The development of efficient and clean heating technologies is crucial for reducing carbon emissions in regions with severe cold regions.This research designs a novel two-stage phase change heat storage coupled solar-...The development of efficient and clean heating technologies is crucial for reducing carbon emissions in regions with severe cold regions.This research designs a novel two-stage phase change heat storage coupled solar-air source heat pump heating system structure that is specifically designed for such regions.The two-stage heat storage device in this heating system expands the storage temperature range of solar heat.The utilization of the two-stage heat storage device not onlymakes up for the instability of the solar heating system,but can also directlymeet the building heating temperature,and can reduce the influence of low-temperature outdoor environments in severe cold regions on the heating performance of the air source heat pump by using solar energy.Therefore,the two-stage phase change heat storage coupled to the solar energy-air source heat pump heating system effectively improves the utilization rate of solar energy.A numerical model of the system components and their integration was developed using TRNSYS software in this study,and various performance aspects of the system were simulated and analyzed.The simulation results demonstrated that the two-stage heat storage device can effectively store solar energy,enabling its hierarchical utilization.The low-temperature solar energy stored by the two-stage phase change heat storage device enhances the coefficient of performance of the air source heat pump by 11.1%in severe cold conditions.Using the Hooke-Jeeves optimization method,the annual cost and carbon emissions are taken as optimization objectives,with the optimized solar heat supply accounting for 52.5%.This study offers valuable insights into operational strategies and site selection for engineering applications,providing a solid theoretical foundation for the widespread implementation of this system in severe cold regions.展开更多
Integrated-energy systems(IESs)are key to advancing renewable-energy utilization and addressing environmental challenges.Key components of IESs include low-carbon,economic dispatch and demand response,for maximizing r...Integrated-energy systems(IESs)are key to advancing renewable-energy utilization and addressing environmental challenges.Key components of IESs include low-carbon,economic dispatch and demand response,for maximizing renewable-energy consumption and supporting sustainable-energy systems.User participation is central to demand response;however,many users are not inclined to engage actively;therefore,the full potential of demand response remains unrealized.User satisfaction must be prioritized in demand-response assessments.This study proposed a two-stage,capacity-optimization configuration method for user-level energy systems con-sidering thermal inertia and user satisfaction.This method addresses load coordination and complementary issues within the IES and seeks to minimize the annual,total cost for determining equipment capacity configurations while introducing models for system thermal inertia and user satisfaction.Indoor heating is adjusted,for optimizing device output and load profiles,with a focus on typical,daily,economic,and environmental objectives.The studyfindings indicate that the system thermal inertia optimizes energy-system scheduling considering user satisfaction.This optimization mitigates environmental concerns and enhances clean-energy integration.展开更多
In order to address the synergistic optimization of energy efficiency improvement in the waste incineration power plant(WIPP)and renewable energy accommodation,an electricity-hydrogen-waste multi-energy system integra...In order to address the synergistic optimization of energy efficiency improvement in the waste incineration power plant(WIPP)and renewable energy accommodation,an electricity-hydrogen-waste multi-energy system integrated with phase change material(PCM)thermal storage is proposed.First,a thermal energy management framework is constructed,combining PCM thermal storage with the alkaline electrolyzer(AE)waste heat recovery and the heat pump(HP),while establishing a PCM-driven waste drying system to enhance the efficiency of waste incineration power generation.Next,a flue gas treatment method based on purification-separation-storage coordination is adopted,achieving spatiotemporal decoupling between waste incineration and flue gas treatment.Subsequently,a two-stage optimal dispatching strategy for the multi-energy system is developed:the first stage establishes a dayahead economic dispatch model with the objective of minimizing net system costs,while the second stage introduces model predictive control(MPC)to realize intraday rolling optimization.Finally,The optimal dispatching strategies under different scenarios are obtained using the Gurobi solver,followed by a comparative analysis of the optimized operational outcomes.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system optimizes the output and operational states of each unit,simultaneously reducing carbon trading costs while increasing electricity sales revenue.The proposed scheduling strategy demonstrates effective grid peak-shaving functionality,thereby simultaneously improving the system’s economic performance and operational flexibility while providing an innovative technical pathway for municipal solid waste(MSW)resource utilization and low-carbon transformation of energy systems.展开更多
A two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket （UASB） and sequencing batch reactor （SBR） system was introduced to treat landfill leachate for advanced removal of COD and nitrogen at low temperature. In order to impro...A two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket （UASB） and sequencing batch reactor （SBR） system was introduced to treat landfill leachate for advanced removal of COD and nitrogen at low temperature. In order to improve the total nitrogen （TN） removal efficiency and to reduce the COD requirement for denitrification, the raw leachate with recycled SBR nitrification supematant was pumped into the first-stage UASB （UASB1） to achieve simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis. The results showed that UASB1 played an important role in COD removal and UASB2 and SBR further enhanced the nutrient removal efficiency. When the organic loading rates of UASB1, UASB2 and SBR were 11.95, 1.63 and 1.29 kg COD/（m^3.day）, respectively, the total COD removal efficiency of the whole system reached 96.7%. The SBR acted as the real undertaker for NH4^＋-N removal due to aerobic nitrification. The system obtained about 99.7% of NH4^＋-N removal efficiency at relatively low temperature （14.9-10.9℃）. More than 98.3% TN was removed through complete denitrification in UASB 1 and SBR. In addition, temperature had a significant effect on the rates of nitrification and denitrification rather than the removal of TN and NH4^＋-N once the complete nitrification and denitrification were achieved.展开更多
A new unified constitutive model was developed to predict the two-stage creep-aging(TSCA)behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.The particular bimodal precipitation feature was analyzed and modeled by considering the primary ...A new unified constitutive model was developed to predict the two-stage creep-aging(TSCA)behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.The particular bimodal precipitation feature was analyzed and modeled by considering the primary micro-variables evolution at different temperatures and their interaction.The dislocation density was incorporated into the model to capture the effect of creep deformation on precipitation.Quantitative transmission electron microscopy and experimental data obtained from a previous study were used to calibrate the model.Subsequently,the developed constitutive model was implemented in the finite element(FE)software ABAQUS via the user subroutines for TSCA process simulation and the springback prediction of an integral panel.A TSCA test was performed.The result shows that the maximum radius deviation between the formed plate and the simulation results is less than 0.4 mm,thus validating the effectiveness of the developed constitutive model and FE model.展开更多
Lexical analysis is a fundamental task in natural language processing,which involves several subtasks,such as word segmentation(WS),part-of-speech(POS)tagging,and named entity recognition(NER).Recent works have shown ...Lexical analysis is a fundamental task in natural language processing,which involves several subtasks,such as word segmentation(WS),part-of-speech(POS)tagging,and named entity recognition(NER).Recent works have shown that taking advantage of relatedness between these subtasks can be beneficial.This paper proposes a unified neural framework to address these subtasks simultaneously.Apart from the sequence tagging paradigm,the proposed method tackles the multitask lexical analysis via two-stage sequence span classification.Firstly,the model detects the word and named entity boundaries by multilabel classification over character spans in a sentence.Then,the authors assign POS labels and entity labels for words and named entities by multi-class classification,respectively.Furthermore,a Gated Task Transformation(GTT)is proposed to encourage the model to share valuable features between tasks.The performance of the proposed model was evaluated on Chinese and Thai public datasets,demonstrating state-of-the-art results.展开更多
Applying bio-oxidation waste solution(BOS)to chemical-biological two-stage oxidation process can significantly improve the bio-oxidation efficiency of arsenopyrite.This study aims to clarify the enhanced oxidation mec...Applying bio-oxidation waste solution(BOS)to chemical-biological two-stage oxidation process can significantly improve the bio-oxidation efficiency of arsenopyrite.This study aims to clarify the enhanced oxidation mechanism of arsenopyrite by evaluating the effects of physical and chemical changes of arsenopyrite in BOS chemical oxidation stage on mineral dissolution kinetics,as well as microbial growth activity and community structure composition in bio-oxidation stage.The results showed that the chemical oxidation contributed to destroying the physical and chemical structure of arsenopyrite surface and reducing the particle size,and led to the formation of nitrogenous substances on mineral surface.These chemical oxidation behaviors effectively promoted Fe^(3+)cycling in the bio-oxidation system and weakened the inhibitory effect of the sulfur film on ionic diffusion,thereby enhancing the dissolution kinetics of the arsenopyrite.Therefore,the bio-oxidation efficiency of arsenopyrite was significantly increased in the two-stage oxidation process.After 18 d,the two-stage oxidation process achieved total extraction rates of(88.8±2.0)%,(86.7±1.3)%,and(74.7±3.0)%for As,Fe,and S elements,respectively.These values represented a significant increase of(50.8±3.4)%,(47.1±2.7)%,and(46.0±0.7)%,respectively,compared to the one-stage bio-oxidation process.展开更多
Exploring the factors driving the decoupling of China’s sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions from economic growth(DEI)is crucial for achieving sustainable development.By analyzing the decoupling indicators and driving fac...Exploring the factors driving the decoupling of China’s sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions from economic growth(DEI)is crucial for achieving sustainable development.By analyzing the decoupling indicators and driving factors at both the generation and treatment stages of SO_(2),more effective targeted mitigation strategies can be developed.We employ the Tapio decoupling model and propose a two-stage method to examine the decoupling issues related to SO_(2).Our findings indicate that:①DEI shows a steady and significant improvement,with SO_(2)emission intensity identified as the primary driver.②for the decoupling of economic growth and SO_(2)generation,energy scale serves as the largest stimulator,while the effect of energy intensity changes from negative to positive,and pollution intensity is first positive and then negative.③For the decoupling of SO_(2)generation and SO_(2)removal,treatment efficiency leads as the largest promoter,followed by treatment intensity.Based on these results,this study recommends that China focuses more on enhancing clean energy utilization and the effectiveness of treatment processes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Two-stage revision is the most common treatment for chronic periprosthetic joint infection of the hip,involving a resection arthroplasty with or without placement of an antibiotic-loaded spacer,followed by ...BACKGROUND Two-stage revision is the most common treatment for chronic periprosthetic joint infection of the hip,involving a resection arthroplasty with or without placement of an antibiotic-loaded spacer,followed by antibiotic therapy before reimplantation.AIM To compare the outcomes and complications of two consecutive treatment protocols for two-stage revision arthroplasty of the infected hip:One using Girdlestone with an antibiotic holiday,the other using custom-made articulating spacers(CUMARS)without an antibiotic holiday.METHODS In this retrospective study,two consecutive cohorts were compared.Group A(2017-2020)underwent two-stage revision with a Girdlestone and an antibiotic holiday before reimplantation,while Group B(2020-2023)received CUMARS whenever possible,and no antibiotic holiday,or a Girdlestone if indicated.The primary outcome was successful infection eradication after one year.Secondary outcomes included surgical duration,length of hospital stay,weight-bearing allowance,discharge destination,and complications.RESULTS A total of 98 patients were included:39 patients in Group A and 59 patients in Group B.Successful infection eradication after one year was achieved in 69%of Group A and 83%of Group B(P=0.164).Patients in Group B were more frequently allowed to bear weight(64%vs 18%,P<0.001),had a shorter in-hospital stay(9 vs 16 days,P<0.001),and were more often discharged home after the first surgery(48%vs 24%,P=0.048).No significant differences were found in(mechanical)complications.CONCLUSION A protocol including CUMARS is a safe and effective treatment,offering faster recovery,shorter length of hospital stay,and enabling more patients to return home during the interval.This reduces strain on patients and the healthcare system,potentially saving costs,without compromising infection control or increasing(mechanical)complications.展开更多
Micro-nano Earth Observation Satellite(MEOS)constellation has the advantages of low construction cost,short revisit cycle,and high functional density,which is considered a promising solution for serving rapidly growin...Micro-nano Earth Observation Satellite(MEOS)constellation has the advantages of low construction cost,short revisit cycle,and high functional density,which is considered a promising solution for serving rapidly growing observation demands.The observation Scheduling Problem in the MEOS constellation(MEOSSP)is a challenging issue due to the large number of satellites and tasks,as well as complex observation constraints.To address the large-scale and complicated MEOSSP,we develop a Two-Stage Scheduling Algorithm based on the Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(TSSA-PNA).In TSSA-PNA,the MEOS observation scheduling is decomposed into a task allocation stage and a single-MEOS scheduling stage.In the task allocation stage,an adaptive task allocation algorithm with four problem-specific allocation operators is proposed to reallocate the unscheduled tasks to new MEOSs.Regarding the single-MEOS scheduling stage,we design a pointer network based on the encoder-decoder architecture to learn the optimal singleMEOS scheduling solution and introduce the attention mechanism into the encoder to improve the learning efficiency.The Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(PNA)can generate the single-MEOS scheduling solution quickly in an end-to-end manner.These two decomposed stages are performed iteratively to search for the solution with high profit.A greedy local search algorithm is developed to improve the profits further.The performance of the PNA and TSSA-PNA on singleMEOS and multi-MEOS scheduling problems are evaluated in the experiments.The experimental results demonstrate that PNA can obtain the approximate solution for the single-MEOS scheduling problem in a short time.Besides,the TSSA-PNA can achieve higher observation profits than the existing scheduling algorithms within the acceptable computational time for the large-scale MEOS scheduling problem.展开更多
As future ship system,hybrid energy ship system has a wide range of application prospects for solving the serious energy crisis.However,current optimization scheduling works lack the consideration of sea conditions an...As future ship system,hybrid energy ship system has a wide range of application prospects for solving the serious energy crisis.However,current optimization scheduling works lack the consideration of sea conditions and navigational circumstances.There-fore,this paper aims at establishing a two-stage optimization framework for hybrid energy ship power system.The proposed framework considers multiple optimizations of route,speed planning,and energy management under the constraints of sea conditions during navigation.First,a complex hybrid ship power model consisting of diesel generation system,propulsion system,energy storage system,photovoltaic power generation system,and electric boiler system is established,where sea state information and ship resistance model are considered.With objective optimization functions of cost and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,a two-stage optimization framework consisting of route planning,speed scheduling,and energy management is constructed.Wherein the improved A-star algorithm and grey wolf optimization algorithm are introduced to obtain the optimal solutions for route,speed,and energy optimization scheduling.Finally,simulation cases are employed to verify that the proposed two-stage optimization scheduling model can reduce load energy consumption,operating costs,and carbon emissions by 17.8%,17.39%,and 13.04%,respectively,compared with the non-optimal control group.展开更多
To satisfy the demands of higher frequency and amplitude in hydraulic vibration experiment system,the two-stage excitation valve is presented,and a mathematical model of two-stage excitation valve is established after...To satisfy the demands of higher frequency and amplitude in hydraulic vibration experiment system,the two-stage excitation valve is presented,and a mathematical model of two-stage excitation valve is established after analyzing the working principle of two-stage excitation valve,then the influence of relevant parameters on the displacement of main spool of two-stage excitation valve is studied by using Matlab/Simulink to calculate and analyze.The results show that the displacement of main spool will be smaller with bigger diameter and more secondary valve ports.When the reversing frequency is higher and the oil supply pressure is lower as well as the axial guide width of valve ports is smaller,the maximum displacement of main spool is smaller.The new two-stage excitation valve is easy to adjust reversing frequency and flow.The high frequency can be achieved by improving the rotation speed of servo motor and adding the number of secondary valve ports;the large flow can be realized by increasing the axial guide width of secondary valve ports and oil supply pressure.The result of this study is of guiding significance for designing the rotary valve for the achievement of higher reversing frequency and larger flow.展开更多
The possible intermittent impacts of a two-stage isolation system with rigid limiters have been investigated. The isolation system is under periodic external excitation disturbed by small stationary Gaussian white no...The possible intermittent impacts of a two-stage isolation system with rigid limiters have been investigated. The isolation system is under periodic external excitation disturbed by small stationary Gaussian white noise after shock. The maximal impact Poincaré map is proposed based on the multi-body dynamics with unilateral constrains. Then in the period after shock, the zero order approximate stochastic discrete model and the first order approximate stochastic model are developed. The real isolation system of an MTU diesel engine is used to evaluate the established model. After calculating of the numerical example, the effects of noise excitation on the isolation system are discussed. The results show that the property of the system is complicated due to intermittent impact. The difference between zero order model and the first order model may be great. The effect of small noise is obvious. The results may be expected useful to the naval designers.展开更多
The emission regulations for heavy-duty diesel engines regarding nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))are becoming increasingly stringent,particularly in relation to cold start cycles.While the twostage selective catalytic reduction...The emission regulations for heavy-duty diesel engines regarding nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))are becoming increasingly stringent,particularly in relation to cold start cycles.While the twostage selective catalytic reduction(SCR)has the potential to achieve ultra-low NO_(x) emissions,several challenges remain,including the accurate prediction of ammonia(NH_(3))storage mass and the co-control of the two-stage SCR.The first step in this study involved the establishment of a rapid control prototype platform to facilitate the development and validation of a two-stage SCR control strategy.Secondly,an initial method for predicting the NH_(3) storage based on the mass conservation law was proposed,which was subsequently improved by filling and emptying experiments.The third step involved the development of a two-stage SCR co-control strategy,including obtaining the steady-state NH_(3) storage target value,dynamic correction for NH_(3) storage target value,regulation of NH_(3) storage,and control of the close-coupled SCR urea injector state.Finally,the two-stage SCR urea injection control strategy was certified under the world harmonized transient cycle(WHTC).The results demonstrate that the composite value of engine outlet NO_(x) emissions under cold and hot start WHTC cycles is 13 g/(kW·h).Meanwhile,the composite value of tailpipe NO_(x) emissions under cold and hot start WHTC cycles is 0.065 g/(kW·h),representing only 14%of the EU VI limit value of 0.46 g/(kW·h).Thus,the findings demonstrate that integrating an accurate NH_(3) storage prediction method with the two-stage SCR co-control function is crucial for heavy-duty diesel engines to achieve ultra-low NO_(x) emissions.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to present a simulation study on the two-stage absorption refrigeration systems of 2.5 kW capacity using LiBr-H2O,NH3-H2O and R124-DMAC as working pairs.Under the design condition that t...The objective of this paper is to present a simulation study on the two-stage absorption refrigeration systems of 2.5 kW capacity using LiBr-H2O,NH3-H2O and R124-DMAC as working pairs.Under the design condition that the generating,absorbing,evaporating and condensing temperatures are 75℃,45℃,5℃and 40℃,respectively,the high and low pressure side solution circulation ratios and the coefficient of performance(COP)for the systems are calculated.Then the influences of medium,generating,absorbing,evaporating and condensing temperatures on system performances are analyzed.The results show that under the design condition,the COP of the LiBr-H2Osystem can reach 0.49,superior to those of the NH3-H2O and R124-DMAC systems,which are 0.32 and 0.31,respectively.Furthermore,the medium temperature for higher COP lies in an interval of 64-67℃for the LiBr-H2O.NH3-H2O and R124-DMAC systems.High generating temperature and low absorbing temperature can decrease the high and low pressure side solution circulation ratios,and can also increase the COP.High evaporating temperature can decrease the low pressure side solution circulation ratio and increase the COP.Low condensing temperature can decrease the high pressure side solution circulation ratio and increase the COP.展开更多
The collision of ships poses a great threat to the piers in navigable waters.The kinetic energy of the moving ship can be consumed not only with the structural deformation,but also with tensile force from the proposed...The collision of ships poses a great threat to the piers in navigable waters.The kinetic energy of the moving ship can be consumed not only with the structural deformation,but also with tensile force from the proposed Floating Two-stage Buffer Collision-Prevention System(FTBCPS).The actual anti-collision effect of the current designed FTBCPS can be evaluated by the dynamic simulation.The construction method of 3D model is introduced,and the system initial state is defined.The transformation matrix and the basic kinematics vector are given,and the system basic dynamics equation is then created.The mechanical analysis on each component is carried out,and the detailed process of numerical simulation is also given.The simulation results indicate that collision direction and collision position have a great influence on the system kinematic response.Bridge pier faces the greatest threat when a ship hits the floater on the front beam in a nearly vertical direction,or on the side beam in a larger course angle.The study shows that the current designed FTBCPS can make full use of the fracture tensile property of polyester ropes and keep the tensile force acted on pier within its bearable range at the same time.The collision direction has a significant effect on the dynamic response of the colliding bodies,but no failure appeared in the simulations,which indicates that the current designed FTBCPS can protect bridge piers of all cases for the 5000-t ship with a velocity smaller than 5 m/s in navigable waters.展开更多
With the increasing requirements of precision mechanical systems in electronic packaging,ultra-precision machining,biomedicine and other high-tech fields,it is necessary to study a precision two-stage amplification mi...With the increasing requirements of precision mechanical systems in electronic packaging,ultra-precision machining,biomedicine and other high-tech fields,it is necessary to study a precision two-stage amplification micro-drive system that can safely provide high precision and a large amplification ratio.In view of the disadvantages of the current two-stage amplification and micro-drive system,such as poor security,low motion accuracy and limited amplification ratio,an optimization design of a precise symmetrical two-stage amplification micro-drive system was completed in this study,and its related performance was studied.Based on the guiding principle of the flexure hinge,a two-stage amplification micro-drive mechanism with no parasitic motion or non-motion direction force was designed.In addition,the structure optimization design of the mechanism was completed using the particle swarm optimization algorithm,which increased the amplification ratio of the mechanism from 5 to 18 times.A precise symmetrical two-stage amplification system was designed using a piezoelectric ceramic actuator and two-stage amplification micro-drive mechanism as the micro-driver and actuator,respectively.The driving,strength,and motion performances of the system were subsequently studied.The results showed that the driving linearity of the system was high,the strength satisfied the design requirements,the motion amplification ratio was high and the motion accuracy was high(relative error was 5.31%).The research in this study can promote the optimization of micro-drive systems.展开更多
The degradation process modeling is one of research hotspots of prognostic and health management(PHM),which can be used to estimate system reliability and remaining useful life(RUL).In order to study system degradatio...The degradation process modeling is one of research hotspots of prognostic and health management(PHM),which can be used to estimate system reliability and remaining useful life(RUL).In order to study system degradation process,cumulative damage model is used for degradation modeling.Assuming that damage increment is Gamma distribution,shock counting subjects to a homogeneous Poisson process(HPP)when degradation process is linear,and shock counting is a non-homogeneous Poisson process(NHPP)when degradation process is nonlinear.A two-stage degradation system is considered in this paper,for which the degradation process is linear in the first stage and the degradation process is nonlinear in the second stage.A nonlinear modeling method for considered system is put forward,and reliability model and remaining useful life model are established.A case study is given to validate the veracities of established models.展开更多
During rock drilling and blasting activities,stemming blast holes is to prevent high-pressure explosive gases from the holes,thereby enhancing the overall blasting effectiveness.Hence,it is imperative to investigate t...During rock drilling and blasting activities,stemming blast holes is to prevent high-pressure explosive gases from the holes,thereby enhancing the overall blasting effectiveness.Hence,it is imperative to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of the stem-ming materials.In this study,impact compression tests were conducted on self-swelling cartridges(SSCs)using a split Hopkinson pres-sure bar(SHPB),aiming to evaluate dynamic performances across strain rate range of 20 to 65 s^(−1).Test results indicate that the dynamic compressive strength of SSCs exhibits the following trends:it increases with increasing density of SSC,decreases with an increase in insertion gap,and follows an initial rise and subsequent fall trend with an increase in water absorption.The order of significance among these factors is density>water absorption>insertion gaps.SSCs exhibit a pronounced strain-rate strengthening dependence in dynamic compressive strength.Furthermore,both the compressive peak stress and peak strain of SSCs follow a well-defined quadratic upward trend with increasing strain rates.As the strain rate increases,the degree of fragmentation,absorbed energy,and dynamic increase factor exhibit an upward trend.Model experimental results indicate that,compared to cementitious stemming materials,SSCs can prolong the duration of gas explosion action.Therefore,SSCs are more suitable for high strain-rate applications such as blasting stemming and rock burst control.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the project of the Research on Energy Consumption of Office Space in Colleges and Universities under the“Dual Carbon Target”(No.CJ202301006).
文摘The development of efficient and clean heating technologies is crucial for reducing carbon emissions in regions with severe cold regions.This research designs a novel two-stage phase change heat storage coupled solar-air source heat pump heating system structure that is specifically designed for such regions.The two-stage heat storage device in this heating system expands the storage temperature range of solar heat.The utilization of the two-stage heat storage device not onlymakes up for the instability of the solar heating system,but can also directlymeet the building heating temperature,and can reduce the influence of low-temperature outdoor environments in severe cold regions on the heating performance of the air source heat pump by using solar energy.Therefore,the two-stage phase change heat storage coupled to the solar energy-air source heat pump heating system effectively improves the utilization rate of solar energy.A numerical model of the system components and their integration was developed using TRNSYS software in this study,and various performance aspects of the system were simulated and analyzed.The simulation results demonstrated that the two-stage heat storage device can effectively store solar energy,enabling its hierarchical utilization.The low-temperature solar energy stored by the two-stage phase change heat storage device enhances the coefficient of performance of the air source heat pump by 11.1%in severe cold conditions.Using the Hooke-Jeeves optimization method,the annual cost and carbon emissions are taken as optimization objectives,with the optimized solar heat supply accounting for 52.5%.This study offers valuable insights into operational strategies and site selection for engineering applications,providing a solid theoretical foundation for the widespread implementation of this system in severe cold regions.
基金supported by the science and technology foundation of Guizhou province[2022]general 013the science and technology foundation of Guizhou province[2022]general 014+1 种基金the science and technology foundation of Guizhou province GCC[2022]016-1the educational technology foundation of Guizhou province[2022]043.
文摘Integrated-energy systems(IESs)are key to advancing renewable-energy utilization and addressing environmental challenges.Key components of IESs include low-carbon,economic dispatch and demand response,for maximizing renewable-energy consumption and supporting sustainable-energy systems.User participation is central to demand response;however,many users are not inclined to engage actively;therefore,the full potential of demand response remains unrealized.User satisfaction must be prioritized in demand-response assessments.This study proposed a two-stage,capacity-optimization configuration method for user-level energy systems con-sidering thermal inertia and user satisfaction.This method addresses load coordination and complementary issues within the IES and seeks to minimize the annual,total cost for determining equipment capacity configurations while introducing models for system thermal inertia and user satisfaction.Indoor heating is adjusted,for optimizing device output and load profiles,with a focus on typical,daily,economic,and environmental objectives.The studyfindings indicate that the system thermal inertia optimizes energy-system scheduling considering user satisfaction.This optimization mitigates environmental concerns and enhances clean-energy integration.
文摘In order to address the synergistic optimization of energy efficiency improvement in the waste incineration power plant(WIPP)and renewable energy accommodation,an electricity-hydrogen-waste multi-energy system integrated with phase change material(PCM)thermal storage is proposed.First,a thermal energy management framework is constructed,combining PCM thermal storage with the alkaline electrolyzer(AE)waste heat recovery and the heat pump(HP),while establishing a PCM-driven waste drying system to enhance the efficiency of waste incineration power generation.Next,a flue gas treatment method based on purification-separation-storage coordination is adopted,achieving spatiotemporal decoupling between waste incineration and flue gas treatment.Subsequently,a two-stage optimal dispatching strategy for the multi-energy system is developed:the first stage establishes a dayahead economic dispatch model with the objective of minimizing net system costs,while the second stage introduces model predictive control(MPC)to realize intraday rolling optimization.Finally,The optimal dispatching strategies under different scenarios are obtained using the Gurobi solver,followed by a comparative analysis of the optimized operational outcomes.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system optimizes the output and operational states of each unit,simultaneously reducing carbon trading costs while increasing electricity sales revenue.The proposed scheduling strategy demonstrates effective grid peak-shaving functionality,thereby simultaneously improving the system’s economic performance and operational flexibility while providing an innovative technical pathway for municipal solid waste(MSW)resource utilization and low-carbon transformation of energy systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50978003)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.8091001)+1 种基金the Funding Project for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning Under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality (No.PHR20090502)the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (No.QAK200802)
文摘A two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket （UASB） and sequencing batch reactor （SBR） system was introduced to treat landfill leachate for advanced removal of COD and nitrogen at low temperature. In order to improve the total nitrogen （TN） removal efficiency and to reduce the COD requirement for denitrification, the raw leachate with recycled SBR nitrification supematant was pumped into the first-stage UASB （UASB1） to achieve simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis. The results showed that UASB1 played an important role in COD removal and UASB2 and SBR further enhanced the nutrient removal efficiency. When the organic loading rates of UASB1, UASB2 and SBR were 11.95, 1.63 and 1.29 kg COD/（m^3.day）, respectively, the total COD removal efficiency of the whole system reached 96.7%. The SBR acted as the real undertaker for NH4^＋-N removal due to aerobic nitrification. The system obtained about 99.7% of NH4^＋-N removal efficiency at relatively low temperature （14.9-10.9℃）. More than 98.3% TN was removed through complete denitrification in UASB 1 and SBR. In addition, temperature had a significant effect on the rates of nitrification and denitrification rather than the removal of TN and NH4^＋-N once the complete nitrification and denitrification were achieved.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3400900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52175373,52205435)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2022JJ40621)the Innovation Fund of National Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing Engineering Technology Center,China(No.COMACSFGS-2022-1875)。
文摘A new unified constitutive model was developed to predict the two-stage creep-aging(TSCA)behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.The particular bimodal precipitation feature was analyzed and modeled by considering the primary micro-variables evolution at different temperatures and their interaction.The dislocation density was incorporated into the model to capture the effect of creep deformation on precipitation.Quantitative transmission electron microscopy and experimental data obtained from a previous study were used to calibrate the model.Subsequently,the developed constitutive model was implemented in the finite element(FE)software ABAQUS via the user subroutines for TSCA process simulation and the springback prediction of an integral panel.A TSCA test was performed.The result shows that the maximum radius deviation between the formed plate and the simulation results is less than 0.4 mm,thus validating the effectiveness of the developed constitutive model and FE model.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62266028,62266027,U21B2027,and U24A20334)Major Science and Technology Programs in Yunnan Province(Grant No.202302AD080003,202402AG050007,and 202303AP140008)+1 种基金Yunnan Province Basic Research Program(Grant No.202301AS070047,202301AT070471,and 202401BC070021)Kunming University of Science and Technology's"Double First-rate"construction joint project(Grant No.202201BE070001-021).
文摘Lexical analysis is a fundamental task in natural language processing,which involves several subtasks,such as word segmentation(WS),part-of-speech(POS)tagging,and named entity recognition(NER).Recent works have shown that taking advantage of relatedness between these subtasks can be beneficial.This paper proposes a unified neural framework to address these subtasks simultaneously.Apart from the sequence tagging paradigm,the proposed method tackles the multitask lexical analysis via two-stage sequence span classification.Firstly,the model detects the word and named entity boundaries by multilabel classification over character spans in a sentence.Then,the authors assign POS labels and entity labels for words and named entities by multi-class classification,respectively.Furthermore,a Gated Task Transformation(GTT)is proposed to encourage the model to share valuable features between tasks.The performance of the proposed model was evaluated on Chinese and Thai public datasets,demonstrating state-of-the-art results.
基金Project(52274348)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022JH1/10400024)supported by the Major Projects for the“Revealed Top”Science and Technology of Liaoning Province,China。
文摘Applying bio-oxidation waste solution(BOS)to chemical-biological two-stage oxidation process can significantly improve the bio-oxidation efficiency of arsenopyrite.This study aims to clarify the enhanced oxidation mechanism of arsenopyrite by evaluating the effects of physical and chemical changes of arsenopyrite in BOS chemical oxidation stage on mineral dissolution kinetics,as well as microbial growth activity and community structure composition in bio-oxidation stage.The results showed that the chemical oxidation contributed to destroying the physical and chemical structure of arsenopyrite surface and reducing the particle size,and led to the formation of nitrogenous substances on mineral surface.These chemical oxidation behaviors effectively promoted Fe^(3+)cycling in the bio-oxidation system and weakened the inhibitory effect of the sulfur film on ionic diffusion,thereby enhancing the dissolution kinetics of the arsenopyrite.Therefore,the bio-oxidation efficiency of arsenopyrite was significantly increased in the two-stage oxidation process.After 18 d,the two-stage oxidation process achieved total extraction rates of(88.8±2.0)%,(86.7±1.3)%,and(74.7±3.0)%for As,Fe,and S elements,respectively.These values represented a significant increase of(50.8±3.4)%,(47.1±2.7)%,and(46.0±0.7)%,respectively,compared to the one-stage bio-oxidation process.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.52270183].
文摘Exploring the factors driving the decoupling of China’s sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions from economic growth(DEI)is crucial for achieving sustainable development.By analyzing the decoupling indicators and driving factors at both the generation and treatment stages of SO_(2),more effective targeted mitigation strategies can be developed.We employ the Tapio decoupling model and propose a two-stage method to examine the decoupling issues related to SO_(2).Our findings indicate that:①DEI shows a steady and significant improvement,with SO_(2)emission intensity identified as the primary driver.②for the decoupling of economic growth and SO_(2)generation,energy scale serves as the largest stimulator,while the effect of energy intensity changes from negative to positive,and pollution intensity is first positive and then negative.③For the decoupling of SO_(2)generation and SO_(2)removal,treatment efficiency leads as the largest promoter,followed by treatment intensity.Based on these results,this study recommends that China focuses more on enhancing clean energy utilization and the effectiveness of treatment processes.
文摘BACKGROUND Two-stage revision is the most common treatment for chronic periprosthetic joint infection of the hip,involving a resection arthroplasty with or without placement of an antibiotic-loaded spacer,followed by antibiotic therapy before reimplantation.AIM To compare the outcomes and complications of two consecutive treatment protocols for two-stage revision arthroplasty of the infected hip:One using Girdlestone with an antibiotic holiday,the other using custom-made articulating spacers(CUMARS)without an antibiotic holiday.METHODS In this retrospective study,two consecutive cohorts were compared.Group A(2017-2020)underwent two-stage revision with a Girdlestone and an antibiotic holiday before reimplantation,while Group B(2020-2023)received CUMARS whenever possible,and no antibiotic holiday,or a Girdlestone if indicated.The primary outcome was successful infection eradication after one year.Secondary outcomes included surgical duration,length of hospital stay,weight-bearing allowance,discharge destination,and complications.RESULTS A total of 98 patients were included:39 patients in Group A and 59 patients in Group B.Successful infection eradication after one year was achieved in 69%of Group A and 83%of Group B(P=0.164).Patients in Group B were more frequently allowed to bear weight(64%vs 18%,P<0.001),had a shorter in-hospital stay(9 vs 16 days,P<0.001),and were more often discharged home after the first surgery(48%vs 24%,P=0.048).No significant differences were found in(mechanical)complications.CONCLUSION A protocol including CUMARS is a safe and effective treatment,offering faster recovery,shorter length of hospital stay,and enabling more patients to return home during the interval.This reduces strain on patients and the healthcare system,potentially saving costs,without compromising infection control or increasing(mechanical)complications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62101587)the National Funded Postdoctoral Researcher Program of China(No.GZC20233578)。
文摘Micro-nano Earth Observation Satellite(MEOS)constellation has the advantages of low construction cost,short revisit cycle,and high functional density,which is considered a promising solution for serving rapidly growing observation demands.The observation Scheduling Problem in the MEOS constellation(MEOSSP)is a challenging issue due to the large number of satellites and tasks,as well as complex observation constraints.To address the large-scale and complicated MEOSSP,we develop a Two-Stage Scheduling Algorithm based on the Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(TSSA-PNA).In TSSA-PNA,the MEOS observation scheduling is decomposed into a task allocation stage and a single-MEOS scheduling stage.In the task allocation stage,an adaptive task allocation algorithm with four problem-specific allocation operators is proposed to reallocate the unscheduled tasks to new MEOSs.Regarding the single-MEOS scheduling stage,we design a pointer network based on the encoder-decoder architecture to learn the optimal singleMEOS scheduling solution and introduce the attention mechanism into the encoder to improve the learning efficiency.The Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(PNA)can generate the single-MEOS scheduling solution quickly in an end-to-end manner.These two decomposed stages are performed iteratively to search for the solution with high profit.A greedy local search algorithm is developed to improve the profits further.The performance of the PNA and TSSA-PNA on singleMEOS and multi-MEOS scheduling problems are evaluated in the experiments.The experimental results demonstrate that PNA can obtain the approximate solution for the single-MEOS scheduling problem in a short time.Besides,the TSSA-PNA can achieve higher observation profits than the existing scheduling algorithms within the acceptable computational time for the large-scale MEOS scheduling problem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62473328by the Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart Distribution Network,Nanjing Institute of Technology under No.XTCX202203.
文摘As future ship system,hybrid energy ship system has a wide range of application prospects for solving the serious energy crisis.However,current optimization scheduling works lack the consideration of sea conditions and navigational circumstances.There-fore,this paper aims at establishing a two-stage optimization framework for hybrid energy ship power system.The proposed framework considers multiple optimizations of route,speed planning,and energy management under the constraints of sea conditions during navigation.First,a complex hybrid ship power model consisting of diesel generation system,propulsion system,energy storage system,photovoltaic power generation system,and electric boiler system is established,where sea state information and ship resistance model are considered.With objective optimization functions of cost and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,a two-stage optimization framework consisting of route planning,speed scheduling,and energy management is constructed.Wherein the improved A-star algorithm and grey wolf optimization algorithm are introduced to obtain the optimal solutions for route,speed,and energy optimization scheduling.Finally,simulation cases are employed to verify that the proposed two-stage optimization scheduling model can reduce load energy consumption,operating costs,and carbon emissions by 17.8%,17.39%,and 13.04%,respectively,compared with the non-optimal control group.
基金This work was supported by the Ningbo"Science and Technology Innovation 2025"major project(202002P2004)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City of China(2019A610162)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51605431).
文摘To satisfy the demands of higher frequency and amplitude in hydraulic vibration experiment system,the two-stage excitation valve is presented,and a mathematical model of two-stage excitation valve is established after analyzing the working principle of two-stage excitation valve,then the influence of relevant parameters on the displacement of main spool of two-stage excitation valve is studied by using Matlab/Simulink to calculate and analyze.The results show that the displacement of main spool will be smaller with bigger diameter and more secondary valve ports.When the reversing frequency is higher and the oil supply pressure is lower as well as the axial guide width of valve ports is smaller,the maximum displacement of main spool is smaller.The new two-stage excitation valve is easy to adjust reversing frequency and flow.The high frequency can be achieved by improving the rotation speed of servo motor and adding the number of secondary valve ports;the large flow can be realized by increasing the axial guide width of secondary valve ports and oil supply pressure.The result of this study is of guiding significance for designing the rotary valve for the achievement of higher reversing frequency and larger flow.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10072040)
文摘The possible intermittent impacts of a two-stage isolation system with rigid limiters have been investigated. The isolation system is under periodic external excitation disturbed by small stationary Gaussian white noise after shock. The maximal impact Poincaré map is proposed based on the multi-body dynamics with unilateral constrains. Then in the period after shock, the zero order approximate stochastic discrete model and the first order approximate stochastic model are developed. The real isolation system of an MTU diesel engine is used to evaluate the established model. After calculating of the numerical example, the effects of noise excitation on the isolation system are discussed. The results show that the property of the system is complicated due to intermittent impact. The difference between zero order model and the first order model may be great. The effect of small noise is obvious. The results may be expected useful to the naval designers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51921004).
文摘The emission regulations for heavy-duty diesel engines regarding nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))are becoming increasingly stringent,particularly in relation to cold start cycles.While the twostage selective catalytic reduction(SCR)has the potential to achieve ultra-low NO_(x) emissions,several challenges remain,including the accurate prediction of ammonia(NH_(3))storage mass and the co-control of the two-stage SCR.The first step in this study involved the establishment of a rapid control prototype platform to facilitate the development and validation of a two-stage SCR control strategy.Secondly,an initial method for predicting the NH_(3) storage based on the mass conservation law was proposed,which was subsequently improved by filling and emptying experiments.The third step involved the development of a two-stage SCR co-control strategy,including obtaining the steady-state NH_(3) storage target value,dynamic correction for NH_(3) storage target value,regulation of NH_(3) storage,and control of the close-coupled SCR urea injector state.Finally,the two-stage SCR urea injection control strategy was certified under the world harmonized transient cycle(WHTC).The results demonstrate that the composite value of engine outlet NO_(x) emissions under cold and hot start WHTC cycles is 13 g/(kW·h).Meanwhile,the composite value of tailpipe NO_(x) emissions under cold and hot start WHTC cycles is 0.065 g/(kW·h),representing only 14%of the EU VI limit value of 0.46 g/(kW·h).Thus,the findings demonstrate that integrating an accurate NH_(3) storage prediction method with the two-stage SCR co-control function is crucial for heavy-duty diesel engines to achieve ultra-low NO_(x) emissions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51776115)the Shandong Province Graduate Student Supervisor Guidance Ability Promotion Program(No.SDYY17037)the Shandong Univeisity uf 3uieuue ad Teuluulugy Giauluale 3uusdent Supervisor Guidance Ability Promotion Program(No.KDYC17009)。
文摘The objective of this paper is to present a simulation study on the two-stage absorption refrigeration systems of 2.5 kW capacity using LiBr-H2O,NH3-H2O and R124-DMAC as working pairs.Under the design condition that the generating,absorbing,evaporating and condensing temperatures are 75℃,45℃,5℃and 40℃,respectively,the high and low pressure side solution circulation ratios and the coefficient of performance(COP)for the systems are calculated.Then the influences of medium,generating,absorbing,evaporating and condensing temperatures on system performances are analyzed.The results show that under the design condition,the COP of the LiBr-H2Osystem can reach 0.49,superior to those of the NH3-H2O and R124-DMAC systems,which are 0.32 and 0.31,respectively.Furthermore,the medium temperature for higher COP lies in an interval of 64-67℃for the LiBr-H2O.NH3-H2O and R124-DMAC systems.High generating temperature and low absorbing temperature can decrease the high and low pressure side solution circulation ratios,and can also increase the COP.High evaporating temperature can decrease the low pressure side solution circulation ratio and increase the COP.Low condensing temperature can decrease the high pressure side solution circulation ratio and increase the COP.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51679250)the High-Tech Ship Research Projects Sponsored by Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(Grant No.[2019-357]).
文摘The collision of ships poses a great threat to the piers in navigable waters.The kinetic energy of the moving ship can be consumed not only with the structural deformation,but also with tensile force from the proposed Floating Two-stage Buffer Collision-Prevention System(FTBCPS).The actual anti-collision effect of the current designed FTBCPS can be evaluated by the dynamic simulation.The construction method of 3D model is introduced,and the system initial state is defined.The transformation matrix and the basic kinematics vector are given,and the system basic dynamics equation is then created.The mechanical analysis on each component is carried out,and the detailed process of numerical simulation is also given.The simulation results indicate that collision direction and collision position have a great influence on the system kinematic response.Bridge pier faces the greatest threat when a ship hits the floater on the front beam in a nearly vertical direction,or on the side beam in a larger course angle.The study shows that the current designed FTBCPS can make full use of the fracture tensile property of polyester ropes and keep the tensile force acted on pier within its bearable range at the same time.The collision direction has a significant effect on the dynamic response of the colliding bodies,but no failure appeared in the simulations,which indicates that the current designed FTBCPS can protect bridge piers of all cases for the 5000-t ship with a velocity smaller than 5 m/s in navigable waters.
基金The research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.51805428Innovation Capability Support Plan of Shaanxi Province,No.2021 TD-27.
文摘With the increasing requirements of precision mechanical systems in electronic packaging,ultra-precision machining,biomedicine and other high-tech fields,it is necessary to study a precision two-stage amplification micro-drive system that can safely provide high precision and a large amplification ratio.In view of the disadvantages of the current two-stage amplification and micro-drive system,such as poor security,low motion accuracy and limited amplification ratio,an optimization design of a precise symmetrical two-stage amplification micro-drive system was completed in this study,and its related performance was studied.Based on the guiding principle of the flexure hinge,a two-stage amplification micro-drive mechanism with no parasitic motion or non-motion direction force was designed.In addition,the structure optimization design of the mechanism was completed using the particle swarm optimization algorithm,which increased the amplification ratio of the mechanism from 5 to 18 times.A precise symmetrical two-stage amplification system was designed using a piezoelectric ceramic actuator and two-stage amplification micro-drive mechanism as the micro-driver and actuator,respectively.The driving,strength,and motion performances of the system were subsequently studied.The results showed that the driving linearity of the system was high,the strength satisfied the design requirements,the motion amplification ratio was high and the motion accuracy was high(relative error was 5.31%).The research in this study can promote the optimization of micro-drive systems.
基金National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project,China(No.71401173)
文摘The degradation process modeling is one of research hotspots of prognostic and health management(PHM),which can be used to estimate system reliability and remaining useful life(RUL).In order to study system degradation process,cumulative damage model is used for degradation modeling.Assuming that damage increment is Gamma distribution,shock counting subjects to a homogeneous Poisson process(HPP)when degradation process is linear,and shock counting is a non-homogeneous Poisson process(NHPP)when degradation process is nonlinear.A two-stage degradation system is considered in this paper,for which the degradation process is linear in the first stage and the degradation process is nonlinear in the second stage.A nonlinear modeling method for considered system is put forward,and reliability model and remaining useful life model are established.A case study is given to validate the veracities of established models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51874068 and 52074062)the Open Funds from the Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines,Northeastern University,China(No.DM2023B03).
文摘During rock drilling and blasting activities,stemming blast holes is to prevent high-pressure explosive gases from the holes,thereby enhancing the overall blasting effectiveness.Hence,it is imperative to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of the stem-ming materials.In this study,impact compression tests were conducted on self-swelling cartridges(SSCs)using a split Hopkinson pres-sure bar(SHPB),aiming to evaluate dynamic performances across strain rate range of 20 to 65 s^(−1).Test results indicate that the dynamic compressive strength of SSCs exhibits the following trends:it increases with increasing density of SSC,decreases with an increase in insertion gap,and follows an initial rise and subsequent fall trend with an increase in water absorption.The order of significance among these factors is density>water absorption>insertion gaps.SSCs exhibit a pronounced strain-rate strengthening dependence in dynamic compressive strength.Furthermore,both the compressive peak stress and peak strain of SSCs follow a well-defined quadratic upward trend with increasing strain rates.As the strain rate increases,the degree of fragmentation,absorbed energy,and dynamic increase factor exhibit an upward trend.Model experimental results indicate that,compared to cementitious stemming materials,SSCs can prolong the duration of gas explosion action.Therefore,SSCs are more suitable for high strain-rate applications such as blasting stemming and rock burst control.
