The Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator(TCSC)presents an effective solution for mitigating transmission congestion in power systems by regulating the distribution of line power flow.However,inherent faults within ...The Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator(TCSC)presents an effective solution for mitigating transmission congestion in power systems by regulating the distribution of line power flow.However,inherent faults within the TCSC may lead to an unintended intensification of transmission congestion in other sections of the system post-installation,resulting in non-coherent phenomena of line blocking.In response to this challenge,this paper introduces a novel two-stage site selectionmethod for TCSC,emphasizing the enhancement of coherence in addressing line-blocking issues.Through rigorous non-coherent verification,this method mitigates the risk of line congestion deterioration due to TCSC faults.In the initial stage of the proposed method,TCSC faults are not considered during the extraction of system states.System state analysis is performed based on the TCSC site selection model,aiming to minimize system load reduction.The preliminary recommended installation position for TCSC is determined by sorting the frequency of TCSC installation occurrences on lines extracted from the analyzed system states.In the subsequent stage,accounting for the influence of TCSC faults on line faults,system operating states are extracted.Line and system congestion indices are calculated through the statistical analysis of the system state analysis results.The installation of TCSC at the preliminary position is scrutinized to identify non-coherent phenomena of line congestion on other lines.If such phenomena are observed,the installation position is excluded,and the TCSC site selection process is reinitiated based on the methodology from the first stage.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,a case study is conducted on a modified RBTS test system.The case study results indicate that,compared with TCSC siting schemes that do not consider transmission congestion non-coherency,the proposed non-coherency-based siting scheme reduces the system congestion expectation(SCE)and system congestion probability(SCP)by 17.7%and 11.4%,respectively,while lowering the LOLP and EENS by 2.56% and 4.55%,respectively.These results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively alleviate transmission congestion and enhance the overall reliability of the system.展开更多
Integrated-energy systems(IESs)are key to advancing renewable-energy utilization and addressing environmental challenges.Key components of IESs include low-carbon,economic dispatch and demand response,for maximizing r...Integrated-energy systems(IESs)are key to advancing renewable-energy utilization and addressing environmental challenges.Key components of IESs include low-carbon,economic dispatch and demand response,for maximizing renewable-energy consumption and supporting sustainable-energy systems.User participation is central to demand response;however,many users are not inclined to engage actively;therefore,the full potential of demand response remains unrealized.User satisfaction must be prioritized in demand-response assessments.This study proposed a two-stage,capacity-optimization configuration method for user-level energy systems con-sidering thermal inertia and user satisfaction.This method addresses load coordination and complementary issues within the IES and seeks to minimize the annual,total cost for determining equipment capacity configurations while introducing models for system thermal inertia and user satisfaction.Indoor heating is adjusted,for optimizing device output and load profiles,with a focus on typical,daily,economic,and environmental objectives.The studyfindings indicate that the system thermal inertia optimizes energy-system scheduling considering user satisfaction.This optimization mitigates environmental concerns and enhances clean-energy integration.展开更多
A novel approach was proposed to allocate spinning reserve for dynamic economic dispatch.The proposed approach set up a two-stage stochastic programming model to allocate reserve.The model was solved using a decompose...A novel approach was proposed to allocate spinning reserve for dynamic economic dispatch.The proposed approach set up a two-stage stochastic programming model to allocate reserve.The model was solved using a decomposed algorithm based on Benders' decomposition.The model and the algorithm were applied to a simple 3-node system and an actual 445-node system for verification,respectively.Test results show that the model can save 84.5 US $ cost for the testing three-node system,and the algorithm can solve the model for 445-node system within 5 min.The test results also illustrate that the proposed approach is efficient and suitable for large system calculation.展开更多
This paper introduces part of the content in the association standard,T/CAAM0002–2020 Nomenclature and Location of Acupuncture Points for Laboratory Animals Part 3:Mouse.This standard was released by the China Associ...This paper introduces part of the content in the association standard,T/CAAM0002–2020 Nomenclature and Location of Acupuncture Points for Laboratory Animals Part 3:Mouse.This standard was released by the China Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion on May 15,2020,implemented on October 31,2020,and published by Standards Press of China.The standard was drafted by the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,and the Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine.Principal draftsmen:Xiang-hong JING and Xing-bang HUA.Participating draftsmen:Wan-zhu BAI,Bin XU,Dong-sheng XU,Yi GUO,Tie-ming MA,Xin-jun WANG,and Sheng-feng LU.展开更多
This paper introduces part of the content in the association standard,T/CAAM0002–2020 Nomenclature and Location of Acupuncture Points for Laboratory Animals Part 2:Rat.This standard was released by the China Associat...This paper introduces part of the content in the association standard,T/CAAM0002–2020 Nomenclature and Location of Acupuncture Points for Laboratory Animals Part 2:Rat.This standard was released by the China Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion on May 15,2020,implemented on October 31,2020,and published by Standards Press of China.The standard was drafted by the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,and the Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine.Principal draftsmen:Xiang-hong JING and Xing-bang HUA.Participating draftsmen:Wan-Zhu BAI,Bin XU,Dong-sheng XU,Yi GUO,Tie-ming MA,Xin-jun WANG,and Sheng-feng LU.展开更多
A new unified constitutive model was developed to predict the two-stage creep-aging(TSCA)behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.The particular bimodal precipitation feature was analyzed and modeled by considering the primary ...A new unified constitutive model was developed to predict the two-stage creep-aging(TSCA)behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.The particular bimodal precipitation feature was analyzed and modeled by considering the primary micro-variables evolution at different temperatures and their interaction.The dislocation density was incorporated into the model to capture the effect of creep deformation on precipitation.Quantitative transmission electron microscopy and experimental data obtained from a previous study were used to calibrate the model.Subsequently,the developed constitutive model was implemented in the finite element(FE)software ABAQUS via the user subroutines for TSCA process simulation and the springback prediction of an integral panel.A TSCA test was performed.The result shows that the maximum radius deviation between the formed plate and the simulation results is less than 0.4 mm,thus validating the effectiveness of the developed constitutive model and FE model.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm network consisting of a collection of micro UAVs can be used for many applications.It is well established that packet routing is a fundamental problem to achieve UAV collaboration.How...Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm network consisting of a collection of micro UAVs can be used for many applications.It is well established that packet routing is a fundamental problem to achieve UAV collaboration.However,the highly dynamic nature of UAVs,frequently changing network topologies and security issues,poses significant challenges to packet forwarding in UAV networks.The existing topology-based routing protocols are not well suited in UAV network due to their high controlling overhead or excessive end-to-end delay.Geographic routing is regarded as a promising solution,as it only requires local information.In order to enhance the accuracy and security of geographic routing in highly dynamic UAV network,in this paper,we propose a new predictive geographic(PGeo)routing strategy with location verification.First,a detection mechanism is adopted to recognize malicious UAVs falsifying their location.Then,an accurate average service time of a packet in the medium access control(MAC)layer is derived to assist location prediction.The proposed delay model can provide a theoretical basis for future work,and our simulation results reveal that PGeo outstrips the existing geographic routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio in the presence of location spoofing behavior.展开更多
Lexical analysis is a fundamental task in natural language processing,which involves several subtasks,such as word segmentation(WS),part-of-speech(POS)tagging,and named entity recognition(NER).Recent works have shown ...Lexical analysis is a fundamental task in natural language processing,which involves several subtasks,such as word segmentation(WS),part-of-speech(POS)tagging,and named entity recognition(NER).Recent works have shown that taking advantage of relatedness between these subtasks can be beneficial.This paper proposes a unified neural framework to address these subtasks simultaneously.Apart from the sequence tagging paradigm,the proposed method tackles the multitask lexical analysis via two-stage sequence span classification.Firstly,the model detects the word and named entity boundaries by multilabel classification over character spans in a sentence.Then,the authors assign POS labels and entity labels for words and named entities by multi-class classification,respectively.Furthermore,a Gated Task Transformation(GTT)is proposed to encourage the model to share valuable features between tasks.The performance of the proposed model was evaluated on Chinese and Thai public datasets,demonstrating state-of-the-art results.展开更多
Applying bio-oxidation waste solution(BOS)to chemical-biological two-stage oxidation process can significantly improve the bio-oxidation efficiency of arsenopyrite.This study aims to clarify the enhanced oxidation mec...Applying bio-oxidation waste solution(BOS)to chemical-biological two-stage oxidation process can significantly improve the bio-oxidation efficiency of arsenopyrite.This study aims to clarify the enhanced oxidation mechanism of arsenopyrite by evaluating the effects of physical and chemical changes of arsenopyrite in BOS chemical oxidation stage on mineral dissolution kinetics,as well as microbial growth activity and community structure composition in bio-oxidation stage.The results showed that the chemical oxidation contributed to destroying the physical and chemical structure of arsenopyrite surface and reducing the particle size,and led to the formation of nitrogenous substances on mineral surface.These chemical oxidation behaviors effectively promoted Fe^(3+)cycling in the bio-oxidation system and weakened the inhibitory effect of the sulfur film on ionic diffusion,thereby enhancing the dissolution kinetics of the arsenopyrite.Therefore,the bio-oxidation efficiency of arsenopyrite was significantly increased in the two-stage oxidation process.After 18 d,the two-stage oxidation process achieved total extraction rates of(88.8±2.0)%,(86.7±1.3)%,and(74.7±3.0)%for As,Fe,and S elements,respectively.These values represented a significant increase of(50.8±3.4)%,(47.1±2.7)%,and(46.0±0.7)%,respectively,compared to the one-stage bio-oxidation process.展开更多
A novel method is developed by utilizing the fractional frequency based multirange rulers to precisely position the passive inter-modulation(PIM)sources within radio frequency(RF)cables.The proposed method employs a s...A novel method is developed by utilizing the fractional frequency based multirange rulers to precisely position the passive inter-modulation(PIM)sources within radio frequency(RF)cables.The proposed method employs a set of fractional frequencies to create multiple measuring rulers with different metric ranges to determine the values of the tens,ones,tenths,and hundredths digits of the distance.Among these rulers,the one with the lowest frequency determines the maximum metric range,while the one with the highest frequency decides the highest achievable accuracy of the position system.For all rulers,the metric accuracy is uniquely determined by the phase accuracy of the detected PIM signals.With the all-phase Fourier transform method,the phases of the PIM signals at all fractional frequencies maintain almost the same accuracy,approximately 1°(about 1/360 wavelength in the positioning accuracy)at the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of 10 d B.Numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,improving the positioning accuracy of the cable PIM up to a millimeter level with the highest fractional frequency operating at 200 MHz.展开更多
Using the existing positioning technology can easily obtain high-precision positioning information,which can save resources and reduce complexity when used in the communication field.In this paper,we propose a locatio...Using the existing positioning technology can easily obtain high-precision positioning information,which can save resources and reduce complexity when used in the communication field.In this paper,we propose a location-based user scheduling and beamforming scheme for the downlink of a massive multi-user input-output system.Specifically,we combine an analog outer beamformer with a digital inner beamformer.An outer beamformer can be selected from a codebook formed by antenna steering vectors,and then a reduced-complexity inner beamformer based on iterative orthogonal matrices and right triangular matrices(QR)decomposition is applied to cancel interuser interference.Then,we propose a low-complexity user selection algorithm using location information in this paper.We first derive the geometric angle between channel matrices,which represent the correlation between users.Furthermore,we derive the asymptotic signal to interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR)of the system in the context of two-stage beamforming using random matrix theory(RMT),taking into account inter-channel correlations and energies.Simulation results show that the algorithm can achieve higher system and speed while reducing computational complexity.展开更多
Exploring the factors driving the decoupling of China’s sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions from economic growth(DEI)is crucial for achieving sustainable development.By analyzing the decoupling indicators and driving fac...Exploring the factors driving the decoupling of China’s sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions from economic growth(DEI)is crucial for achieving sustainable development.By analyzing the decoupling indicators and driving factors at both the generation and treatment stages of SO_(2),more effective targeted mitigation strategies can be developed.We employ the Tapio decoupling model and propose a two-stage method to examine the decoupling issues related to SO_(2).Our findings indicate that:①DEI shows a steady and significant improvement,with SO_(2)emission intensity identified as the primary driver.②for the decoupling of economic growth and SO_(2)generation,energy scale serves as the largest stimulator,while the effect of energy intensity changes from negative to positive,and pollution intensity is first positive and then negative.③For the decoupling of SO_(2)generation and SO_(2)removal,treatment efficiency leads as the largest promoter,followed by treatment intensity.Based on these results,this study recommends that China focuses more on enhancing clean energy utilization and the effectiveness of treatment processes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Two-stage revision is the most common treatment for chronic periprosthetic joint infection of the hip,involving a resection arthroplasty with or without placement of an antibiotic-loaded spacer,followed by ...BACKGROUND Two-stage revision is the most common treatment for chronic periprosthetic joint infection of the hip,involving a resection arthroplasty with or without placement of an antibiotic-loaded spacer,followed by antibiotic therapy before reimplantation.AIM To compare the outcomes and complications of two consecutive treatment protocols for two-stage revision arthroplasty of the infected hip:One using Girdlestone with an antibiotic holiday,the other using custom-made articulating spacers(CUMARS)without an antibiotic holiday.METHODS In this retrospective study,two consecutive cohorts were compared.Group A(2017-2020)underwent two-stage revision with a Girdlestone and an antibiotic holiday before reimplantation,while Group B(2020-2023)received CUMARS whenever possible,and no antibiotic holiday,or a Girdlestone if indicated.The primary outcome was successful infection eradication after one year.Secondary outcomes included surgical duration,length of hospital stay,weight-bearing allowance,discharge destination,and complications.RESULTS A total of 98 patients were included:39 patients in Group A and 59 patients in Group B.Successful infection eradication after one year was achieved in 69%of Group A and 83%of Group B(P=0.164).Patients in Group B were more frequently allowed to bear weight(64%vs 18%,P<0.001),had a shorter in-hospital stay(9 vs 16 days,P<0.001),and were more often discharged home after the first surgery(48%vs 24%,P=0.048).No significant differences were found in(mechanical)complications.CONCLUSION A protocol including CUMARS is a safe and effective treatment,offering faster recovery,shorter length of hospital stay,and enabling more patients to return home during the interval.This reduces strain on patients and the healthcare system,potentially saving costs,without compromising infection control or increasing(mechanical)complications.展开更多
Accurate and rapid determination of source locations is of great significance for surface microseismic monitoring.Traditional methods,such as diffraction stacking,are time-consuming and challenging for real-time monit...Accurate and rapid determination of source locations is of great significance for surface microseismic monitoring.Traditional methods,such as diffraction stacking,are time-consuming and challenging for real-time monitoring.In this study,we propose an approach to locate microseismic events using a deep learning algorithm with surface data.A fully convolutional network is designed to predict source locations.The input data is the waveform of a microseismic event,and the output consists of three 1D Gaussian distributions representing the probability distribution of the source location in the x,y,and z dimensions.The theoretical dataset is generated to train the model,and several data augmentation methods are applied to reduce discrepancies between the theoretical and field data.After applying the trained model to field data,the results demonstrate that our method is fast and achieves comparable location accuracy to the traditional diffraction stacking location method,making it promising for real-time microseismic monitoring.展开更多
Despite advances in surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy,the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC)requires more personalized approaches based on tumor biology and molecular profiling.While some relevant mutations have ...Despite advances in surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy,the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC)requires more personalized approaches based on tumor biology and molecular profiling.While some relevant mutations have been associated with differential response to immunotherapy,such as RAS and BRAF mutations limiting response to anti-epithelial growth factor receptor drugs or microsatellite instability predisposing susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitors,the role of inflammation in dictating tumor progression and treatment response is still under investigation.Several inflammatory biomarkers have been identified to guide patient prognosis.These include the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,Glasgow prognostic score(GPS)and its modified version,lymphocyte-Creactive protein ratio,and platelet-lymphocyte ratio.However,these markers are not yet included in the standard clinical management of patients with CRC,and further research is needed to evaluate their efficacy in different patient populations.A recent study by Wang et al,published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,sheds light on the prognostic significance of pan-immune-inflammation value(PIV)in CRC,particularly concerning primary tumor location.Specifically,the authors found that a high PIV was strongly correlated with worse disease-free survival in patients with left-sided colon cancer,whereas no such association was observed in patients with right-sided colon cancer.Integrating tumor location into the prognostic assessment of CRC may improve our ability to more accurately identify high-risk patients and develop personalized treatment plans that are more likely to improve patient outcomes.展开更多
Micro-nano Earth Observation Satellite(MEOS)constellation has the advantages of low construction cost,short revisit cycle,and high functional density,which is considered a promising solution for serving rapidly growin...Micro-nano Earth Observation Satellite(MEOS)constellation has the advantages of low construction cost,short revisit cycle,and high functional density,which is considered a promising solution for serving rapidly growing observation demands.The observation Scheduling Problem in the MEOS constellation(MEOSSP)is a challenging issue due to the large number of satellites and tasks,as well as complex observation constraints.To address the large-scale and complicated MEOSSP,we develop a Two-Stage Scheduling Algorithm based on the Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(TSSA-PNA).In TSSA-PNA,the MEOS observation scheduling is decomposed into a task allocation stage and a single-MEOS scheduling stage.In the task allocation stage,an adaptive task allocation algorithm with four problem-specific allocation operators is proposed to reallocate the unscheduled tasks to new MEOSs.Regarding the single-MEOS scheduling stage,we design a pointer network based on the encoder-decoder architecture to learn the optimal singleMEOS scheduling solution and introduce the attention mechanism into the encoder to improve the learning efficiency.The Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(PNA)can generate the single-MEOS scheduling solution quickly in an end-to-end manner.These two decomposed stages are performed iteratively to search for the solution with high profit.A greedy local search algorithm is developed to improve the profits further.The performance of the PNA and TSSA-PNA on singleMEOS and multi-MEOS scheduling problems are evaluated in the experiments.The experimental results demonstrate that PNA can obtain the approximate solution for the single-MEOS scheduling problem in a short time.Besides,the TSSA-PNA can achieve higher observation profits than the existing scheduling algorithms within the acceptable computational time for the large-scale MEOS scheduling problem.展开更多
Data centers operate as physical digital infrastructure for generating,storing,computing,transmitting,and utilizing massive data and information,constituting the backbone of the flourishing digital economy across the ...Data centers operate as physical digital infrastructure for generating,storing,computing,transmitting,and utilizing massive data and information,constituting the backbone of the flourishing digital economy across the world.Given the lack of a consistent analysis for studying the locational factors of data centers and empirical deficiencies in longitudinal investigations on spatial dynamics of heterogeneous data centers,this paper develops a comprehensive analytical framework to examine the dynamic geographies and locational factors of techno-environmentally heterogeneous data centers across Chinese cities in the period of 2006–2021.First,we develop a“supply-demand-environment trinity”analytical framework as well as an accompanying evaluation indicator system with Chinese characteristics.Second,the dynamic geographies of data centers in Chinese cities over the last decades are characterized as spatial polarization in economically leading urban agglomerations alongside persistent interregional gaps across eastern,central,and western regions.Data centers present dual spatial expansion trajectories featuring outward radiation from eastern core urban agglomerations to adjacent peripheries and leapfrog diffusion to strategic central and western digital infrastructural hubs.Third,it is empirically verified that data center construction in Chinese cities over the last decades has been jointly influenced by supply-,demand-,and environment-side locational factors,echoing the efficacy of the trinity analytical framework.Overall,our findings demonstrate the temporal variance,contextual contingency,and attribute-based differentiation of locational factors underlying techno-environmentally heterogeneous data centers in Chinese cities.展开更多
Microseismic (MS) source location plays an important role in MS monitoring. This paper proposes a MS source location method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and multi-sensor arrays, where a free weight joint...Microseismic (MS) source location plays an important role in MS monitoring. This paper proposes a MS source location method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and multi-sensor arrays, where a free weight joints the P-wave first arrival data. This method adaptively adjusts the preference for “superior” arrays and leverages “inferior” arrays to escape local optima, thereby improving the location accuracy. The effectiveness and stability of this method were validated through synthetic tests, pencil-lead break (PLB) experiments, and mining engineering applications. Specifically, for synthetic tests with 1 μs Gaussian noise and 100 μs large noise in rock samples, the location error of the multi-sensor arrays jointed location method is only 0.30 cm, which improves location accuracy by 97.51% compared to that using a single sensor array. The average location error of PLB events on three surfaces of a rock sample is reduced by 48.95%, 26.40%, and 55.84%, respectively. For mine blast event tests, the average location error of the dual sensor arrays jointed method is 62.74 m, 54.32% and 14.29% lower than that using only sensor arrays 1 and 2, respectively. In summary, the proposed multi-sensor arrays jointed location method demonstrates good noise resistance, stability, and accuracy, providing a compelling new solution for MS location in relevant mining scenarios.展开更多
The study area is rich in shale gas resources and has reached the stage of comprehensive development. Shale gas extraction poses risks such as induced seismicity and well closure, compounded by the limited availabilit...The study area is rich in shale gas resources and has reached the stage of comprehensive development. Shale gas extraction poses risks such as induced seismicity and well closure, compounded by the limited availability of fi xed seismic monitoring stations nearby. To address these challenges, a dense observation array was developed within the study area to monitor and analyze microseismic activity during hydraulic fracturing. Microseismic events generated by hydraulic fracturing typically exhibit low amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio, rendering traditional manual analysis methods impractical. To overcome these limitations, an innovative artifi cial intelligence method combining picking-association-location (PAL) and match-expand- shift-stack (MESS) techniques (PALM) has been utilized for automated seismic detection. Numerous factors influence the accuracy of microseismic detection and localization. To evaluate these factors, the effects of various velocity structure models, instrument types, and station distributions on seismic location were analyzed and compared. The results indicate that the PALM method significantly mitigates the influence of velocity structure models on seismic location accuracy. Additionally, the use of broadband seismic instruments and a uniform station distribution enhances the precision of seismic location results. Furthermore, by integrating data from diff erent types of observation instruments, a comprehensive seismic catalog for the study area was established. These fi ndings not only enhance seismic location accuracy but also provide valuable guidance for optimizing regional seismic monitoring network design and improving seismic risk assessment.展开更多
The travel-time corrections for the primary seismic phases of 72 stations in the Guangdong seismic network,relative to the 1D South China travel-time model,were determined using joint hypocentral determination(JHD)and...The travel-time corrections for the primary seismic phases of 72 stations in the Guangdong seismic network,relative to the 1D South China travel-time model,were determined using joint hypocentral determination(JHD)and statistical analysis methods.The travel-time corrections for the Pg phase of 72 stations range between-0.25 s and 0.14 s,while the corrections for the Sg phase range between 0.27 s and 0.35 s,and those for the Pn phase are between-0.86 s and 0.07 s.The spatial distribution of travel-time corrections for Pg,Sg,and Pn phases of 72 stations correlates well with the geological structure in this region.This indicates that the travel-time corrections for Pg and Sg phases are mainly caused by the discrepancy between the actual crustal velocity structure beneath the stations and the 1D South China travel-time model.These corrections empirically compensate for systematic travel-time errors arising from such discrepancies.The primary factor contributing to the travel-time corrections for the Pn phase is the Moho undulations or tilt.These corrections are intended to compensate for systematic errors in travel time caused by variations in the actual Moho.By integrating the obtained travel-time corrections into the HYPO-SAT location algorithm,test results showed an obvious improvement in location accuracy and origin time precision for explosion events.The variation of horizontal distance between repeating earthquake pairs has also improved,with 86%of the repeating earthquake pair spacing being more accurately estimated after correction.This suggests the crucial significance of travel-time correction in earthquake location,and the consideration of travel-time correction exerts a notable impact on enhancing earthquake location accuracy.展开更多
基金supported by Graduate Research and Innovation Program Project of Nanjing Institute of Technology(No.TB202517078).
文摘The Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator(TCSC)presents an effective solution for mitigating transmission congestion in power systems by regulating the distribution of line power flow.However,inherent faults within the TCSC may lead to an unintended intensification of transmission congestion in other sections of the system post-installation,resulting in non-coherent phenomena of line blocking.In response to this challenge,this paper introduces a novel two-stage site selectionmethod for TCSC,emphasizing the enhancement of coherence in addressing line-blocking issues.Through rigorous non-coherent verification,this method mitigates the risk of line congestion deterioration due to TCSC faults.In the initial stage of the proposed method,TCSC faults are not considered during the extraction of system states.System state analysis is performed based on the TCSC site selection model,aiming to minimize system load reduction.The preliminary recommended installation position for TCSC is determined by sorting the frequency of TCSC installation occurrences on lines extracted from the analyzed system states.In the subsequent stage,accounting for the influence of TCSC faults on line faults,system operating states are extracted.Line and system congestion indices are calculated through the statistical analysis of the system state analysis results.The installation of TCSC at the preliminary position is scrutinized to identify non-coherent phenomena of line congestion on other lines.If such phenomena are observed,the installation position is excluded,and the TCSC site selection process is reinitiated based on the methodology from the first stage.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,a case study is conducted on a modified RBTS test system.The case study results indicate that,compared with TCSC siting schemes that do not consider transmission congestion non-coherency,the proposed non-coherency-based siting scheme reduces the system congestion expectation(SCE)and system congestion probability(SCP)by 17.7%and 11.4%,respectively,while lowering the LOLP and EENS by 2.56% and 4.55%,respectively.These results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively alleviate transmission congestion and enhance the overall reliability of the system.
基金supported by the science and technology foundation of Guizhou province[2022]general 013the science and technology foundation of Guizhou province[2022]general 014+1 种基金the science and technology foundation of Guizhou province GCC[2022]016-1the educational technology foundation of Guizhou province[2022]043.
文摘Integrated-energy systems(IESs)are key to advancing renewable-energy utilization and addressing environmental challenges.Key components of IESs include low-carbon,economic dispatch and demand response,for maximizing renewable-energy consumption and supporting sustainable-energy systems.User participation is central to demand response;however,many users are not inclined to engage actively;therefore,the full potential of demand response remains unrealized.User satisfaction must be prioritized in demand-response assessments.This study proposed a two-stage,capacity-optimization configuration method for user-level energy systems con-sidering thermal inertia and user satisfaction.This method addresses load coordination and complementary issues within the IES and seeks to minimize the annual,total cost for determining equipment capacity configurations while introducing models for system thermal inertia and user satisfaction.Indoor heating is adjusted,for optimizing device output and load profiles,with a focus on typical,daily,economic,and environmental objectives.The studyfindings indicate that the system thermal inertia optimizes energy-system scheduling considering user satisfaction.This optimization mitigates environmental concerns and enhances clean-energy integration.
基金Projects(51007047,51077087)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013CB228205)supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China+1 种基金Project(20100131120039)supported by Higher Learning Doctor Discipline End Scientific Research Fund of the Ministry of Education Institution,ChinaProject(ZR2010EQ035)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China
文摘A novel approach was proposed to allocate spinning reserve for dynamic economic dispatch.The proposed approach set up a two-stage stochastic programming model to allocate reserve.The model was solved using a decomposed algorithm based on Benders' decomposition.The model and the algorithm were applied to a simple 3-node system and an actual 445-node system for verification,respectively.Test results show that the model can save 84.5 US $ cost for the testing three-node system,and the algorithm can solve the model for 445-node system within 5 min.The test results also illustrate that the proposed approach is efficient and suitable for large system calculation.
文摘This paper introduces part of the content in the association standard,T/CAAM0002–2020 Nomenclature and Location of Acupuncture Points for Laboratory Animals Part 3:Mouse.This standard was released by the China Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion on May 15,2020,implemented on October 31,2020,and published by Standards Press of China.The standard was drafted by the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,and the Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine.Principal draftsmen:Xiang-hong JING and Xing-bang HUA.Participating draftsmen:Wan-zhu BAI,Bin XU,Dong-sheng XU,Yi GUO,Tie-ming MA,Xin-jun WANG,and Sheng-feng LU.
文摘This paper introduces part of the content in the association standard,T/CAAM0002–2020 Nomenclature and Location of Acupuncture Points for Laboratory Animals Part 2:Rat.This standard was released by the China Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion on May 15,2020,implemented on October 31,2020,and published by Standards Press of China.The standard was drafted by the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,and the Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine.Principal draftsmen:Xiang-hong JING and Xing-bang HUA.Participating draftsmen:Wan-Zhu BAI,Bin XU,Dong-sheng XU,Yi GUO,Tie-ming MA,Xin-jun WANG,and Sheng-feng LU.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3400900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52175373,52205435)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2022JJ40621)the Innovation Fund of National Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing Engineering Technology Center,China(No.COMACSFGS-2022-1875)。
文摘A new unified constitutive model was developed to predict the two-stage creep-aging(TSCA)behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.The particular bimodal precipitation feature was analyzed and modeled by considering the primary micro-variables evolution at different temperatures and their interaction.The dislocation density was incorporated into the model to capture the effect of creep deformation on precipitation.Quantitative transmission electron microscopy and experimental data obtained from a previous study were used to calibrate the model.Subsequently,the developed constitutive model was implemented in the finite element(FE)software ABAQUS via the user subroutines for TSCA process simulation and the springback prediction of an integral panel.A TSCA test was performed.The result shows that the maximum radius deviation between the formed plate and the simulation results is less than 0.4 mm,thus validating the effectiveness of the developed constitutive model and FE model.
基金co-supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFE0107900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62222105)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2024A1515010235)the 2024 China Unicom Guangdong low-altitude communication and sensing key technology research and digital twin platform research and development project(No.20241890).
文摘Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm network consisting of a collection of micro UAVs can be used for many applications.It is well established that packet routing is a fundamental problem to achieve UAV collaboration.However,the highly dynamic nature of UAVs,frequently changing network topologies and security issues,poses significant challenges to packet forwarding in UAV networks.The existing topology-based routing protocols are not well suited in UAV network due to their high controlling overhead or excessive end-to-end delay.Geographic routing is regarded as a promising solution,as it only requires local information.In order to enhance the accuracy and security of geographic routing in highly dynamic UAV network,in this paper,we propose a new predictive geographic(PGeo)routing strategy with location verification.First,a detection mechanism is adopted to recognize malicious UAVs falsifying their location.Then,an accurate average service time of a packet in the medium access control(MAC)layer is derived to assist location prediction.The proposed delay model can provide a theoretical basis for future work,and our simulation results reveal that PGeo outstrips the existing geographic routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio in the presence of location spoofing behavior.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62266028,62266027,U21B2027,and U24A20334)Major Science and Technology Programs in Yunnan Province(Grant No.202302AD080003,202402AG050007,and 202303AP140008)+1 种基金Yunnan Province Basic Research Program(Grant No.202301AS070047,202301AT070471,and 202401BC070021)Kunming University of Science and Technology's"Double First-rate"construction joint project(Grant No.202201BE070001-021).
文摘Lexical analysis is a fundamental task in natural language processing,which involves several subtasks,such as word segmentation(WS),part-of-speech(POS)tagging,and named entity recognition(NER).Recent works have shown that taking advantage of relatedness between these subtasks can be beneficial.This paper proposes a unified neural framework to address these subtasks simultaneously.Apart from the sequence tagging paradigm,the proposed method tackles the multitask lexical analysis via two-stage sequence span classification.Firstly,the model detects the word and named entity boundaries by multilabel classification over character spans in a sentence.Then,the authors assign POS labels and entity labels for words and named entities by multi-class classification,respectively.Furthermore,a Gated Task Transformation(GTT)is proposed to encourage the model to share valuable features between tasks.The performance of the proposed model was evaluated on Chinese and Thai public datasets,demonstrating state-of-the-art results.
基金Project(52274348)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022JH1/10400024)supported by the Major Projects for the“Revealed Top”Science and Technology of Liaoning Province,China。
文摘Applying bio-oxidation waste solution(BOS)to chemical-biological two-stage oxidation process can significantly improve the bio-oxidation efficiency of arsenopyrite.This study aims to clarify the enhanced oxidation mechanism of arsenopyrite by evaluating the effects of physical and chemical changes of arsenopyrite in BOS chemical oxidation stage on mineral dissolution kinetics,as well as microbial growth activity and community structure composition in bio-oxidation stage.The results showed that the chemical oxidation contributed to destroying the physical and chemical structure of arsenopyrite surface and reducing the particle size,and led to the formation of nitrogenous substances on mineral surface.These chemical oxidation behaviors effectively promoted Fe^(3+)cycling in the bio-oxidation system and weakened the inhibitory effect of the sulfur film on ionic diffusion,thereby enhancing the dissolution kinetics of the arsenopyrite.Therefore,the bio-oxidation efficiency of arsenopyrite was significantly increased in the two-stage oxidation process.After 18 d,the two-stage oxidation process achieved total extraction rates of(88.8±2.0)%,(86.7±1.3)%,and(74.7±3.0)%for As,Fe,and S elements,respectively.These values represented a significant increase of(50.8±3.4)%,(47.1±2.7)%,and(46.0±0.7)%,respectively,compared to the one-stage bio-oxidation process.
文摘A novel method is developed by utilizing the fractional frequency based multirange rulers to precisely position the passive inter-modulation(PIM)sources within radio frequency(RF)cables.The proposed method employs a set of fractional frequencies to create multiple measuring rulers with different metric ranges to determine the values of the tens,ones,tenths,and hundredths digits of the distance.Among these rulers,the one with the lowest frequency determines the maximum metric range,while the one with the highest frequency decides the highest achievable accuracy of the position system.For all rulers,the metric accuracy is uniquely determined by the phase accuracy of the detected PIM signals.With the all-phase Fourier transform method,the phases of the PIM signals at all fractional frequencies maintain almost the same accuracy,approximately 1°(about 1/360 wavelength in the positioning accuracy)at the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of 10 d B.Numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,improving the positioning accuracy of the cable PIM up to a millimeter level with the highest fractional frequency operating at 200 MHz.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61901341).
文摘Using the existing positioning technology can easily obtain high-precision positioning information,which can save resources and reduce complexity when used in the communication field.In this paper,we propose a location-based user scheduling and beamforming scheme for the downlink of a massive multi-user input-output system.Specifically,we combine an analog outer beamformer with a digital inner beamformer.An outer beamformer can be selected from a codebook formed by antenna steering vectors,and then a reduced-complexity inner beamformer based on iterative orthogonal matrices and right triangular matrices(QR)decomposition is applied to cancel interuser interference.Then,we propose a low-complexity user selection algorithm using location information in this paper.We first derive the geometric angle between channel matrices,which represent the correlation between users.Furthermore,we derive the asymptotic signal to interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR)of the system in the context of two-stage beamforming using random matrix theory(RMT),taking into account inter-channel correlations and energies.Simulation results show that the algorithm can achieve higher system and speed while reducing computational complexity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.52270183].
文摘Exploring the factors driving the decoupling of China’s sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions from economic growth(DEI)is crucial for achieving sustainable development.By analyzing the decoupling indicators and driving factors at both the generation and treatment stages of SO_(2),more effective targeted mitigation strategies can be developed.We employ the Tapio decoupling model and propose a two-stage method to examine the decoupling issues related to SO_(2).Our findings indicate that:①DEI shows a steady and significant improvement,with SO_(2)emission intensity identified as the primary driver.②for the decoupling of economic growth and SO_(2)generation,energy scale serves as the largest stimulator,while the effect of energy intensity changes from negative to positive,and pollution intensity is first positive and then negative.③For the decoupling of SO_(2)generation and SO_(2)removal,treatment efficiency leads as the largest promoter,followed by treatment intensity.Based on these results,this study recommends that China focuses more on enhancing clean energy utilization and the effectiveness of treatment processes.
文摘BACKGROUND Two-stage revision is the most common treatment for chronic periprosthetic joint infection of the hip,involving a resection arthroplasty with or without placement of an antibiotic-loaded spacer,followed by antibiotic therapy before reimplantation.AIM To compare the outcomes and complications of two consecutive treatment protocols for two-stage revision arthroplasty of the infected hip:One using Girdlestone with an antibiotic holiday,the other using custom-made articulating spacers(CUMARS)without an antibiotic holiday.METHODS In this retrospective study,two consecutive cohorts were compared.Group A(2017-2020)underwent two-stage revision with a Girdlestone and an antibiotic holiday before reimplantation,while Group B(2020-2023)received CUMARS whenever possible,and no antibiotic holiday,or a Girdlestone if indicated.The primary outcome was successful infection eradication after one year.Secondary outcomes included surgical duration,length of hospital stay,weight-bearing allowance,discharge destination,and complications.RESULTS A total of 98 patients were included:39 patients in Group A and 59 patients in Group B.Successful infection eradication after one year was achieved in 69%of Group A and 83%of Group B(P=0.164).Patients in Group B were more frequently allowed to bear weight(64%vs 18%,P<0.001),had a shorter in-hospital stay(9 vs 16 days,P<0.001),and were more often discharged home after the first surgery(48%vs 24%,P=0.048).No significant differences were found in(mechanical)complications.CONCLUSION A protocol including CUMARS is a safe and effective treatment,offering faster recovery,shorter length of hospital stay,and enabling more patients to return home during the interval.This reduces strain on patients and the healthcare system,potentially saving costs,without compromising infection control or increasing(mechanical)complications.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant(No.42004040,42474092,U2239204,and 42304145)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province Grant(20242BAB25190 and 20232BAB213077).
文摘Accurate and rapid determination of source locations is of great significance for surface microseismic monitoring.Traditional methods,such as diffraction stacking,are time-consuming and challenging for real-time monitoring.In this study,we propose an approach to locate microseismic events using a deep learning algorithm with surface data.A fully convolutional network is designed to predict source locations.The input data is the waveform of a microseismic event,and the output consists of three 1D Gaussian distributions representing the probability distribution of the source location in the x,y,and z dimensions.The theoretical dataset is generated to train the model,and several data augmentation methods are applied to reduce discrepancies between the theoretical and field data.After applying the trained model to field data,the results demonstrate that our method is fast and achieves comparable location accuracy to the traditional diffraction stacking location method,making it promising for real-time microseismic monitoring.
文摘Despite advances in surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy,the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC)requires more personalized approaches based on tumor biology and molecular profiling.While some relevant mutations have been associated with differential response to immunotherapy,such as RAS and BRAF mutations limiting response to anti-epithelial growth factor receptor drugs or microsatellite instability predisposing susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitors,the role of inflammation in dictating tumor progression and treatment response is still under investigation.Several inflammatory biomarkers have been identified to guide patient prognosis.These include the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,Glasgow prognostic score(GPS)and its modified version,lymphocyte-Creactive protein ratio,and platelet-lymphocyte ratio.However,these markers are not yet included in the standard clinical management of patients with CRC,and further research is needed to evaluate their efficacy in different patient populations.A recent study by Wang et al,published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,sheds light on the prognostic significance of pan-immune-inflammation value(PIV)in CRC,particularly concerning primary tumor location.Specifically,the authors found that a high PIV was strongly correlated with worse disease-free survival in patients with left-sided colon cancer,whereas no such association was observed in patients with right-sided colon cancer.Integrating tumor location into the prognostic assessment of CRC may improve our ability to more accurately identify high-risk patients and develop personalized treatment plans that are more likely to improve patient outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62101587)the National Funded Postdoctoral Researcher Program of China(No.GZC20233578)。
文摘Micro-nano Earth Observation Satellite(MEOS)constellation has the advantages of low construction cost,short revisit cycle,and high functional density,which is considered a promising solution for serving rapidly growing observation demands.The observation Scheduling Problem in the MEOS constellation(MEOSSP)is a challenging issue due to the large number of satellites and tasks,as well as complex observation constraints.To address the large-scale and complicated MEOSSP,we develop a Two-Stage Scheduling Algorithm based on the Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(TSSA-PNA).In TSSA-PNA,the MEOS observation scheduling is decomposed into a task allocation stage and a single-MEOS scheduling stage.In the task allocation stage,an adaptive task allocation algorithm with four problem-specific allocation operators is proposed to reallocate the unscheduled tasks to new MEOSs.Regarding the single-MEOS scheduling stage,we design a pointer network based on the encoder-decoder architecture to learn the optimal singleMEOS scheduling solution and introduce the attention mechanism into the encoder to improve the learning efficiency.The Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(PNA)can generate the single-MEOS scheduling solution quickly in an end-to-end manner.These two decomposed stages are performed iteratively to search for the solution with high profit.A greedy local search algorithm is developed to improve the profits further.The performance of the PNA and TSSA-PNA on singleMEOS and multi-MEOS scheduling problems are evaluated in the experiments.The experimental results demonstrate that PNA can obtain the approximate solution for the single-MEOS scheduling problem in a short time.Besides,the TSSA-PNA can achieve higher observation profits than the existing scheduling algorithms within the acceptable computational time for the large-scale MEOS scheduling problem.
基金Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China,No.21&ZD107。
文摘Data centers operate as physical digital infrastructure for generating,storing,computing,transmitting,and utilizing massive data and information,constituting the backbone of the flourishing digital economy across the world.Given the lack of a consistent analysis for studying the locational factors of data centers and empirical deficiencies in longitudinal investigations on spatial dynamics of heterogeneous data centers,this paper develops a comprehensive analytical framework to examine the dynamic geographies and locational factors of techno-environmentally heterogeneous data centers across Chinese cities in the period of 2006–2021.First,we develop a“supply-demand-environment trinity”analytical framework as well as an accompanying evaluation indicator system with Chinese characteristics.Second,the dynamic geographies of data centers in Chinese cities over the last decades are characterized as spatial polarization in economically leading urban agglomerations alongside persistent interregional gaps across eastern,central,and western regions.Data centers present dual spatial expansion trajectories featuring outward radiation from eastern core urban agglomerations to adjacent peripheries and leapfrog diffusion to strategic central and western digital infrastructural hubs.Third,it is empirically verified that data center construction in Chinese cities over the last decades has been jointly influenced by supply-,demand-,and environment-side locational factors,echoing the efficacy of the trinity analytical framework.Overall,our findings demonstrate the temporal variance,contextual contingency,and attribute-based differentiation of locational factors underlying techno-environmentally heterogeneous data centers in Chinese cities.
基金Project(SICGM2023301) supported by the State Key Laboratory of Strata Intelligent Control and Green Mining Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology,ChinaProject(SMDPC202202) supported by the Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control,ChinaProject(U21A2030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Microseismic (MS) source location plays an important role in MS monitoring. This paper proposes a MS source location method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and multi-sensor arrays, where a free weight joints the P-wave first arrival data. This method adaptively adjusts the preference for “superior” arrays and leverages “inferior” arrays to escape local optima, thereby improving the location accuracy. The effectiveness and stability of this method were validated through synthetic tests, pencil-lead break (PLB) experiments, and mining engineering applications. Specifically, for synthetic tests with 1 μs Gaussian noise and 100 μs large noise in rock samples, the location error of the multi-sensor arrays jointed location method is only 0.30 cm, which improves location accuracy by 97.51% compared to that using a single sensor array. The average location error of PLB events on three surfaces of a rock sample is reduced by 48.95%, 26.40%, and 55.84%, respectively. For mine blast event tests, the average location error of the dual sensor arrays jointed method is 62.74 m, 54.32% and 14.29% lower than that using only sensor arrays 1 and 2, respectively. In summary, the proposed multi-sensor arrays jointed location method demonstrates good noise resistance, stability, and accuracy, providing a compelling new solution for MS location in relevant mining scenarios.
基金the support of the China Three Gorges Corporation Science and Technology Fund, with the numbers 0799275the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, with the numbers 42174177 and 62106239。
文摘The study area is rich in shale gas resources and has reached the stage of comprehensive development. Shale gas extraction poses risks such as induced seismicity and well closure, compounded by the limited availability of fi xed seismic monitoring stations nearby. To address these challenges, a dense observation array was developed within the study area to monitor and analyze microseismic activity during hydraulic fracturing. Microseismic events generated by hydraulic fracturing typically exhibit low amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio, rendering traditional manual analysis methods impractical. To overcome these limitations, an innovative artifi cial intelligence method combining picking-association-location (PAL) and match-expand- shift-stack (MESS) techniques (PALM) has been utilized for automated seismic detection. Numerous factors influence the accuracy of microseismic detection and localization. To evaluate these factors, the effects of various velocity structure models, instrument types, and station distributions on seismic location were analyzed and compared. The results indicate that the PALM method significantly mitigates the influence of velocity structure models on seismic location accuracy. Additionally, the use of broadband seismic instruments and a uniform station distribution enhances the precision of seismic location results. Furthermore, by integrating data from diff erent types of observation instruments, a comprehensive seismic catalog for the study area was established. These fi ndings not only enhance seismic location accuracy but also provide valuable guidance for optimizing regional seismic monitoring network design and improving seismic risk assessment.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3008605)the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(311021002)the Seismological Research Foundation for Youths of Guangdong Earthquake Agency(Open Funding Project of Key Laboratory of Earthquake Monitoring and Disaster Mitigation Technology,China Earthquake Administration)(GDDZY202309)。
文摘The travel-time corrections for the primary seismic phases of 72 stations in the Guangdong seismic network,relative to the 1D South China travel-time model,were determined using joint hypocentral determination(JHD)and statistical analysis methods.The travel-time corrections for the Pg phase of 72 stations range between-0.25 s and 0.14 s,while the corrections for the Sg phase range between 0.27 s and 0.35 s,and those for the Pn phase are between-0.86 s and 0.07 s.The spatial distribution of travel-time corrections for Pg,Sg,and Pn phases of 72 stations correlates well with the geological structure in this region.This indicates that the travel-time corrections for Pg and Sg phases are mainly caused by the discrepancy between the actual crustal velocity structure beneath the stations and the 1D South China travel-time model.These corrections empirically compensate for systematic travel-time errors arising from such discrepancies.The primary factor contributing to the travel-time corrections for the Pn phase is the Moho undulations or tilt.These corrections are intended to compensate for systematic errors in travel time caused by variations in the actual Moho.By integrating the obtained travel-time corrections into the HYPO-SAT location algorithm,test results showed an obvious improvement in location accuracy and origin time precision for explosion events.The variation of horizontal distance between repeating earthquake pairs has also improved,with 86%of the repeating earthquake pair spacing being more accurately estimated after correction.This suggests the crucial significance of travel-time correction in earthquake location,and the consideration of travel-time correction exerts a notable impact on enhancing earthquake location accuracy.
