Wavelength tunable and directly modulated distributed Bragg reflector （DBR） lasers with butt-joint technology are designed, fabricated and characterized. The DBR laser consists of a gain section and a DBR section. T...Wavelength tunable and directly modulated distributed Bragg reflector （DBR） lasers with butt-joint technology are designed, fabricated and characterized. The DBR laser consists of a gain section and a DBR section. To increase the electrical isolation between the gain section and the DBR section, parts of a p-doped material in the isolation region are etched off selectively. Over 2kΩ isolation resistance is realized ultimately without the need of ion implantation, which simplifies the fabrication process. The laser exhibits high speed modulation with a large tunable range. The 3dB direct modulation bandwidth of the device is over 8GHz in a 12nm tunable range. This widely tunable DBR laser with the simple structure is promising as a colorless light source for the next-generation time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network （TWDM-PON） systems.展开更多
The semiconductor bridge(SCB)ignites through bridge film discharge,offering advantages such as low ignition energy,high safety,and compatibility with digital logic circuits.The study uses laser interferometry to inves...The semiconductor bridge(SCB)ignites through bridge film discharge,offering advantages such as low ignition energy,high safety,and compatibility with digital logic circuits.The study uses laser interferometry to investigate the gas dynamics of the bridge film after SCB plasma extinction.Interferometric images of the SCB film gas were obtained through a laser interferometry optical path.After the degradation model of digital image processing,clearer images were produced to facilitate analysis and calculation.The results show that the gas temperature at the center of the SCB film reaches a maximum of 1000 K,and the temperature rapidly decreases along the axial direction of the bridge surface to room temperature at 300 K.The maximum diffusion velocity of the plasma is 1.8 km/s.These findings provide critical insights for SCB design and ignition control.展开更多
Influence produced by the heat effect at work of the laser instrument crystal of the semiconductor, the text designs a kind of temperature control system to the crystal of the laser instrument, using the thought and m...Influence produced by the heat effect at work of the laser instrument crystal of the semiconductor, the text designs a kind of temperature control system to the crystal of the laser instrument, using the thought and method of the classical control theory to analyze this temperature control system, and establishes mathematics model. According to mathematics model the text demonstrated the system at S field and time- area, and proposed optimizing basis to the total mark of proportion and differential parameter to con- troller PID, thus proposed a kind of temperature control scheme. And the thermostatically system is simulated by MATLAB.展开更多
A fitting process is used to measure the cavity loss and the quasi Fermi level separation for Fabry Pérot semiconductor lasers.From the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectrum,the gain spectrum and sing...A fitting process is used to measure the cavity loss and the quasi Fermi level separation for Fabry Pérot semiconductor lasers.From the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectrum,the gain spectrum and single pass ASE obtained by the Cassidy method are applied in the fitting process.For a 1550nm quantum well InGaAsP ridge waveguide laser,the cavity loss of about ～24cm -1 is obtained.展开更多
We solve the single mode coupled rate equations by computer,simulate the behavior of a gain switch of an AlGaInP red light semiconductor laser diode,and find the characteristic of FWHM of pulses changing with the ampl...We solve the single mode coupled rate equations by computer,simulate the behavior of a gain switch of an AlGaInP red light semiconductor laser diode,and find the characteristic of FWHM of pulses changing with the amplitude of modulation signal, the bias current, and the modulated frequency. On this basis, we conduct experiments. The experiment results accord with the simulations well.展开更多
Internal loss is a key internal parameter for high power 1060-nm InGaAs/A1GaAs semiconductor laser. In this paper, we discuss the origin of internal loss of 1060-nm InGaAs/GaAs quantum welt （QW） AIGaAs separate conf...Internal loss is a key internal parameter for high power 1060-nm InGaAs/A1GaAs semiconductor laser. In this paper, we discuss the origin of internal loss of 1060-nm InGaAs/GaAs quantum welt （QW） AIGaAs separate confinement het- erostructure semiconductor laser, and the method to reduce internal loss. By light doping the n-cladding layer, and stepwise doping the p-cladding layer combined with the expanded waveguide layer, a broad area laser with internal loss of 1/cm is designed and fabricated. Ridge waveguide laser with an output power of 350 mW is obtained. The threshold current and slope efficiency near the threshold current are 20 mA and 0.8 W/A, respectively.展开更多
Based on a semiconductor laser （SL） with incoherent optical feedback, a novel all-optical scheme for generating tunable and broadband microwave frequency combs （MFCs） is proposed and investigated numerically. The ...Based on a semiconductor laser （SL） with incoherent optical feedback, a novel all-optical scheme for generating tunable and broadband microwave frequency combs （MFCs） is proposed and investigated numerically. The results show that, under suitable operation parameters, the SL with incoherent optical feedback can be driven to operate at a regular pulsing state, and the generated MFCs have bandwidths broader than 40 GHz within a 10 dB amplitude variation. For a fixed bias current, the line spacing （or repetition frequency） of the MFCs can be easily tuned by varying the feedback delay time and the feedback strength, and the tuning range of the line spacing increases with the increase in the bias current. The linewidth of the MFCs is sensitive to the variation of the feedback delay time and the feedback strength, and a linewidth of tens of KHz can be achieved through finely adjusting the feedback delay time and the feedback strength. In addition, mappings of amplitude variation, repetition frequency, and linewidth of MFCs in the parameter space of the feedback delay time and the feedback strength are presented.展开更多
We introduce a new method of simultaneously implementing frequency stabilization and frequency shift for semiconductor lasers. We name this method the frequency tunable modulation transfer spectroscopy （FTMTS）. To r...We introduce a new method of simultaneously implementing frequency stabilization and frequency shift for semiconductor lasers. We name this method the frequency tunable modulation transfer spectroscopy （FTMTS）. To realize a stable output of 780 nm semiconductor laser, an FTMTS optical heterodyne frequency stabilization system is constructed. Before entering into the frequency stabilization system, the probe laser passes through an acousto-optical modulator （AOM） twice in advance to achieve tunable frequency while keeping the light path stable. According to the experimental results, the frequency changes from 120 MHz to 190 MHz after the double-pass AOM, and the intensity of laser entering into the system is greatly changed, but there is almost no change in the error signal of the FTMTS spectrum. Using this signal to lock the laser frequency, we can ensure that the frequency of the laser changes with the amount of AOM shift. Therefore, the magneto-optical trap （MOT）-molasses process can be implemented smoothly.展开更多
Based on the rate equations, we have investigated three types of chaos synchronizations in injection-locked semiconductor lasers with optical feedback. Numerical simulation shows that the synchronization can be realiz...Based on the rate equations, we have investigated three types of chaos synchronizations in injection-locked semiconductor lasers with optical feedback. Numerical simulation shows that the synchronization can be realized by the symmetric or asymmetric laser systems. Also, the influence of parameter mismatches on chaos synchronization is investigated, and the results imply that these two lasers can achieve good synchronization, with smaller tolerance of parameter mismatch existing.展开更多
This paper investigates the influences of a semiconductor laser with narrow linewidth on a fibre-optic distributed disturbance sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer. It establishes an effective numerical model t...This paper investigates the influences of a semiconductor laser with narrow linewidth on a fibre-optic distributed disturbance sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer. It establishes an effective numerical model to describe the noises and linewidth of a semiconductor laser, taking into account their correlations. Simulation shows that frequency noise has great influences on location errors and their relationship is numerically investigated. Accordingly, there is need to determine the linewidth of the laser less than a threshold and obtain the least location errors. Furthermore, experiments are performed by a sensor prototype using three semiconductor lasers with different linewidths, respectively, with polarization maintaining optical fibres and couplers to eliminate the polarization induced noises and fading. The agreement of simulation with experimental results means that the proposed numerical model can make a comprehensive description of the noise behaviour of a semiconductor laser. The conclusion is useful for choosing a laser source for fibre-optic distributed disturbance sensor to achieve optimized location accuracy. What is more, the proposed numerical model can be widely used for analysing influences of semiconductor lasers on other sensing, communication and optical signal processing systems.展开更多
We use traveling wave coupling theory to investigate the time domain characteristics of tapered semiconductor lasers with DBR gratings.We analyze the influence of the length of second order gratings on the power and s...We use traveling wave coupling theory to investigate the time domain characteristics of tapered semiconductor lasers with DBR gratings.We analyze the influence of the length of second order gratings on the power and spectrum of output light,and optimizing the length of gratings,in order to reduce the mode competition effect in the device,and obtain the high power output light wave with good longitudinal mode characteristics.展开更多
Narrow linewidth light source is a prerequisite for high-performance coherent optical communication and sensing.Waveguide-based external cavity narrow linewidth semiconductor lasers(WEC-NLSLs)have become a competitive...Narrow linewidth light source is a prerequisite for high-performance coherent optical communication and sensing.Waveguide-based external cavity narrow linewidth semiconductor lasers(WEC-NLSLs)have become a competitive and attractive candidate for many coherent applications due to their small size,volume,low energy consumption,low cost and the ability to integrate with other optical components.In this paper,we present an overview of WEC-NLSLs from their required technologies to the state-of-the-art progress.Moreover,we highlight the common problems occurring to current WEC-NLSLs and show the possible approaches to resolving the issues.Finally,we present the possible development directions for the next phase and hope this review will be beneficial to the advancements of WEC-NLSLs.展开更多
We design a hybrid integrated chaotic semiconductor laser with short-cavity optical feedback.It can be assembled in a commercial butterfly shell with just three micro-lenses.One of them is coated by a transflective fi...We design a hybrid integrated chaotic semiconductor laser with short-cavity optical feedback.It can be assembled in a commercial butterfly shell with just three micro-lenses.One of them is coated by a transflective film to provide the optical feedback for chaos generation while insuring regular laser transmission.We prove the feasibility of the chaos generation in this compact structure and provide critical external parameters for the fabrication by theoretical simulations.Rather than the usual changeless internal parameters used in previous simulation research,we extract the real parameters of the chip by experiment.Moreover,the maps of the largest Lyapunov exponent with varying bias current and feedback intensity Kap demonstrate the dynamic characteristics under different external-cavity conditions.Each laser chip has its own optimal external cavity length(L)and feedback intensity(Kap)to generate chaos because of the different internal parameters.We have acquired two ranges of optimal parameters(L=4 mm,0.12〈Kap〈0.2 and L=5 mm,0.07〈Kap〈0.12)for two different chips.展开更多
The epitaxial growth conditions and performance of a diode-pumped GaSb-based optically pumped semiconductor disk laser(SDL) emitting near 2.0 μm in an external cavity configuration are reported. The high quality epit...The epitaxial growth conditions and performance of a diode-pumped GaSb-based optically pumped semiconductor disk laser(SDL) emitting near 2.0 μm in an external cavity configuration are reported. The high quality epitaxial structure,grown on Te-doped(001) oriented GaSb substrate by molecular beam epitaxy, consists of a distributed Bragg reflector(DBR), a multi-quantum-well gain region, and a window layer. An intra-cavity SiC heat spreader was attached to the gain chip for effective thermal management. A continuous-wave output power of over 1 W operating at 2.03 μm wavelength operating near room temperature was achieved using a 3% output coupler.展开更多
Polarization switching （PS） dynamics and synchronization performances of two mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers （VCSELs） are studied theoretically in this paper. A group of dimensionless rate...Polarization switching （PS） dynamics and synchronization performances of two mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers （VCSELs） are studied theoretically in this paper. A group of dimensionless rate equations is derived to describe our model. While analysing the PS characteristics, we focus on the effects of coupling rate and frequency detuning regarding different mutual injection types. The results indicate that the x-mode injection defers the occurrence of PS, while the y-mode injection leads the PS to occur at a lower current. Strong enough polarization-selective injection can suppress the PS. Moreover, if frequency detuning is considered, the effects of polarization-selective mutual injection will be weakened. To evaluate the synchronization performance, the correlation coefficients and output dynamics of VCSELs with both pure mode and mixed mode polarizations are given. It is found that performance of complete synchronization is sensitive to the frequency mismatch but it is little affected by mixed mode polarizations, which is opposite to the case of injection-locking synchronization.展开更多
Long wavelength GaSb-based quantum well lasers have been optimized for high coupling efficiency into an optical system. Two approaches were used to reduce the vertical far-field. In the first approach we showed the us...Long wavelength GaSb-based quantum well lasers have been optimized for high coupling efficiency into an optical system. Two approaches were used to reduce the vertical far-field. In the first approach we showed the use of V-shaped Weaker Waveguide in the n-cladding layer dramatically reduces vertical beam divergence without any performance degradation compared to a conventional broad-waveguide laser structure. Starting from a broad waveguide laser structure design which gives low threshold current and a large vertical far-field (VFF), the structure was modified to decrease the VFF while maintaining a low threshold-current density. In a first step the combination of a narrow optical waveguide and reduced refractive index step between the waveguide and the cladding layers reduce the VFF from 67? to 42?. The threshold current density was kept low to a value of ~190 A/cm2 for 1000 × 100 μm2 devices by careful adjustment of the doping profile in the p-type cladding layer. The insertion of a V-Shaped Weaker Waveguide in the n-cladding layer is shown to allow for further reduction of the VFF to a value as low as 35? for better light-coupling efficiency into an optical system without any degradation of the device performance. In the second approach, we showed that the use of a depressed cladding structure design also allows for the reduction of the VFF while maintaining low the threshold current density (210 A/cm2), slightly higher value compare to the first design.展开更多
The optical catastrophic damage that usually occurs at the cavity surface of semiconductor lasers has become the main bottleneck affecting the improvement of laser output power and long-term reliability.To improve the...The optical catastrophic damage that usually occurs at the cavity surface of semiconductor lasers has become the main bottleneck affecting the improvement of laser output power and long-term reliability.To improve the output power of 680 nm AlGaInP/GaInP quantum well red semiconductor lasers,Si-Si_(3)N_(4)composited dielectric layers are used to induce its quantum wells to be intermixed at the cavity surface to make a non-absorption window.Si with a thickness of 100 nm and Si_(3)N_(4)with a thickness of 100 nm were grown on the surface of the epitaxial wafer by magnetron sputtering and PECVD as diffusion source and driving source,respectively.Compared with traditional Si impurity induced quantum well intermixing,this paper realizes the blue shift of 54.8 nm in the nonabsorbent window region at a lower annealing temperature of 600 ℃ and annealing time of 10 min.Under this annealing condition,the wavelength of the gain luminescence region basically does not shift to short wavelength,and the surface morphology of the whole epitaxial wafer remains fine after annealing.The application of this process condition can reduce the difficulty of production and save cost,which provides an effective method for upcoming fabrication.展开更多
A monolithically active-passive integrated colliding pulse mode-locked semiconductor laser is demonstrated in the InGaAsP//InP material system. The device is mode locked at the second harmonic passive mode-locking reg...A monolithically active-passive integrated colliding pulse mode-locked semiconductor laser is demonstrated in the InGaAsP//InP material system. The device is mode locked at the second harmonic passive mode-locking regime with a wide mode-locking range. Pulse trains with the repetition rate of 40 GHz, 3-dB rf line width of 25 kHz, the pulse width of 2.5 ps, and a nearly transform-limited time-bandwidth product of 0.53 are obtained.展开更多
The design concept of semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA)and gain chip used in wavelength tunable lasers(TL)is discussed in this paper.The design concept is similar to that of a conventional SOA or a laser;however,th...The design concept of semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA)and gain chip used in wavelength tunable lasers(TL)is discussed in this paper.The design concept is similar to that of a conventional SOA or a laser;however,there are a few different points.An SOA in front of the tunable laser should be polarization dependent and has low optical confinement factor.To obtain wide gain bandwidth at the threshold current,the gain chip used in the tunable laser cavity should be something between SOA and fixed-wavelength laser design,while the fixed-wavelength laser has high optical confinement factor.Detailed discussion is given with basic equations and some simulation results on saturation power of the SOA and gain bandwidth of gain chip are shown.展开更多
We have developed a novel optical fiber ring laser using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as the gain medium, and taking advantage of polarization anisotropy of its gain. The frequency difference of the bi-dire...We have developed a novel optical fiber ring laser using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as the gain medium, and taking advantage of polarization anisotropy of its gain. The frequency difference of the bi-directional laser is controlled by birefringence which is introduced in the ring laser cavity. The beat frequency generated by combining two counter-propagating oscillations is proportional to the birefringence, the fiber ring laser of the present study is, therefore, applicable to the fiber sensor. The sensing signal is obtained in a frequency domain with the material which causes the retardation change by a physical phenomenon to be measured. For the application to stress sensing, the present laser was investigated with a photoelastic material.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Project under Grant No 2016YFB0402301the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2013AA014502the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61635010,61320106013,61474112,61321063 and 61274071
文摘Wavelength tunable and directly modulated distributed Bragg reflector （DBR） lasers with butt-joint technology are designed, fabricated and characterized. The DBR laser consists of a gain section and a DBR section. To increase the electrical isolation between the gain section and the DBR section, parts of a p-doped material in the isolation region are etched off selectively. Over 2kΩ isolation resistance is realized ultimately without the need of ion implantation, which simplifies the fabrication process. The laser exhibits high speed modulation with a large tunable range. The 3dB direct modulation bandwidth of the device is over 8GHz in a 12nm tunable range. This widely tunable DBR laser with the simple structure is promising as a colorless light source for the next-generation time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network （TWDM-PON） systems.
基金supported by the Anhui Zhongchuang Energy New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Entrusted Project.
文摘The semiconductor bridge(SCB)ignites through bridge film discharge,offering advantages such as low ignition energy,high safety,and compatibility with digital logic circuits.The study uses laser interferometry to investigate the gas dynamics of the bridge film after SCB plasma extinction.Interferometric images of the SCB film gas were obtained through a laser interferometry optical path.After the degradation model of digital image processing,clearer images were produced to facilitate analysis and calculation.The results show that the gas temperature at the center of the SCB film reaches a maximum of 1000 K,and the temperature rapidly decreases along the axial direction of the bridge surface to room temperature at 300 K.The maximum diffusion velocity of the plasma is 1.8 km/s.These findings provide critical insights for SCB design and ignition control.
文摘Influence produced by the heat effect at work of the laser instrument crystal of the semiconductor, the text designs a kind of temperature control system to the crystal of the laser instrument, using the thought and method of the classical control theory to analyze this temperature control system, and establishes mathematics model. According to mathematics model the text demonstrated the system at S field and time- area, and proposed optimizing basis to the total mark of proportion and differential parameter to con- troller PID, thus proposed a kind of temperature control scheme. And the thermostatically system is simulated by MATLAB.
文摘A fitting process is used to measure the cavity loss and the quasi Fermi level separation for Fabry Pérot semiconductor lasers.From the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectrum,the gain spectrum and single pass ASE obtained by the Cassidy method are applied in the fitting process.For a 1550nm quantum well InGaAsP ridge waveguide laser,the cavity loss of about ～24cm -1 is obtained.
文摘We solve the single mode coupled rate equations by computer,simulate the behavior of a gain switch of an AlGaInP red light semiconductor laser diode,and find the characteristic of FWHM of pulses changing with the amplitude of modulation signal, the bias current, and the modulated frequency. On this basis, we conduct experiments. The experiment results accord with the simulations well.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61274046,61335009,61201103,and 61320106013)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2013AA014202)
文摘Internal loss is a key internal parameter for high power 1060-nm InGaAs/A1GaAs semiconductor laser. In this paper, we discuss the origin of internal loss of 1060-nm InGaAs/GaAs quantum welt （QW） AIGaAs separate confinement het- erostructure semiconductor laser, and the method to reduce internal loss. By light doping the n-cladding layer, and stepwise doping the p-cladding layer combined with the expanded waveguide layer, a broad area laser with internal loss of 1/cm is designed and fabricated. Ridge waveguide laser with an output power of 350 mW is obtained. The threshold current and slope efficiency near the threshold current are 20 mA and 0.8 W/A, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61178011,11204248,61475127,and 61275116)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing City,China(Grant Nos.2012jj B40011 and 2012jj A40012)the Open Fund of the State Key Lab of Millimeter Waves of China(Grant No.K201418)
文摘Based on a semiconductor laser （SL） with incoherent optical feedback, a novel all-optical scheme for generating tunable and broadband microwave frequency combs （MFCs） is proposed and investigated numerically. The results show that, under suitable operation parameters, the SL with incoherent optical feedback can be driven to operate at a regular pulsing state, and the generated MFCs have bandwidths broader than 40 GHz within a 10 dB amplitude variation. For a fixed bias current, the line spacing （or repetition frequency） of the MFCs can be easily tuned by varying the feedback delay time and the feedback strength, and the tuning range of the line spacing increases with the increase in the bias current. The linewidth of the MFCs is sensitive to the variation of the feedback delay time and the feedback strength, and a linewidth of tens of KHz can be achieved through finely adjusting the feedback delay time and the feedback strength. In addition, mappings of amplitude variation, repetition frequency, and linewidth of MFCs in the parameter space of the feedback delay time and the feedback strength are presented.
基金Project supported by the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project,China(Grant No.2014YQ35046103)
文摘We introduce a new method of simultaneously implementing frequency stabilization and frequency shift for semiconductor lasers. We name this method the frequency tunable modulation transfer spectroscopy （FTMTS）. To realize a stable output of 780 nm semiconductor laser, an FTMTS optical heterodyne frequency stabilization system is constructed. Before entering into the frequency stabilization system, the probe laser passes through an acousto-optical modulator （AOM） twice in advance to achieve tunable frequency while keeping the light path stable. According to the experimental results, the frequency changes from 120 MHz to 190 MHz after the double-pass AOM, and the intensity of laser entering into the system is greatly changed, but there is almost no change in the error signal of the FTMTS spectrum. Using this signal to lock the laser frequency, we can ensure that the frequency of the laser changes with the amount of AOM shift. Therefore, the magneto-optical trap （MOT）-molasses process can be implemented smoothly.
文摘Based on the rate equations, we have investigated three types of chaos synchronizations in injection-locked semiconductor lasers with optical feedback. Numerical simulation shows that the synchronization can be realized by the symmetric or asymmetric laser systems. Also, the influence of parameter mismatches on chaos synchronization is investigated, and the results imply that these two lasers can achieve good synchronization, with smaller tolerance of parameter mismatch existing.
文摘This paper investigates the influences of a semiconductor laser with narrow linewidth on a fibre-optic distributed disturbance sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer. It establishes an effective numerical model to describe the noises and linewidth of a semiconductor laser, taking into account their correlations. Simulation shows that frequency noise has great influences on location errors and their relationship is numerically investigated. Accordingly, there is need to determine the linewidth of the laser less than a threshold and obtain the least location errors. Furthermore, experiments are performed by a sensor prototype using three semiconductor lasers with different linewidths, respectively, with polarization maintaining optical fibres and couplers to eliminate the polarization induced noises and fading. The agreement of simulation with experimental results means that the proposed numerical model can make a comprehensive description of the noise behaviour of a semiconductor laser. The conclusion is useful for choosing a laser source for fibre-optic distributed disturbance sensor to achieve optimized location accuracy. What is more, the proposed numerical model can be widely used for analysing influences of semiconductor lasers on other sensing, communication and optical signal processing systems.
文摘We use traveling wave coupling theory to investigate the time domain characteristics of tapered semiconductor lasers with DBR gratings.We analyze the influence of the length of second order gratings on the power and spectrum of output light,and optimizing the length of gratings,in order to reduce the mode competition effect in the device,and obtain the high power output light wave with good longitudinal mode characteristics.
基金Jiangsu Province Key R&D Program(Industry Prospect and Common Key Technologies)(No.BE2014083)Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation Project(No.2019ACBL20054)。
文摘Narrow linewidth light source is a prerequisite for high-performance coherent optical communication and sensing.Waveguide-based external cavity narrow linewidth semiconductor lasers(WEC-NLSLs)have become a competitive and attractive candidate for many coherent applications due to their small size,volume,low energy consumption,low cost and the ability to integrate with other optical components.In this paper,we present an overview of WEC-NLSLs from their required technologies to the state-of-the-art progress.Moreover,we highlight the common problems occurring to current WEC-NLSLs and show the possible approaches to resolving the issues.Finally,we present the possible development directions for the next phase and hope this review will be beneficial to the advancements of WEC-NLSLs.
基金Project supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(Grant No.2014DFA50870)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61377089,61475111,and 61527819)+4 种基金Shanxi Province Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.2015011049)Shanxi Province Youth Science and Technology Foundation,China(Grant No.201601D021069)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(Grant No.2016-036)Program for the Outstanding Innovative Teams of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi,ChinaProgram for Sanjin Scholar,China
文摘We design a hybrid integrated chaotic semiconductor laser with short-cavity optical feedback.It can be assembled in a commercial butterfly shell with just three micro-lenses.One of them is coated by a transflective film to provide the optical feedback for chaos generation while insuring regular laser transmission.We prove the feasibility of the chaos generation in this compact structure and provide critical external parameters for the fabrication by theoretical simulations.Rather than the usual changeless internal parameters used in previous simulation research,we extract the real parameters of the chip by experiment.Moreover,the maps of the largest Lyapunov exponent with varying bias current and feedback intensity Kap demonstrate the dynamic characteristics under different external-cavity conditions.Each laser chip has its own optimal external cavity length(L)and feedback intensity(Kap)to generate chaos because of the different internal parameters.We have acquired two ranges of optimal parameters(L=4 mm,0.12〈Kap〈0.2 and L=5 mm,0.07〈Kap〈0.12)for two different chips.
基金supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61790581,61790582,and 61790584)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61435012)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.YJKYYQ20170032)
文摘The epitaxial growth conditions and performance of a diode-pumped GaSb-based optically pumped semiconductor disk laser(SDL) emitting near 2.0 μm in an external cavity configuration are reported. The high quality epitaxial structure,grown on Te-doped(001) oriented GaSb substrate by molecular beam epitaxy, consists of a distributed Bragg reflector(DBR), a multi-quantum-well gain region, and a window layer. An intra-cavity SiC heat spreader was attached to the gain chip for effective thermal management. A continuous-wave output power of over 1 W operating at 2.03 μm wavelength operating near room temperature was achieved using a 3% output coupler.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 10174057 and 90201011）, and the Foundation for Key Program of Ministry of Education, China （Grant No 2005-105148）.
文摘Polarization switching （PS） dynamics and synchronization performances of two mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers （VCSELs） are studied theoretically in this paper. A group of dimensionless rate equations is derived to describe our model. While analysing the PS characteristics, we focus on the effects of coupling rate and frequency detuning regarding different mutual injection types. The results indicate that the x-mode injection defers the occurrence of PS, while the y-mode injection leads the PS to occur at a lower current. Strong enough polarization-selective injection can suppress the PS. Moreover, if frequency detuning is considered, the effects of polarization-selective mutual injection will be weakened. To evaluate the synchronization performance, the correlation coefficients and output dynamics of VCSELs with both pure mode and mixed mode polarizations are given. It is found that performance of complete synchronization is sensitive to the frequency mismatch but it is little affected by mixed mode polarizations, which is opposite to the case of injection-locking synchronization.
文摘Long wavelength GaSb-based quantum well lasers have been optimized for high coupling efficiency into an optical system. Two approaches were used to reduce the vertical far-field. In the first approach we showed the use of V-shaped Weaker Waveguide in the n-cladding layer dramatically reduces vertical beam divergence without any performance degradation compared to a conventional broad-waveguide laser structure. Starting from a broad waveguide laser structure design which gives low threshold current and a large vertical far-field (VFF), the structure was modified to decrease the VFF while maintaining a low threshold-current density. In a first step the combination of a narrow optical waveguide and reduced refractive index step between the waveguide and the cladding layers reduce the VFF from 67? to 42?. The threshold current density was kept low to a value of ~190 A/cm2 for 1000 × 100 μm2 devices by careful adjustment of the doping profile in the p-type cladding layer. The insertion of a V-Shaped Weaker Waveguide in the n-cladding layer is shown to allow for further reduction of the VFF to a value as low as 35? for better light-coupling efficiency into an optical system without any degradation of the device performance. In the second approach, we showed that the use of a depressed cladding structure design also allows for the reduction of the VFF while maintaining low the threshold current density (210 A/cm2), slightly higher value compare to the first design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)(Grant No.62174154).
文摘The optical catastrophic damage that usually occurs at the cavity surface of semiconductor lasers has become the main bottleneck affecting the improvement of laser output power and long-term reliability.To improve the output power of 680 nm AlGaInP/GaInP quantum well red semiconductor lasers,Si-Si_(3)N_(4)composited dielectric layers are used to induce its quantum wells to be intermixed at the cavity surface to make a non-absorption window.Si with a thickness of 100 nm and Si_(3)N_(4)with a thickness of 100 nm were grown on the surface of the epitaxial wafer by magnetron sputtering and PECVD as diffusion source and driving source,respectively.Compared with traditional Si impurity induced quantum well intermixing,this paper realizes the blue shift of 54.8 nm in the nonabsorbent window region at a lower annealing temperature of 600 ℃ and annealing time of 10 min.Under this annealing condition,the wavelength of the gain luminescence region basically does not shift to short wavelength,and the surface morphology of the whole epitaxial wafer remains fine after annealing.The application of this process condition can reduce the difficulty of production and save cost,which provides an effective method for upcoming fabrication.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61335009,61274046 and 61474111
文摘A monolithically active-passive integrated colliding pulse mode-locked semiconductor laser is demonstrated in the InGaAsP//InP material system. The device is mode locked at the second harmonic passive mode-locking regime with a wide mode-locking range. Pulse trains with the repetition rate of 40 GHz, 3-dB rf line width of 25 kHz, the pulse width of 2.5 ps, and a nearly transform-limited time-bandwidth product of 0.53 are obtained.
文摘The design concept of semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA)and gain chip used in wavelength tunable lasers(TL)is discussed in this paper.The design concept is similar to that of a conventional SOA or a laser;however,there are a few different points.An SOA in front of the tunable laser should be polarization dependent and has low optical confinement factor.To obtain wide gain bandwidth at the threshold current,the gain chip used in the tunable laser cavity should be something between SOA and fixed-wavelength laser design,while the fixed-wavelength laser has high optical confinement factor.Detailed discussion is given with basic equations and some simulation results on saturation power of the SOA and gain bandwidth of gain chip are shown.
文摘We have developed a novel optical fiber ring laser using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as the gain medium, and taking advantage of polarization anisotropy of its gain. The frequency difference of the bi-directional laser is controlled by birefringence which is introduced in the ring laser cavity. The beat frequency generated by combining two counter-propagating oscillations is proportional to the birefringence, the fiber ring laser of the present study is, therefore, applicable to the fiber sensor. The sensing signal is obtained in a frequency domain with the material which causes the retardation change by a physical phenomenon to be measured. For the application to stress sensing, the present laser was investigated with a photoelastic material.
