Beach erosion has occurred globally in recent decades due to frequent and severe storms.Dongsha beach,located in Zhujiajian Island,Zhejiang Province,China,is a typical embayed sandy beach.This study focused on the mor...Beach erosion has occurred globally in recent decades due to frequent and severe storms.Dongsha beach,located in Zhujiajian Island,Zhejiang Province,China,is a typical embayed sandy beach.This study focused on the morphodynamic response of Dongsha beach to typhoon events,based on beach topographies and surficial sediment characteristics acquired before and after four typhoon events with varying intensities.The four typhoons had different effects on the topography and sediment characteristics of Dongsha beach.Typhoons Ampil and Danas caused the largest(-51.72 m3/m)and the smallest erosion(-8.01 m3/m),respectively.Remarkable alongshore patterns of beach profile volumetric changes were found after the four typhoon events,with more erosion in the southern and central parts of the beach and few changes in the northern part.Grain size coarsening and poor sorting were the main sediment patterns on the beach influenced by different typhoons.Typhoons that occurred in the same year after another typhoon enhanced the effect of the previous typhoon on sediment coarsening and sorting variability,but this cumulative effect was not found between typhoons that occurred during different years.A comparison of the collected data revealed that the topographic state of the beach before the typhoon,typhoon characteristics,and tidal conditions were possible reasons for the difference in the responses of Dongsha beach to typhoon events.More severe beach erosion was caused by typhoons with higher intensity levels and longer durations,and high tide levels during typhoons can determine the upper limit of the beach profile erosion site.Taken together,these results can be used to improve beach management for storm prevention.展开更多
Statistic and typical-year composition methods are used to study the northwest Pacific typhoon activities in relation with the El Nino and La Nifia events. The result indicates that the typhoon tends to be inactive in...Statistic and typical-year composition methods are used to study the northwest Pacific typhoon activities in relation with the El Nino and La Nifia events. The result indicates that the typhoon tends to be inactive in the El Nifio years and active in the La Nina years and it is also dependent on the onset and ending time and intensity of the events and areas of genesis of typhoons. With statistic features of the frequency of typhoon activity in the El Nifio and La Nina years and the time-lag correlation between the frequency and sea surface temperature (SST). useful information is provided for the prediction of typhoon occurrence. In addition, the singular values disassemble (SVD) method is applied to study the correlation between the geopotential field and SST field. The result shows that the air-sea coupling in the El Nino years is unfavorable for the typhoon to develop, which take place with a smaller number. Opposite situations are found with the La Nina years.展开更多
利用台风资料、海南灾情资料、再分析资料和多种统计分析方法,确定1967—2015年影响海南岛的15个强台风事件并探析海南岛强台风事件(Hainan violent typhoon event,HNVTE)的影响因子。结果表明,HNVTE发生的气候背景信息表现为多时间尺...利用台风资料、海南灾情资料、再分析资料和多种统计分析方法,确定1967—2015年影响海南岛的15个强台风事件并探析海南岛强台风事件(Hainan violent typhoon event,HNVTE)的影响因子。结果表明,HNVTE发生的气候背景信息表现为多时间尺度因子的协同作用:1980年代后期西北太平洋副热带高压(以下简称“西北太平洋副高”)突变式变强可能为HNVTE的减少提供了年代际尺度背景,厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Ni o-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)和平流层准两年振荡(quasi-biennial oscillation,QBO)的共同作用提供了HNVTE变化的年际异常背景。西北太平洋副高突变前出现中等强度的La Ni a状态和突变后出现中等强度的El Ni o状态均有利于HNVTE发生,而平流层西风位相下低层强西风切变则会抑制这两种状态下的HNVTE活动。根据西北太平洋海面温度的年代际位相、ENSO循环位相及强度和QBO位相及强度构建的BEST-QBO协同作用指数能很好地识别HNVTE的发生,可为HNVTE的气候预测提供有用的信号。展开更多
The proxy records on typhoons in the Yangtze River Delta from 1644 to 1949AD were extracted from historical chorographies in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China Period. In reference to the basic principles for ...The proxy records on typhoons in the Yangtze River Delta from 1644 to 1949AD were extracted from historical chorographies in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China Period. In reference to the basic principles for identifying historical typhoons, time series on the Yangtze River Delta over a period of 306 years were developed. The conclusions are as follows. （1） There were a total of 241 typhoons from 1644 to 1949AD. Using the historical chorographies from 1884 to 1949AD, the number of typhoons was 65, equal to 87.8% re- corded by meteorological observation. The number of years with differences in typhoon ac- tivities reconstructed using two ways no more than once is 55, reaching 83.3% in the period from 1884 to 1949AD. This result means the series of historical typhoons reconstructed using historical chorographies can represent the change of typhoon activities over years. （2） The average number of typhoon activities is 0.79 times per year from 1644 to 1949AD, and they show an increasing trend. These 306 years can be divided into three periods by the average number of typhoon activities： it is low from 1644 to 1784AD, and more typhoon activities are found from 1785 to 1904AD. It is worth noting that the number of typhoon activities reaches the summit in the last period, which is 1.2 times per year from 1905 to 1949AD. （3） Before the 20th century, the number of typhoon activities in warm periods is less than the number of cold periods. However, the number of typhoon activities increased dramatically in the early 20th century. Comparing the typhoon activities with El Nifio events, the data show that the number of typhoon activities did not increase when El Nifio occurred.展开更多
A generalized wave-activity density, which is defined as an absolute value of production of three-dimensional vorticity vector perturbation and gradient of general potential temperature perturbation, is introduced and...A generalized wave-activity density, which is defined as an absolute value of production of three-dimensional vorticity vector perturbation and gradient of general potential temperature perturbation, is introduced and its wave-activity law is derived in Cartesian coordinates. Constructed in an agoestrophic and nonhydrostatie dynamical framework, the generalized wave-activity law may be applicable to diagnose mesoscale weather systems leading to heavy rainfall. The generalized wave-activity density and wave-activity flux divergence were calculated with the objective analysis data to investigate the character of wave activity over heavy-rainfall regions. The primary dynamical processes responsible for disturbance associated with heavy rainfall were also analyzed. It was shown that the generalized wave-activity density was closely correlated to the observed 6-h accumulative rainfall. This indicated that the wave activity or disturbance was evident over the frontal and landfall-typhoon heavy-rainfall regions in middle and lower troposphere. For the landfall-typhoon rainband, the portion of generalized wave-activity flux divergence, denoting the interaction between the basic-state cyclonic circulation of landfall typhoon and mesoscale waves, was the primary dynamic process responsible for the evolution of generalized wave-activity density.展开更多
In sandy sediments, scour and fill is the key process contributed to mine burial. The scour processes surrounding the cylinder mines freely resting on the sandy seabed under the 12-hr combined action of tidal currents...In sandy sediments, scour and fill is the key process contributed to mine burial. The scour processes surrounding the cylinder mines freely resting on the sandy seabed under the 12-hr combined action of tidal currents and wind-generated waves, especially over typhoon events are numerically simulated using the DRAMBUIE model. The East China Sea is a good case study due to the dominant impact of summer typhoon events on sediment transport and scour. The numerical results show that the scour depth generally increases with time under the combined current and wave stresses exerted on the seabed, while the depth of the scour pit depends on infill once the currents subside. There is a positive relationship between the scour depth and the bottom orbital velocity after experiencing 12-hr wave action including storm waves, while the relation is not linear. The experimental results also display an elevated trend for scour depth with the increase of orbital velocity. The numerical results reveal a surprising phenomenon: the mobility of sand altering with the increasing bed shear stress larger than the certain threshold, which is also manifested as the curves of scour depth with the different grain size might cross each other. For laboratory experiments, the variability of sand mobility does not occur, likely because typhoon storm waves cannot be reproduced in the flume. More numerical tests indicate that the intersection will be triggered by the division of critical Shields parameter. The preliminary analysis suggests that the phenomenon never documented is likely generated from the error of empirical formulae.展开更多
基金The Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.LHZ22D060001the Scientific Research Funds of the Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources under contract Nos JG2315 and XRJH2309the National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2022YFC3106200.
文摘Beach erosion has occurred globally in recent decades due to frequent and severe storms.Dongsha beach,located in Zhujiajian Island,Zhejiang Province,China,is a typical embayed sandy beach.This study focused on the morphodynamic response of Dongsha beach to typhoon events,based on beach topographies and surficial sediment characteristics acquired before and after four typhoon events with varying intensities.The four typhoons had different effects on the topography and sediment characteristics of Dongsha beach.Typhoons Ampil and Danas caused the largest(-51.72 m3/m)and the smallest erosion(-8.01 m3/m),respectively.Remarkable alongshore patterns of beach profile volumetric changes were found after the four typhoon events,with more erosion in the southern and central parts of the beach and few changes in the northern part.Grain size coarsening and poor sorting were the main sediment patterns on the beach influenced by different typhoons.Typhoons that occurred in the same year after another typhoon enhanced the effect of the previous typhoon on sediment coarsening and sorting variability,but this cumulative effect was not found between typhoons that occurred during different years.A comparison of the collected data revealed that the topographic state of the beach before the typhoon,typhoon characteristics,and tidal conditions were possible reasons for the difference in the responses of Dongsha beach to typhoon events.More severe beach erosion was caused by typhoons with higher intensity levels and longer durations,and high tide levels during typhoons can determine the upper limit of the beach profile erosion site.Taken together,these results can be used to improve beach management for storm prevention.
文摘Statistic and typical-year composition methods are used to study the northwest Pacific typhoon activities in relation with the El Nino and La Nifia events. The result indicates that the typhoon tends to be inactive in the El Nifio years and active in the La Nina years and it is also dependent on the onset and ending time and intensity of the events and areas of genesis of typhoons. With statistic features of the frequency of typhoon activity in the El Nifio and La Nina years and the time-lag correlation between the frequency and sea surface temperature (SST). useful information is provided for the prediction of typhoon occurrence. In addition, the singular values disassemble (SVD) method is applied to study the correlation between the geopotential field and SST field. The result shows that the air-sea coupling in the El Nino years is unfavorable for the typhoon to develop, which take place with a smaller number. Opposite situations are found with the La Nina years.
文摘利用台风资料、海南灾情资料、再分析资料和多种统计分析方法,确定1967—2015年影响海南岛的15个强台风事件并探析海南岛强台风事件(Hainan violent typhoon event,HNVTE)的影响因子。结果表明,HNVTE发生的气候背景信息表现为多时间尺度因子的协同作用:1980年代后期西北太平洋副热带高压(以下简称“西北太平洋副高”)突变式变强可能为HNVTE的减少提供了年代际尺度背景,厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Ni o-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)和平流层准两年振荡(quasi-biennial oscillation,QBO)的共同作用提供了HNVTE变化的年际异常背景。西北太平洋副高突变前出现中等强度的La Ni a状态和突变后出现中等强度的El Ni o状态均有利于HNVTE发生,而平流层西风位相下低层强西风切变则会抑制这两种状态下的HNVTE活动。根据西北太平洋海面温度的年代际位相、ENSO循环位相及强度和QBO位相及强度构建的BEST-QBO协同作用指数能很好地识别HNVTE的发生,可为HNVTE的气候预测提供有用的信号。
基金National Basic Research Program of China, No.2010CB950103 National Key Technology Research and Development Program, No.2008BAK50B07 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40901099
文摘The proxy records on typhoons in the Yangtze River Delta from 1644 to 1949AD were extracted from historical chorographies in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China Period. In reference to the basic principles for identifying historical typhoons, time series on the Yangtze River Delta over a period of 306 years were developed. The conclusions are as follows. （1） There were a total of 241 typhoons from 1644 to 1949AD. Using the historical chorographies from 1884 to 1949AD, the number of typhoons was 65, equal to 87.8% re- corded by meteorological observation. The number of years with differences in typhoon ac- tivities reconstructed using two ways no more than once is 55, reaching 83.3% in the period from 1884 to 1949AD. This result means the series of historical typhoons reconstructed using historical chorographies can represent the change of typhoon activities over years. （2） The average number of typhoon activities is 0.79 times per year from 1644 to 1949AD, and they show an increasing trend. These 306 years can be divided into three periods by the average number of typhoon activities： it is low from 1644 to 1784AD, and more typhoon activities are found from 1785 to 1904AD. It is worth noting that the number of typhoon activities reaches the summit in the last period, which is 1.2 times per year from 1905 to 1949AD. （3） Before the 20th century, the number of typhoon activities in warm periods is less than the number of cold periods. However, the number of typhoon activities increased dramatically in the early 20th century. Comparing the typhoon activities with El Nifio events, the data show that the number of typhoon activities did not increase when El Nifio occurred.
基金National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB421505)National Natural Sciences Foundations of China (40875032)
文摘A generalized wave-activity density, which is defined as an absolute value of production of three-dimensional vorticity vector perturbation and gradient of general potential temperature perturbation, is introduced and its wave-activity law is derived in Cartesian coordinates. Constructed in an agoestrophic and nonhydrostatie dynamical framework, the generalized wave-activity law may be applicable to diagnose mesoscale weather systems leading to heavy rainfall. The generalized wave-activity density and wave-activity flux divergence were calculated with the objective analysis data to investigate the character of wave activity over heavy-rainfall regions. The primary dynamical processes responsible for disturbance associated with heavy rainfall were also analyzed. It was shown that the generalized wave-activity density was closely correlated to the observed 6-h accumulative rainfall. This indicated that the wave activity or disturbance was evident over the frontal and landfall-typhoon heavy-rainfall regions in middle and lower troposphere. For the landfall-typhoon rainband, the portion of generalized wave-activity flux divergence, denoting the interaction between the basic-state cyclonic circulation of landfall typhoon and mesoscale waves, was the primary dynamic process responsible for the evolution of generalized wave-activity density.
文摘In sandy sediments, scour and fill is the key process contributed to mine burial. The scour processes surrounding the cylinder mines freely resting on the sandy seabed under the 12-hr combined action of tidal currents and wind-generated waves, especially over typhoon events are numerically simulated using the DRAMBUIE model. The East China Sea is a good case study due to the dominant impact of summer typhoon events on sediment transport and scour. The numerical results show that the scour depth generally increases with time under the combined current and wave stresses exerted on the seabed, while the depth of the scour pit depends on infill once the currents subside. There is a positive relationship between the scour depth and the bottom orbital velocity after experiencing 12-hr wave action including storm waves, while the relation is not linear. The experimental results also display an elevated trend for scour depth with the increase of orbital velocity. The numerical results reveal a surprising phenomenon: the mobility of sand altering with the increasing bed shear stress larger than the certain threshold, which is also manifested as the curves of scour depth with the different grain size might cross each other. For laboratory experiments, the variability of sand mobility does not occur, likely because typhoon storm waves cannot be reproduced in the flume. More numerical tests indicate that the intersection will be triggered by the division of critical Shields parameter. The preliminary analysis suggests that the phenomenon never documented is likely generated from the error of empirical formulae.
