The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation backgroun...The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation background and strong tectonic activity have led to the simultaneous production of heavy oil and light oil from multi-layer in the area,which makes it very difficult to identify oil origins,presently,the hot debate on the oil origins needs to be clarified.In this paper,due to the selective consumption of different types of compounds in crude oils by severe and intense biodegradation,the commonly used oilsource correlation tools are ineffective or may produce misleading results,this study adopted a biomarker recovery method based on the principle of mass conservation that uses the sum of the mass of the residual biomarkers and their corresponding biodegradation products to obtain the mass of the original biomarkers,improving the reliability of oil origins determination.Based on the nature and occurrence of crude oils,the investigated oils are subdivided into three types,Group A,Group B and Group C.Group A,light oils occurred mainly in lower structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift,while Group B,heavy oils occurred mainly in higher structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift.The two types of crude oils may come from the mixed source of Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)and Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation source rocks(E_(2-3)a)in the Sikeshu Sag,and Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)are the main source of crude oils.Group C,heavy oils occurred mainly in Neogene Shawan Formation in the eastern Chepaizi Uplift,showing good correlation with the Permian(P_(1)f and P_(2)w)source rocks in the Shawan Sag.At the same time,by combining stable carbon isotope and parameters related to triaromatic steroids,the accuracy of the oilsource correlation results by biomarker recovery method was further verified.展开更多
Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships w...Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships with antioxidant activity and oxidative stability,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the associated fatty acid profiles.The antioxidant activity of vegetable oils,based on their DPPH-scavenging capacity(expressed as IC_(50) values),was used to assess their impact on human health,and their oxidative stability was characterized by performing lipid oxidation analysis to determine the oxidative induction time of fats and oils.In addition,correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the fatty acid composition of the oils and DPPH-scavenging capacity and oxidative stability.The results revealed that among the assessed oils,coffee seed oil has the highest saturated fatty acid content(355.10 mg/g),whereas Garddenia jaminoides oil has the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(844.84 mg/g).Coffee seed oil was also found have the lowest DPPH IC_(50) value(2.30 mg/mL)and the longest oxidation induction time(17.09 h).Correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship(P<0.05)between oxidative stability and unsaturated fatty acid content,with lower contents tending to be associated with better oxidative stability.The findings of this study provide reference data for the screening of functional edible vegetable oils.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of baobab seed washing and origin on the chemical composition of the oil extracted by pressing. Six (6) oil samples were obtained from seeds of three (3) geogra...The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of baobab seed washing and origin on the chemical composition of the oil extracted by pressing. Six (6) oil samples were obtained from seeds of three (3) geographical origins. The identification and quantification of fatty acids and the polyphenolic profile were carried out by GC-MS and HPLC-UV, respectively. Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters allowed the identification and quantification of 18 fatty acids. Oils from unwashed seeds were richer in palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1) and arachidic (C20:0) acids. In addition, HPLC-UV analysis at 279 nm shows that oils from unwashed seeds are richer in tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and caffeic acid. With regard to the polyphenolic profile, gallic acid and quercetin were not detected in these baobab oils. Principal component analysis of fatty acid and phenolic compound content showed that oils from unwashed seeds would best preserve their chemical and associated potential bioactive characteristics.展开更多
Rationale: The contamination of soil with crude oil poses significant environmental and ecological threats. Bioremediation, particularly through the use of organisms like Pleurotus ostreatus (mushroom) and Eisenia fet...Rationale: The contamination of soil with crude oil poses significant environmental and ecological threats. Bioremediation, particularly through the use of organisms like Pleurotus ostreatus (mushroom) and Eisenia fetida (earthworm), has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate crude oil pollution. Understanding the effectiveness of these organisms in reducing hydrocarbon levels in contaminated soil is crucial for devising sustainable remediation strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Pleurotus ostreatus and Eisenia fetida in remediating crude oil-polluted soil. Specifically, it sought to assess the hydrocarbon profiles in soil treated with these organisms across varying concentrations of crude oil pollution. Method: Crude oil concentration levels ranging from 0% to 10% were applied to soil samples alongside control treatments, including soil only, soil with earthworms, and soil with mushrooms. Each treatment was replicated five times using a randomized complete block design. Standard methods were employed to determine the hydrocarbon contents of the soil. Results: The results indicated a significant increase (P Pleurotus ostreatus and Eisenia fetida exhibited noteworthy reductions in these hydrocarbon levels. At the three-month mark, mushrooms demonstrated a remarkable ability to reduce hydrocarbon content by 70% - 90% compared to the pollution treatment. In contrast, earthworms exhibited minimal potential for hydrocarbon reduction, particularly at both three and six-month intervals. For instance, TOC reduction reached a maximum of 96% with mushroom treatment and 85% with earthworm treatment at 5% crude oil pollution over six months. Conclusion: The findings highlight the effectiveness of Pleurotus ostreatus in significantly reducing hydrocarbon levels in crude oil-polluted soil compared to Eisenia fetida. Mushroom-treated soils consistently exhibited substantial reductions in TOC, TPH, TOG, PAH, and THC over the study period, suggesting their potential as a viable bioremediation agent. In contrast, while earthworms showed some capability in reducing hydrocarbon content, their effectiveness was comparatively limited. Recommendation: Based on the results, it is recommended to utilize Pleurotus ostreatus for the bioremediation of crude oil-polluted soils. Further research could explore optimizing remediation protocols involving mushroom-based treatments for enhanced efficiency. Statement of Significance: This study contributes valuable insights into the application of bioremediation techniques for mitigating crude oil contamination in soil. The demonstrated efficacy of Pleurotus ostreatus underscores its potential as a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for remediating hydrocarbon-polluted environments, offering a promising avenue for environmental restoration and conservation efforts.展开更多
The rising risk of synthetic preservatives as antimicrobial agent has increased,leading to potential allergic reactions,intoxications,cancer,and other degenerative diseases.As a result,essential oils(EOs),recognized a...The rising risk of synthetic preservatives as antimicrobial agent has increased,leading to potential allergic reactions,intoxications,cancer,and other degenerative diseases.As a result,essential oils(EOs),recognized as natural antimicrobial agents due to their extensive antibacterial properties,have gained attention.However,their industrial applicability is hindered by challenges such as volatility,poor water solubility,oxidation potential,photodegradation,and thermal instability.Nano-encapsulation has emerged as a transformative solution for delivering essential oils,enhancing their stability,bioavailability,and targeted administration.This review explores the use of nano-encapsulated essential oils in combating bacteria,focusing on their mechanisms of action and potential advancements for the food preservation industry.Various nano-encapsulation methods,including liposomes,nanoemulsions,polymeric nanoparticles,and biopolymers like chitosan and alginate,have shown promise in overcoming the limitations associated with EOs.展开更多
Nano-silica grease(NSG),an innovative lubricant,is commonly synthesized using base oil thickened with SiO_(2),the choice of appropriate base oil is crucial for obtaining superior performance NSG.Herein,a series of alk...Nano-silica grease(NSG),an innovative lubricant,is commonly synthesized using base oil thickened with SiO_(2),the choice of appropriate base oil is crucial for obtaining superior performance NSG.Herein,a series of alkylnaphthalene(AN)base oils with different side-chain lengths were synthesized through the alkylation reaction between naphthalene andα-olefin.We first reported the synthesis of NSGs based on the AN base oils,and investigated the influence of the synthetic AN base oils on the rheological behaviors and tribological characteristics of the resulted NSGs.The results indicated that the structural strength of the grease increased as the alkyl chain length rose because it reinforced the contact between the alkylnaphthalene base oil and nano-silica thickener.Meanwhile,tribological tests were conducted to examine the effect of various AN base oils on the lubricating performance of the formed NSGs.The tested results showed that increasing the side chain length of the AN could elevate the friction-reducing and anti-wear properties of the NSG.展开更多
Sulphur(S)is essential for the quality of oilseed crops,ranking as the fourth major nutrient after nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K).While crops need sulphur in slightly lower amounts than phosphorus,maintain...Sulphur(S)is essential for the quality of oilseed crops,ranking as the fourth major nutrient after nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K).While crops need sulphur in slightly lower amounts than phosphorus,maintaining optimum sulphur levels is crucial for oilseed yield and quality.Factors such as sulphur dynamics,impact of deficiency,application methods,and climate change must be addressed to improve agricultural practices.In South Asian countries like India,Pakistan,and Bangladesh,oilseeds are vital to the agricultural economy,supporting food security,livelihoods,and economic growth.However,climate change,marginal land cultivation,and a shift to more profitable crops like wheat and maize have led to a decline in oilseed productivity.Sulphur is particularly important for vital plant functions,including protein synthesis,chlorophyll formation,and resistance to abiotic stress.Proper management of sulphur can significantly enhance the yield,oil content,and seed quality.Sulphur fertilization improves crop resilience to pests,diseases,and environmental stresses,resulting in healthier plants.To optimize oilseed production,best practices for sulphur management like integrated nutrient management,regular soil testing,and the strategic application of sulphur-enriched fertilizers must be adopted.Despite its significance,many South Asian soils suffer from sulphur deficiency due to inadequate replenishment and reliance on high-analysis fertilizers.By enhancing sulphur availability,oilseed producers can significantly increase crop yields,improve oil content,and promote overall plant health,contributing to the agricultural economy and food security in the region.This manuscript aims to evaluate the critical role of sulphur in enhancing the yield,oil quality,and stress resilience of oilseed crops in South Asia.展开更多
Flaxseed oil,a key source of plant-based ω-3α-linolenic acid,is susceptible to oxidation and hazardous substance formation during refining and storage.This study evaluated the effects of refining stages(crude,degumm...Flaxseed oil,a key source of plant-based ω-3α-linolenic acid,is susceptible to oxidation and hazardous substance formation during refining and storage.This study evaluated the effects of refining stages(crude,degumming,complete refining)on aldehydes,trans fatty acids,and oxidative stability in flaxseed oil.The results indicate that heat-pressed oil has dark color with high a*and b*values,but exhibits the relatively highest oxidative stability during the oxidation process.However,compared to cold-pressing,heat-pressing promotes the generation of three additional aldehydes,butenal,nonanal,and trans,trans-2,4-decadienal.Degumming optimizes the color of crude oil while maintaining α-linolenic acid.In contrast,complete refining(degumming,deacidification,bleaching,and deodorization)caused the loss of substantial carotenoids and polyphenols,and α-linolenic acid decreased by 3.48%–4.47%,as well as a large amount of production of trans fatty acids.In addition,complete refining not only leads to the formation of newborn acrolein and trans-2-nominal but also results in a significant increase in most aldehydes concentration.This study provides a reference for the processing of flaxseed oil when considering the formation of hazardous substances induced by the oxidation and isomerization of polyunsaturated fatty acids.展开更多
The development of alternative therapies to treat chicken coccidiosis has become a hot topic because of the widespread use of conventional medicines.This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eugenol in trea...The development of alternative therapies to treat chicken coccidiosis has become a hot topic because of the widespread use of conventional medicines.This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eugenol in treating Eimeria tenella infection in broilers.Broiers,at the age of 14 d,were orally infected with sporulated Eimeria tenella oocysts,and then,eugenol essential oil was added to chicken feed at three different dosages(0.1,0.2 or 0.4 g/kg).The anticoccidial effects of eugenol essential oil were assessed using the anticoccidial index(ACI).As a result,eugenol exhibited a moderate anticoccidial effect,with an ACI of 167.37 at 0.2 g/kg.After eugenol treatment,the expression of occludin in the epithelial cells of the chicken cecum was significantly greater(P<0.05)than that in the epithelial cells of the nontreated control(IC)group.The proportion of intestinal Lactobacillus_agilli increased.Eugenol therapy dramatically increased the activity of superoxide dismutase.After high-dose treatment,the expression of the proinflammatory factors IL-1βand IL-6 significantly decreased,while the expression of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γsignificantly increased.The safety of eugenol essential oil was evaluated at the 1,3 or 6 recommended doses.Overall,no significant differences were detected in the blood tests or serum biochemistry of the chickens between the treatment groups and the control group.As a result,eugenol essential oil can cure chicken coccidiosis by improving the intestinal microbial structure in the chicken cecum and decreasing the cecum's inflammatory reactions,thus strengthening immune function and eventually demonstrating anticoccidial properties.展开更多
The increasing prevalence of multiple adulteration in olive oil affects product authenticity and market integrity.Therefore,it is necessary to develop advanced methods to detect the multiple adulteration.In this study...The increasing prevalence of multiple adulteration in olive oil affects product authenticity and market integrity.Therefore,it is necessary to develop advanced methods to detect the multiple adulteration.In this study,a portable Raman spectrometer was employed to address this issue,with adulterant mixtures using a D-optimal mixture design to ensure representative samples.The results showed that principal component analysis(PCA)was unable to distinguish authentic olive oils from adulterated ones,whereas partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)successfully differentiated the two groups.These findings demonstrated the technical feasibility of combining Raman spectroscopy with PLS-DA to detect multiple adulteration in olive oil,offering a promising method for portable,rapid authentication to counter increasingly sophisticated fraud in the edible oil industry.展开更多
As an important component of light hydrocarbon compounds,alkylbenzene compounds lack indicators to indicate the source of organic matter of light oils and condensates.Forty-one oil samples from the Tarim Basin and Bei...As an important component of light hydrocarbon compounds,alkylbenzene compounds lack indicators to indicate the source of organic matter of light oils and condensates.Forty-one oil samples from the Tarim Basin and Beibuwan Basin were analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS).The concentration distributions of thirteen light hydrocarbon compounds with organic matter source and sedimentary environment indication were studied.There is no significant difference in the concentrations of 1-methylpropylbenzene(MPB)in all studied oils.However,the concentrations of 2-MPB in the Tarim swamp oils are higher than that in the Beibuwan lacustrine oils and Tarim marine oils.Based on the significant concentration difference of 1-and 2-MPB in all studied oils,1-/2-MPB(MPBr)was proposed as an indicator to identify the source of organic matter in crude oils.The MPBr values greater than 1.5 indicate that the crude oil mainly comes from lower aquatic organisms,bacteria,and algae.The MPBr values greater than 1.0 and less than 1.5 indicate that crude oil was derived from the combined contributions of lower aquatic organisms,bacteria and algae,and terrestrial higher plants.The MPBr values less than 1.0 suggest that the crude oil was mainly derived from terrigenous higher plants.The MPBr values in crude oils basically are not or slightly affected by depositional environment and secondary alteration.The MPBr values can be used to infer the organic matter origin in sediments,especially for the lack of biomarkers of light oils and condensates.展开更多
In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results ...In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results indicated that tPTNs exhibited great antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,with minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL,respectively.Also,the antibacterial effects of tPTNs were concentration-dependent.We observed a significant decrease in the absolute value of the zeta potential,and significant increases in particle size,cell membrane hydrophobicity,conductivity,the release of metal ions,and the leakage of nucleic acid as the concentration of tPTNs increased from 0 mg/mL to MBC.Furthermore,sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)demonstrated that protein synthesis was inhibited or even disrupted.Analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)indicated that treatment with tPTNs caused significant changes in bacterial metabolites,1117 and 692 differential metabolites being found for S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The differential metabolites were involved in nucleotide metabolism,amino acid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolic pathways.These findings provide valuable insights for the application of thyme essential oil as an efficient antibacterial agent and for the understanding of its mechanism of action.展开更多
Background:In today’s context,vegetable oils,commonly used in culinary practices such as frying and baking,are integral to numerous daily dietary choices.Palm oil,a frequently employed vegetable oil,raises concerns s...Background:In today’s context,vegetable oils,commonly used in culinary practices such as frying and baking,are integral to numerous daily dietary choices.Palm oil,a frequently employed vegetable oil,raises concerns surrounding food safety,thus presenting a significant challenge.Methods:This research aims to enhance consumer awareness regarding the potential health risks associated with 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol(3-MCPD)and glycidyl fatty acid esters(GEs)commonly found in food and edible oil products.The study endeavours to apprise consumers of these health risks through a comprehensive survey.The survey enlisted the participation of 120 respondents within the age bracket of 18 years to those above 36 years(capped at 50 years).Results:Strikingly,a significant proportion,ranging from 88%to 89%,demonstrated a lack of awareness concerning the potential risks associated with 3-MCPD and GEs in food products.Conclusion:This study underscores the urgency of augmenting consumer's awareness levels regarding 3-MCPD and GEs.Furthermore,it promotes a more detailed examination of Malaysian edible oils and food products available in the market to establish an appropriate Tolerable Daily Intake for the Malaysian population.This research contributes to the broader discourse on food safety and public health by highlighting these crucial facets.展开更多
Lemon oils are broadly used as flavoring agents in beverages,foods,cosmetics and pharmaceuticals,yet the adulteration of natural,particularly cold pressed lemon oils is very common in the industry due to its unmet dem...Lemon oils are broadly used as flavoring agents in beverages,foods,cosmetics and pharmaceuticals,yet the adulteration of natural,particularly cold pressed lemon oils is very common in the industry due to its unmet demand and high cost.Nowadays,most quality control(QC)analysis of lemon oils is conducted by gas chromatography(GC)analysis,which is far from a reliable method.Oxygen heterocyclic compounds(OHCs)in non-volatile fraction are gaining increasing attention in authentication process because of the nearly finger-printing profiles of OHCs in cold pressed citrus essential oils.Our goal in this study was to identify OHCs using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)in lemon oils,establish OHC profiles,perform stepwise logistic regression analysis(SLRA)and build effective predicting model and further determine adulterated lemon oils by referencing the OHC profiles and established models.After HPLC analyses,profiling and SLRA modeling of 154 OHCs samples of industrial lemon oils,we found that the combination of isopimpinellin and total OHC concentration are essential and robust predictors to differentiate authentic samples from adulterated lemon oils with a success rate of 98%from the 5-fold cross validation.This study provided a reliable and efficient method in determining the authenticity of lemon oils.展开更多
To improve the economic benefits and farmers’enthusiasm of Brassica napus production,this study compared the agronomic traits,economic traits,and incomes from vegetable and oilseed among five early maturing varieties...To improve the economic benefits and farmers’enthusiasm of Brassica napus production,this study compared the agronomic traits,economic traits,and incomes from vegetable and oilseed among five early maturing varieties of Brassica napus,thereby selecting the suitable materials for breeding the varieties for both vegetable and oil.The results showed that all of the five varieties had low erucic acid in oil and low glucosinolate in rapeseed meal.The economic benefits of the varieties for vegetable and oil were generally higher than those of the varieties for only oil.‘CNT01’had the best economic benefits,with the vegetable yield of 8175.3 kg/hm^(2),the rapeseed yield of 2476.5 kg/hm^(2),the vegetable income of 14859.0 yuan/hm^(2),the rapeseed income of 32701.2 yuan/hm^(2),and the net income of 35560.2 yuan/hm^(2).‘CNZ01’was selected as the variety with highest oil quality,with the rapeseed yield of 2712.6 kg/hm^(2) and the net income of 11775.6 yuan/hm^(2).In conclusion,‘CNT01’was selected as the variety for both vegetable and oil.展开更多
Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This re...Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This research presents a novel approach to creating and refining oil absorbent coatings,introducing a unique oil spill removal skimmer enhanced with a super hydrophobic polyaniline(PANI)nanofiber coating.The goal of this study was to improve oil absorption performance,increase the contact angle,lower drag,reduce energy consumption,achieve high desirability,and lower production costs.PANI treated with hydrochloric acid was a key focus as it resulted in higher porosity and smaller pore diameters,providing a larger surface area,which are crucial factors for boosting oil absorption and minimizing drag.To optimize optimal nanofiber morphology,PANI synthesized with methanesulfonic acid was first dedoped and then redoped with hydrochloric acid.After optimization,the most effective skimmer coating was achieved using a formulation consisting of 0.1%PANI,an ammonium persulfate/aniline ratio of 0.4,and an acid/aniline ratio of 9.689,along with redoped PANI nanofibers.The optimized skimmer exhibited a remarkable contact angle of 177.477°.The coating achieved drag reduction of 32%,oil absorption of 88.725%,a cost of$1.710,and a desirability rating of 78.5%.In this study,an optimized skimmer coat containing super hydrophobic coat-PANI nanofibers was fabricated.By enhancing contact angle and reducing drag,these coatings increased the skimmer performance by improving oil absorption and reducing fuel consumption.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade on retinal structure and function in patients undergoing silicone oil removal(SOR)after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal de...AIM:To investigate the effects of shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade on retinal structure and function in patients undergoing silicone oil removal(SOR)after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).METHODS:A total of 58 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups based on tamponade duration:the short-term group(30-45d)and the conventional group(≥90d).Comprehensive evaluations were performed before and after SOR,including slitlamp examination,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)measurement,intraocular pressure(IOP)testing,optical coherence tomography(OCT),optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),microperimetry,electroretinography(ERG),and visual evoked potential(VEP)assessment.RESULTS:A total of 33 patients(23 males and 10 females;33 eyes)were enrolled in the short-term SO tamponade group with mean age of 52.45±9.35y,and 25 patients(15 males and 10 females;25 eyes)were enrolled in the conventional SO tamponade group with mean age of 50.80±12.06y.Compared with the conventional group,the short-term silicone oil tamponade group had a significantly lower incidence of silicone oil emulsification and cataract progression,with no significant difference in retinal reattachment success rate.Structurally,short-term tamponade was associated with increased thickness of the retinal ganglion cell layer(RGCL)in the nasal and superior macular regions and improved recovery of superficial retinal vascular density in these areas.Functionally,the shortterm group showed better BCVA and retinal sensitivity both before and 1mo after SOR;additionally,the P100 amplitude in VEP tests was significantly increased in this group.CONCLUSION:Shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade effectively reduces damage to retinal structure and function without compromising the success rate of retinal reattachment in patients with primary RRD.展开更多
Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is...Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is the sesquiterpene hormone,occupies a pivotal role.A hypothesis has emerged that the exogenous application of ABA can positively influence the terpenoid content of Lavandula angustifolia cv Hidcote essential oil(EO),thereby conferring enhanced resilience to drought stress.A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replicationsandfour irrigation regimes,including I4[30%-40%of field capacity(FC)],I3(50%-60%FC),I2(70%-80%FC),andI1(90%-100%FC)as control.Application of ABAspraying included three concentrations,A3(30μmol·L^(-1)ABA),A2(15μmol·L^(-1)ABA),and A1 as control(distilled water).Results revealed that drought significantly affected all studied traits except for relative water content(RWC)and shoot dry mass.The ABA impact application on the observed traits was found to be dependent upon the level of drought to which the plants were exposed.Specifically,the highest levels of flavonoid content,total antioxidant activity,peroxidase(POX)activity,and EO percentage were observed under I4A2 conditions.Conversely,the highest levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity,and proline were recorded under I4A3 conditions,while the highest EO yield was obtained under I3A2 conditions.Analysis of the EO revealed that there were common indicative compounds across the varying levels of droughtandABAapplication,including linalool,camphor,borneol,bornyl formate,andcaryophyllene oxide.Theproduction pattern ofmonoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds demonstrated a distinct trend,with the highest concentration of monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds(average of 12.92%)being observed in the I2A3 treatment group,andthe highest concentration of oxygenatedmonoterpenecompounds(average of 64.76%)being recorded in the I1A1 group.Conversely,the most significant levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarboncompounds(14.98%)andoxygenated sesquiterpene compounds(10.46%)were observed in the I4A3 and I4A1 groups,respectively,showing the efficacy of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the action of ABA under drought conditions.The observed results indicated that the concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds decreases with an increase in drought level.Conversely,the application of ABA at any given drought level appears to resulted in increased concentrations of oxygenated monoterpene compounds in the same conditions.It may be concluded that plants under high-stress drought conditions allocate more terpene precursors to the production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds,aided by ABA with the same properties.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that the Eocene oil shale sequences in the Green River Basin contain long-period astronomical age information.The fine-scale chronological characteristics of the oil shale laminae remain la...Previous studies have shown that the Eocene oil shale sequences in the Green River Basin contain long-period astronomical age information.The fine-scale chronological characteristics of the oil shale laminae remain largely unexplored.We selected finely laminated oil shales formed in deep-water environments characterized by stable water column stratification as the primary focus of this study,using microscopy and micro-area X-ray fluorescence(μ-XRF)techniques.By integrating high-resolution elemental data with timeseries analysis,we identified significant periodic signals associated with solar activity(Hale and Schwabe cycles)and ENSO.The results indicate that the alternations of light and dark laminae in the Green River Formation oil shale correspond to alternating dry and wet climate regimes:the light laminae are dominated by carbonate minerals,reflecting drier and milder conditions,while the dark laminae are enriched in terrigenous clastics and organic matter,indicating periods of increased precipitation and warmer temperatures.The detected periodicities(23.5 years,13.3 years and 5.8 years)are highly consistent with modern observations,demonstrating that the lower Eocene Green River oil shale effectively records short-term solar activity and climate variability.Furthermore,our findings confirm that a persistent"permanent El Niño"state did not develop under Early Eocene greenhouse conditions,providing a refined chronological framework for highresolution paleoclimate studies during greenhouse intervals.展开更多
Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassi...Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.Therefore,this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75,150,and 225 kg N ha^(–1)) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism,lodging resistance,and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation,improved lodging resistance,and increased grain yield.Compared to the control (CK),the75–150 kg N ha^(–1) combined with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1) treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD),and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes,leading to a 29.63–43.30%increase in lignin content,improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index,and a 23.27–32.34%increase in grain yield.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis,thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities,gene expression,lodging resistance traits,and grain yield.In summary,the application of 75–150 kg N ha^(–1) in conjunction with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation,enhanced lodging resistance,and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu,China.Furthermore,this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.展开更多
基金co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372160,42072172)。
文摘The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation background and strong tectonic activity have led to the simultaneous production of heavy oil and light oil from multi-layer in the area,which makes it very difficult to identify oil origins,presently,the hot debate on the oil origins needs to be clarified.In this paper,due to the selective consumption of different types of compounds in crude oils by severe and intense biodegradation,the commonly used oilsource correlation tools are ineffective or may produce misleading results,this study adopted a biomarker recovery method based on the principle of mass conservation that uses the sum of the mass of the residual biomarkers and their corresponding biodegradation products to obtain the mass of the original biomarkers,improving the reliability of oil origins determination.Based on the nature and occurrence of crude oils,the investigated oils are subdivided into three types,Group A,Group B and Group C.Group A,light oils occurred mainly in lower structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift,while Group B,heavy oils occurred mainly in higher structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift.The two types of crude oils may come from the mixed source of Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)and Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation source rocks(E_(2-3)a)in the Sikeshu Sag,and Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)are the main source of crude oils.Group C,heavy oils occurred mainly in Neogene Shawan Formation in the eastern Chepaizi Uplift,showing good correlation with the Permian(P_(1)f and P_(2)w)source rocks in the Shawan Sag.At the same time,by combining stable carbon isotope and parameters related to triaromatic steroids,the accuracy of the oilsource correlation results by biomarker recovery method was further verified.
文摘Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships with antioxidant activity and oxidative stability,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the associated fatty acid profiles.The antioxidant activity of vegetable oils,based on their DPPH-scavenging capacity(expressed as IC_(50) values),was used to assess their impact on human health,and their oxidative stability was characterized by performing lipid oxidation analysis to determine the oxidative induction time of fats and oils.In addition,correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the fatty acid composition of the oils and DPPH-scavenging capacity and oxidative stability.The results revealed that among the assessed oils,coffee seed oil has the highest saturated fatty acid content(355.10 mg/g),whereas Garddenia jaminoides oil has the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(844.84 mg/g).Coffee seed oil was also found have the lowest DPPH IC_(50) value(2.30 mg/mL)and the longest oxidation induction time(17.09 h).Correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship(P<0.05)between oxidative stability and unsaturated fatty acid content,with lower contents tending to be associated with better oxidative stability.The findings of this study provide reference data for the screening of functional edible vegetable oils.
文摘The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of baobab seed washing and origin on the chemical composition of the oil extracted by pressing. Six (6) oil samples were obtained from seeds of three (3) geographical origins. The identification and quantification of fatty acids and the polyphenolic profile were carried out by GC-MS and HPLC-UV, respectively. Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters allowed the identification and quantification of 18 fatty acids. Oils from unwashed seeds were richer in palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1) and arachidic (C20:0) acids. In addition, HPLC-UV analysis at 279 nm shows that oils from unwashed seeds are richer in tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and caffeic acid. With regard to the polyphenolic profile, gallic acid and quercetin were not detected in these baobab oils. Principal component analysis of fatty acid and phenolic compound content showed that oils from unwashed seeds would best preserve their chemical and associated potential bioactive characteristics.
文摘Rationale: The contamination of soil with crude oil poses significant environmental and ecological threats. Bioremediation, particularly through the use of organisms like Pleurotus ostreatus (mushroom) and Eisenia fetida (earthworm), has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate crude oil pollution. Understanding the effectiveness of these organisms in reducing hydrocarbon levels in contaminated soil is crucial for devising sustainable remediation strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Pleurotus ostreatus and Eisenia fetida in remediating crude oil-polluted soil. Specifically, it sought to assess the hydrocarbon profiles in soil treated with these organisms across varying concentrations of crude oil pollution. Method: Crude oil concentration levels ranging from 0% to 10% were applied to soil samples alongside control treatments, including soil only, soil with earthworms, and soil with mushrooms. Each treatment was replicated five times using a randomized complete block design. Standard methods were employed to determine the hydrocarbon contents of the soil. Results: The results indicated a significant increase (P Pleurotus ostreatus and Eisenia fetida exhibited noteworthy reductions in these hydrocarbon levels. At the three-month mark, mushrooms demonstrated a remarkable ability to reduce hydrocarbon content by 70% - 90% compared to the pollution treatment. In contrast, earthworms exhibited minimal potential for hydrocarbon reduction, particularly at both three and six-month intervals. For instance, TOC reduction reached a maximum of 96% with mushroom treatment and 85% with earthworm treatment at 5% crude oil pollution over six months. Conclusion: The findings highlight the effectiveness of Pleurotus ostreatus in significantly reducing hydrocarbon levels in crude oil-polluted soil compared to Eisenia fetida. Mushroom-treated soils consistently exhibited substantial reductions in TOC, TPH, TOG, PAH, and THC over the study period, suggesting their potential as a viable bioremediation agent. In contrast, while earthworms showed some capability in reducing hydrocarbon content, their effectiveness was comparatively limited. Recommendation: Based on the results, it is recommended to utilize Pleurotus ostreatus for the bioremediation of crude oil-polluted soils. Further research could explore optimizing remediation protocols involving mushroom-based treatments for enhanced efficiency. Statement of Significance: This study contributes valuable insights into the application of bioremediation techniques for mitigating crude oil contamination in soil. The demonstrated efficacy of Pleurotus ostreatus underscores its potential as a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for remediating hydrocarbon-polluted environments, offering a promising avenue for environmental restoration and conservation efforts.
文摘The rising risk of synthetic preservatives as antimicrobial agent has increased,leading to potential allergic reactions,intoxications,cancer,and other degenerative diseases.As a result,essential oils(EOs),recognized as natural antimicrobial agents due to their extensive antibacterial properties,have gained attention.However,their industrial applicability is hindered by challenges such as volatility,poor water solubility,oxidation potential,photodegradation,and thermal instability.Nano-encapsulation has emerged as a transformative solution for delivering essential oils,enhancing their stability,bioavailability,and targeted administration.This review explores the use of nano-encapsulated essential oils in combating bacteria,focusing on their mechanisms of action and potential advancements for the food preservation industry.Various nano-encapsulation methods,including liposomes,nanoemulsions,polymeric nanoparticles,and biopolymers like chitosan and alginate,have shown promise in overcoming the limitations associated with EOs.
基金financial support by Shanxi Province Basic Research Program Joint Funding Project(Lu'an)(202403011242003)National Natural Science Foundation(U1910202)the Special fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province(201705D131028-9)are gratefully acknowledged。
文摘Nano-silica grease(NSG),an innovative lubricant,is commonly synthesized using base oil thickened with SiO_(2),the choice of appropriate base oil is crucial for obtaining superior performance NSG.Herein,a series of alkylnaphthalene(AN)base oils with different side-chain lengths were synthesized through the alkylation reaction between naphthalene andα-olefin.We first reported the synthesis of NSGs based on the AN base oils,and investigated the influence of the synthetic AN base oils on the rheological behaviors and tribological characteristics of the resulted NSGs.The results indicated that the structural strength of the grease increased as the alkyl chain length rose because it reinforced the contact between the alkylnaphthalene base oil and nano-silica thickener.Meanwhile,tribological tests were conducted to examine the effect of various AN base oils on the lubricating performance of the formed NSGs.The tested results showed that increasing the side chain length of the AN could elevate the friction-reducing and anti-wear properties of the NSG.
文摘Sulphur(S)is essential for the quality of oilseed crops,ranking as the fourth major nutrient after nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K).While crops need sulphur in slightly lower amounts than phosphorus,maintaining optimum sulphur levels is crucial for oilseed yield and quality.Factors such as sulphur dynamics,impact of deficiency,application methods,and climate change must be addressed to improve agricultural practices.In South Asian countries like India,Pakistan,and Bangladesh,oilseeds are vital to the agricultural economy,supporting food security,livelihoods,and economic growth.However,climate change,marginal land cultivation,and a shift to more profitable crops like wheat and maize have led to a decline in oilseed productivity.Sulphur is particularly important for vital plant functions,including protein synthesis,chlorophyll formation,and resistance to abiotic stress.Proper management of sulphur can significantly enhance the yield,oil content,and seed quality.Sulphur fertilization improves crop resilience to pests,diseases,and environmental stresses,resulting in healthier plants.To optimize oilseed production,best practices for sulphur management like integrated nutrient management,regular soil testing,and the strategic application of sulphur-enriched fertilizers must be adopted.Despite its significance,many South Asian soils suffer from sulphur deficiency due to inadequate replenishment and reliance on high-analysis fertilizers.By enhancing sulphur availability,oilseed producers can significantly increase crop yields,improve oil content,and promote overall plant health,contributing to the agricultural economy and food security in the region.This manuscript aims to evaluate the critical role of sulphur in enhancing the yield,oil quality,and stress resilience of oilseed crops in South Asia.
文摘Flaxseed oil,a key source of plant-based ω-3α-linolenic acid,is susceptible to oxidation and hazardous substance formation during refining and storage.This study evaluated the effects of refining stages(crude,degumming,complete refining)on aldehydes,trans fatty acids,and oxidative stability in flaxseed oil.The results indicate that heat-pressed oil has dark color with high a*and b*values,but exhibits the relatively highest oxidative stability during the oxidation process.However,compared to cold-pressing,heat-pressing promotes the generation of three additional aldehydes,butenal,nonanal,and trans,trans-2,4-decadienal.Degumming optimizes the color of crude oil while maintaining α-linolenic acid.In contrast,complete refining(degumming,deacidification,bleaching,and deodorization)caused the loss of substantial carotenoids and polyphenols,and α-linolenic acid decreased by 3.48%–4.47%,as well as a large amount of production of trans fatty acids.In addition,complete refining not only leads to the formation of newborn acrolein and trans-2-nominal but also results in a significant increase in most aldehydes concentration.This study provides a reference for the processing of flaxseed oil when considering the formation of hazardous substances induced by the oxidation and isomerization of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0501303).
文摘The development of alternative therapies to treat chicken coccidiosis has become a hot topic because of the widespread use of conventional medicines.This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eugenol in treating Eimeria tenella infection in broilers.Broiers,at the age of 14 d,were orally infected with sporulated Eimeria tenella oocysts,and then,eugenol essential oil was added to chicken feed at three different dosages(0.1,0.2 or 0.4 g/kg).The anticoccidial effects of eugenol essential oil were assessed using the anticoccidial index(ACI).As a result,eugenol exhibited a moderate anticoccidial effect,with an ACI of 167.37 at 0.2 g/kg.After eugenol treatment,the expression of occludin in the epithelial cells of the chicken cecum was significantly greater(P<0.05)than that in the epithelial cells of the nontreated control(IC)group.The proportion of intestinal Lactobacillus_agilli increased.Eugenol therapy dramatically increased the activity of superoxide dismutase.After high-dose treatment,the expression of the proinflammatory factors IL-1βand IL-6 significantly decreased,while the expression of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γsignificantly increased.The safety of eugenol essential oil was evaluated at the 1,3 or 6 recommended doses.Overall,no significant differences were detected in the blood tests or serum biochemistry of the chickens between the treatment groups and the control group.As a result,eugenol essential oil can cure chicken coccidiosis by improving the intestinal microbial structure in the chicken cecum and decreasing the cecum's inflammatory reactions,thus strengthening immune function and eventually demonstrating anticoccidial properties.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFD1600101)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12 and CARS-13)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2025-OCRI)。
文摘The increasing prevalence of multiple adulteration in olive oil affects product authenticity and market integrity.Therefore,it is necessary to develop advanced methods to detect the multiple adulteration.In this study,a portable Raman spectrometer was employed to address this issue,with adulterant mixtures using a D-optimal mixture design to ensure representative samples.The results showed that principal component analysis(PCA)was unable to distinguish authentic olive oils from adulterated ones,whereas partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)successfully differentiated the two groups.These findings demonstrated the technical feasibility of combining Raman spectroscopy with PLS-DA to detect multiple adulteration in olive oil,offering a promising method for portable,rapid authentication to counter increasingly sophisticated fraud in the edible oil industry.
基金supported by Doctor's Scientific Research Initiation Project of Yan'an University(YAU202213093)National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41503029).
文摘As an important component of light hydrocarbon compounds,alkylbenzene compounds lack indicators to indicate the source of organic matter of light oils and condensates.Forty-one oil samples from the Tarim Basin and Beibuwan Basin were analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS).The concentration distributions of thirteen light hydrocarbon compounds with organic matter source and sedimentary environment indication were studied.There is no significant difference in the concentrations of 1-methylpropylbenzene(MPB)in all studied oils.However,the concentrations of 2-MPB in the Tarim swamp oils are higher than that in the Beibuwan lacustrine oils and Tarim marine oils.Based on the significant concentration difference of 1-and 2-MPB in all studied oils,1-/2-MPB(MPBr)was proposed as an indicator to identify the source of organic matter in crude oils.The MPBr values greater than 1.5 indicate that the crude oil mainly comes from lower aquatic organisms,bacteria,and algae.The MPBr values greater than 1.0 and less than 1.5 indicate that crude oil was derived from the combined contributions of lower aquatic organisms,bacteria and algae,and terrestrial higher plants.The MPBr values less than 1.0 suggest that the crude oil was mainly derived from terrigenous higher plants.The MPBr values in crude oils basically are not or slightly affected by depositional environment and secondary alteration.The MPBr values can be used to infer the organic matter origin in sediments,especially for the lack of biomarkers of light oils and condensates.
文摘In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results indicated that tPTNs exhibited great antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,with minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL,respectively.Also,the antibacterial effects of tPTNs were concentration-dependent.We observed a significant decrease in the absolute value of the zeta potential,and significant increases in particle size,cell membrane hydrophobicity,conductivity,the release of metal ions,and the leakage of nucleic acid as the concentration of tPTNs increased from 0 mg/mL to MBC.Furthermore,sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)demonstrated that protein synthesis was inhibited or even disrupted.Analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)indicated that treatment with tPTNs caused significant changes in bacterial metabolites,1117 and 692 differential metabolites being found for S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The differential metabolites were involved in nucleotide metabolism,amino acid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolic pathways.These findings provide valuable insights for the application of thyme essential oil as an efficient antibacterial agent and for the understanding of its mechanism of action.
文摘Background:In today’s context,vegetable oils,commonly used in culinary practices such as frying and baking,are integral to numerous daily dietary choices.Palm oil,a frequently employed vegetable oil,raises concerns surrounding food safety,thus presenting a significant challenge.Methods:This research aims to enhance consumer awareness regarding the potential health risks associated with 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol(3-MCPD)and glycidyl fatty acid esters(GEs)commonly found in food and edible oil products.The study endeavours to apprise consumers of these health risks through a comprehensive survey.The survey enlisted the participation of 120 respondents within the age bracket of 18 years to those above 36 years(capped at 50 years).Results:Strikingly,a significant proportion,ranging from 88%to 89%,demonstrated a lack of awareness concerning the potential risks associated with 3-MCPD and GEs in food products.Conclusion:This study underscores the urgency of augmenting consumer's awareness levels regarding 3-MCPD and GEs.Furthermore,it promotes a more detailed examination of Malaysian edible oils and food products available in the market to establish an appropriate Tolerable Daily Intake for the Malaysian population.This research contributes to the broader discourse on food safety and public health by highlighting these crucial facets.
文摘Lemon oils are broadly used as flavoring agents in beverages,foods,cosmetics and pharmaceuticals,yet the adulteration of natural,particularly cold pressed lemon oils is very common in the industry due to its unmet demand and high cost.Nowadays,most quality control(QC)analysis of lemon oils is conducted by gas chromatography(GC)analysis,which is far from a reliable method.Oxygen heterocyclic compounds(OHCs)in non-volatile fraction are gaining increasing attention in authentication process because of the nearly finger-printing profiles of OHCs in cold pressed citrus essential oils.Our goal in this study was to identify OHCs using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)in lemon oils,establish OHC profiles,perform stepwise logistic regression analysis(SLRA)and build effective predicting model and further determine adulterated lemon oils by referencing the OHC profiles and established models.After HPLC analyses,profiling and SLRA modeling of 154 OHCs samples of industrial lemon oils,we found that the combination of isopimpinellin and total OHC concentration are essential and robust predictors to differentiate authentic samples from adulterated lemon oils with a success rate of 98%from the 5-fold cross validation.This study provided a reliable and efficient method in determining the authenticity of lemon oils.
文摘To improve the economic benefits and farmers’enthusiasm of Brassica napus production,this study compared the agronomic traits,economic traits,and incomes from vegetable and oilseed among five early maturing varieties of Brassica napus,thereby selecting the suitable materials for breeding the varieties for both vegetable and oil.The results showed that all of the five varieties had low erucic acid in oil and low glucosinolate in rapeseed meal.The economic benefits of the varieties for vegetable and oil were generally higher than those of the varieties for only oil.‘CNT01’had the best economic benefits,with the vegetable yield of 8175.3 kg/hm^(2),the rapeseed yield of 2476.5 kg/hm^(2),the vegetable income of 14859.0 yuan/hm^(2),the rapeseed income of 32701.2 yuan/hm^(2),and the net income of 35560.2 yuan/hm^(2).‘CNZ01’was selected as the variety with highest oil quality,with the rapeseed yield of 2712.6 kg/hm^(2) and the net income of 11775.6 yuan/hm^(2).In conclusion,‘CNT01’was selected as the variety for both vegetable and oil.
文摘Environmental pollution,energy consumption,and greenhouse gas emissions are critical global issues.To address these challenges,optimizing skimmer coatings is a major step in commercializing cleaning oil stains.This research presents a novel approach to creating and refining oil absorbent coatings,introducing a unique oil spill removal skimmer enhanced with a super hydrophobic polyaniline(PANI)nanofiber coating.The goal of this study was to improve oil absorption performance,increase the contact angle,lower drag,reduce energy consumption,achieve high desirability,and lower production costs.PANI treated with hydrochloric acid was a key focus as it resulted in higher porosity and smaller pore diameters,providing a larger surface area,which are crucial factors for boosting oil absorption and minimizing drag.To optimize optimal nanofiber morphology,PANI synthesized with methanesulfonic acid was first dedoped and then redoped with hydrochloric acid.After optimization,the most effective skimmer coating was achieved using a formulation consisting of 0.1%PANI,an ammonium persulfate/aniline ratio of 0.4,and an acid/aniline ratio of 9.689,along with redoped PANI nanofibers.The optimized skimmer exhibited a remarkable contact angle of 177.477°.The coating achieved drag reduction of 32%,oil absorption of 88.725%,a cost of$1.710,and a desirability rating of 78.5%.In this study,an optimized skimmer coat containing super hydrophobic coat-PANI nanofibers was fabricated.By enhancing contact angle and reducing drag,these coatings increased the skimmer performance by improving oil absorption and reducing fuel consumption.
基金Supported by the Key Science&Technology Project of Guangzhou(No.202103000045)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070972,No.82271093).
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade on retinal structure and function in patients undergoing silicone oil removal(SOR)after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).METHODS:A total of 58 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups based on tamponade duration:the short-term group(30-45d)and the conventional group(≥90d).Comprehensive evaluations were performed before and after SOR,including slitlamp examination,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)measurement,intraocular pressure(IOP)testing,optical coherence tomography(OCT),optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),microperimetry,electroretinography(ERG),and visual evoked potential(VEP)assessment.RESULTS:A total of 33 patients(23 males and 10 females;33 eyes)were enrolled in the short-term SO tamponade group with mean age of 52.45±9.35y,and 25 patients(15 males and 10 females;25 eyes)were enrolled in the conventional SO tamponade group with mean age of 50.80±12.06y.Compared with the conventional group,the short-term silicone oil tamponade group had a significantly lower incidence of silicone oil emulsification and cataract progression,with no significant difference in retinal reattachment success rate.Structurally,short-term tamponade was associated with increased thickness of the retinal ganglion cell layer(RGCL)in the nasal and superior macular regions and improved recovery of superficial retinal vascular density in these areas.Functionally,the shortterm group showed better BCVA and retinal sensitivity both before and 1mo after SOR;additionally,the P100 amplitude in VEP tests was significantly increased in this group.CONCLUSION:Shortening the duration of silicone oil tamponade effectively reduces damage to retinal structure and function without compromising the success rate of retinal reattachment in patients with primary RRD.
基金We appreciate the financial support of this work by Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources from Golestan Province(Grant No.9413184180).
文摘Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is the sesquiterpene hormone,occupies a pivotal role.A hypothesis has emerged that the exogenous application of ABA can positively influence the terpenoid content of Lavandula angustifolia cv Hidcote essential oil(EO),thereby conferring enhanced resilience to drought stress.A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replicationsandfour irrigation regimes,including I4[30%-40%of field capacity(FC)],I3(50%-60%FC),I2(70%-80%FC),andI1(90%-100%FC)as control.Application of ABAspraying included three concentrations,A3(30μmol·L^(-1)ABA),A2(15μmol·L^(-1)ABA),and A1 as control(distilled water).Results revealed that drought significantly affected all studied traits except for relative water content(RWC)and shoot dry mass.The ABA impact application on the observed traits was found to be dependent upon the level of drought to which the plants were exposed.Specifically,the highest levels of flavonoid content,total antioxidant activity,peroxidase(POX)activity,and EO percentage were observed under I4A2 conditions.Conversely,the highest levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity,and proline were recorded under I4A3 conditions,while the highest EO yield was obtained under I3A2 conditions.Analysis of the EO revealed that there were common indicative compounds across the varying levels of droughtandABAapplication,including linalool,camphor,borneol,bornyl formate,andcaryophyllene oxide.Theproduction pattern ofmonoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds demonstrated a distinct trend,with the highest concentration of monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds(average of 12.92%)being observed in the I2A3 treatment group,andthe highest concentration of oxygenatedmonoterpenecompounds(average of 64.76%)being recorded in the I1A1 group.Conversely,the most significant levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarboncompounds(14.98%)andoxygenated sesquiterpene compounds(10.46%)were observed in the I4A3 and I4A1 groups,respectively,showing the efficacy of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the action of ABA under drought conditions.The observed results indicated that the concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds decreases with an increase in drought level.Conversely,the application of ABA at any given drought level appears to resulted in increased concentrations of oxygenated monoterpene compounds in the same conditions.It may be concluded that plants under high-stress drought conditions allocate more terpene precursors to the production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds,aided by ABA with the same properties.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42372125 and 41772092)。
文摘Previous studies have shown that the Eocene oil shale sequences in the Green River Basin contain long-period astronomical age information.The fine-scale chronological characteristics of the oil shale laminae remain largely unexplored.We selected finely laminated oil shales formed in deep-water environments characterized by stable water column stratification as the primary focus of this study,using microscopy and micro-area X-ray fluorescence(μ-XRF)techniques.By integrating high-resolution elemental data with timeseries analysis,we identified significant periodic signals associated with solar activity(Hale and Schwabe cycles)and ENSO.The results indicate that the alternations of light and dark laminae in the Green River Formation oil shale correspond to alternating dry and wet climate regimes:the light laminae are dominated by carbonate minerals,reflecting drier and milder conditions,while the dark laminae are enriched in terrigenous clastics and organic matter,indicating periods of increased precipitation and warmer temperatures.The detected periodicities(23.5 years,13.3 years and 5.8 years)are highly consistent with modern observations,demonstrating that the lower Eocene Green River oil shale effectively records short-term solar activity and climate variability.Furthermore,our findings confirm that a persistent"permanent El Niño"state did not develop under Early Eocene greenhouse conditions,providing a refined chronological framework for highresolution paleoclimate studies during greenhouse intervals.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760363)the Earmarked Fund for CARS (CARS-14-1-16)+1 种基金the Gansu Education Science and Technology Innovation Industry Support Program,China (2021CYZC-38)the Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,China (GSCS-2020-Z6)。
文摘Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.Therefore,this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75,150,and 225 kg N ha^(–1)) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism,lodging resistance,and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation,improved lodging resistance,and increased grain yield.Compared to the control (CK),the75–150 kg N ha^(–1) combined with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1) treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD),and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes,leading to a 29.63–43.30%increase in lignin content,improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index,and a 23.27–32.34%increase in grain yield.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis,thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities,gene expression,lodging resistance traits,and grain yield.In summary,the application of 75–150 kg N ha^(–1) in conjunction with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation,enhanced lodging resistance,and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu,China.Furthermore,this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.
