Nowadays,spatiotemporal information,positioning,and navigation services have become critical components of new infrastructure.Precise positioning technology is indispensable for determining spatiotemporal information ...Nowadays,spatiotemporal information,positioning,and navigation services have become critical components of new infrastructure.Precise positioning technology is indispensable for determining spatiotemporal information and providing navigation services.展开更多
t LBS （location-based service） is a remarkable outcome of the development from GIS to geospatial information service. Faced by the requirements of geospatial information from the masses and the opportunity provided ...t LBS （location-based service） is a remarkable outcome of the development from GIS to geospatial information service. Faced by the requirements of geospatial information from the masses and the opportunity provided by the next generation lnternet and Web 2.0, a new model of geospatial information service based on DMI （digital measurable image） is presented. First, the con- cept of LBS and the opportunities of Web 2.0 are introduced, then the characteristic of DMI is discussed. Taking the Image City.Wuhan as an example, the function ofgeospatial information service based on DM! is introduced. Finally, the feasibility for its industrialization is discussed.展开更多
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a new global policy to guide the way countries collectively manage and transform the social,economic,and environmental dimensions of people and the planet over the ...The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a new global policy to guide the way countries collectively manage and transform the social,economic,and environmental dimensions of people and the planet over the next 15 years.Achieving sustainable development presents all countries and the global policy community with a set of significant development challenges that are almost entirely geographic in nature.Many of the issues impacting sustainable development can be analyzed,modeled,and mapped within a geographic context,which in turn can provide the integrative framework necessary for global collaboration,consensus and evidence-based decision-making.However,and despite significant advances in geospatial information technologies,there is a lack of awareness,understanding and uptake,particular at the policy and decision-making level,of the vital and integrative role of geospatial information and related enabling architectures such as National Spatial Data Infrastructures.This paper reasons that the role of geospatial information in contributing to sustainable development has not adequately been described by either the sustainable development policy practice or by the geospatial professional community.This lack of policy and guidance,with commensurate critical gaps and connection points with national geospatial frameworks,is a visible impediment to developing countries and those most affected by the challenges and need to achieve sustainable development.The global geospatial community now has a unique opportunity to integrate and connect geospatial information into the global development agenda in a more holistic and sustainable manner,specifically in contributing their data resources toward measuring and monitoring the 17 Sustainable Development Goals,and their 169 associated targets,through the global indicator framework that anchors the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.This paper introduces and discusses a new strategic framework for linking a global policy to national geospatial capabilities.展开更多
Aiming at the integrative management and comprehensive applications of large-scale 3D geospatial information covering the full 3D space of a city, this paper briefly introduces the design and implementation of a full ...Aiming at the integrative management and comprehensive applications of large-scale 3D geospatial information covering the full 3D space of a city, this paper briefly introduces the design and implementation of a full 3D GIS platform： GeoScope, which provides a professional solution for the massive full three-dimensional geospatial data integration, management, analysis, visualization, and applications. GeoScope is characterized by： （1） extendible software architecture based on the hierarchical message bus, facilitates multimodal integrative applications of 2D GIS and 3D GIS; （2） unified 3D city models, support multiscale se- mantic representation of outdoor ＆ indoor and aboveground ＆ underground 3D objects; （3） high-efficient 3D geospatial database engine, supports integrated management of massive 3D geospatial data for real-time applications; and （4） high-performance visualization engine exploiting the massively parallel computation architecture of modem GPUs, supports real-time realistic rendering of large-scale complicated 3D geospatial environments. The successful pilot application of GeoScope is also illustrated with the 3D city models of 8494 knl2 of the whole Wuhan City, the largest city in middle China.展开更多
In light of growing urban traffic,car parking becomes increasingly critical for cities to manage.As a result,the prediction of parking occupancy has sparked significant research interest in recent years.While many ext...In light of growing urban traffic,car parking becomes increasingly critical for cities to manage.As a result,the prediction of parking occupancy has sparked significant research interest in recent years.While many external data sources have been considered in the prediction models,the underlying geographic context has mostly been ignored.Thus,in order to study the contribution of geospatial information to parking occupancy prediction models,road network centrality,land use,and Point of Interest(POI)data were incorporated in Random Forest(RF)and Artificial Neural Network(ANN,specifically Feedforward Neural Network FFNN)prediction models in this work.Model performances were compared to a baseline,which only considers historical and temporal input data.Moreover,the influence of the amount of training data,the prediction horizon,and the spatial variation of the prediction were explored.The results show that the inclusion of geospatial information led to a performance improvement of up to 25%compared to the baseline.Besides,as the prediction horizon expanded,predictions became less reliable,while the relevance of geospatial data increased.In general,land use and POI data proved to be more beneficial than road network centrality.The amount of training data did not have a significant influence on the performance of the RF model.The ANN model,conversely,achieved optimal results on a training input of 5 days.Likely attributable to varying occupancy patterns,prediction performance disparities could be identified for different parking districts and street segments.Generally,the RF model outperformed the ANN model on all predictions.展开更多
Since the introduction of geographic information systems(GIS)in the 1960s,it has evolved tremendously to an extent that it permeates our daily lives.Initially,GIS usage started in the developed countries and now incre...Since the introduction of geographic information systems(GIS)in the 1960s,it has evolved tremendously to an extent that it permeates our daily lives.Initially,GIS usage started in the developed countries and now increasingly filtered to developing countries.The town planning profession was one of the early adopters of GIS.Geospatial information is a useful source of data that is needed in urban planning.In these days of the New Urban Agenda 2030,smart cities are even more required from planners in using geospatial information to face urban challenges such as sustainable urban development and climate change.Although GIS has promised a lot for urban planning,it has not reached its full potential.Moreover,many studies have focused on developed countries with limited studies on geospatial information application in municipalities and GIS education from a perspective of developing countries.In this study,a survey on the usage of geospatial information science(GSIS)in two cities,namely Bulawayo in Zimbabwe and Ekurhuleni in South Africa,was conducted,and an overview of the state of GIS curricula in planning schools is discussed.The results indicate that considerable progress has been made in the application of geospatial information in municipal planning;however,there are impediments limiting the full utilization of geospatial information in local municipalities.These impediments include:inadequate GIS curricula in planning schools,lack of resources,and lack of political will.These challenges manifest differently in well-resourced municipalities and those with limited resources.The study proposes planning-relevant GIS curricula to improve the level of GIS use in planning practice.展开更多
The proliferation of urban development with concentration in population and human-environment interaction has intensified around urban environments. This has resulted in the degradation of urban environments, overuse ...The proliferation of urban development with concentration in population and human-environment interaction has intensified around urban environments. This has resulted in the degradation of urban environments, overuse of natural resources and widespread pollution of ecosystems, The patterns of design initiatives continue to follow unsustainable path with impacts on stream ecosystems. Accordingly, the paper adopts geospatial information systems and sustainability principles for the identification and sequential mapping of stressors impeding natural systems in Southern Mississippi. The results not only reveal that the study area experienced some significant changes in its watershed environments, but the stream habitat ecosystem remains under stress. The recommendations for mitigating the problems range from policy considerations to the adoption of ecosystem approach.展开更多
The mobile geospatial information service involves the domain of mobile communication, mobile computing, geospatial information service and other techniques. This paper focuses on the integration of spatial informatio...The mobile geospatial information service involves the domain of mobile communication, mobile computing, geospatial information service and other techniques. This paper focuses on the integration of spatial information and mobile communication technologies. The author proposes the architecture of mobile geospatial information service based on the Ad Hoc network. On the basis of this architecture, a system is developed, and applied in correlative fields.展开更多
Earthquake prediction is currently the most crucial task required for the probability,hazard,risk mapping,and mitigation purposes.Earthquake prediction attracts the researchers'attention from both academia and ind...Earthquake prediction is currently the most crucial task required for the probability,hazard,risk mapping,and mitigation purposes.Earthquake prediction attracts the researchers'attention from both academia and industries.Traditionally,the risk assessment approaches have used various traditional and machine learning models.However,deep learning techniques have been rarely tested for earthquake probability mapping.Therefore,this study develops a convolutional neural network(CNN)model for earthquake probability assessment in NE India.Then conducts vulnerability using analytical hierarchy process(AHP),Venn's intersection theory for hazard,and integrated model for risk mapping.A prediction of classification task was performed in which the model predicts magnitudes more than 4 Mw that considers nine indicators.Prediction classification results and intensity variation were then used for probability and hazard mapping,respectively.Finally,earthquake risk map was produced by multiplying hazard,vulnerability,and coping capacity.The vulnerability was prepared by using six vulnerable factors,and the coping capacity was estimated by using the number of hospitals and associated variables,including budget available for disaster management.The CNN model for a probability distribution is a robust technique that provides good accuracy.Results show that CNN is superior to the other algorithms,which completed the classification prediction task with an accuracy of 0.94,precision of 0.98,recall of 0.85,and F1 score of 0.91.These indicators were used for probability mapping,and the total area of hazard(21,412.94 km^(2)),vulnerability(480.98 km^(2)),and risk(34,586.10 km^(2))was estimated.展开更多
This paper examines the current state of three of the key areas of geospatial science in Australia:positioning;earth observation(EO);and spatial infrastructures.The paper discusses the limitations and challenges that ...This paper examines the current state of three of the key areas of geospatial science in Australia:positioning;earth observation(EO);and spatial infrastructures.The paper discusses the limitations and challenges that will shape the development of these three areas of geospatial science over the next decade and then profiles what each may look like in about 2026.Australia’s national positioning infrastructure plan is guiding the development of a nation-wide,sub decimeter,real-time,outdoor positioning capability based on multi-GNSS and in particular the emerging precise point positioning−real-time kinematic(PPP-RTK)capability.Additional positioning systems including the ground-based Locata system,location-based indoor systems,and beacons,among others are also discussed.The importance of the underpinning role of a next generation dynamic datum is considered.The development of Australia’s first EO strategy is described along with the key national needs of the products of remote sensing.The development of massive on-line multi-decadal geospatial imagery data stores and processing engines for co-registered stacks of continuous base-line satellite imagery are explored.Finally,perspectives on the evolution of a future spatial knowledge infrastructure(SKI)emerging from today’s traditional spatial data infrastructures(SDIs)are provided together with discussion of the growing importance of geospatial analytics for transforming whole supply chains.展开更多
On the basis of the authors’ experiences of setting up an NGDC Web site,this paper attempts to present some significant aspects about the security of NGDC based on ASP.They include data storing,database maintenance,n...On the basis of the authors’ experiences of setting up an NGDC Web site,this paper attempts to present some significant aspects about the security of NGDC based on ASP.They include data storing,database maintenance,new technical support and so on.Firstly,this paper discusses how to provide the security of data which is saved in the hosts of NGDC.The security model of "Networks_DB Server_DB_DB Object" is also presented.In Windows NT Server,Internet Information Server (i.e.,IIS) is in charge of transferring message and the management of Web sites.ASP is also based on IIS.The advantages of virtual directory technique provided by IIS are emphasized. An NGDC Web site,at the Research Center of GIS in Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping is also mentioned in this paper.Because it is only an analoge used for case study,the transmission of digital spatial products is not included in the functions in this NGDC Web site.However,the management of spatial metadata is more important and some functions of metadata query are implemented in it.It is illustrated clearly in the functional diagram of the NGDC Web site.展开更多
On the basis of the digital Weifang geospatial framework,Smart Weifang spatio-temporal information cloud platform(WFCP)integrated legal person information,population,place name and address data,macroeconomic data and ...On the basis of the digital Weifang geospatial framework,Smart Weifang spatio-temporal information cloud platform(WFCP)integrated legal person information,population,place name and address data,macroeconomic data and so on.And it also expanded the data contents,such as the indoor and outdoor data,the overground and underground data,panoramic data and real data.It also introduced the contents of historical geographical information in different periods and real-time location information,address information of sensing equipment,real-time perception and interpreting information.It has overcome the difficulties of real-time access of Internet of Things(IoT)perception,multi-node collaboration,64-bit support,cluster deployment and has the characteristics of spatio-temporal management,ondemand service,large data analysis and micro-service architecture.It built spatio-temporal information big data center and spatio-temporal information cloud platform,realized the convergence and management of the distributed big data,deeply applied for land,transportation,environmental protection,police and subdistrict five areas,by supporting the integrated application of multi-source information and supporting intelligent deep application.In the aspect of hardware environment construction,according to the top-level design and unified arrangement of Smart Weifang,the WFCP was migrated to Weifang cloud computing center,to achieve the on-demand computing resources and dynamic scheduling load-based computing resources,to support the generalizing load map application.展开更多
Geospatial datasets are typically available as distributed collections contributed by various government or commercial providers. Supporting the diverse needs of various users that may be accessing the same dataset fo...Geospatial datasets are typically available as distributed collections contributed by various government or commercial providers. Supporting the diverse needs of various users that may be accessing the same dataset for different applications remains a challenging issue. In order to overcome this challenge there is a clear need to develop the capabilities to take into account complicated patterns of preference describing user and/or application particularities, and use these patterns to rank query results in terms of suitability. This paper offers a demonstration on how intelligent systems can assist geospatial queries to improve retrieval accuracy by customizing results based on preference patterns. We outline the particularities of the geospatial domain and present our method and its application.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study is to utilize the geographical information system(GIS) software and perform the spatial analysis in relation to clinical data for road traffi c injury(RTI) pediatric cases attend...BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study is to utilize the geographical information system(GIS) software and perform the spatial analysis in relation to clinical data for road traffi c injury(RTI) pediatric cases attending the emergency department.METHODS: The study sample included pediatric patients(age less than 18 years) with roadrelated injuries within a district in Malaysia who attended emergency departments of two tertiary hospitals within the district. In addition to injury, pre-hospital care and outcome data, the coordinate of the locations were obtained by the ambulance paramedics by using portable handheld GPS unit brand Garmin? model GPS 72 H. The data was transferred into the excel format which in turn underwent GIS analysis by using ARCGIS?(by ESRI) software version 10.1 licensed to the study institution.RESULTS: A total of 102(24.8%) of all motor vehicle crash(MVC) victims involved the pediatric age group(age 18 years and below). The mean(SD) age of the pediatric victims was 14.30 years(SD 3.830). Male comprised of 68(66.7%) of the cases. Motorcyclists [88(88.0%)] were the most common type of victims involved. Interestingly, the majority of the severely injured victims [75(73%)] sustained the RTI on roads with maximum speed limit of 60 km/hour. The mean(SD) length of hospital stay was 7.83 days(5.59).CONCLUSION: The pediatric related road traffic injury in Malaysia causes significant health and social burden in the country. This study showed both important clinical and geographical factors that need to be taken into consideration for future preventive action.展开更多
Small-scale farming accounts for 78% of total agricultural production in Kenya and contributes to 23.5% of the country’s GDP. Their crop production activities are mostly rainfed subsistence with any surplus being sol...Small-scale farming accounts for 78% of total agricultural production in Kenya and contributes to 23.5% of the country’s GDP. Their crop production activities are mostly rainfed subsistence with any surplus being sold to bring in some income. Timely decisions on farm practices such as farm preparation and planting are critical determinants of the seasonal outcomes. In Kenya, most small-scale farmers have no reliable source of information that would help them make timely and accurate decisions. County governments have extension officers who are mandated with giving farmers advisory services to farmers but they are not able to reach most farmers due to facilitation constraints. The mode and format of sharing information is also critical since it’s important to ensure that it’s timely, well-understood and usable. This study sought to assess access to geospatial derived and other crop production information by farmers in four selected counties of Kenya. Specific objectives were to determine the profile of small-scale farmers in terms of age, education and farm size;to determine the type of information that is made available to them by County and Sub-County extension officers including the format and mode of provision;and to determine if the information provided was useful in terms of accuracy, timeliness and adequacy. The results indicated that over 80% of the farmers were over 35 years of age and over 56% were male. Majority had attained primary education (34%) or secondary education (29%) and most farmers in all the counties grew maize (71%). Notably, fellow farmers were a source of information (71%) with the frequency of sharing information being mostly seasonal (37%) and when information was available (43%). Over 66% of interviewed farmers indicating that they faced challenges while using provided information. The results from the study are insightful and helpful in determining effective ways of providing farmers with useful information to ensure maximum benefits.展开更多
With the requirements for high performance results in the today’s mobile, global, highly competitive, and technology-based business world, business professionals have to get supported by convenient mobile decision su...With the requirements for high performance results in the today’s mobile, global, highly competitive, and technology-based business world, business professionals have to get supported by convenient mobile decision support systems (DSS). To give an improved support to mobile business professionals, it is necessary to go further than just allowing a simple remote access to a Business Intelligence platform. In this paper, the need for actual context-aware mobile Geospatial Business Intelligence (GeoBI) systems that can help capture, filter, organize and structure the user mobile context is exposed and justified. Furthermore, since capturing, structuring, and modeling mobile contextual information is still a research issue, a wide inventory of existing research work on context and mobile context is provided. Then, step by step, we methodologically identify relevant contextual information to capture for mobility purposes as well as for BI needs, organize them into context-dimensions, and build a hierarchical mobile GeoBI context model which (1) is geo-spatial-extended, (2) fits with human perception of mobility, (3) takes into account the local context interactions and information-sharing with remote contexts, and (4) matches with the usual hierarchical aggregated structure of BI data.展开更多
The segmentation effect of Tsallis entropy method is superior to that of Shannon entropy method, and the computation speed of two-dimensional Shannon cross entropy method can be further improved by optimization. The e...The segmentation effect of Tsallis entropy method is superior to that of Shannon entropy method, and the computation speed of two-dimensional Shannon cross entropy method can be further improved by optimization. The existing two-dimensional Tsallis cross entropy method is not the strict two-dimensional extension. Thus two new methods of image thresholding using two-dimensional Tsallis cross entropy based on either Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) or decomposition are proposed. The former uses CPSO to find the optimal threshold. The recursive algorithm is adopted to avoid the repetitive computation of fitness function in iterative procedure. The computing speed is improved greatly. The latter converts the two-dimensional computation into two one-dimensional spaces, which makes the computational complexity further reduced from O(L2) to O(L). The experimental results show that, compared with the proposed recently two-dimensional Shannon or Tsallis cross entropy method, the two new methods can achieve superior segmentation results and reduce running time greatly.展开更多
The intensity of the micro-expression is weak,although the directional low frequency components in the image are preserved by many algorithms,the extracted micro-expression ft^ature information is not sufficient to ac...The intensity of the micro-expression is weak,although the directional low frequency components in the image are preserved by many algorithms,the extracted micro-expression ft^ature information is not sufficient to accurately represent its sequences.In order to improve the accuracy of micro-expression recognition,first,each frame image is extracted from,its sequences,and the image frame is pre-processed by using gray normalization,size normalization,and two-dimensional principal component analysis(2DPCA);then,the optical flow method is used to extract the motion characteristics of the reduced-dimensional image,the information entropy value of the optical flow characteristic image is calculated by the information entropy principle,and the information entropy value is analyzed to obtain the eigenvalue.Therefore,more micro-expression feature information is extracted,including more important information,which can further improve the accuracy of micro-expression classification and recognition;finally,the feature images are classified by using the support vector machine(SVM).The experimental results show that the micro-expression feature image obtained by the information entropy statistics can effectively improve the accuracy of micro-expression recognition.展开更多
Recently, smart grid solutions have started to extend the visibility of the electrical grid to the entire network; including high voltage transmission lines, medium voltage distribution networks, and the low voltage n...Recently, smart grid solutions have started to extend the visibility of the electrical grid to the entire network; including high voltage transmission lines, medium voltage distribution networks, and the low voltage networks to households. The typical data monitored includes： voltage, current, phase, and power measurements, together with network events and alarms. This paper analyses the key challenges facing smart grid solutions in providing effective access to large volumes of sensory data that is distributed over a large geographic area. A case study is described that outlines how the use of geospatial technology together with Web 2.0 technologies may be applied to improve user access and control to this data. The results show that a geospatial solution provides an effective mechanism for visualizing telemetry data monitored within the smart grid.展开更多
Any seafarer or mariner that uses the sea knows that navigation without correct charts is impossible and hazardous because nautical charts are the most essential and indispensable tools for vessels to sail safely at s...Any seafarer or mariner that uses the sea knows that navigation without correct charts is impossible and hazardous because nautical charts are the most essential and indispensable tools for vessels to sail safely at sea.For vessels to safely sail at sea,the seas and the oceans ought to be charted and this falls within the domain of hydrography.However,the seas cannot be charted effectively in the absence of the deployment of human resources and adequate tools like satellite and aerial imagery,survey boats and other equipment that will facilitate the hydrographic operations.The acquisition of data and information about the sea depths,nature of sea bed,waterways,navigational hazards and navigational objects among others,basically falls within the sphere of hydrography which is primarily known as survey at sea.The paper offers a review of geospatial technologies in hydrographic practice for enhanced safety of navigation at sea.The review is important to both the mariners,shipping industry and the government in order to explore the potentials provided by Geographic Information System,Remote Sensing,cloud GIS,big data GIS and Global Positioning System to enhance the practice of hydrography.The data and materials used for the review were obtained from literature in the internet and other published works.The paper looked at hydrography as a profession,roles of geospatial technologies in hydrographic practice,benefits of hydrography to national development and finally,the weaknesses of geospatial technologies in hydrographic practice were equally examined.展开更多
文摘Nowadays,spatiotemporal information,positioning,and navigation services have become critical components of new infrastructure.Precise positioning technology is indispensable for determining spatiotemporal information and providing navigation services.
文摘t LBS （location-based service） is a remarkable outcome of the development from GIS to geospatial information service. Faced by the requirements of geospatial information from the masses and the opportunity provided by the next generation lnternet and Web 2.0, a new model of geospatial information service based on DMI （digital measurable image） is presented. First, the con- cept of LBS and the opportunities of Web 2.0 are introduced, then the characteristic of DMI is discussed. Taking the Image City.Wuhan as an example, the function ofgeospatial information service based on DM! is introduced. Finally, the feasibility for its industrialization is discussed.
文摘The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a new global policy to guide the way countries collectively manage and transform the social,economic,and environmental dimensions of people and the planet over the next 15 years.Achieving sustainable development presents all countries and the global policy community with a set of significant development challenges that are almost entirely geographic in nature.Many of the issues impacting sustainable development can be analyzed,modeled,and mapped within a geographic context,which in turn can provide the integrative framework necessary for global collaboration,consensus and evidence-based decision-making.However,and despite significant advances in geospatial information technologies,there is a lack of awareness,understanding and uptake,particular at the policy and decision-making level,of the vital and integrative role of geospatial information and related enabling architectures such as National Spatial Data Infrastructures.This paper reasons that the role of geospatial information in contributing to sustainable development has not adequately been described by either the sustainable development policy practice or by the geospatial professional community.This lack of policy and guidance,with commensurate critical gaps and connection points with national geospatial frameworks,is a visible impediment to developing countries and those most affected by the challenges and need to achieve sustainable development.The global geospatial community now has a unique opportunity to integrate and connect geospatial information into the global development agenda in a more holistic and sustainable manner,specifically in contributing their data resources toward measuring and monitoring the 17 Sustainable Development Goals,and their 169 associated targets,through the global indicator framework that anchors the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.This paper introduces and discusses a new strategic framework for linking a global policy to national geospatial capabilities.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2008AA121600)the National BasicResearch Program of China (973 Program)(No. 2010CB731801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40871212)
文摘Aiming at the integrative management and comprehensive applications of large-scale 3D geospatial information covering the full 3D space of a city, this paper briefly introduces the design and implementation of a full 3D GIS platform： GeoScope, which provides a professional solution for the massive full three-dimensional geospatial data integration, management, analysis, visualization, and applications. GeoScope is characterized by： （1） extendible software architecture based on the hierarchical message bus, facilitates multimodal integrative applications of 2D GIS and 3D GIS; （2） unified 3D city models, support multiscale se- mantic representation of outdoor ＆ indoor and aboveground ＆ underground 3D objects; （3） high-efficient 3D geospatial database engine, supports integrated management of massive 3D geospatial data for real-time applications; and （4） high-performance visualization engine exploiting the massively parallel computation architecture of modem GPUs, supports real-time realistic rendering of large-scale complicated 3D geospatial environments. The successful pilot application of GeoScope is also illustrated with the 3D city models of 8494 knl2 of the whole Wuhan City, the largest city in middle China.
文摘In light of growing urban traffic,car parking becomes increasingly critical for cities to manage.As a result,the prediction of parking occupancy has sparked significant research interest in recent years.While many external data sources have been considered in the prediction models,the underlying geographic context has mostly been ignored.Thus,in order to study the contribution of geospatial information to parking occupancy prediction models,road network centrality,land use,and Point of Interest(POI)data were incorporated in Random Forest(RF)and Artificial Neural Network(ANN,specifically Feedforward Neural Network FFNN)prediction models in this work.Model performances were compared to a baseline,which only considers historical and temporal input data.Moreover,the influence of the amount of training data,the prediction horizon,and the spatial variation of the prediction were explored.The results show that the inclusion of geospatial information led to a performance improvement of up to 25%compared to the baseline.Besides,as the prediction horizon expanded,predictions became less reliable,while the relevance of geospatial data increased.In general,land use and POI data proved to be more beneficial than road network centrality.The amount of training data did not have a significant influence on the performance of the RF model.The ANN model,conversely,achieved optimal results on a training input of 5 days.Likely attributable to varying occupancy patterns,prediction performance disparities could be identified for different parking districts and street segments.Generally,the RF model outperformed the ANN model on all predictions.
文摘Since the introduction of geographic information systems(GIS)in the 1960s,it has evolved tremendously to an extent that it permeates our daily lives.Initially,GIS usage started in the developed countries and now increasingly filtered to developing countries.The town planning profession was one of the early adopters of GIS.Geospatial information is a useful source of data that is needed in urban planning.In these days of the New Urban Agenda 2030,smart cities are even more required from planners in using geospatial information to face urban challenges such as sustainable urban development and climate change.Although GIS has promised a lot for urban planning,it has not reached its full potential.Moreover,many studies have focused on developed countries with limited studies on geospatial information application in municipalities and GIS education from a perspective of developing countries.In this study,a survey on the usage of geospatial information science(GSIS)in two cities,namely Bulawayo in Zimbabwe and Ekurhuleni in South Africa,was conducted,and an overview of the state of GIS curricula in planning schools is discussed.The results indicate that considerable progress has been made in the application of geospatial information in municipal planning;however,there are impediments limiting the full utilization of geospatial information in local municipalities.These impediments include:inadequate GIS curricula in planning schools,lack of resources,and lack of political will.These challenges manifest differently in well-resourced municipalities and those with limited resources.The study proposes planning-relevant GIS curricula to improve the level of GIS use in planning practice.
文摘The proliferation of urban development with concentration in population and human-environment interaction has intensified around urban environments. This has resulted in the degradation of urban environments, overuse of natural resources and widespread pollution of ecosystems, The patterns of design initiatives continue to follow unsustainable path with impacts on stream ecosystems. Accordingly, the paper adopts geospatial information systems and sustainability principles for the identification and sequential mapping of stressors impeding natural systems in Southern Mississippi. The results not only reveal that the study area experienced some significant changes in its watershed environments, but the stream habitat ecosystem remains under stress. The recommendations for mitigating the problems range from policy considerations to the adoption of ecosystem approach.
文摘The mobile geospatial information service involves the domain of mobile communication, mobile computing, geospatial information service and other techniques. This paper focuses on the integration of spatial information and mobile communication technologies. The author proposes the architecture of mobile geospatial information service based on the Ad Hoc network. On the basis of this architecture, a system is developed, and applied in correlative fields.
基金fully funded by the Center for Advanced Modeling and Geospatial Information Systems(CAMGIS),Faculty of Engineering and IT,University of Technology Sydneysupported by Researchers Supporting Project number RSP-2020/14,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘Earthquake prediction is currently the most crucial task required for the probability,hazard,risk mapping,and mitigation purposes.Earthquake prediction attracts the researchers'attention from both academia and industries.Traditionally,the risk assessment approaches have used various traditional and machine learning models.However,deep learning techniques have been rarely tested for earthquake probability mapping.Therefore,this study develops a convolutional neural network(CNN)model for earthquake probability assessment in NE India.Then conducts vulnerability using analytical hierarchy process(AHP),Venn's intersection theory for hazard,and integrated model for risk mapping.A prediction of classification task was performed in which the model predicts magnitudes more than 4 Mw that considers nine indicators.Prediction classification results and intensity variation were then used for probability and hazard mapping,respectively.Finally,earthquake risk map was produced by multiplying hazard,vulnerability,and coping capacity.The vulnerability was prepared by using six vulnerable factors,and the coping capacity was estimated by using the number of hospitals and associated variables,including budget available for disaster management.The CNN model for a probability distribution is a robust technique that provides good accuracy.Results show that CNN is superior to the other algorithms,which completed the classification prediction task with an accuracy of 0.94,precision of 0.98,recall of 0.85,and F1 score of 0.91.These indicators were used for probability mapping,and the total area of hazard(21,412.94 km^(2)),vulnerability(480.98 km^(2)),and risk(34,586.10 km^(2))was estimated.
文摘This paper examines the current state of three of the key areas of geospatial science in Australia:positioning;earth observation(EO);and spatial infrastructures.The paper discusses the limitations and challenges that will shape the development of these three areas of geospatial science over the next decade and then profiles what each may look like in about 2026.Australia’s national positioning infrastructure plan is guiding the development of a nation-wide,sub decimeter,real-time,outdoor positioning capability based on multi-GNSS and in particular the emerging precise point positioning−real-time kinematic(PPP-RTK)capability.Additional positioning systems including the ground-based Locata system,location-based indoor systems,and beacons,among others are also discussed.The importance of the underpinning role of a next generation dynamic datum is considered.The development of Australia’s first EO strategy is described along with the key national needs of the products of remote sensing.The development of massive on-line multi-decadal geospatial imagery data stores and processing engines for co-registered stacks of continuous base-line satellite imagery are explored.Finally,perspectives on the evolution of a future spatial knowledge infrastructure(SKI)emerging from today’s traditional spatial data infrastructures(SDIs)are provided together with discussion of the growing importance of geospatial analytics for transforming whole supply chains.
文摘On the basis of the authors’ experiences of setting up an NGDC Web site,this paper attempts to present some significant aspects about the security of NGDC based on ASP.They include data storing,database maintenance,new technical support and so on.Firstly,this paper discusses how to provide the security of data which is saved in the hosts of NGDC.The security model of "Networks_DB Server_DB_DB Object" is also presented.In Windows NT Server,Internet Information Server (i.e.,IIS) is in charge of transferring message and the management of Web sites.ASP is also based on IIS.The advantages of virtual directory technique provided by IIS are emphasized. An NGDC Web site,at the Research Center of GIS in Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping is also mentioned in this paper.Because it is only an analoge used for case study,the transmission of digital spatial products is not included in the functions in this NGDC Web site.However,the management of spatial metadata is more important and some functions of metadata query are implemented in it.It is illustrated clearly in the functional diagram of the NGDC Web site.
文摘On the basis of the digital Weifang geospatial framework,Smart Weifang spatio-temporal information cloud platform(WFCP)integrated legal person information,population,place name and address data,macroeconomic data and so on.And it also expanded the data contents,such as the indoor and outdoor data,the overground and underground data,panoramic data and real data.It also introduced the contents of historical geographical information in different periods and real-time location information,address information of sensing equipment,real-time perception and interpreting information.It has overcome the difficulties of real-time access of Internet of Things(IoT)perception,multi-node collaboration,64-bit support,cluster deployment and has the characteristics of spatio-temporal management,ondemand service,large data analysis and micro-service architecture.It built spatio-temporal information big data center and spatio-temporal information cloud platform,realized the convergence and management of the distributed big data,deeply applied for land,transportation,environmental protection,police and subdistrict five areas,by supporting the integrated application of multi-source information and supporting intelligent deep application.In the aspect of hardware environment construction,according to the top-level design and unified arrangement of Smart Weifang,the WFCP was migrated to Weifang cloud computing center,to achieve the on-demand computing resources and dynamic scheduling load-based computing resources,to support the generalizing load map application.
文摘Geospatial datasets are typically available as distributed collections contributed by various government or commercial providers. Supporting the diverse needs of various users that may be accessing the same dataset for different applications remains a challenging issue. In order to overcome this challenge there is a clear need to develop the capabilities to take into account complicated patterns of preference describing user and/or application particularities, and use these patterns to rank query results in terms of suitability. This paper offers a demonstration on how intelligent systems can assist geospatial queries to improve retrieval accuracy by customizing results based on preference patterns. We outline the particularities of the geospatial domain and present our method and its application.
文摘BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study is to utilize the geographical information system(GIS) software and perform the spatial analysis in relation to clinical data for road traffi c injury(RTI) pediatric cases attending the emergency department.METHODS: The study sample included pediatric patients(age less than 18 years) with roadrelated injuries within a district in Malaysia who attended emergency departments of two tertiary hospitals within the district. In addition to injury, pre-hospital care and outcome data, the coordinate of the locations were obtained by the ambulance paramedics by using portable handheld GPS unit brand Garmin? model GPS 72 H. The data was transferred into the excel format which in turn underwent GIS analysis by using ARCGIS?(by ESRI) software version 10.1 licensed to the study institution.RESULTS: A total of 102(24.8%) of all motor vehicle crash(MVC) victims involved the pediatric age group(age 18 years and below). The mean(SD) age of the pediatric victims was 14.30 years(SD 3.830). Male comprised of 68(66.7%) of the cases. Motorcyclists [88(88.0%)] were the most common type of victims involved. Interestingly, the majority of the severely injured victims [75(73%)] sustained the RTI on roads with maximum speed limit of 60 km/hour. The mean(SD) length of hospital stay was 7.83 days(5.59).CONCLUSION: The pediatric related road traffic injury in Malaysia causes significant health and social burden in the country. This study showed both important clinical and geographical factors that need to be taken into consideration for future preventive action.
文摘Small-scale farming accounts for 78% of total agricultural production in Kenya and contributes to 23.5% of the country’s GDP. Their crop production activities are mostly rainfed subsistence with any surplus being sold to bring in some income. Timely decisions on farm practices such as farm preparation and planting are critical determinants of the seasonal outcomes. In Kenya, most small-scale farmers have no reliable source of information that would help them make timely and accurate decisions. County governments have extension officers who are mandated with giving farmers advisory services to farmers but they are not able to reach most farmers due to facilitation constraints. The mode and format of sharing information is also critical since it’s important to ensure that it’s timely, well-understood and usable. This study sought to assess access to geospatial derived and other crop production information by farmers in four selected counties of Kenya. Specific objectives were to determine the profile of small-scale farmers in terms of age, education and farm size;to determine the type of information that is made available to them by County and Sub-County extension officers including the format and mode of provision;and to determine if the information provided was useful in terms of accuracy, timeliness and adequacy. The results indicated that over 80% of the farmers were over 35 years of age and over 56% were male. Majority had attained primary education (34%) or secondary education (29%) and most farmers in all the counties grew maize (71%). Notably, fellow farmers were a source of information (71%) with the frequency of sharing information being mostly seasonal (37%) and when information was available (43%). Over 66% of interviewed farmers indicating that they faced challenges while using provided information. The results from the study are insightful and helpful in determining effective ways of providing farmers with useful information to ensure maximum benefits.
文摘With the requirements for high performance results in the today’s mobile, global, highly competitive, and technology-based business world, business professionals have to get supported by convenient mobile decision support systems (DSS). To give an improved support to mobile business professionals, it is necessary to go further than just allowing a simple remote access to a Business Intelligence platform. In this paper, the need for actual context-aware mobile Geospatial Business Intelligence (GeoBI) systems that can help capture, filter, organize and structure the user mobile context is exposed and justified. Furthermore, since capturing, structuring, and modeling mobile contextual information is still a research issue, a wide inventory of existing research work on context and mobile context is provided. Then, step by step, we methodologically identify relevant contextual information to capture for mobility purposes as well as for BI needs, organize them into context-dimensions, and build a hierarchical mobile GeoBI context model which (1) is geo-spatial-extended, (2) fits with human perception of mobility, (3) takes into account the local context interactions and information-sharing with remote contexts, and (4) matches with the usual hierarchical aggregated structure of BI data.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60872065Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University under Grant No.KFKT2010B17
文摘The segmentation effect of Tsallis entropy method is superior to that of Shannon entropy method, and the computation speed of two-dimensional Shannon cross entropy method can be further improved by optimization. The existing two-dimensional Tsallis cross entropy method is not the strict two-dimensional extension. Thus two new methods of image thresholding using two-dimensional Tsallis cross entropy based on either Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) or decomposition are proposed. The former uses CPSO to find the optimal threshold. The recursive algorithm is adopted to avoid the repetitive computation of fitness function in iterative procedure. The computing speed is improved greatly. The latter converts the two-dimensional computation into two one-dimensional spaces, which makes the computational complexity further reduced from O(L2) to O(L). The experimental results show that, compared with the proposed recently two-dimensional Shannon or Tsallis cross entropy method, the two new methods can achieve superior segmentation results and reduce running time greatly.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61772417,61634004,and 61602377)the Key R&D Progrm Projects in Shaanxi Province(No.2017GY-060)the Shaanxi Natural Science Basic Research Project(No.018JM4018)。
文摘The intensity of the micro-expression is weak,although the directional low frequency components in the image are preserved by many algorithms,the extracted micro-expression ft^ature information is not sufficient to accurately represent its sequences.In order to improve the accuracy of micro-expression recognition,first,each frame image is extracted from,its sequences,and the image frame is pre-processed by using gray normalization,size normalization,and two-dimensional principal component analysis(2DPCA);then,the optical flow method is used to extract the motion characteristics of the reduced-dimensional image,the information entropy value of the optical flow characteristic image is calculated by the information entropy principle,and the information entropy value is analyzed to obtain the eigenvalue.Therefore,more micro-expression feature information is extracted,including more important information,which can further improve the accuracy of micro-expression classification and recognition;finally,the feature images are classified by using the support vector machine(SVM).The experimental results show that the micro-expression feature image obtained by the information entropy statistics can effectively improve the accuracy of micro-expression recognition.
文摘Recently, smart grid solutions have started to extend the visibility of the electrical grid to the entire network; including high voltage transmission lines, medium voltage distribution networks, and the low voltage networks to households. The typical data monitored includes： voltage, current, phase, and power measurements, together with network events and alarms. This paper analyses the key challenges facing smart grid solutions in providing effective access to large volumes of sensory data that is distributed over a large geographic area. A case study is described that outlines how the use of geospatial technology together with Web 2.0 technologies may be applied to improve user access and control to this data. The results show that a geospatial solution provides an effective mechanism for visualizing telemetry data monitored within the smart grid.
文摘Any seafarer or mariner that uses the sea knows that navigation without correct charts is impossible and hazardous because nautical charts are the most essential and indispensable tools for vessels to sail safely at sea.For vessels to safely sail at sea,the seas and the oceans ought to be charted and this falls within the domain of hydrography.However,the seas cannot be charted effectively in the absence of the deployment of human resources and adequate tools like satellite and aerial imagery,survey boats and other equipment that will facilitate the hydrographic operations.The acquisition of data and information about the sea depths,nature of sea bed,waterways,navigational hazards and navigational objects among others,basically falls within the sphere of hydrography which is primarily known as survey at sea.The paper offers a review of geospatial technologies in hydrographic practice for enhanced safety of navigation at sea.The review is important to both the mariners,shipping industry and the government in order to explore the potentials provided by Geographic Information System,Remote Sensing,cloud GIS,big data GIS and Global Positioning System to enhance the practice of hydrography.The data and materials used for the review were obtained from literature in the internet and other published works.The paper looked at hydrography as a profession,roles of geospatial technologies in hydrographic practice,benefits of hydrography to national development and finally,the weaknesses of geospatial technologies in hydrographic practice were equally examined.
