Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest (mountain dark brown forest soil), dark coni...Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest (mountain dark brown forest soil), dark coniferous forest (mountain brown coniferous forest soil) and erman's birch forest (mountain soddy forest soil) in Changbai Mountain in September 2001. The soil water content was adjusted to five different levels (9%, 21%, 30%, and 43%) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35°C for 24 h. The results indicated that in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35°C. Soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21% to 37%, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. The result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. There were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. The soil respiration rate was highest in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest, middle in erman's birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. The optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35°C and 37% in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest, 25°C and 21% in dark coniferous forest, and 35°C and 37% in erman's birch forest. Because the forests of broad-leaved/Korean pine, dark coniferous and erman's birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4–5°C variation in different forest types during the same period. Thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil. Key words Soil temperature - Soil water content - Soil respiration - The typical forest ecosystem in Changbai Mountain CLC number S7118.51 Document code A Foundation item: This study was supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30271068), the grant of the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZ-CX-SW-01-01B-12) and the grant from Advanced Programs of Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences.Biography: WANG Miao (1964-), male, associate professor in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Song Funan展开更多
Mountain area accounts for a high proportion of the land area in China,and it is the focal area to solve the contradiction of imbalanced regional development,as well as an important source of ecosystem services.Theref...Mountain area accounts for a high proportion of the land area in China,and it is the focal area to solve the contradiction of imbalanced regional development,as well as an important source of ecosystem services.Therefore,this area has been facing long-term pressure and challenges in economic development and ecological protection.In this paper,we selected a rocky desertification mountain area,an active mountain area of new tectonic movement and a typical northern earth-rock mountain area,as Qian-Gui karst Mountain area,Hengduan Mountain area and Taihang Mountain area,as examples to represent three main types of mountain areas.Three representative types of ecosystem services,including NPP(Net Primary Productivity)as a support service,water conservation as a regulation service,and agricultural produce as a supply service,were incorporated into this study.Linear regression,correlation analysis and other methods were then used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of the trade-offs and synergies in each of the three kinds of mountain areas during 1990-2015 in China.The analysis yielded three main conclusions for the three mountainous areas.(1)The agricultural produce supply service decreased relatively,while the support and regulation services of NPP and hydrological regulation increased significantly.(2)There was a synergistic relationship between NPP and the hydrological regulation services in the three mountainous areas.The synergistic relation in Qian-Gui karst Mountain area became enhanced,while those in Hengduan and Taihang Mountain areas became weakened,and the former was weakened to a greater extent.There was a trade-off between NPP,the hydrological regulation service and the agricultural produce supply service among the three mountainous areas.In particular,the trade-off between NPP and the agricultural produce supply service in Qian-Gui karst Mountain area became weaker,while those in Hengduan and Taihang Mountain areas were enhanced,and the latter was enhanced to a greater degree.(3)Significant spatial differentiation was evident in the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services among the three mountain areas.展开更多
The anomalous movements of glaciers cause disasters,such as debrisflows and landslides.It is very important to assess the glacier movements and their future trends.Glacier velocity refers to movement process.The curre...The anomalous movements of glaciers cause disasters,such as debrisflows and landslides.It is very important to assess the glacier movements and their future trends.Glacier velocity refers to movement process.The current research aims to analyse past and current spatiotemporal changes in glacier velocity.No study has used neural network model to conduct a spatiotemporal prediction for glacier velocity.Therefore,this paper selected typical mountain glaciers G2 and G5 along the Sichuan-Xizang Railway as research objects and constructed the Convolutional Gate Recurrent Unit(ConvGRU)spatiotemporal prediction model based on 1988–2018 Landsat data to predict velocities in 2019–2028,and analysed the future trends of G2 and G5.The evaluation indexes met the model requirements to a large extent,quantitatively showing that the model has high accuracy and can successfully capture thefluctuation changes in time series data of glacier velocity.The mean deviations of G2 and G5 were 0.09 and-0.47 m/yr,respectively,reflecting the high reliability of the model applied to extraction of glacier velocity.The velocities of G2 and G5 showed a slow downtrend withfluctuations;that is,they will not cause damage to the construction and operation of the Sichuan-Xizang Railway in the short term.展开更多
基金This study was supported by grant from the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China (No. 30271068) the grant of the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZ
文摘Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest (mountain dark brown forest soil), dark coniferous forest (mountain brown coniferous forest soil) and erman's birch forest (mountain soddy forest soil) in Changbai Mountain in September 2001. The soil water content was adjusted to five different levels (9%, 21%, 30%, and 43%) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35°C for 24 h. The results indicated that in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35°C. Soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21% to 37%, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. The result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. There were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. The soil respiration rate was highest in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest, middle in erman's birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. The optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35°C and 37% in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest, 25°C and 21% in dark coniferous forest, and 35°C and 37% in erman's birch forest. Because the forests of broad-leaved/Korean pine, dark coniferous and erman's birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4–5°C variation in different forest types during the same period. Thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil. Key words Soil temperature - Soil water content - Soil respiration - The typical forest ecosystem in Changbai Mountain CLC number S7118.51 Document code A Foundation item: This study was supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30271068), the grant of the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZ-CX-SW-01-01B-12) and the grant from Advanced Programs of Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences.Biography: WANG Miao (1964-), male, associate professor in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Song Funan
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771115)National Key Basic Research and Development Program(2015CB452706)Guizhou Science and Technology Fund(Guizhou Technology Cooperation Basis 20181116)。
文摘Mountain area accounts for a high proportion of the land area in China,and it is the focal area to solve the contradiction of imbalanced regional development,as well as an important source of ecosystem services.Therefore,this area has been facing long-term pressure and challenges in economic development and ecological protection.In this paper,we selected a rocky desertification mountain area,an active mountain area of new tectonic movement and a typical northern earth-rock mountain area,as Qian-Gui karst Mountain area,Hengduan Mountain area and Taihang Mountain area,as examples to represent three main types of mountain areas.Three representative types of ecosystem services,including NPP(Net Primary Productivity)as a support service,water conservation as a regulation service,and agricultural produce as a supply service,were incorporated into this study.Linear regression,correlation analysis and other methods were then used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of the trade-offs and synergies in each of the three kinds of mountain areas during 1990-2015 in China.The analysis yielded three main conclusions for the three mountainous areas.(1)The agricultural produce supply service decreased relatively,while the support and regulation services of NPP and hydrological regulation increased significantly.(2)There was a synergistic relationship between NPP and the hydrological regulation services in the three mountainous areas.The synergistic relation in Qian-Gui karst Mountain area became enhanced,while those in Hengduan and Taihang Mountain areas became weakened,and the former was weakened to a greater extent.There was a trade-off between NPP,the hydrological regulation service and the agricultural produce supply service among the three mountainous areas.In particular,the trade-off between NPP and the agricultural produce supply service in Qian-Gui karst Mountain area became weaker,while those in Hengduan and Taihang Mountain areas were enhanced,and the latter was enhanced to a greater degree.(3)Significant spatial differentiation was evident in the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services among the three mountain areas.
基金supported by the National Scientific Foundation of China[grant number 42161063]Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province[grant number 121YRWEK001]+4 种基金Science and Technology Plan of Gansu Province[grant number 20JR2RA002]Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province[grant number 20JR10RA249]Youth Science and Technology Foundation of Gansu Province[grant number 20JR10RA272]Lanzhou Jiaotong University-Tianjin University Innovation Project Fund Project[grant number 2020055]Jiayuguan City 2021 Science and Technology Plan Projects[grant number 21-35].
文摘The anomalous movements of glaciers cause disasters,such as debrisflows and landslides.It is very important to assess the glacier movements and their future trends.Glacier velocity refers to movement process.The current research aims to analyse past and current spatiotemporal changes in glacier velocity.No study has used neural network model to conduct a spatiotemporal prediction for glacier velocity.Therefore,this paper selected typical mountain glaciers G2 and G5 along the Sichuan-Xizang Railway as research objects and constructed the Convolutional Gate Recurrent Unit(ConvGRU)spatiotemporal prediction model based on 1988–2018 Landsat data to predict velocities in 2019–2028,and analysed the future trends of G2 and G5.The evaluation indexes met the model requirements to a large extent,quantitatively showing that the model has high accuracy and can successfully capture thefluctuation changes in time series data of glacier velocity.The mean deviations of G2 and G5 were 0.09 and-0.47 m/yr,respectively,reflecting the high reliability of the model applied to extraction of glacier velocity.The velocities of G2 and G5 showed a slow downtrend withfluctuations;that is,they will not cause damage to the construction and operation of the Sichuan-Xizang Railway in the short term.
