Nonlinear energy transfer is represented through eddy viscosity and stochastic forcing within the framework of resolvent analysis.Previous investigations estimate the contribution of eddy-viscosity-enhanced resolvent ...Nonlinear energy transfer is represented through eddy viscosity and stochastic forcing within the framework of resolvent analysis.Previous investigations estimate the contribution of eddy-viscosity-enhanced resolvent opera-tor to nonlinear energy transfer.The present article estimates the contribution of stochastic forcing to nonlinear energy transfer and demonstrates that the contribution of stochastic forcing cannot be ignored.These results are achieved by numerically comparing the eddy-viscosity-enhanced resolvent operator and stochastic forcing with nonlinear energy transfer in turbulent channel flows.Furthermore,the numerical results indicate that composite resolvent operators can improve the prediction of nonlinear energy transfer.展开更多
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis(GPA)poses significant therapeutic challenges due to its susceptibility to concurrent infections and frequent relapses.Professor SHI Zaixiang proposed the therapeutic theory of lifting ...Granulomatosis with polyangiitis(GPA)poses significant therapeutic challenges due to its susceptibility to concurrent infections and frequent relapses.Professor SHI Zaixiang proposed the therapeutic theory of lifting depression and removing blood stasis,resolving phlegm and dispelling nodulation for GPA management.He identified the core pathogenesis as“Qi collapse with collateral obstruction and phlegm-stasis intermingling”,establishing the treatment principle of comprehensive intervention through ascending ancestral Qi,activating blood circulation,and resolving phlegm-stasis nodules.In clinical practice,Professor SHI emphasizes maintaining immune homeostasis with herbal medicine to enhance efficiency,while dynamically balancing Qi,blood,Yin,and Yang.Notably,he highlights the critical role of emotional factors in autoimmune disease progression.A representative case was provided to elucidate his clinical reasoning in GPA treatment.展开更多
Recent advances in spatially resolved transcriptomics(SRT)have provided new opportunities for characterizing spatial structures of various tissues.Graph-based geometric deep learning has gained widespread adoption for...Recent advances in spatially resolved transcriptomics(SRT)have provided new opportunities for characterizing spatial structures of various tissues.Graph-based geometric deep learning has gained widespread adoption for spatial domain identification tasks.Currently,most methods define adjacency relation between cells or spots by their spatial distance in SRT data,which overlooks key biological interactions like gene expression similarities,and leads to inaccuracies in spatial domain identification.To tackle this challenge,we propose a novel method,SpaGRA(https://github.com/sunxue-yy/SpaGRA),for automatic multi-relationship construction based on graph augmentation.SpaGRA uses spatial distance as prior knowledge and dynamically adjusts edge weights with multi-head graph attention networks(GATs).This helps SpaGRA to uncover diverse node relationships and enhance message passing in geometric contrastive learning.Additionally,SpaGRA uses these multi-view relationships to construct negative samples,addressing sampling bias posed by random selection.Experimental results show that SpaGRA presents superior domain identification performance on multiple datasets generated from different protocols.Using SpaGRA,we analyze the functional regions in the mouse hypothalamus,identify key genes related to heart development in mouse embryos,and observe cancer-associated fibroblasts enveloping cancer cells in the latest Visium HD data.Overall,SpaGRA can effectively characterize spatial structures across diverse SRT datasets.展开更多
Silicene,a silicon analog of graphene,holds promise for next-generation electronics due to its tunable bandgap and larger spin-orbit coupling.Despite extensive efforts to synthesize and characterize silicene on metal ...Silicene,a silicon analog of graphene,holds promise for next-generation electronics due to its tunable bandgap and larger spin-orbit coupling.Despite extensive efforts to synthesize and characterize silicene on metal substrates,bondresolved imaging of its atomic structure has remained elusive.Here,we report the fabrication and bond-resolved characterization of silicene on Au(111)substrate.Three silicene phases tuned by surface reconstruction and annealing temperatures are achieved.Using CO-terminated scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)tips,we resolve these silicene phases with atomic precision,determining their bond lengths,local strain,and geometric configurations.Furthermore,we correlate these structural features with their electronic properties,revealing the effect of strain and substrate interactions on the electronic properties of silicene.This work establishes silicene's intrinsic bonding topology and resolves longstanding controversies in silicene research.展开更多
This letter demonstrates an experimental approach to measuring the angular-momentum-resolved population of excited states in laser-produced argon ions.By measuring the spectra of free induction decay emissions corresp...This letter demonstrates an experimental approach to measuring the angular-momentum-resolved population of excited states in laser-produced argon ions.By measuring the spectra of free induction decay emissions corresponding to the resonant transitions between Rydberg states,the relative population of the Rydberg states is obtained with known Einstein A-coefficients.This study deepens the mechanistic understanding of coherent dynamics in laser-driven ionic excited states,and establishes experimental benchmarks essential for validating and refining advanced quantum kinetic models in strong-field physics.展开更多
An effective approach for optimizing the rotor contour for variable reluctance(VR)resolver is presented.Using this approach,the procedure for optimizing the rotor is divided into two parts:the establishment of initial...An effective approach for optimizing the rotor contour for variable reluctance(VR)resolver is presented.Using this approach,the procedure for optimizing the rotor is divided into two parts:the establishment of initial shape curve,and then computation for the optimization.In order to simplify the process of the former,a shape function is constructed.And the latter is carried out by Taguchi optimization method and finite element method(FEM).An example of a 3-10 VR resolver is used to present the procedure of the optimization,and the testing results confirmed the effectivity of the approach.展开更多
The configuration of a brushless DC torque motor is introduced. According to the fundamental relation of the armature winding current and the air gap flux density, the ripple torque caused by the electrical errors of ...The configuration of a brushless DC torque motor is introduced. According to the fundamental relation of the armature winding current and the air gap flux density, the ripple torque caused by the electrical errors of a resolver is approached. And a polyphase multipole resolver is developed in the brushless DC torque motor. Finally, the experimental results are presented to illustrate the improvement of ripple torque in the brushless DC torque motor with the polyphase multipole resolver.展开更多
The construction of a new beamline,BL10U1,was completed at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility in 2020.This multipurpose beamline was designed to provide X-ray scattering techniques such as ultra-small-angle X...The construction of a new beamline,BL10U1,was completed at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility in 2020.This multipurpose beamline was designed to provide X-ray scattering techniques such as ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering(USAXS),small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS),wide-angle X-ray scattering,and microfocus SAXS(μSAXS)for a broad user community.To realize fast time-resolved USAXS experiments,the beamline adopted an in-vacuum undulator with a total length of 1.6 m as the photon source.An in-house cryogenic-cooled double multilayer monochromator was installed to deliver a photon flux of approximately 10^(13) photons/s at a photon energy of 10 keV.The three-year successful operation of this beamline demonstrated that the monochromator operated smoothly,as expected.BL10U1 has three end stations in succession:USAXS end station,μSAXS end station,and end station for industrial applications.The minimum scattering vector q~0.0042 nm^(-1) at 10 keV can be achieved at the USAXS end station equipped with a 28 m-long and 1.8 m-diameter vacuum flight tube.At theμSAXS end station,a beam spot of less than 10×8μm was achieved for micro-SAXS experiments.In contrast,in situ experimental instruments up to 5 m high and 8 m wide can be mounted at the industrial application end station,which offers industrial scientists the opportunity to use their large industrial equipment.BL10U1 opens up a new capability to investigate phenomena such as non-equilibrium and dynamic processes of materials with a wide length scale from angstroms to micrometers with millisecond time resolution.In this paper,we also report beamline design considerations and commissioning results.展开更多
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic progressive end-stage lung disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the progression of this disease remain elusive. Presently, clinically employed drugs are scarce for the treat...Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic progressive end-stage lung disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the progression of this disease remain elusive. Presently, clinically employed drugs are scarce for the treatment of PF. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing novel drugs to address such diseases. Our study found for the first time that a natural source of Prismatomeris connata Y. Z. Ruan (Huang Gen, HG) ethyl acetate extract (HG-2) had a significant anti-PF effect by inhibiting the expression of the transforming growth factor beta 1/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (TGF-β1/Smad) pathway. Network pharmacological analysis suggested that HG-2 had effects on tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, cellular response to reactive oxygen species, and extracellular matrix (ECM) disassembly. Moreover, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was used to visualize the heterogeneous distribution of endogenous metabolites in lung tissue and reveal the anti-PF metabolic mechanism of HG-2, which was related to arginine biosynthesis and alanine, asparate and glutamate metabolism, the downregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism, and the upregulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism. In conclusion, we elaborated on the relationship between metabolite distribution and the progression of PF, constructed the regulatory metabolic network of HG-2, and discovered the multi-target therapeutic effect of HG-2, which might be conducive to the development of new drugs for PF.展开更多
Hedgehogs,small nocturnal mammals of the Erinaceinae subfamily,play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance(Hernandez,2008;Taucher et al.,2020).Atelerix albiventris(A.albiventris),a species native to West and...Hedgehogs,small nocturnal mammals of the Erinaceinae subfamily,play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance(Hernandez,2008;Taucher et al.,2020).Atelerix albiventris(A.albiventris),a species native to West and Central Africa,is the smallest of the African hedgehogs.A.albiventris has undergone domestication and is utilized in biomedical research and offered in the exotic pet trade(Santana et al.,2010).In recent years,hedgehog population numbers have shown a declining trend due to human-induced disturbance(Johnson et al.,2015).展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,Big cats,such as Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)and Amur leopards(P.pardus orientalis),are apex predator and have evolved specialized traits for hunting and carnivory(Moya et al.,2022),thus playing a ...DEAR EDITOR,Big cats,such as Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)and Amur leopards(P.pardus orientalis),are apex predator and have evolved specialized traits for hunting and carnivory(Moya et al.,2022),thus playing a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem integrity by regulating prey-predator dynamics.However,human-induced pressures,habitat fragmentation,and environmental alterations have restricted these species in small and isolated populations.Currently,all extant big cats are categorized as endangered or threatened according to their conservation status.Amur tigers and Amur leopards share overlapping geographic ranges,habitats,and certain prey species in the forests of Northeast Asia(Jiang et al.,2015).To reduce interspecies conflict,these carnivores exhibit differentiated dietary and temporal niches.Amur tigers predominantly prey on large ungulates,while Amur leopards hunt small to medium-sized animals(Sugimoto et al.,2016).Additionally,they occupy different temporal niches,with tigers being active at night and leopards more active during the day.Despite spatial and temporal niche partitioning,interspecific competition between these two species is inevitable.Tigers,benefiting from their greater size,have a competitive advantage over leopards,which can manifest in occasional leopard predation by tigers and declines in leopard populations with increasing tiger density(Jiang et al.,2015).Tigers also displace leopards from marginal habitats in nature reserves where they coexist.展开更多
Human cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.Tumor heterogeneity and complex microenvironment are major challenges for anti-cancer treatment.A better understanding of the tumor heterogeneity might cont...Human cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.Tumor heterogeneity and complex microenvironment are major challenges for anti-cancer treatment.A better understanding of the tumor heterogeneity might contribute to more precise diagnosis and treatment.Recent advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)have provided valuable insights into cell fate determination and development in cancer,but the main limitation is that cellular spatial information is lost.Fortunately,spatially resolved transcriptomics technologies have enabled gene expression profiling with spatial coordinates in tissues,which opens up new avenues for deciphering the cancer spatial structure and accelerating oncological research.展开更多
Fluid-structure-particle interactions in three spatial dimensions happen in many environmental and engineering flows.This paper presents the parallel algorithms for the hybrid diffuse and sharp interface immersed boun...Fluid-structure-particle interactions in three spatial dimensions happen in many environmental and engineering flows.This paper presents the parallel algorithms for the hybrid diffuse and sharp interface immersed boundary(IB)method developed in our previous work.For the moving structure modeled using the sharp interface IB method,a recursive box method is developed for efficiently classifying the background grid nodes.For the particles modeled using the diffuse interface IB method,a‘master-slave’approach is adopted.For the particle-particle interaction(PPI)and particle-structure interaction(PSI),a fast algorithm for classifying the active and inactive Lagrangian points,which discretize the particle surface,is developed for the‘dry’contact approach.The results show that the proposed recursive box method can reduce the classifying time from 52seconds to 0.3 seconds.Acceptable parallel efficiency is obtained for cases with different particle concentrations.Furthermore,the lubrication model is utilized when a particle approaches a wall,enabling an accurate simulation of the rebounding phenomena in the benchmark particle-wall collision problem.At last,the capability of the proposed computational framework is demonstrated by simulating particle-laden turbulent channel flows with rough walls.展开更多
Background:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of activating blood and resolving stasis in patients with IgA nephropathy.Methods:From inception to May 2022,databases including PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane...Background:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of activating blood and resolving stasis in patients with IgA nephropathy.Methods:From inception to May 2022,databases including PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,WanFang database,Chinese Biomedical Database,VIP,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for randomized controlled trials about enhancing blood circulation and removing stasis for IgA nephropathy.For the articles that satisfied the requirements,quality assessment and meta-analysis were done.Results:Seventeen randomized controlled trials with a total of 1653 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that activating blood and resolving stasis could increase therapeutic effectiveness(risk ratio(RR)=-0.47,95%confidence interval(CI)(-0.37,-0.2),P=0.0006)and decrease levels of serum creatinine(RR=-0.47,95%CI(-0.37,-0.2),P=0.0006),urea nitrogen(RR=0.85,95%CI(1.44,0.26),P=0.005),24-hour urinary protein quantification(RR=1.6,95%CI(2.44,0.95).P=0.00001),and urine red blood cell count(RR=1.7,95%CI(2.57,0.82),P=0.0001).There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of security(RR=0.6,95%CI(0.36,1.01),P=0.05).Conclusion:Western medicine combined activating blood and resolving stasis is more efficient than Western medicine therapy alone in treating IgA nephropathy,but it still needs to be supported by additional large-scale,multi-center randomized controlled clinical trials due to the poor quality of the included trials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Basic Science Center Program for Multiscale Problems in Nonlinear Mechanics(Grant No.11988102).
文摘Nonlinear energy transfer is represented through eddy viscosity and stochastic forcing within the framework of resolvent analysis.Previous investigations estimate the contribution of eddy-viscosity-enhanced resolvent opera-tor to nonlinear energy transfer.The present article estimates the contribution of stochastic forcing to nonlinear energy transfer and demonstrates that the contribution of stochastic forcing cannot be ignored.These results are achieved by numerically comparing the eddy-viscosity-enhanced resolvent operator and stochastic forcing with nonlinear energy transfer in turbulent channel flows.Furthermore,the numerical results indicate that composite resolvent operators can improve the prediction of nonlinear energy transfer.
基金supported by the Seventh Batch of National Academic Experience Inheritance Project for Senior TCM Experts from the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.GZYRJS[2022]76)the Sixth Batch of Beijing Municipal Academic Experience Inheritance Project for TCM Experts from Beijing Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.JZYKZ[2019]139).
文摘Granulomatosis with polyangiitis(GPA)poses significant therapeutic challenges due to its susceptibility to concurrent infections and frequent relapses.Professor SHI Zaixiang proposed the therapeutic theory of lifting depression and removing blood stasis,resolving phlegm and dispelling nodulation for GPA management.He identified the core pathogenesis as“Qi collapse with collateral obstruction and phlegm-stasis intermingling”,establishing the treatment principle of comprehensive intervention through ascending ancestral Qi,activating blood circulation,and resolving phlegm-stasis nodules.In clinical practice,Professor SHI emphasizes maintaining immune homeostasis with herbal medicine to enhance efficiency,while dynamically balancing Qi,blood,Yin,and Yang.Notably,he highlights the critical role of emotional factors in autoimmune disease progression.A representative case was provided to elucidate his clinical reasoning in GPA treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62303271,U1806202,62103397)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023QF081)Funding for open access charge:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62303271,U1806202).
文摘Recent advances in spatially resolved transcriptomics(SRT)have provided new opportunities for characterizing spatial structures of various tissues.Graph-based geometric deep learning has gained widespread adoption for spatial domain identification tasks.Currently,most methods define adjacency relation between cells or spots by their spatial distance in SRT data,which overlooks key biological interactions like gene expression similarities,and leads to inaccuracies in spatial domain identification.To tackle this challenge,we propose a novel method,SpaGRA(https://github.com/sunxue-yy/SpaGRA),for automatic multi-relationship construction based on graph augmentation.SpaGRA uses spatial distance as prior knowledge and dynamically adjusts edge weights with multi-head graph attention networks(GATs).This helps SpaGRA to uncover diverse node relationships and enhance message passing in geometric contrastive learning.Additionally,SpaGRA uses these multi-view relationships to construct negative samples,addressing sampling bias posed by random selection.Experimental results show that SpaGRA presents superior domain identification performance on multiple datasets generated from different protocols.Using SpaGRA,we analyze the functional regions in the mouse hypothalamus,identify key genes related to heart development in mouse embryos,and observe cancer-associated fibroblasts enveloping cancer cells in the latest Visium HD data.Overall,SpaGRA can effectively characterize spatial structures across diverse SRT datasets.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12474181)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2021B0301030002 and 2024A1515010656)the Guangdong Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2021QN02X859)。
文摘Silicene,a silicon analog of graphene,holds promise for next-generation electronics due to its tunable bandgap and larger spin-orbit coupling.Despite extensive efforts to synthesize and characterize silicene on metal substrates,bondresolved imaging of its atomic structure has remained elusive.Here,we report the fabrication and bond-resolved characterization of silicene on Au(111)substrate.Three silicene phases tuned by surface reconstruction and annealing temperatures are achieved.Using CO-terminated scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)tips,we resolve these silicene phases with atomic precision,determining their bond lengths,local strain,and geometric configurations.Furthermore,we correlate these structural features with their electronic properties,revealing the effect of strain and substrate interactions on the electronic properties of silicene.This work establishes silicene's intrinsic bonding topology and resolves longstanding controversies in silicene research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12234020,12474281,12450403,and 12274461)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2022RC1193)。
文摘This letter demonstrates an experimental approach to measuring the angular-momentum-resolved population of excited states in laser-produced argon ions.By measuring the spectra of free induction decay emissions corresponding to the resonant transitions between Rydberg states,the relative population of the Rydberg states is obtained with known Einstein A-coefficients.This study deepens the mechanistic understanding of coherent dynamics in laser-driven ionic excited states,and establishes experimental benchmarks essential for validating and refining advanced quantum kinetic models in strong-field physics.
文摘An effective approach for optimizing the rotor contour for variable reluctance(VR)resolver is presented.Using this approach,the procedure for optimizing the rotor is divided into two parts:the establishment of initial shape curve,and then computation for the optimization.In order to simplify the process of the former,a shape function is constructed.And the latter is carried out by Taguchi optimization method and finite element method(FEM).An example of a 3-10 VR resolver is used to present the procedure of the optimization,and the testing results confirmed the effectivity of the approach.
文摘The configuration of a brushless DC torque motor is introduced. According to the fundamental relation of the armature winding current and the air gap flux density, the ripple torque caused by the electrical errors of a resolver is approached. And a polyphase multipole resolver is developed in the brushless DC torque motor. Finally, the experimental results are presented to illustrate the improvement of ripple torque in the brushless DC torque motor with the polyphase multipole resolver.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0405802)the Shanghai Large Scientific Facilities Center.
文摘The construction of a new beamline,BL10U1,was completed at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility in 2020.This multipurpose beamline was designed to provide X-ray scattering techniques such as ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering(USAXS),small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS),wide-angle X-ray scattering,and microfocus SAXS(μSAXS)for a broad user community.To realize fast time-resolved USAXS experiments,the beamline adopted an in-vacuum undulator with a total length of 1.6 m as the photon source.An in-house cryogenic-cooled double multilayer monochromator was installed to deliver a photon flux of approximately 10^(13) photons/s at a photon energy of 10 keV.The three-year successful operation of this beamline demonstrated that the monochromator operated smoothly,as expected.BL10U1 has three end stations in succession:USAXS end station,μSAXS end station,and end station for industrial applications.The minimum scattering vector q~0.0042 nm^(-1) at 10 keV can be achieved at the USAXS end station equipped with a 28 m-long and 1.8 m-diameter vacuum flight tube.At theμSAXS end station,a beam spot of less than 10×8μm was achieved for micro-SAXS experiments.In contrast,in situ experimental instruments up to 5 m high and 8 m wide can be mounted at the industrial application end station,which offers industrial scientists the opportunity to use their large industrial equipment.BL10U1 opens up a new capability to investigate phenomena such as non-equilibrium and dynamic processes of materials with a wide length scale from angstroms to micrometers with millisecond time resolution.In this paper,we also report beamline design considerations and commissioning results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82074104)the Research Project of Clinical Toxicology Transformation from the Chinese Society of Toxicology,China(Grant No.:CST2021CT101)the Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,China(Grant Nos.:2017-I2M-1-011 and 2022-I2M-2-002).
文摘Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic progressive end-stage lung disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the progression of this disease remain elusive. Presently, clinically employed drugs are scarce for the treatment of PF. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing novel drugs to address such diseases. Our study found for the first time that a natural source of Prismatomeris connata Y. Z. Ruan (Huang Gen, HG) ethyl acetate extract (HG-2) had a significant anti-PF effect by inhibiting the expression of the transforming growth factor beta 1/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (TGF-β1/Smad) pathway. Network pharmacological analysis suggested that HG-2 had effects on tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, cellular response to reactive oxygen species, and extracellular matrix (ECM) disassembly. Moreover, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was used to visualize the heterogeneous distribution of endogenous metabolites in lung tissue and reveal the anti-PF metabolic mechanism of HG-2, which was related to arginine biosynthesis and alanine, asparate and glutamate metabolism, the downregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism, and the upregulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism. In conclusion, we elaborated on the relationship between metabolite distribution and the progression of PF, constructed the regulatory metabolic network of HG-2, and discovered the multi-target therapeutic effect of HG-2, which might be conducive to the development of new drugs for PF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370689 and 32070601)the Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of Shandong Province(ZR2022YQ23)。
文摘Hedgehogs,small nocturnal mammals of the Erinaceinae subfamily,play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance(Hernandez,2008;Taucher et al.,2020).Atelerix albiventris(A.albiventris),a species native to West and Central Africa,is the smallest of the African hedgehogs.A.albiventris has undergone domestication and is utilized in biomedical research and offered in the exotic pet trade(Santana et al.,2010).In recent years,hedgehog population numbers have shown a declining trend due to human-induced disturbance(Johnson et al.,2015).
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2572022DQ03)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170517)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write(2017B030301011)supported by China National GeneBank(CNGB)。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,Big cats,such as Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)and Amur leopards(P.pardus orientalis),are apex predator and have evolved specialized traits for hunting and carnivory(Moya et al.,2022),thus playing a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem integrity by regulating prey-predator dynamics.However,human-induced pressures,habitat fragmentation,and environmental alterations have restricted these species in small and isolated populations.Currently,all extant big cats are categorized as endangered or threatened according to their conservation status.Amur tigers and Amur leopards share overlapping geographic ranges,habitats,and certain prey species in the forests of Northeast Asia(Jiang et al.,2015).To reduce interspecies conflict,these carnivores exhibit differentiated dietary and temporal niches.Amur tigers predominantly prey on large ungulates,while Amur leopards hunt small to medium-sized animals(Sugimoto et al.,2016).Additionally,they occupy different temporal niches,with tigers being active at night and leopards more active during the day.Despite spatial and temporal niche partitioning,interspecific competition between these two species is inevitable.Tigers,benefiting from their greater size,have a competitive advantage over leopards,which can manifest in occasional leopard predation by tigers and declines in leopard populations with increasing tiger density(Jiang et al.,2015).Tigers also displace leopards from marginal habitats in nature reserves where they coexist.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62003028)supported by a Scholarship from the China Scholarship Council。
文摘Human cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.Tumor heterogeneity and complex microenvironment are major challenges for anti-cancer treatment.A better understanding of the tumor heterogeneity might contribute to more precise diagnosis and treatment.Recent advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)have provided valuable insights into cell fate determination and development in cancer,but the main limitation is that cellular spatial information is lost.Fortunately,spatially resolved transcriptomics technologies have enabled gene expression profiling with spatial coordinates in tissues,which opens up new avenues for deciphering the cancer spatial structure and accelerating oncological research.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12202456 and12172360)the Basic Science Center Program for“Multiscale Problems in Nonlinear Mechanics”of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11988102)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M693241)。
文摘Fluid-structure-particle interactions in three spatial dimensions happen in many environmental and engineering flows.This paper presents the parallel algorithms for the hybrid diffuse and sharp interface immersed boundary(IB)method developed in our previous work.For the moving structure modeled using the sharp interface IB method,a recursive box method is developed for efficiently classifying the background grid nodes.For the particles modeled using the diffuse interface IB method,a‘master-slave’approach is adopted.For the particle-particle interaction(PPI)and particle-structure interaction(PSI),a fast algorithm for classifying the active and inactive Lagrangian points,which discretize the particle surface,is developed for the‘dry’contact approach.The results show that the proposed recursive box method can reduce the classifying time from 52seconds to 0.3 seconds.Acceptable parallel efficiency is obtained for cases with different particle concentrations.Furthermore,the lubrication model is utilized when a particle approaches a wall,enabling an accurate simulation of the rebounding phenomena in the benchmark particle-wall collision problem.At last,the capability of the proposed computational framework is demonstrated by simulating particle-laden turbulent channel flows with rough walls.
文摘Background:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of activating blood and resolving stasis in patients with IgA nephropathy.Methods:From inception to May 2022,databases including PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,WanFang database,Chinese Biomedical Database,VIP,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for randomized controlled trials about enhancing blood circulation and removing stasis for IgA nephropathy.For the articles that satisfied the requirements,quality assessment and meta-analysis were done.Results:Seventeen randomized controlled trials with a total of 1653 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that activating blood and resolving stasis could increase therapeutic effectiveness(risk ratio(RR)=-0.47,95%confidence interval(CI)(-0.37,-0.2),P=0.0006)and decrease levels of serum creatinine(RR=-0.47,95%CI(-0.37,-0.2),P=0.0006),urea nitrogen(RR=0.85,95%CI(1.44,0.26),P=0.005),24-hour urinary protein quantification(RR=1.6,95%CI(2.44,0.95).P=0.00001),and urine red blood cell count(RR=1.7,95%CI(2.57,0.82),P=0.0001).There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of security(RR=0.6,95%CI(0.36,1.01),P=0.05).Conclusion:Western medicine combined activating blood and resolving stasis is more efficient than Western medicine therapy alone in treating IgA nephropathy,but it still needs to be supported by additional large-scale,multi-center randomized controlled clinical trials due to the poor quality of the included trials.
