes a typological study on the universality and relativity of the Conceptual Metaphors （CM） of color terms in different languages. It attempts to explore the cognitive differences and similarities in the process of categorization and metaphorization of color terms of oriental and western peoples. It proposes that the CM system of color terms is determined by the interactivity of three factors as neurophysiologic mechanisms, general cognitive psychological mechanisms and socio-cultural selective mechanisms. The CM of color terms in different languages carry their specific cognitive characteristics and cultural values, and reflect self-similarity of the language and culture.展开更多
Morphological and chemical studies on zircon grains from gabbro and granite of the Pingtan magmatic complex, Fujian Province, eastern China, show that there are three stages of zircon growth. The early stage of zircon...Morphological and chemical studies on zircon grains from gabbro and granite of the Pingtan magmatic complex, Fujian Province, eastern China, show that there are three stages of zircon growth. The early stage of zircon growth is characterized by colorlessness, high transparence and birefringence, low and dispersive Ipr and Ipy, weak and homogeneous BSE brightness, lower Hf content and depletion of U, Th and Y; the middle stage is characterized by abruptly increasing lpy, progressively strong and sectoral-zoning BSE brightness, higher Hf content and enrichment of U, Th and Y with Th/U 〉 1; the late stage of growth is characterized by brownish color, poor transparence, low birefringence, highest Ipr and Ipy, middle and oscillatorily-zoning BSE brightness, highest contents of Hf, U and Y with Th/U 〈 1. The stages are considered to be formed in a deep magma chamber, ascent passage and emplacement site, respectively. Due to the more or less long residual time of the magma chamber, the difference in age between the early and late stages of zircon might be great enough to be distinguished, which can be attributed to tectonic constraint for the magnlatism.展开更多
Syenogranitic dykes in the north of Egypt's Eastern Desert are of geological and economic interest because of the presence of magmatic and supergene enrichment of radioactive mineralization. Zircon crystal morphol...Syenogranitic dykes in the north of Egypt's Eastern Desert are of geological and economic interest because of the presence of magmatic and supergene enrichment of radioactive mineralization. Zircon crystal morphology within the syenogranitic dykes allows precise definition of sub-alkaline series granites and crystallized at mean temperature of about 637 °C. The growth pattern of the zircons suggest magmatic and hydrothermal origins of radioactive mineralization. Hydrothermal processes are responsible for the formation of significant zircon overgrowth; high U-zircon margins might have occurred contemporaneously with the emplacement of syenogranitic dykes which show anomalous uranium(e U) and thorium(e Th) contents of up to 1386 and 7330 ppm, respectively.Zircon chemistry revealed a relative increase of Hf consistent with decreasing Zr content, suggesting the replacement of Zr by Hf during hydrothermal activity.Visible uranium mineralization is present and recognized by the presence of uranophane and autunite.展开更多
Revitalization of waterfront-a precious resource of city has gradually become popular worldwide. Cities around the Three Gorges Reservoir grow and proper for the Yangtze River,thus waterfront in these cities has been ...Revitalization of waterfront-a precious resource of city has gradually become popular worldwide. Cities around the Three Gorges Reservoir grow and proper for the Yangtze River,thus waterfront in these cities has been long ignored or faced with "constructive destruction" with the city development. This paper divided urban waterfront public spaces around the Three Gorges into 3 kinds of spaces,namely point,line and surface,from the perspective of typology,and put forward strategies such as functional renovation,and improvement of spatial scale from the perspectives of land use and traffic,to enhance the vitality of waterfront public space.展开更多
Background:Children and adolescents can be distinguished by different typologies(clusters) of physical activity and sedentary behavior.How physical activity and sedentary behaviors change over time within different ty...Background:Children and adolescents can be distinguished by different typologies(clusters) of physical activity and sedentary behavior.How physical activity and sedentary behaviors change over time within different typologies is not known.This study examined longitudinal changes in physical activity and sedentary time among children and adolescents with different baseline typologies of activity-related behavior.Methods:In this longitudinal study(3 annual time points) of children(n=600,age=9.2±0.4 years(mean±SD),50.3% girls) and adolescents(n=1037,age=13.6±1.7 years,48.4% girls),participants were recruited in Spain in 2011-2012.Latent class analyses identified typologies based on self-reported screen,educational,social and relaxing sedentary behaviors,active travel,muscle strengthening activity,and sport at baseline.Within each typology,linear mixed growth models explored longitudinal changes in accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time,as well as time by class interactions.Results:Three typologies were identified among children( "social screenies",12.8%;"exercisers",61.5%;and "non-sporty active commuters",25.7%) and among adolescents "active screenies",43.5%;"active academics",35.0%;and "non-sporty active commuters",21.5%) at baseline.Sedentary time increased within each typology among children and adolescents,with no significant differences between typologies.No changes in physical activity were found in any typology among children.In adolescents,physical activity declined within all typologies,with "non-sporty active commuters" declining significantly more than "active screenies" over 3 years.Conclusion:These results support the need for interveation to promote physical activity and prevent increases in sedentary time during childhood and adolescence.Adolescents characterized as "non-sporty active commuters" may require specific interventions to maintain their physical activity over time.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to detect structures of verbal aggressiveness using multiple indicators of social networks analysis (out- and in-degree, pagerank, Katz, authority, incremental and proportional behavior). ...The purpose of this study is to detect structures of verbal aggressiveness using multiple indicators of social networks analysis (out- and in-degree, pagerank, Katz, authority, incremental and proportional behavior). Standardized questionnaires have been distributed to 151 students and 45 teachers at primary and secondary schools. We performed complete analysis of social networks and further processing by applying principal component analysis. According to the results, a complex structure of verbal aggressiveness occurred in the classes (networks) and the structure was necessary to be explored with several network indicators (Katz, pagerank, incremental and proportional behavior etc.). Prejudices about the role of the gender in the aggressiveness (e.g. that female are more peaceful than male) are deconstructed. As for the typology of the incremental and proportional behavior two types were proposed: 1) the “personal attack” that the verbal aggressor aims the victim’s personality and 2) “social exclusion” that the strategy is to exclude the victim from the social surrounding.展开更多
Corruption is increasingly becoming a global phenomenon virtually affecting every part of the world. The effects have been very devastating particularly in the developing nations, by which to a large extent public ser...Corruption is increasingly becoming a global phenomenon virtually affecting every part of the world. The effects have been very devastating particularly in the developing nations, by which to a large extent public service functions thrive in an environment heavily characterized by corruption. This paper reviews the relevant and related literature on corruption and then proposes a classification of the type of corruption based on the review.展开更多
The present paper is the first study conducted in Romania on the inventory of wetlands of a large surface of the country. The focus of this study is the Moldavian Plateau, located in the east of Romania. It is delimit...The present paper is the first study conducted in Romania on the inventory of wetlands of a large surface of the country. The focus of this study is the Moldavian Plateau, located in the east of Romania. It is delimitated by the Eastern Carpathians on the west, the Romanian Plain on the south, the Ukrainian border on the north and the Prut Valley （border with the Republic of Moldavia） on the east. Although the Moldavian Plateau is situated in the driest region of Romania, the majority of the wetlands and of the low discharge rivers is found in this region. The existence of numerous wetlands, respectively small ponds, is influenced by the human activities and the scarcity of water resources. The impermeable clayey substratum favored the occurrence and survival of a large number of wetlands. Most of them are found in the northern Moldavian Plain, and the fewest to the south, in the Covurlui Plateau. The most important wetlands are those developed along the two main rivers draining this territory： Prut and Siret. Unfortunately, Siret River floodplain has been in most of its part protected by means of flood prevention dikes. Consequently, many of the wetlands entered agricultural use.展开更多
Numeral systems in natural languages show astonishing variety,though with very strong unifying tendencies that are increasing as many indigenous numeral systems disappear through language contact and globalization.Mos...Numeral systems in natural languages show astonishing variety,though with very strong unifying tendencies that are increasing as many indigenous numeral systems disappear through language contact and globalization.Most numeral systems make use of a base,typically 10,less commonly 20,followed by a wide range of other possibilities.Higher numerals are formed from primitive lower numerals by applying the processes of addition and multiplication,in many languages also exponentiation;sometimes,however,numerals are formed from a higher numeral,using subtraction or division.Numerous complexities and idiosyncrasies are discussed,as are numeral systems that fall outside this general characterization,such as restricted numeral systems with no internal arithmetic structure,and some New Guinea extended body-part counting systems.展开更多
Skin color is considered an important beauty standard for women in China.The typical tool for skin color measurement,individual typology angle(ITA),was developed based on Caucasian skin features.The ITA effectively me...Skin color is considered an important beauty standard for women in China.The typical tool for skin color measurement,individual typology angle(ITA),was developed based on Caucasian skin features.The ITA effectively measures the brightness of facial skin,which is traditionally associated with beauty in Caucasian women.However,in Chinese women,whiteness is not the only determinant of skin esthetics,and other elements such as“yellowness”and“redness”are also important considerations.Thus,the hue angle system was developed based on the skin features of Chinese women,whose skin is typically on the“yellow-red”spectrum.Studies examining the skin color of Chinese women based on both the ITA and hue angle should be carried out.The skin colors of 4500 women aged 18–45 years across five different regions of China were measured using both the ITA and hue angle systems.The relationship of the“red pigment and melanin content”with the“brightness and redness of skin color”was also examined.Further,the different skin types of women across different regions were identified.Measurements based on the ITA system reveal a saddle-shaped distribution of skin brightness among Chinese women across five different regions,with skin brightness being high in the eastwest regions and low in the north-south regions.The ITA and hab values are not consistent in individual women,and thus,both need to be considered when evaluating skin color.Additionally,no correlation between the skin’s red pigment and melanin content and the skin’s ITA and hab values is identified.This study provides skin color data based on both the ITA and hue angle systems.The findings show that skin ITA/hab values cannot simply be explained by the red pigment/melanin content of the skin.Given the distribution of skin types across different regions of China,whitening ingredients causing little to no irritation should be used to formulate whitening cosmetics.展开更多
Language transfer is one of the areas that have received special attention in the research of third language(L3).This paper focus es on the transfer of syntax from first language(L1) and second language(L2) in the ear...Language transfer is one of the areas that have received special attention in the research of third language(L3).This paper focus es on the transfer of syntax from first language(L1) and second language(L2) in the early stage of third language acquisition(TLA).It aims at finding out whether L1 or L2 is the main source of transfer and trying to account for this phenomenon in light of typology and psy chotypology theories.A story telling task is used among 8 university students who have Chinese,English and French as L1,L2 and L3.The findings indicate that although both L1 Chinese and L2 English exert influence on L3 French production in the form of transfer,more L2 transfer occurs due to the typological and psychotypological similarity between L2 English and L3 French.The results confirm previous studies on the important roles of typological and psychotypological similarity in determining the source of transfer in a multilin gual's language production.Some pedagogical implications of the findings are also discussed.展开更多
本文探讨了已往学者试图解释重动句的形成,分类及其句法语义特征等所存在的种种问题,然后根据动词所表现的事件类型(typology of events)尝试从语义上对重动句进行分类。并通过语言事实论证"宝玉骑马骑累了"这类重动句的动词...本文探讨了已往学者试图解释重动句的形成,分类及其句法语义特征等所存在的种种问题,然后根据动词所表现的事件类型(typology of events)尝试从语义上对重动句进行分类。并通过语言事实论证"宝玉骑马骑累了"这类重动句的动词复制(verb copying)不是因为移位(moving)或为了满足汉语句法中的"短语结构条件"(Phrase structure constraint),而是要让表完成体态的"得""到""了""过"等在句中能够得以实现。展开更多
Typology of both ecological （thermo-, hygro-, phytobiotic, biomorphological, etc.） and chorological （zonal, sectoral, regional, etc.） categories as applied to specific Cicadina faunas of Palaearctic is reviewed.
Municipal institutions operate in all sectors of the urban economy, creating jobs, providing services, and creating income for their own development and the municipal budget. Market environment and innovative vector o...Municipal institutions operate in all sectors of the urban economy, creating jobs, providing services, and creating income for their own development and the municipal budget. Market environment and innovative vector of megapolis development include the establishment municipal institutions and improve the forms of their activities. One of the strategic objectives for the government is to increase the effectiveness of municipal institutions. Problems integrated estimation of these institutions are under intense scrutiny of statistical science in management decisions. This paper discussed the problems of effectiveness estimation of municipal institutions and proposed a new approach to solving this task.展开更多
On the basis of architecture typology theory, this paper explored the waterfront building layout and space in "Prototype", conducted a fi eld trip research on Ancient Fengjing Town, with empirical analysis o...On the basis of architecture typology theory, this paper explored the waterfront building layout and space in "Prototype", conducted a fi eld trip research on Ancient Fengjing Town, with empirical analysis on the impact of "Prototype" due to natural conditions in South of Yangtze River. This study also analyzed and verified the continuous space section presented as the main features of waterfront space by using visualized approaches.展开更多
文摘There are many traditional villages with well-preserved architectural types and images in the Jingmai Mountain,Yunnan Province.Through field investigations in traditional villages in the research area,this study applied the architectural typology,analyzed Nuogang Village of the Dai Nationality and Wengji Village of the Bulang Nationality from 3 perspectives of“point,line and surface”,explored the characteristics of village,architecture and landscape,and extracted the“prototypes”,tried to figure out the problems of the villages and then propose corresponding protection strategies,so as to support the preservation,renovation,improvement and utilization of traditional villages.
文摘Urban memory is the soul and vitality of the city, which is created and maintained by people’s memory of the living environment. However, urban planning and architecture increasingly lose attention to urban memory, resulting in the loss of uniqueness of urban appearance, and then affect people’s sense of identity of the city. Therefore, using the theory of typology for reference, a new design tool - urban memory typology is proposed, which focuses on and introduces historical elements into urban design, and maintains urban memory through the protection of cultural heritage. This method involves clarifying the intrinsic relationship between existing buildings and urban space through typology theory, identifying carriers of urban memory, and, on this basis, proposing strategies and technologies for urban renewal. This study verifies the validity of urban memory typology through case analysis, such as the conservation planning of Qingdao Old city. The results show that using the typology theory can protect the city memory, maintain the stability of the city form, and enhance the local identity of the residents, which is a new method of urban planning and design in line with the concept of humanistic care and sustainable development. This research work provides new theoretical guidance and practical strategies for the protection of urban memory and urban planning and design.
基金supported by the Fund from the Professional Degree Graduate Practice Base Project of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology(Project No.1025115004005).
文摘Based on Katharina Reiss’s text typology theory from the German Functionalist School,this paper systematically explores the strategic differences and practical methods in the mutual translation between Chinese and Japanese for operative,informative,expressive,and informative+expressive text types.By comparatively analyzing the linguistic functions,communicative features,and cultural cognitive differences of these four text types,the study proposes targeted translation strategies:Operative texts require tone adjustment,localized adaptation,and pragmatic compensation to maximize appeal;informative texts emphasize sentence structure restructuring and terminology standardization to ensure information transfer efficiency;expressive texts focus on formal imitation and rhetorical reproduction to preserve the original aesthetic value;for informative+expressive texts,flexible handling of idioms,proverbs,and stylistic forms is necessary to achieve an optimal balance between informational accuracy and aesthetic form.The study validates the applicability of functionalist theory in Chinese-Japanese translation through empirical case studies,while also revealing the prevalence of mixed text functions and the consequent demand for translator strategic flexibility.These findings not only expand the explanatory dimension of Reiss’s theory,but also provide an operational methodological framework for cross-cultural translation practice,holding practical significance for promoting in-depth communication between China and Japan.
文摘In different languages and cultures, color terms usually indicate their specific cultural concepts and metaphorical implicature. This paper makes a typological study on the universality and relativity of the Conceptual Metaphors （CM） of color terms in different languages. It attempts to explore the cognitive differences and similarities in the process of categorization and metaphorization of color terms of oriental and western peoples. It proposes that the CM system of color terms is determined by the interactivity of three factors as neurophysiologic mechanisms, general cognitive psychological mechanisms and socio-cultural selective mechanisms. The CM of color terms in different languages carry their specific cognitive characteristics and cultural values, and reflect self-similarity of the language and culture.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 40572038）.
文摘Morphological and chemical studies on zircon grains from gabbro and granite of the Pingtan magmatic complex, Fujian Province, eastern China, show that there are three stages of zircon growth. The early stage of zircon growth is characterized by colorlessness, high transparence and birefringence, low and dispersive Ipr and Ipy, weak and homogeneous BSE brightness, lower Hf content and depletion of U, Th and Y; the middle stage is characterized by abruptly increasing lpy, progressively strong and sectoral-zoning BSE brightness, higher Hf content and enrichment of U, Th and Y with Th/U 〉 1; the late stage of growth is characterized by brownish color, poor transparence, low birefringence, highest Ipr and Ipy, middle and oscillatorily-zoning BSE brightness, highest contents of Hf, U and Y with Th/U 〈 1. The stages are considered to be formed in a deep magma chamber, ascent passage and emplacement site, respectively. Due to the more or less long residual time of the magma chamber, the difference in age between the early and late stages of zircon might be great enough to be distinguished, which can be attributed to tectonic constraint for the magnlatism.
文摘Syenogranitic dykes in the north of Egypt's Eastern Desert are of geological and economic interest because of the presence of magmatic and supergene enrichment of radioactive mineralization. Zircon crystal morphology within the syenogranitic dykes allows precise definition of sub-alkaline series granites and crystallized at mean temperature of about 637 °C. The growth pattern of the zircons suggest magmatic and hydrothermal origins of radioactive mineralization. Hydrothermal processes are responsible for the formation of significant zircon overgrowth; high U-zircon margins might have occurred contemporaneously with the emplacement of syenogranitic dykes which show anomalous uranium(e U) and thorium(e Th) contents of up to 1386 and 7330 ppm, respectively.Zircon chemistry revealed a relative increase of Hf consistent with decreasing Zr content, suggesting the replacement of Zr by Hf during hydrothermal activity.Visible uranium mineralization is present and recognized by the presence of uranophane and autunite.
文摘Revitalization of waterfront-a precious resource of city has gradually become popular worldwide. Cities around the Three Gorges Reservoir grow and proper for the Yangtze River,thus waterfront in these cities has been long ignored or faced with "constructive destruction" with the city development. This paper divided urban waterfront public spaces around the Three Gorges into 3 kinds of spaces,namely point,line and surface,from the perspective of typology,and put forward strategies such as functional renovation,and improvement of spatial scale from the perspectives of land use and traffic,to enhance the vitality of waterfront public space.
基金supported by the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (RDi) Ministry of Science and Innovation (DEP 2010-21662-C04-00)awarded a "Juan de la Cierva" postdoctoral fellowship (FJCI-2015-25867) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy,Industry,and Competitiveness+1 种基金supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RTI2018-095284-J-100)the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2019-027287-I)
文摘Background:Children and adolescents can be distinguished by different typologies(clusters) of physical activity and sedentary behavior.How physical activity and sedentary behaviors change over time within different typologies is not known.This study examined longitudinal changes in physical activity and sedentary time among children and adolescents with different baseline typologies of activity-related behavior.Methods:In this longitudinal study(3 annual time points) of children(n=600,age=9.2±0.4 years(mean±SD),50.3% girls) and adolescents(n=1037,age=13.6±1.7 years,48.4% girls),participants were recruited in Spain in 2011-2012.Latent class analyses identified typologies based on self-reported screen,educational,social and relaxing sedentary behaviors,active travel,muscle strengthening activity,and sport at baseline.Within each typology,linear mixed growth models explored longitudinal changes in accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time,as well as time by class interactions.Results:Three typologies were identified among children( "social screenies",12.8%;"exercisers",61.5%;and "non-sporty active commuters",25.7%) and among adolescents "active screenies",43.5%;"active academics",35.0%;and "non-sporty active commuters",21.5%) at baseline.Sedentary time increased within each typology among children and adolescents,with no significant differences between typologies.No changes in physical activity were found in any typology among children.In adolescents,physical activity declined within all typologies,with "non-sporty active commuters" declining significantly more than "active screenies" over 3 years.Conclusion:These results support the need for interveation to promote physical activity and prevent increases in sedentary time during childhood and adolescence.Adolescents characterized as "non-sporty active commuters" may require specific interventions to maintain their physical activity over time.
文摘The purpose of this study is to detect structures of verbal aggressiveness using multiple indicators of social networks analysis (out- and in-degree, pagerank, Katz, authority, incremental and proportional behavior). Standardized questionnaires have been distributed to 151 students and 45 teachers at primary and secondary schools. We performed complete analysis of social networks and further processing by applying principal component analysis. According to the results, a complex structure of verbal aggressiveness occurred in the classes (networks) and the structure was necessary to be explored with several network indicators (Katz, pagerank, incremental and proportional behavior etc.). Prejudices about the role of the gender in the aggressiveness (e.g. that female are more peaceful than male) are deconstructed. As for the typology of the incremental and proportional behavior two types were proposed: 1) the “personal attack” that the verbal aggressor aims the victim’s personality and 2) “social exclusion” that the strategy is to exclude the victim from the social surrounding.
文摘Corruption is increasingly becoming a global phenomenon virtually affecting every part of the world. The effects have been very devastating particularly in the developing nations, by which to a large extent public service functions thrive in an environment heavily characterized by corruption. This paper reviews the relevant and related literature on corruption and then proposes a classification of the type of corruption based on the review.
文摘The present paper is the first study conducted in Romania on the inventory of wetlands of a large surface of the country. The focus of this study is the Moldavian Plateau, located in the east of Romania. It is delimitated by the Eastern Carpathians on the west, the Romanian Plain on the south, the Ukrainian border on the north and the Prut Valley （border with the Republic of Moldavia） on the east. Although the Moldavian Plateau is situated in the driest region of Romania, the majority of the wetlands and of the low discharge rivers is found in this region. The existence of numerous wetlands, respectively small ponds, is influenced by the human activities and the scarcity of water resources. The impermeable clayey substratum favored the occurrence and survival of a large number of wetlands. Most of them are found in the northern Moldavian Plain, and the fewest to the south, in the Covurlui Plateau. The most important wetlands are those developed along the two main rivers draining this territory： Prut and Siret. Unfortunately, Siret River floodplain has been in most of its part protected by means of flood prevention dikes. Consequently, many of the wetlands entered agricultural use.
文摘Numeral systems in natural languages show astonishing variety,though with very strong unifying tendencies that are increasing as many indigenous numeral systems disappear through language contact and globalization.Most numeral systems make use of a base,typically 10,less commonly 20,followed by a wide range of other possibilities.Higher numerals are formed from primitive lower numerals by applying the processes of addition and multiplication,in many languages also exponentiation;sometimes,however,numerals are formed from a higher numeral,using subtraction or division.Numerous complexities and idiosyncrasies are discussed,as are numeral systems that fall outside this general characterization,such as restricted numeral systems with no internal arithmetic structure,and some New Guinea extended body-part counting systems.
基金the financial support provided by a scientific grant(No.TC-2023-003)from Guyu Qingnang Biotechnology Institute,Guangzhou Qingnang Biotechnology Co.Ltd.,Guangzhou Fanzhirong Cosmetics Co.Ltd.
文摘Skin color is considered an important beauty standard for women in China.The typical tool for skin color measurement,individual typology angle(ITA),was developed based on Caucasian skin features.The ITA effectively measures the brightness of facial skin,which is traditionally associated with beauty in Caucasian women.However,in Chinese women,whiteness is not the only determinant of skin esthetics,and other elements such as“yellowness”and“redness”are also important considerations.Thus,the hue angle system was developed based on the skin features of Chinese women,whose skin is typically on the“yellow-red”spectrum.Studies examining the skin color of Chinese women based on both the ITA and hue angle should be carried out.The skin colors of 4500 women aged 18–45 years across five different regions of China were measured using both the ITA and hue angle systems.The relationship of the“red pigment and melanin content”with the“brightness and redness of skin color”was also examined.Further,the different skin types of women across different regions were identified.Measurements based on the ITA system reveal a saddle-shaped distribution of skin brightness among Chinese women across five different regions,with skin brightness being high in the eastwest regions and low in the north-south regions.The ITA and hab values are not consistent in individual women,and thus,both need to be considered when evaluating skin color.Additionally,no correlation between the skin’s red pigment and melanin content and the skin’s ITA and hab values is identified.This study provides skin color data based on both the ITA and hue angle systems.The findings show that skin ITA/hab values cannot simply be explained by the red pigment/melanin content of the skin.Given the distribution of skin types across different regions of China,whitening ingredients causing little to no irritation should be used to formulate whitening cosmetics.
文摘Language transfer is one of the areas that have received special attention in the research of third language(L3).This paper focus es on the transfer of syntax from first language(L1) and second language(L2) in the early stage of third language acquisition(TLA).It aims at finding out whether L1 or L2 is the main source of transfer and trying to account for this phenomenon in light of typology and psy chotypology theories.A story telling task is used among 8 university students who have Chinese,English and French as L1,L2 and L3.The findings indicate that although both L1 Chinese and L2 English exert influence on L3 French production in the form of transfer,more L2 transfer occurs due to the typological and psychotypological similarity between L2 English and L3 French.The results confirm previous studies on the important roles of typological and psychotypological similarity in determining the source of transfer in a multilin gual's language production.Some pedagogical implications of the findings are also discussed.
文摘Typology of both ecological （thermo-, hygro-, phytobiotic, biomorphological, etc.） and chorological （zonal, sectoral, regional, etc.） categories as applied to specific Cicadina faunas of Palaearctic is reviewed.
文摘Municipal institutions operate in all sectors of the urban economy, creating jobs, providing services, and creating income for their own development and the municipal budget. Market environment and innovative vector of megapolis development include the establishment municipal institutions and improve the forms of their activities. One of the strategic objectives for the government is to increase the effectiveness of municipal institutions. Problems integrated estimation of these institutions are under intense scrutiny of statistical science in management decisions. This paper discussed the problems of effectiveness estimation of municipal institutions and proposed a new approach to solving this task.
基金Sponsored by National Social Science Fund Project for Youth(13CJY046)
文摘On the basis of architecture typology theory, this paper explored the waterfront building layout and space in "Prototype", conducted a fi eld trip research on Ancient Fengjing Town, with empirical analysis on the impact of "Prototype" due to natural conditions in South of Yangtze River. This study also analyzed and verified the continuous space section presented as the main features of waterfront space by using visualized approaches.
