The security of the seed industry is crucial for ensuring national food security.Currently,developed countries in Europe and America,along with international seed industry giants,have entered the Breeding 4.0 era.This...The security of the seed industry is crucial for ensuring national food security.Currently,developed countries in Europe and America,along with international seed industry giants,have entered the Breeding 4.0 era.This era integrates biotechnology,artificial intelligence(AI),and big data information technology.In contrast,China is still in a transition period between stages 2.0 and 3.0,which primarily relies on conventional selection and molecular breeding.In the context of increasingly complex international situations,accurately identifying core issues in China's seed industry innovation and seizing the frontier of international seed technology are strategically important.These efforts are essential for ensuring food security and revitalizing the seed industry.This paper systematically analyzes the characteristics of crop breeding data from artificial selection to intelligent design breeding.It explores the applications and development trends of AI and big data in modern crop breeding from several key perspectives.These include highthroughput phenotype acquisition and analysis,multiomics big data database and management system construction,AI-based multiomics integrated analysis,and the development of intelligent breeding software tools based on biological big data and AI technology.Based on an in-depth analysis of the current status and challenges of China's seed industry technology development,we propose strategic goals and key tasks for China's new generation of AI and big data-driven intelligent design breeding.These suggestions aim to accelerate the development of an intelligent-driven crop breeding engineering system that features large-scale gene mining,efficient gene manipulation,engineered variety design,and systematized biobreeding.This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of China's seed industry technology.展开更多
Advancements in molecular approaches have been utilized to breed crops with a wide range of economically valuable traits to develop superior cultivars.This review provides a concise overview of modern breakthroughs in...Advancements in molecular approaches have been utilized to breed crops with a wide range of economically valuable traits to develop superior cultivars.This review provides a concise overview of modern breakthroughs in molecular plant production.Genotyping and high-throughput phenotyping methods for predictive plant breeding are briefly discussed.In this study,we explore contemporary molecular breeding techniques for producing desirable crop varieties.These techniques include cisgenesis,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR/Cas9)gene editing,haploid induction,and de novo domestication.We examine the speed breeding approach-a strategy for cultivating plants under controlled conditions.We further highlight the significance of modern breeding technologies in efficiently utilizing agricultural resources for crop production in urban areas.The deciphering of crop genomes has led to the development of extensive DNA markers,quantitative trait loci(QTLs),and pangenomes associated with various desirable crop traits.This shift to the genotypic selection of crops considerably expedites the plant breeding process.Based on the plant population used,the connection between genotypic and phenotypic data provides several genetic elements,including genes,markers,and alleles that can be used in genomic breeding and gene editing.The integration of speed breeding with genomic-assisted breeding and cutting-edge genome editing tools has made it feasible to rapidly manipulate and generate multiple crop cycles and accelerate the plant breeding process.Breakthroughs in molecular techniques have led to substantial improvements in modern breeding methods.展开更多
Computer simulation permits answering theoretical and applied questions in animal and plant breeding.Blib is a novel multi-module simulation platform,which is able to handle more complicated genetic effects and models...Computer simulation permits answering theoretical and applied questions in animal and plant breeding.Blib is a novel multi-module simulation platform,which is able to handle more complicated genetic effects and models than most existing tools.In this study,we describe one major and unified application module of Blib,i.e.,ISB(abbreviated from in silico breeding),for simulating the three categories of breeding programs for developing clonal,pure-line and hybrid cultivars in plants.Genetic models on environments and breeding-targeted traits,one or several parental populations,and a number of breeding methods are key elements to run simulation experiments in ISB,which are arranged in three external input files by given formats.Applications of ISB are illustrated by three case studies,representing the three categories of plant breeding programs.Under the condition that 5000 F1 progenies were generated and tested from 50 heterozygous parents,Case study I showed that 50 crosses,each of 100 progenies,made the best balance between genetic achievement and field cost.In Case study II,one optimum breeding method was identified by which the pure lines with high yield and medium maturity could be developed.Case study III investigated the genetic consequence in hybrid breeding from five testers.One tester was identified for the simultaneous improvement in F1 hybrids and inbred lines.In summary,ISB identified a balanced crossing scheme,an optimum pure-line selection method,and an optimized tester in three case studies which are relevant to plant breeding.We believe the prediction by simulation would be highly required in front of the next generation of breeding to be driven by informatics and intelligence.展开更多
Molecular tools have drawn the attention ofmodern plant breeders for its great precision and superiority.As the global population is increasing gradually,food production should be enhanced to feed the growing populati...Molecular tools have drawn the attention ofmodern plant breeders for its great precision and superiority.As the global population is increasing gradually,food production should be enhanced to feed the growing population.Therefore,precise and fast breeding tools are becoming obvious.Moreover,climate change has become a critical issue in crop improvement.Advanced breeding methods are vital to combat the impact of climate change,including biotic and abiotic stresses.Major molecular techniques,such as‘CRISPR-Cas’mediated‘genome editing’,‘marker-assisted selection(MAS)’,‘whole genome sequencing’,‘RNAi’,transgenic approach,‘high-throughput phenotyping(HTP)’,mutation breeding,have been proven superior over traditional breeding in terms of precision,efficiency,and speed in developing stress-resistant improved varieties.This review explores the potential and superiority ofmolecular breeding methods and highlights the gaps(time,cost,efficiency,etc.)in traditional breeding methods,where modern breeding programs,asmentioned,are effective.Furthermore,this reviewwill focus on the necessity of keymodern plant breeding techniques as a foundation for sustainable farming practices to address emerging environmental challenges,ensure food security,and improve the yield and quality of crops.展开更多
This study uses prefecture-level city statistical data from China from 2000-2022 to measure the supply and demand of livestock manure nitrogen nutrients and calculates farmland livestock carrying capacity using the ni...This study uses prefecture-level city statistical data from China from 2000-2022 to measure the supply and demand of livestock manure nitrogen nutrients and calculates farmland livestock carrying capacity using the nitrogen nutrient balance method.We investigate nitrogen supply and demand and livestock carrying capacity in northeast China by comparing emissions from 2000-2022 over the past several decades.The poultry and livestock industry in northeast China has changed significantly over the past two decades:pigs are now the most bred animal and poultry production has increased dramatically.Regional livestock nitrogen emissions are influenced primarily by the size of the local livestock industry chain.Due to regional differences,each region has unique breeding structures.We also predict the anticipated situation in 2050 using the business-as usual scenario.High-risk livestock carrying capacity areas will be concentrated in the northeast and southeast regions,with significantly increased risk indices,compared with those of 2022,particularly in Shenyang,Fushun,and Tieling.Therefore,promoting farming and breeding,improving livestock manure utilization,and returning manure to nearby farmlands are crucial for meeting agricultural green development goals.展开更多
Crop disease is best combated with host resistance,this approach rests on an understanding of pathogen-host interaction mechanisms and the availability of resistance genes and breeding materials.This special issue col...Crop disease is best combated with host resistance,this approach rests on an understanding of pathogen-host interaction mechanisms and the availability of resistance genes and breeding materials.This special issue collects 12 articles reporting recent progress in crop disease-resistance research.展开更多
Soybean(Glycine max)is a vital foundation of global food security,providing a primary source of highquality protein and oil for human consumption and animal feed.The rising global population has significantly increase...Soybean(Glycine max)is a vital foundation of global food security,providing a primary source of highquality protein and oil for human consumption and animal feed.The rising global population has significantly increased the demand for soybeans,emphasizing the urgency of developing high-yield,stresstolerant,and nutritionally superior cultivars.The extensive collection of soybean germplasm resources—including wild relatives,landraces,and cultivars—represents a valuable reservoir of genetic diversity critical for breeding advancements.Recent breakthroughs in genomic technologies,particularly highthroughput sequencing and multi-omics approaches,have revolutionized the identification of key genes associated with essential agronomic traits within these resources.These innovations enable precise and strategic utilization of genetic diversity,empowering breeders to integrate traits that improve yield potential,resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses,and nutritional quality.This review highlights the critical role of genetic resources and omics-driven innovations in soybean breeding.It also offers insights into strategies for accelerating the development of elite soybean cultivars to meet the growing demands of global soybean production.展开更多
The aBIOTECH journal is pleased to announce that it will publish a Feature Issue on“AI in Crop Breeding”.In this issue,submission of articles addressing the following research areas would be welcomed.
The identification of haploid induction genes has promoted the advancement of several breeding technologies.Haploid induction genes in wheat,coupled with visual marker,have led to the establishment of a novel in vivo ...The identification of haploid induction genes has promoted the advancement of several breeding technologies.Haploid induction genes in wheat,coupled with visual marker,have led to the establishment of a novel in vivo doubled-haploid(DH)technology.When combined with dominant male sterile genes,this innovative DH method presents a promising avenue for high-throughput production of DH lines.Furthermore,the application of haploid induction genes has facilitated the establishment of other innovative breeding technologies,such as HI-Edit and cyto-swapping in creating cytoplasmic male sterility lines,as well as synthetic apomixis.This review summarizes the progress of DH technology in wheat and presents examples of application of haploid induction genes in accelerating breeding practices,aiming to promote the development of these innovative technologies in wheat and enhancing wheat breeding efficiency.展开更多
Numerous hypotheses predict associations between phenotype-associated breeder traits and reproductive success.In secondary cavity-nesting passerine birds,which have been investigated most,up to more than 90parental ch...Numerous hypotheses predict associations between phenotype-associated breeder traits and reproductive success.In secondary cavity-nesting passerine birds,which have been investigated most,up to more than 90parental characteristics have been linked to at least one field measure of breeding performance.However,within study populations,different parental traits,such as clutch size,first-egg date,egg size,nest architecture,plumage colour,adult morphometry,or song performance,are often weakly correlated across female and/or male breeders.Furthermore,many of these studies have been conducted outside the theoretical framework of the'Individual Optimisation Hypothesis' of clutch size(IOH).IOH predicts that:(i) females with larger clutches will have larger broods at hatching and fledging compared to those with smaller clutches;and(ii) clutch size,which is adaptively adjusted to the parents' ability to rear nestlings,should always maximize the percentage of eggs producing fledglings so that variation in clutch size becomes disconnected from variation in breeding success.In this paper,we present the first detailed review of implications of IOH for parental characters other than clutch size.Our review covered 188 non-experimental studies and 1074 statistical results that examined how parental traits influence breeding success in Western Palearctic Great Tits(Parus major),Blue Tits(Cyanistes spp.),and flycatchers(Ficedula spp.).Clutch size explained one third of the variation in brood size at hatching and fledging within study populations.However,most parental characteristics associated weakly with the number of hatchlings or fledglings,likely because they did not correlate with clutch size.Overall,parental traits were poorly correlated with the proportion of hatchlings and fledglings per egg.We discuss why intraspecific variation in phenotype-associated breeder traits is often disconnected from interindividual differences in breeding success,and highlight the importance of underexplored research problems in avian breeding biology.展开更多
‘Xiangchundou 36’is a new high-yield spring soybean cultivar bred by the Crop Research Institute of Hunan Province.This cultivar was bred in 2014 by the pedigree method with‘Xiangchundou V7’as the male parent and...‘Xiangchundou 36’is a new high-yield spring soybean cultivar bred by the Crop Research Institute of Hunan Province.This cultivar was bred in 2014 by the pedigree method with‘Xiangchundou V7’as the male parent and‘Youchun 1204’as the female parent.The cultivar showed high yields and excellent comprehensive traits in all levels of tests carried out from 2019 to 2023.In 2024,it was approved by Hunan Provincial Crop Variety Certification Committee,with the certification number Xiangshendou 20241004.‘Xiangchundou 36’was suitable for planting as a spring soybean cultivar in Hunan Province.展开更多
Sorghum,renowned for its substantial biomass production and remarkable tolerance to various stresses,possesses extensive gene resources and phenotypic variations.A comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis unde...Sorghum,renowned for its substantial biomass production and remarkable tolerance to various stresses,possesses extensive gene resources and phenotypic variations.A comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis underlying complex agronomic traits is essential for unlocking the potential of sorghum in addressing food and feed security and utilizing marginal lands.In this context,we provide an overview of the major trends in genomic resource studies focusing on key agronomic traits over the past decade,accompanied by a summary of functional genomic platforms.We also delve into the molecular functions and regulatory networks of impactful genes for important agricultural traits.Lastly,we discuss and synthesize the current challenges and prospects for advancing molecular design breeding by gene-editing and polymerization of the excellent alleles,with the aim of accelerating the development of desired sorghum varieties.展开更多
The transformation of natural habitats into human-modified landscapes has far-reaching consequences for species distribution and abundance.As species adapt to these changing environments,shifts in distribution pattern...The transformation of natural habitats into human-modified landscapes has far-reaching consequences for species distribution and abundance.As species adapt to these changing environments,shifts in distribution patterns,niche dynamics,and interspecies interactions may occur,impacting biodiversity at multiple levels and potentially leading to ecosystem imbalances.This study aims to assess the impact of variations in vegetation composition and human disturbance on the distribution of sympatric breeding birds and to determine the extent of niche overlap or differentiation among these species.We conducted field surveys and collected data on bird distribution,vegetation composition,and level of human disturbance in eastern Inner Mongolian grasslands.We focused on the six most frequently co-occurring breeding birds,representing a mix of sparrows,larks,and corvids.Generalized Additive Models revealed varying responses of species occurrence along habitat gradients.Species like the Eurasian Skylark(Alauda arvensis),Mongolian Lark(Melanocorypha mongolica),and Asian Shorttoed Lark(Calandrella cheleensis),increased in larger and more connected habitats,while others,like the Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus),Eurasian Magpie(Pica pica),and Barn Swallow(Hirundo rustica),adapted to more fragmented habitats.Niche analysis indicated habitat generalists tended to occupy larger niches than grassland specialists.Substantial niche overlap was also found among the six co-occurring bird species.Conservation efforts should consider the specific needs of specialist species and strive to maintain or restore critical grassland habitats.Additionally,promoting sustainable agricultural practices that balance the needs of birds and human activities can contribute to the coexistence of generalist and specialist bird species in modified landscapes.展开更多
Traditional hybrid crop breeding faces inefficiencies due to labor-intensive manual pollination-especially for crops like tomatoes and soybeans with complex flowers.Researchers at the Institute of Genetics and Develop...Traditional hybrid crop breeding faces inefficiencies due to labor-intensive manual pollination-especially for crops like tomatoes and soybeans with complex flowers.Researchers at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,have developed GEAIR(Genome Editing with Artificial-Intelligence-based Robots),an AI-robotic system that pollinates gene-edited plants 24/7.展开更多
Crop Breeding is a compulsory course for agriculture-related majors and serves as an important platform for cultivating talents in agriculture,rural areas and farmers.Curriculum ideological and political education in ...Crop Breeding is a compulsory course for agriculture-related majors and serves as an important platform for cultivating talents in agriculture,rural areas and farmers.Curriculum ideological and political education in the course of Crop Breeding can not only impart professional knowledge to students,but also shape their correct outlook on life,world and values.Based on elaborating the necessity of integrating curriculum ideological and political education into the Crop Breeding course,this paper deeply explored ideological and political elements and achieved their organic integration with professional knowledge.Throughout the teaching process,the educational effect of combining professional knowledge instruction with ideological and political education has been achieved,thereby creating new pathways for ideological and political development in the Crop Breeding course.While enabling students to learn and master basic theories,developmental trends,and cutting-edge knowledge of the discipline,this approach enhances students sense of identity and belonging to the profession,cultivates their dedication to agriculture,rural areas,and farmers,and strengthens their sense of responsibility and historical mission in revitalizing agriculture.Therefore,it can foster high-quality agricultural talents for China s rural revitalization strategy.展开更多
Genotyping by Target Sequencing(GBTS)technology,known for its flexibility,high efficiency,high throughput,and low cost,has been increasingly employed in molecular breeding.However,there is still limited study on the d...Genotyping by Target Sequencing(GBTS)technology,known for its flexibility,high efficiency,high throughput,and low cost,has been increasingly employed in molecular breeding.However,there is still limited study on the design and development of high-throughput genotyping tools in watermelon.In this study,we identified 112000 high quality SNPs by analyzing the resequencing data of 43 cultivated watermelon accessions.11921 and 6094 SNPs were selected for developing two sets of watermelon liquid-phase chips with different marker densities,named Watermelon 10K and 5K,respectively.Furthermore,the SNPs and Indels of most mapped gene/QTLs for many agronomic important traits in watermelon were also integrated into the two chips for foreground selection.These chips have been tested using GBTS technology in various applications in watermelon.The genotyping of 76 accessions by Watermelon 5K liquid-phase chip showed an average detection rate of 99.28%and 81.78%for cultivated and wild watermelon accessions,respectively.This provided enough markers information for GWAS and two significant QTLs,ssc1.1 and ssc1.2,associated with soluble sugar content were detected.Furthermore,BSA-seq analysis for non-lobed leaf and dwarf traits were validated by liquid-phase chips,and the candidate region was consistent with our previous studies.Additionally,we precisely introduced the Cldw1 and Clbl genes into an elite inbred line WT2 using Watermelon 5K for assisted selection,resulting in the development of three new germplasm with good plant architecture.As a high-throughput genotyping liquid-phase SNP array,the Watermelon 10K and 5K chips will greatly facilitate functional studies and molecular breeding in watermelon.展开更多
Dispersal is an important life history trait with signifcant consequences for spatially structured populations,as the exchange of individuals between habitat patches is crucial for maintaining metapopulation connectiv...Dispersal is an important life history trait with signifcant consequences for spatially structured populations,as the exchange of individuals between habitat patches is crucial for maintaining metapopulation connectivity.In this study,we used a long-term data set(2005–2023)to describe dispersal patterns in a patchy population of the Western Yellow Wagtail Motacilla fava within a large(approximately 1,300 km2)study area in the boreal zone of European Russia.We quantifed dispersal distances for birds that dispersed outside their natal or breeding habitat patches and applied a multistate capture–recapture approach to estimate natal and breeding dispersal probabilities.Of 395 adult wagtails and 1,610 nestlings ringed,3%of birds ringed as adults and 3%of birds ringed as nestlings were resighted outside their natal or breeding patches.The probability of natal dispersal(0.29±0.05)was signifcantly higher than the probability of breeding dispersal(0.05±0.01).The median natal dispersal distances(2.8 km for males,3.9 km for females)were the same as the median breeding dispersal distances(2.7 km for males,3.9 km for females).We did not fnd a signifcant effect of the fedging date on either the natal dispersal distance or the natal dispersal probability.Similarly,we did not fnd a signifcant effect of the previous reproductive success on either the breeding dispersal distance or the breeding dispersal probability.Our results indicate that strong breeding site fdelity and short-distance natal dispersal are the dominant dispersal strategies in a patchy population of the western yellow wagtail.展开更多
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequences(CRISPR)and their accompanying proteins(Cas),commonly presenting in bacteria and archaea,make up the CRISPR/Cas system.As one of the funda-mental sourc...Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequences(CRISPR)and their accompanying proteins(Cas),commonly presenting in bacteria and archaea,make up the CRISPR/Cas system.As one of the funda-mental sources of nutrition for humans,edible crops play a crucial role in ensuring global food security.CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing has been applied to improve many crop traits,such as increasing nitrogen utilization efficiency,creating male sterile germplasm,and regulating tiller and spikelet formation.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the use of CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology in crop genomes,covering the targeted genes,the types of editing that take place,the mechanism of action.Finally,we also discussed the efficiency of gene editing and pointed the future direction on how to speed up crop molecular breeding,increase breeding effectiveness,and produce more new crop varieties with high qualities.展开更多
Rice,as a primary commodity,needs to be increased in production while facing the sustainability challenges of limited land,water resources,and climate change.The demand for rice productivity was not enough to rely onl...Rice,as a primary commodity,needs to be increased in production while facing the sustainability challenges of limited land,water resources,and climate change.The demand for rice productivity was not enough to rely only on the fertile fields’ability;it is necessary to consider the rainfed land potential.Cultivation in rainfed land involves biophysical pressure,lowproduction,and limited access to superior varieties.Participatory rice breeding aimed to identify farmers’trait preferences and develop acceptable lines.A bottom-up approach involved 203 farmers from four rainfed fields in Indonesia,i.e.,Semarang-Central Java,Kulon Progo-Yogyakarta,Tabanan-Bali,andGunungkidul-Yogyakarta.The experiment on February-June 2024 tested six lines(G2,G3,G4,G5,G9,and G10)and four varieties(Situ Bagendit,Gamagora7,Inpari IRNutri Zinc,and Inpago12 Agritan).Farmers’involvement in evaluating the suitability of genotypes involved using Multidimensional Scaling and Importance-Performance Analysis.Breeders added comprehensive analysis in the growing environment with Genotype Environment Interaction,and key attributes of leverage analysis from farmers must be considered.Genotype performance in the Multidimensional Scaling feasibility indicated that yield primary determinants were panicle type,disease resistance,leaf characteristics,and environmental resilience.Importance Performance Analysis verified that G3,G9,G2,and G4 had a preference at the farm level.Genotype Environment Interaction reveals that G3,G4,and G2 were ideal lines with high potential yields,suitability,and adaptability on rainfed land.Participatory rice breeding in rainfed land integrates farmers’assessments and breeders’observations to realize the most preferred genotypes according to the challenges for sustainable agriculture.展开更多
The intensification of global warming has led to the continuous outbreak of southern rust(Puccinia polysora Underw.)in major maize-producing regions worldwide.The severe outbreak in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize reg...The intensification of global warming has led to the continuous outbreak of southern rust(Puccinia polysora Underw.)in major maize-producing regions worldwide.The severe outbreak in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize region of China in 2021 caused yield losses exceeding 50%in some plots,and this disease has been included in the List of Key Crop Pests and Diseases.This paper systematically reviews the molecular resistance mechanisms of maize to southern rust,focusing on the immune mechanisms mediated by NLR family genes and the characteristics of the Bin 10.01 resistance gene cluster;it summarizes the advances in research of molecular breeding technologies such as gene marker development,map-based cloning,and gene editing;combined with the disease characteristics of the spring-sown maize region in Southwest China and the summer-sown maize region in Huang-Huai-Hai,it elaborates on regionally adapted prevention and control strategies;integrating breeding practices of Dunhuang Seed Industry Group(e.g.,Dunyu 810 and Dunyan 616),it proposes a full-chain solution of"precision gene pyramiding-heterotic group utilization-regional promotion".It is expected to provide theoretical and technical references for molecular breeding of maize resistance to southern rust.展开更多
基金partially supported by the Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(KJCX20240406)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ24037)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330075)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02 and CARS-54)。
文摘The security of the seed industry is crucial for ensuring national food security.Currently,developed countries in Europe and America,along with international seed industry giants,have entered the Breeding 4.0 era.This era integrates biotechnology,artificial intelligence(AI),and big data information technology.In contrast,China is still in a transition period between stages 2.0 and 3.0,which primarily relies on conventional selection and molecular breeding.In the context of increasingly complex international situations,accurately identifying core issues in China's seed industry innovation and seizing the frontier of international seed technology are strategically important.These efforts are essential for ensuring food security and revitalizing the seed industry.This paper systematically analyzes the characteristics of crop breeding data from artificial selection to intelligent design breeding.It explores the applications and development trends of AI and big data in modern crop breeding from several key perspectives.These include highthroughput phenotype acquisition and analysis,multiomics big data database and management system construction,AI-based multiomics integrated analysis,and the development of intelligent breeding software tools based on biological big data and AI technology.Based on an in-depth analysis of the current status and challenges of China's seed industry technology development,we propose strategic goals and key tasks for China's new generation of AI and big data-driven intelligent design breeding.These suggestions aim to accelerate the development of an intelligent-driven crop breeding engineering system that features large-scale gene mining,efficient gene manipulation,engineered variety design,and systematized biobreeding.This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of China's seed industry technology.
基金funded by the United Arab Emirates UniversityResearch Officegrant number 12F041 to KM。
文摘Advancements in molecular approaches have been utilized to breed crops with a wide range of economically valuable traits to develop superior cultivars.This review provides a concise overview of modern breakthroughs in molecular plant production.Genotyping and high-throughput phenotyping methods for predictive plant breeding are briefly discussed.In this study,we explore contemporary molecular breeding techniques for producing desirable crop varieties.These techniques include cisgenesis,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR/Cas9)gene editing,haploid induction,and de novo domestication.We examine the speed breeding approach-a strategy for cultivating plants under controlled conditions.We further highlight the significance of modern breeding technologies in efficiently utilizing agricultural resources for crop production in urban areas.The deciphering of crop genomes has led to the development of extensive DNA markers,quantitative trait loci(QTLs),and pangenomes associated with various desirable crop traits.This shift to the genotypic selection of crops considerably expedites the plant breeding process.Based on the plant population used,the connection between genotypic and phenotypic data provides several genetic elements,including genes,markers,and alleles that can be used in genomic breeding and gene editing.The integration of speed breeding with genomic-assisted breeding and cutting-edge genome editing tools has made it feasible to rapidly manipulate and generate multiple crop cycles and accelerate the plant breeding process.Breakthroughs in molecular techniques have led to substantial improvements in modern breeding methods.
基金supported by Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0407501)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31861143003)Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Computer simulation permits answering theoretical and applied questions in animal and plant breeding.Blib is a novel multi-module simulation platform,which is able to handle more complicated genetic effects and models than most existing tools.In this study,we describe one major and unified application module of Blib,i.e.,ISB(abbreviated from in silico breeding),for simulating the three categories of breeding programs for developing clonal,pure-line and hybrid cultivars in plants.Genetic models on environments and breeding-targeted traits,one or several parental populations,and a number of breeding methods are key elements to run simulation experiments in ISB,which are arranged in three external input files by given formats.Applications of ISB are illustrated by three case studies,representing the three categories of plant breeding programs.Under the condition that 5000 F1 progenies were generated and tested from 50 heterozygous parents,Case study I showed that 50 crosses,each of 100 progenies,made the best balance between genetic achievement and field cost.In Case study II,one optimum breeding method was identified by which the pure lines with high yield and medium maturity could be developed.Case study III investigated the genetic consequence in hybrid breeding from five testers.One tester was identified for the simultaneous improvement in F1 hybrids and inbred lines.In summary,ISB identified a balanced crossing scheme,an optimum pure-line selection method,and an optimized tester in three case studies which are relevant to plant breeding.We believe the prediction by simulation would be highly required in front of the next generation of breeding to be driven by informatics and intelligence.
文摘Molecular tools have drawn the attention ofmodern plant breeders for its great precision and superiority.As the global population is increasing gradually,food production should be enhanced to feed the growing population.Therefore,precise and fast breeding tools are becoming obvious.Moreover,climate change has become a critical issue in crop improvement.Advanced breeding methods are vital to combat the impact of climate change,including biotic and abiotic stresses.Major molecular techniques,such as‘CRISPR-Cas’mediated‘genome editing’,‘marker-assisted selection(MAS)’,‘whole genome sequencing’,‘RNAi’,transgenic approach,‘high-throughput phenotyping(HTP)’,mutation breeding,have been proven superior over traditional breeding in terms of precision,efficiency,and speed in developing stress-resistant improved varieties.This review explores the potential and superiority ofmolecular breeding methods and highlights the gaps(time,cost,efficiency,etc.)in traditional breeding methods,where modern breeding programs,asmentioned,are effective.Furthermore,this reviewwill focus on the necessity of keymodern plant breeding techniques as a foundation for sustainable farming practices to address emerging environmental challenges,ensure food security,and improve the yield and quality of crops.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Youth Project“Research on the Environmental-economic Synergistic Mechanism and Promotion Strategy of Farming and Breeding Circular Pattern in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China”[Grant No.72303087].
文摘This study uses prefecture-level city statistical data from China from 2000-2022 to measure the supply and demand of livestock manure nitrogen nutrients and calculates farmland livestock carrying capacity using the nitrogen nutrient balance method.We investigate nitrogen supply and demand and livestock carrying capacity in northeast China by comparing emissions from 2000-2022 over the past several decades.The poultry and livestock industry in northeast China has changed significantly over the past two decades:pigs are now the most bred animal and poultry production has increased dramatically.Regional livestock nitrogen emissions are influenced primarily by the size of the local livestock industry chain.Due to regional differences,each region has unique breeding structures.We also predict the anticipated situation in 2050 using the business-as usual scenario.High-risk livestock carrying capacity areas will be concentrated in the northeast and southeast regions,with significantly increased risk indices,compared with those of 2022,particularly in Shenyang,Fushun,and Tieling.Therefore,promoting farming and breeding,improving livestock manure utilization,and returning manure to nearby farmlands are crucial for meeting agricultural green development goals.
文摘Crop disease is best combated with host resistance,this approach rests on an understanding of pathogen-host interaction mechanisms and the availability of resistance genes and breeding materials.This special issue collects 12 articles reporting recent progress in crop disease-resistance research.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1003301,2023YFF1000101,2022YFE0130200)the Taishan Scholars Program。
文摘Soybean(Glycine max)is a vital foundation of global food security,providing a primary source of highquality protein and oil for human consumption and animal feed.The rising global population has significantly increased the demand for soybeans,emphasizing the urgency of developing high-yield,stresstolerant,and nutritionally superior cultivars.The extensive collection of soybean germplasm resources—including wild relatives,landraces,and cultivars—represents a valuable reservoir of genetic diversity critical for breeding advancements.Recent breakthroughs in genomic technologies,particularly highthroughput sequencing and multi-omics approaches,have revolutionized the identification of key genes associated with essential agronomic traits within these resources.These innovations enable precise and strategic utilization of genetic diversity,empowering breeders to integrate traits that improve yield potential,resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses,and nutritional quality.This review highlights the critical role of genetic resources and omics-driven innovations in soybean breeding.It also offers insights into strategies for accelerating the development of elite soybean cultivars to meet the growing demands of global soybean production.
文摘The aBIOTECH journal is pleased to announce that it will publish a Feature Issue on“AI in Crop Breeding”.In this issue,submission of articles addressing the following research areas would be welcomed.
基金financially supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Key R&D Program(Modern Agriculture)(BE2023313)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901535)the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-03).
文摘The identification of haploid induction genes has promoted the advancement of several breeding technologies.Haploid induction genes in wheat,coupled with visual marker,have led to the establishment of a novel in vivo doubled-haploid(DH)technology.When combined with dominant male sterile genes,this innovative DH method presents a promising avenue for high-throughput production of DH lines.Furthermore,the application of haploid induction genes has facilitated the establishment of other innovative breeding technologies,such as HI-Edit and cyto-swapping in creating cytoplasmic male sterility lines,as well as synthetic apomixis.This review summarizes the progress of DH technology in wheat and presents examples of application of haploid induction genes in accelerating breeding practices,aiming to promote the development of these innovative technologies in wheat and enhancing wheat breeding efficiency.
文摘Numerous hypotheses predict associations between phenotype-associated breeder traits and reproductive success.In secondary cavity-nesting passerine birds,which have been investigated most,up to more than 90parental characteristics have been linked to at least one field measure of breeding performance.However,within study populations,different parental traits,such as clutch size,first-egg date,egg size,nest architecture,plumage colour,adult morphometry,or song performance,are often weakly correlated across female and/or male breeders.Furthermore,many of these studies have been conducted outside the theoretical framework of the'Individual Optimisation Hypothesis' of clutch size(IOH).IOH predicts that:(i) females with larger clutches will have larger broods at hatching and fledging compared to those with smaller clutches;and(ii) clutch size,which is adaptively adjusted to the parents' ability to rear nestlings,should always maximize the percentage of eggs producing fledglings so that variation in clutch size becomes disconnected from variation in breeding success.In this paper,we present the first detailed review of implications of IOH for parental characters other than clutch size.Our review covered 188 non-experimental studies and 1074 statistical results that examined how parental traits influence breeding success in Western Palearctic Great Tits(Parus major),Blue Tits(Cyanistes spp.),and flycatchers(Ficedula spp.).Clutch size explained one third of the variation in brood size at hatching and fledging within study populations.However,most parental characteristics associated weakly with the number of hatchlings or fledglings,likely because they did not correlate with clutch size.Overall,parental traits were poorly correlated with the proportion of hatchlings and fledglings per egg.We discuss why intraspecific variation in phenotype-associated breeder traits is often disconnected from interindividual differences in breeding success,and highlight the importance of underexplored research problems in avian breeding biology.
文摘‘Xiangchundou 36’is a new high-yield spring soybean cultivar bred by the Crop Research Institute of Hunan Province.This cultivar was bred in 2014 by the pedigree method with‘Xiangchundou V7’as the male parent and‘Youchun 1204’as the female parent.The cultivar showed high yields and excellent comprehensive traits in all levels of tests carried out from 2019 to 2023.In 2024,it was approved by Hunan Provincial Crop Variety Certification Committee,with the certification number Xiangshendou 20241004.‘Xiangchundou 36’was suitable for planting as a spring soybean cultivar in Hunan Province.
基金the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(32201780)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(77000–12240011)+2 种基金Shenzhen Postdoctoral Funding Project(szbo202410)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32241045 and 32241038)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1500503,2023YFD1200700,and 2023YFD1200704).
文摘Sorghum,renowned for its substantial biomass production and remarkable tolerance to various stresses,possesses extensive gene resources and phenotypic variations.A comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis underlying complex agronomic traits is essential for unlocking the potential of sorghum in addressing food and feed security and utilizing marginal lands.In this context,we provide an overview of the major trends in genomic resource studies focusing on key agronomic traits over the past decade,accompanied by a summary of functional genomic platforms.We also delve into the molecular functions and regulatory networks of impactful genes for important agricultural traits.Lastly,we discuss and synthesize the current challenges and prospects for advancing molecular design breeding by gene-editing and polymerization of the excellent alleles,with the aim of accelerating the development of desired sorghum varieties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32201304)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2412022QD026)。
文摘The transformation of natural habitats into human-modified landscapes has far-reaching consequences for species distribution and abundance.As species adapt to these changing environments,shifts in distribution patterns,niche dynamics,and interspecies interactions may occur,impacting biodiversity at multiple levels and potentially leading to ecosystem imbalances.This study aims to assess the impact of variations in vegetation composition and human disturbance on the distribution of sympatric breeding birds and to determine the extent of niche overlap or differentiation among these species.We conducted field surveys and collected data on bird distribution,vegetation composition,and level of human disturbance in eastern Inner Mongolian grasslands.We focused on the six most frequently co-occurring breeding birds,representing a mix of sparrows,larks,and corvids.Generalized Additive Models revealed varying responses of species occurrence along habitat gradients.Species like the Eurasian Skylark(Alauda arvensis),Mongolian Lark(Melanocorypha mongolica),and Asian Shorttoed Lark(Calandrella cheleensis),increased in larger and more connected habitats,while others,like the Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus),Eurasian Magpie(Pica pica),and Barn Swallow(Hirundo rustica),adapted to more fragmented habitats.Niche analysis indicated habitat generalists tended to occupy larger niches than grassland specialists.Substantial niche overlap was also found among the six co-occurring bird species.Conservation efforts should consider the specific needs of specialist species and strive to maintain or restore critical grassland habitats.Additionally,promoting sustainable agricultural practices that balance the needs of birds and human activities can contribute to the coexistence of generalist and specialist bird species in modified landscapes.
文摘Traditional hybrid crop breeding faces inefficiencies due to labor-intensive manual pollination-especially for crops like tomatoes and soybeans with complex flowers.Researchers at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,have developed GEAIR(Genome Editing with Artificial-Intelligence-based Robots),an AI-robotic system that pollinates gene-edited plants 24/7.
基金Supported by Key Educational Reform Project in Hunan University of Arts and Science(JGZD2237).
文摘Crop Breeding is a compulsory course for agriculture-related majors and serves as an important platform for cultivating talents in agriculture,rural areas and farmers.Curriculum ideological and political education in the course of Crop Breeding can not only impart professional knowledge to students,but also shape their correct outlook on life,world and values.Based on elaborating the necessity of integrating curriculum ideological and political education into the Crop Breeding course,this paper deeply explored ideological and political elements and achieved their organic integration with professional knowledge.Throughout the teaching process,the educational effect of combining professional knowledge instruction with ideological and political education has been achieved,thereby creating new pathways for ideological and political development in the Crop Breeding course.While enabling students to learn and master basic theories,developmental trends,and cutting-edge knowledge of the discipline,this approach enhances students sense of identity and belonging to the profession,cultivates their dedication to agriculture,rural areas,and farmers,and strengthens their sense of responsibility and historical mission in revitalizing agriculture.Therefore,it can foster high-quality agricultural talents for China s rural revitalization strategy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32172602,32472739)the Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(Grant No.221100110400)+3 种基金the Funding of Joint Research on Agricultural Varietie Improvement of Henan Province(Grant No.2022010503)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(Grant No.242300421030)the Key Scientifc and Technological Project of Henan Province(Grant Nos.242102111124,242102111115)the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region(2023B02017-2).
文摘Genotyping by Target Sequencing(GBTS)technology,known for its flexibility,high efficiency,high throughput,and low cost,has been increasingly employed in molecular breeding.However,there is still limited study on the design and development of high-throughput genotyping tools in watermelon.In this study,we identified 112000 high quality SNPs by analyzing the resequencing data of 43 cultivated watermelon accessions.11921 and 6094 SNPs were selected for developing two sets of watermelon liquid-phase chips with different marker densities,named Watermelon 10K and 5K,respectively.Furthermore,the SNPs and Indels of most mapped gene/QTLs for many agronomic important traits in watermelon were also integrated into the two chips for foreground selection.These chips have been tested using GBTS technology in various applications in watermelon.The genotyping of 76 accessions by Watermelon 5K liquid-phase chip showed an average detection rate of 99.28%and 81.78%for cultivated and wild watermelon accessions,respectively.This provided enough markers information for GWAS and two significant QTLs,ssc1.1 and ssc1.2,associated with soluble sugar content were detected.Furthermore,BSA-seq analysis for non-lobed leaf and dwarf traits were validated by liquid-phase chips,and the candidate region was consistent with our previous studies.Additionally,we precisely introduced the Cldw1 and Clbl genes into an elite inbred line WT2 using Watermelon 5K for assisted selection,resulting in the development of three new germplasm with good plant architecture.As a high-throughput genotyping liquid-phase SNP array,the Watermelon 10K and 5K chips will greatly facilitate functional studies and molecular breeding in watermelon.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(grant number 23-24-00042).
文摘Dispersal is an important life history trait with signifcant consequences for spatially structured populations,as the exchange of individuals between habitat patches is crucial for maintaining metapopulation connectivity.In this study,we used a long-term data set(2005–2023)to describe dispersal patterns in a patchy population of the Western Yellow Wagtail Motacilla fava within a large(approximately 1,300 km2)study area in the boreal zone of European Russia.We quantifed dispersal distances for birds that dispersed outside their natal or breeding habitat patches and applied a multistate capture–recapture approach to estimate natal and breeding dispersal probabilities.Of 395 adult wagtails and 1,610 nestlings ringed,3%of birds ringed as adults and 3%of birds ringed as nestlings were resighted outside their natal or breeding patches.The probability of natal dispersal(0.29±0.05)was signifcantly higher than the probability of breeding dispersal(0.05±0.01).The median natal dispersal distances(2.8 km for males,3.9 km for females)were the same as the median breeding dispersal distances(2.7 km for males,3.9 km for females).We did not fnd a signifcant effect of the fedging date on either the natal dispersal distance or the natal dispersal probability.Similarly,we did not fnd a signifcant effect of the previous reproductive success on either the breeding dispersal distance or the breeding dispersal probability.Our results indicate that strong breeding site fdelity and short-distance natal dispersal are the dominant dispersal strategies in a patchy population of the western yellow wagtail.
基金supported by Jilin Provincial Department of Education(JKH20230394KJ).
文摘Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequences(CRISPR)and their accompanying proteins(Cas),commonly presenting in bacteria and archaea,make up the CRISPR/Cas system.As one of the funda-mental sources of nutrition for humans,edible crops play a crucial role in ensuring global food security.CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing has been applied to improve many crop traits,such as increasing nitrogen utilization efficiency,creating male sterile germplasm,and regulating tiller and spikelet formation.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the use of CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology in crop genomes,covering the targeted genes,the types of editing that take place,the mechanism of action.Finally,we also discussed the efficiency of gene editing and pointed the future direction on how to speed up crop molecular breeding,increase breeding effectiveness,and produce more new crop varieties with high qualities.
基金funded by the Research Organization for Agricultural and Food,the National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN),and Universitas Gadjah Mada.
文摘Rice,as a primary commodity,needs to be increased in production while facing the sustainability challenges of limited land,water resources,and climate change.The demand for rice productivity was not enough to rely only on the fertile fields’ability;it is necessary to consider the rainfed land potential.Cultivation in rainfed land involves biophysical pressure,lowproduction,and limited access to superior varieties.Participatory rice breeding aimed to identify farmers’trait preferences and develop acceptable lines.A bottom-up approach involved 203 farmers from four rainfed fields in Indonesia,i.e.,Semarang-Central Java,Kulon Progo-Yogyakarta,Tabanan-Bali,andGunungkidul-Yogyakarta.The experiment on February-June 2024 tested six lines(G2,G3,G4,G5,G9,and G10)and four varieties(Situ Bagendit,Gamagora7,Inpari IRNutri Zinc,and Inpago12 Agritan).Farmers’involvement in evaluating the suitability of genotypes involved using Multidimensional Scaling and Importance-Performance Analysis.Breeders added comprehensive analysis in the growing environment with Genotype Environment Interaction,and key attributes of leverage analysis from farmers must be considered.Genotype performance in the Multidimensional Scaling feasibility indicated that yield primary determinants were panicle type,disease resistance,leaf characteristics,and environmental resilience.Importance Performance Analysis verified that G3,G9,G2,and G4 had a preference at the farm level.Genotype Environment Interaction reveals that G3,G4,and G2 were ideal lines with high potential yields,suitability,and adaptability on rainfed land.Participatory rice breeding in rainfed land integrates farmers’assessments and breeders’observations to realize the most preferred genotypes according to the challenges for sustainable agriculture.
基金Supported by Central Government Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development(24ZYQF002)Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(24ZDNF001)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program"Exploration and Utilization of Disease-and Pest-Resistant and High-Yield Gene Resources in Maize"(2022YDF1201800)Key Laboratory of Mechanized Maize Variety Creation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.
文摘The intensification of global warming has led to the continuous outbreak of southern rust(Puccinia polysora Underw.)in major maize-producing regions worldwide.The severe outbreak in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize region of China in 2021 caused yield losses exceeding 50%in some plots,and this disease has been included in the List of Key Crop Pests and Diseases.This paper systematically reviews the molecular resistance mechanisms of maize to southern rust,focusing on the immune mechanisms mediated by NLR family genes and the characteristics of the Bin 10.01 resistance gene cluster;it summarizes the advances in research of molecular breeding technologies such as gene marker development,map-based cloning,and gene editing;combined with the disease characteristics of the spring-sown maize region in Southwest China and the summer-sown maize region in Huang-Huai-Hai,it elaborates on regionally adapted prevention and control strategies;integrating breeding practices of Dunhuang Seed Industry Group(e.g.,Dunyu 810 and Dunyan 616),it proposes a full-chain solution of"precision gene pyramiding-heterotic group utilization-regional promotion".It is expected to provide theoretical and technical references for molecular breeding of maize resistance to southern rust.
