As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and el...As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics,MXenes have shown great potential in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing electronics,including neuromorphic gas sensors,pressure sensors and photodetectors.This paper provides a forward-looking review of the research progress regarding MXenes in the neuromorphic sensing domain and discussed the critical challenges that need to be resolved.Key bottlenecks such as insufficient long-term stability under environmental exposure,high costs,scalability limitations in large-scale production,and mechanical mismatch in wearable integration hinder their practical deployment.Furthermore,unresolved issues like interfacial compatibility in heterostructures and energy inefficiency in neu-romorphic signal conversion demand urgent attention.The review offers insights into future research directions enhance the fundamental understanding of MXene properties and promote further integration into neuromorphic computing applications through the convergence with various emerging technologies.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)multilayer kagome materials hold significant research value for regulating kagome-related physical properties and exploring quantum effects.However,their development is hindered by the scarcity of a...Two-dimensional(2D)multilayer kagome materials hold significant research value for regulating kagome-related physical properties and exploring quantum effects.However,their development is hindered by the scarcity of available material systems,making the identification of novel 2D multilayer kagome candidates particularly important.In this work,three types of 2D materials with trilayer kagome lattices,namely Sc_(6)S_(5)X_(6)(X=Cl,Br,I),are predicted based on first-principles calculations.These 2D materials feature two kagome lattices composed of Sc atoms and one kagome lattice composed of S atoms.Stability analysis indicates that these materials can exist as free-standing 2D materials.Electronic structure calculations reveal that Sc_(6)S_(5)X_(6)are narrow-bandgap semiconductors(0.76–0.95 e V),with their band structures exhibiting flat bands contributed by Sc-based kagome lattices and Dirac band gaps resulting from symmetry breaking.The sulfur-based kagome lattice in the central layer contributes an independent flat band below the Fermi level.Additionally,Sc_(6)S_(5)X_(6)exhibit high carrier mobility,with hole and electron mobilities reaching up to 10^(3)cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),indicating potential applications in low-dimensional electronic devices.This work provides an excellent example for the development of novel multilayer 2D kagome materials.展开更多
Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the del...Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the delivery efficiency,we engineered three artesunate(ART) derivatives,AC_(15)-L(linear),AC_(15)-B(branched),and AC_(15)-C(cyclic) with distinct aliphatic chain architectures.Unexpectedly,we observed that AC_(15)-C exhibited superior cytotoxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells,and had the highest binding affinity for Lon protease 1(LONP1)(-72.6 kcal/mol).Subsequently,disulfide bond-containing lipid-PEG(DSPESS-PEG2K) modified chain architecture-engineered ART derivatives nanoassemblies(NAs) were developed to mitigate solubility-related limitations while enhancing targeting precision.Molecular docking and experimental validation demonstrated that ART derivatives inhibited LONP1 through hydrophobic interactions while preserved Fe^(2+)-mediated Fenton-like reaction activity.In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated that AC_(15)-C NAs outperformed free ART and other NAs,suppressing 4T1 tumor growth via dual action:LONP1-directed mitochondrial proteostasis collapse and reactive oxygen species(ROS) amplification through Fe^(2+)-ART interactions.This study elucidated a novel anti-tumor mechanism of ART through the rational design of derivatives with spatially configured aliphatic chains,and developed reductionresponsive NAs to provide an advanced delivery strategy.展开更多
From the perspective of Multimodal Metaphor Theory,the architectural scenes in Ne Zha 2 embody highly condensed cultural connotations.Through the synergy of vision,soundscape,and dialect,the film constructs a metaphor...From the perspective of Multimodal Metaphor Theory,the architectural scenes in Ne Zha 2 embody highly condensed cultural connotations.Through the synergy of vision,soundscape,and dialect,the film constructs a metaphorical chain of“human order-ethnic oppression-theocratic structure”via the three core architectural spaces.As core signifiers,buildings drive the plot,shape characters,and convey values.The study reveals that animation activates traditional architecture’s metaphorical potential through cross-modal mapping,endowing historical symbols with contemporary vitality and providing a paradigm for the creative transformation of traditional culture.展开更多
Deep learning has become integral to robotics,particularly in tasks such as robotic grasping,where objects often exhibit diverse shapes,textures,and physical properties.In robotic grasping tasks,due to the diverse cha...Deep learning has become integral to robotics,particularly in tasks such as robotic grasping,where objects often exhibit diverse shapes,textures,and physical properties.In robotic grasping tasks,due to the diverse characteristics of the targets,frequent adjustments to the network architecture and parameters are required to avoid a decrease in model accuracy,which presents a significant challenge for non-experts.Neural Architecture Search(NAS)provides a compelling method through the automated generation of network architectures,enabling the discovery of models that achieve high accuracy through efficient search algorithms.Compared to manually designed networks,NAS methods can significantly reduce design costs,time expenditure,and improve model performance.However,such methods often involve complex topological connections,and these redundant structures can severely reduce computational efficiency.To overcome this challenge,this work puts forward a robotic grasp detection framework founded on NAS.The method automatically designs a lightweight network with high accuracy and low topological complexity,effectively adapting to the target object to generate the optimal grasp pose,thereby significantly improving the success rate of robotic grasping.Additionally,we use Class Activation Mapping(CAM)as an interpretability tool,which captures sensitive information during the perception process through visualized results.The searched model achieved competitive,and in some cases superior,performance on the Cornell and Jacquard public datasets,achieving accuracies of 98.3%and 96.8%,respectively,while sustaining a detection speed of 89 frames per second with only 0.41 million parameters.To further validate its effectiveness beyond benchmark evaluations,we conducted real-world grasping experiments on a UR5 robotic arm,where the model demonstrated reliable performance across diverse objects and high grasp success rates,thereby confirming its practical applicability in robotic manipulation tasks.展开更多
With the rapid development of image-generative AI (artificial intelligence) technology, its application in undergraduate Landscape Architecture education has demonstrated significant potential. Based on this, the pres...With the rapid development of image-generative AI (artificial intelligence) technology, its application in undergraduate Landscape Architecture education has demonstrated significant potential. Based on this, the present study explores the implications of integrating image-generative AI into Landscape Architecture courses from three perspectives: stimulating students creative design potential, expanding approaches to form and concept generation, and enhancing the visualization of spatial scenes. Furthermore, it discusses application strategies from three dimensions: AI-assisted conceptual generation, human-machine collaboration for design refinement, and optimization of scheme presentation and evaluation. This paper aims to provide relevant educators with insights and references.展开更多
Fault-tolerant systems are crucial for ensuring the reliability and availability of missioncritical applications in modern computing environments.The dynamic heterogeneous redundancy(DHR)architecture is a key componen...Fault-tolerant systems are crucial for ensuring the reliability and availability of missioncritical applications in modern computing environments.The dynamic heterogeneous redundancy(DHR)architecture is a key component in constructing fault-tolerant systems,particularly in areas such as national security,power networks,and banking private networks.DHR is transforming the cyberspace security industry chain by accommodating a broader range of applications and increasingly capturing the market.However,the development of applications for DHR architecture encounters challenges due to the complexities of handling heterogeneity,managing dynamism,and maintaining usability.To address these issues,we introduce MimicStudio,a comprehensive development framework with a standardized workflow.To our knowledge,MimicStudio is the first effective solution for DHR software development.We present a detailed implementation of MimicStudio with a heterogeneous microcontroller unit project,encompassing three CPUs with different instruction set architectures.The paper evaluates MimicStudio’s support for essential features,including zero-copy synchronization,parallelized build,multi-core collaborative debugging,and dynamic adjustment of the software system’s structure.Our results show that MimicStudio provides a flexible and efficient solution for supporting the dynamic,heterogeneous,and redundant features of fault-tolerant systems.展开更多
Improved yield potential is the goal of barley domestication and cultivation.During this process,two-and six-rowed barley types emerged and have been utilised in breeding and production.The six-rowed type could produc...Improved yield potential is the goal of barley domestication and cultivation.During this process,two-and six-rowed barley types emerged and have been utilised in breeding and production.The six-rowed type could produce three times as many grains as its ancestral two-rowed forms,thus dominating barley cultivation for thousands of years.The deficiens form of the two-rowed type,characterised by extremely suppressed lateral spikelets,has gained dominance over the past few decades in barley-growing regions worldwide.We hypothesised that the absence of lateral spikelets in deficiens barley affects spike architecture and spike-related traits,contributing to its superior yield potential of deficiens barley cultivation.Currently,a deficiens barley variety,RGT Planet,is the most popular barley variety in the world.In this study,we used two F_(2) populations derived from crossing RGT Planet with two canonical two-rowed barley and identified the functional allele Vrs1.t1 associated with deficiens morphology.We observed that the Vrs1.t1 allele may contribute to high yield potential by optimising spike architecture through increased spikelet length,grain number,and grain size.Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the deficiens mutation was likely present from the early stages of barley cultivation in the Fertile Crescent and spread to Ethiopia and beyond with agricultural expansion.We conclude that the ancient deficiens allele Vrs1.t1 has been a critical driver for the recent success of modern barley improvement by optimising spike architecture.展开更多
Wheat(Triticum aestivum)faces significant threats from diseases such as powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis)and Fusarium head blight(FHB;caused by Fusarium graminearum),which cause severe yield losses.Moreover,the antago...Wheat(Triticum aestivum)faces significant threats from diseases such as powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis)and Fusarium head blight(FHB;caused by Fusarium graminearum),which cause severe yield losses.Moreover,the antagonism between yield-related traits and disease resistance makes yield resistance coordination a major challenge in wheat breeding.The lack of genetic resources combining both disease resistance and high yield constrains the elucidation of underlying resistance-yield trade-off mechanisms,thereby hindering the development of high-yield and disease-resistant wheat cultivars.Remarkably,Yangmai 33(YM33),a notable wheat cultivar with resistance to both powdery mildew and FHB as well as high-yield performance,was recently developed.It offers a unique opportunity to dissect the genomic architecture underlying the coordination between disease resistance and yield.展开更多
With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronics,the demand for stretchable energy storage devices has surged.In this work,a novel gradient-layered architecture was design based on single-pore hollow lignin...With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronics,the demand for stretchable energy storage devices has surged.In this work,a novel gradient-layered architecture was design based on single-pore hollow lignin nanospheres(HLNPs)-intercalated two-dimensional transition metal carbide(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene)for fabricating highly stretchable and durable supercapacitors.By depositing and inserting HLNPs in the MXene layers with a bottom-up decreasing gradient,a multilayered porous MXene structure with smooth ion channels was constructed by reducing the overstacking of MXene lamella.Moreover,the micro-chamber architecture of thin-walled lignin nanospheres effectively extended the contact area between lignin and MXene to improve ion and electron accessibility,thus better utilizing the pseudocapacitive property of lignin.All these strategies effectively enhanced the capacitive performance of the electrodes.In addition,HLNPs,which acted as a protective phase for MXene layer,enhanced mechanical properties of the wrinkled stretchable electrodes by releasing stress through slip and deformation during the stretch-release cycling and greatly improved the structural integrity and capacitive stability of the electrodes.Flexible electrodes and symmetric flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors capable of enduring 600%uniaxial tensile strain were developed with high specific capacitances of 1273 mF cm^(−2)(241 F g^(−1))and 514 mF cm^(−2)(95 F g^(−1)),respectively.Moreover,their capacitances were well preserved after 1000 times of 600%stretch-release cycling.This study showcased new possibilities of incorporating biobased lignin nanospheres in energy storage devices to fabricate stretchable devices leveraging synergies among various two-dimensional nanomaterials.展开更多
High-density planting increases maize yield but also canopy crowding and stalk lodging.Aiming this contradiction,a wavy canopy was created using interlaced chemical application(IC)of a plant growth retardant at the V1...High-density planting increases maize yield but also canopy crowding and stalk lodging.Aiming this contradiction,a wavy canopy was created using interlaced chemical application(IC)of a plant growth retardant at the V14 stage with three densities(60,000,75,000,and 90,000 plants ha-1,indicated by D1,D2,and D3,respectively)for two seasons.The results showed that the IC-treated wavy canopy featuring both natural height(IC-H)and dwarfed(IC-L)plants,improved light transmission by 8.54%,8.49%,and 16.49%on average than the corresponding controls(CK)at D1,D2,and D3,respectively.The alleviation of canopy crowding stimulated leaf photosynthesis,sugar availability,basal-internode strength,and decreased plant lodging ratios in both IC-H and IC-L,particularly under higher densities.Meanwhile,the IC populations produced significantly higher yield than CK,with an average increase of 3.38%,16.70%,and 15.28%at D1,D2,and D3,respectively.Collectively,this study proposed a new wavy canopy strategy using plant growth retardant to simultaneously increase yield performance and lodging resistance,thus offering a sustainable solution for further development of high-density maize production.展开更多
The proliferation of wearable biodevices has boosted the development of soft,innovative,and multifunctional materials for human health monitoring.The integration of wearable sensors with intelligent systems is an over...The proliferation of wearable biodevices has boosted the development of soft,innovative,and multifunctional materials for human health monitoring.The integration of wearable sensors with intelligent systems is an overwhelming tendency,providing powerful tools for remote health monitoring and personal health management.Among many candidates,two-dimensional(2D)materials stand out due to several exotic mechanical,electrical,optical,and chemical properties that can be efficiently integrated into atomic-thin films.While previous reviews on 2D materials for biodevices primarily focus on conventional configurations and materials like graphene,the rapid development of new 2D materials with exotic properties has opened up novel applications,particularly in smart interaction and integrated functionalities.This review aims to consolidate recent progress,highlight the unique advantages of 2D materials,and guide future research by discussing existing challenges and opportunities in applying 2D materials for smart wearable biodevices.We begin with an in-depth analysis of the advantages,sensing mechanisms,and potential applications of 2D materials in wearable biodevice fabrication.Following this,we systematically discuss state-of-the-art biodevices based on 2D materials for monitoring various physiological signals within the human body.Special attention is given to showcasing the integration of multi-functionality in 2D smart devices,mainly including self-power supply,integrated diagnosis/treatment,and human–machine interaction.Finally,the review concludes with a concise summary of existing challenges and prospective solutions concerning the utilization of2D materials for advanced biodevices.展开更多
Modern aircraft tend to use fuel thermal management systems to cool onboard heat sources.However,the design of heat transfer architectures for fuel thermal management systems relies on the experience of the engineers ...Modern aircraft tend to use fuel thermal management systems to cool onboard heat sources.However,the design of heat transfer architectures for fuel thermal management systems relies on the experience of the engineers and lacks theoretical guidance.This paper proposes a concise graph representation method based on graph theory for fuel thermal management systems,which can represent all possible connections between subsystems.A generalized optimization algorithm is proposed for fuel thermal management system architecture to minimize the heat sink.This algorithm can autonomously arrange subsystems with heat production differences and efficiently utilize the architecture of the fuel heat sink.At the same time,two evaluation indices are proposed from the perspective of subsystems.These indices intuitively and clearly show that the reason for the high efficiency of heat sink utilization is the balanced and moderate cooling of each subsystem and verify the rationality of the architecture optimization method.A set of simulations are also conducted,which demonstrate that the fuel tank temperature has no effect on the performance of the architecture.This paper provides a reference for the architectural design of aircraft fuel thermal management systems.The metrics used in this paper can also be utilized to evaluate the existing architecture.展开更多
To address the discrepancies between well and seismic data in stratigraphic correlation of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin,NW China,traditional stratigraphic classification schemes,the latest 3D sei...To address the discrepancies between well and seismic data in stratigraphic correlation of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin,NW China,traditional stratigraphic classification schemes,the latest 3D seismic and drilling data,and reservoir sections are thoroughly investigated.Guided by the theory of sequence stratigraphy,the progradational sequence stratigraphic framework of the Yanchang Formation is systematically constructed to elucidate new deposition mechanisms in the depressed lacustrine basin,and it has been successfully applied to the exploration and development practices in the Qingcheng Oilfield.Key findings are obtained in three aspects.First,the seismic progradational reflections,marker tuff beds,and condensed sections of flooding surfaces in the Yanchang Formation are consistent and isochronous.Using flooding surface markers as a reference,a progradational sequence stratigraphic architecture is reconstructed for the middle-upper part of Yanchang Formation,and divided into seven clinoform units(CF1-CF7).Second,progradation predominantly occurs in semi-deep to deep lake environments,with the depositional center not always coinciding with the thickest strata.The lacustrine basin underwent an evolution of“oscillatory regression-progradational infilling-multi-phase superimposition”.Third,the case study of Qingcheng Oilfield reveals that the major pay zones consist of“isochronous but heterochronous”gravity-flow sandstone complexes.Guided by the progradational sequence stratigraphic architecture,horizontal well oil-layer penetration rates remain above 82%.The progradational sequence stratigraphic architecture and associated geological insights are more consistent with the sedimentary infilling mechanisms of large-scale continental depressed lacustrine basins and actual drilling results.The research results provide crucial theoretical and technical support for subsequent refined exploration and development of the Yanchang Formation,and are expected to offer a reference for research and production practice in similar continental lacustrine basins.展开更多
A functional interlayer based on two-dimensional(2D)porous modified vermiculite nanosheets(PVS)was obtained by acid-etching vermiculite nanosheets.The as-obtained 2D porous nanosheets exhibited a high specific surface...A functional interlayer based on two-dimensional(2D)porous modified vermiculite nanosheets(PVS)was obtained by acid-etching vermiculite nanosheets.The as-obtained 2D porous nanosheets exhibited a high specific surface area of 427 m^(2)·g^(-1)and rich surface active sites,which help restrain polysulfides(LiPSs)through good physi-cal and chemical adsorption,while simultaneously accelerating the nucleation and dissolution kinetics of Li_(2)S,effec-tively suppressing the shuttle effect.The assembled lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)employing the PVS-based inter-layer delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1386 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1C(167.5 mAh·g^(-1)),long-term cycling stabil-ity,and good rate property.展开更多
This paper investigates ruin,capital injection,and dividends for a two-dimensional risk model.The model posits that surplus levels of insurance companies are governed by a perturbed composite Poisson risk model.This m...This paper investigates ruin,capital injection,and dividends for a two-dimensional risk model.The model posits that surplus levels of insurance companies are governed by a perturbed composite Poisson risk model.This model introduces a dependence between the two surplus levels,present in both the associated perturbations and the claims resulting from common shocks.Critical levels of capital injection and dividends are established for each of the two risks.The surplus levels are observed discretely at fixed intervals,guiding decisions on capital injection,dividends,and ruin at these junctures.This study employs a two-dimensional Fourier cosine series expansion method to approximate the finite time expected discounted operating cost until ruin.The ensuing approximation error is also quantified.The validity and accuracy of the method are corroborated through numerical examples.Furthermore,the research delves into the optimal capital allocation problem.展开更多
It’s possible for malicious operators to seize hold of electrical control systems, for instance, the engine control unit of driverless vehicles, from various vectors, e.g. autonomic control system, remote vehicle acc...It’s possible for malicious operators to seize hold of electrical control systems, for instance, the engine control unit of driverless vehicles, from various vectors, e.g. autonomic control system, remote vehicle access, or human drivers. To mitigate potential risks, this paper provides the inauguration study by proposing a theoretical framework in the physical, human and cyber triad. Its goal is to, at each time point, detect adversary control behaviors and protect control systems against malicious operations via integrating a variety of methods. This paper only proposes a theoretical framework which tries to indicate possible threats. With the support of the framework, the security system can lightly reduce the risk. The development and implementation of the system are out of scope.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with high energy density and capacity have garnered significant research attention among various energy storage devices.However,the shuttle effect of polysulfides(LiPSs)remains a major ch...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with high energy density and capacity have garnered significant research attention among various energy storage devices.However,the shuttle effect of polysulfides(LiPSs)remains a major challenge for their practical application.The design of battery separators has become a key aspect in addressing the challenge.MXenes,a promising two-dimensional(2D)material,offer exceptional conductivity,large surface area,high mechanical strength,and active sites for surface reactions.When assembled into layered films,MXenes form highly tunable two-dimensional channels ranging from a few angstroms to over 1 nm.These nanoconfined channels are instrumental in facilitating lithium-ion transport while effectively impeding the shuttle effect of LiPSs,which are essential for improving the specific capacity and cyclic stability of Li-S batteries.Substantial progress has been made in developing MXenes-based separators for Li-S batteries,yet there remains a research gap in summarizing advancements from the perspective of interlayer engineering.This entails maintaining the 2D nanochannels of layered MXenes-based separators while modulating the physicochemical environment within the MXenes interlayers through targeted modifications.This review highlights advancements in in situ modification of MXenes and their integration with 0D,1D,and 2D materials to construct laminated nanocomposite separators for Li-S batteries.The future development directions of MXenes-based materials in Li-S energy storage devices are also outlined,to drive further advancements in MXenes for Li-S battery separators.展开更多
Not always climate and cultural contexts are discussed at the forefront of architectural discussions on traditional or vernacular architecture,nevertheless,the construction material also plays a significant part in de...Not always climate and cultural contexts are discussed at the forefront of architectural discussions on traditional or vernacular architecture,nevertheless,the construction material also plays a significant part in defining places’architectural languages.Building from the local materials is an essential ingredient of the local distinctiveness,whilst forming the architectural grand gesture in its context.In Siwa oasis,salt architecture has formed that architectural grand gesture.The vernacular vocabularies adopted by old Bedouins using salt bricks generated Siwa’s unique spirit.In this paper,some examples are illustrated based on a series of site visits to three main sites in Siwa,namely:Old Shali,Abu Shuruf,and Aghourmy.This shows the evolution of Siwa’s vernacular architecture and the role of the architectural language or detrimental effect on the overall quality of architecture.From the site visits,it was observed that building with the traditional technique is now becoming abandoned in Siwa,explained by the local builders to be due to the huge costs required;forcing them to shifting to modern architecture.The influx to building using modern techniques has led to a significant transformation in the urban morphology and spirit of Siwa.Herein lies the scope of this paper:to discuss the impact of the evolution of vernacular architecture on the overall quality of architecture in Siwa and thus identifying the problems which will lead to policy formulation and guidelines for the redevelopment of Siwa in order to“revitalize/resuscitate”its vernacular style accordingly.展开更多
This paper adopts the Global Workspace Theory as a neuro-scientifically plausible theory for developing conscious cognitive architecture.The Global Workspace Theory’s compatibility with the working mechanisms underne...This paper adopts the Global Workspace Theory as a neuro-scientifically plausible theory for developing conscious cognitive architecture.The Global Workspace Theory’s compatibility with the working mechanisms underneath human brains is enhanced by the implementation of different cognitive features based on this framework.Amongst the topics in the literature for intelligent systems,we start with attention,memory and learning mechanisms,and corresponding experiments are summarized here.We also discuss how other topics of cognitive robotics could be developed based on these three basic components,and their correlations.This provides a foundation for future long-term development of cognitive architectures of cognitive robots.The research in this paper follows the incremental research pathway for the architecture implementation,which is consistent with the Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architecture roadmap.展开更多
基金supported by the NSFC(12474071)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024YQ051,ZR2025QB50)+6 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011191)the Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1402200,23YF1402400)funded by Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(BK20240424)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials(KF2406)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(tsqn202408006,tsqn202507058)Young Talent of Lifting engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(SDAST2024QTB002)the Qilu Young Scholar Program of Shandong University。
文摘As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics,MXenes have shown great potential in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing electronics,including neuromorphic gas sensors,pressure sensors and photodetectors.This paper provides a forward-looking review of the research progress regarding MXenes in the neuromorphic sensing domain and discussed the critical challenges that need to be resolved.Key bottlenecks such as insufficient long-term stability under environmental exposure,high costs,scalability limitations in large-scale production,and mechanical mismatch in wearable integration hinder their practical deployment.Furthermore,unresolved issues like interfacial compatibility in heterostructures and energy inefficiency in neu-romorphic signal conversion demand urgent attention.The review offers insights into future research directions enhance the fundamental understanding of MXene properties and promote further integration into neuromorphic computing applications through the convergence with various emerging technologies.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2024IVA052 and Grant No.104972025KFYjc0089)。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)multilayer kagome materials hold significant research value for regulating kagome-related physical properties and exploring quantum effects.However,their development is hindered by the scarcity of available material systems,making the identification of novel 2D multilayer kagome candidates particularly important.In this work,three types of 2D materials with trilayer kagome lattices,namely Sc_(6)S_(5)X_(6)(X=Cl,Br,I),are predicted based on first-principles calculations.These 2D materials feature two kagome lattices composed of Sc atoms and one kagome lattice composed of S atoms.Stability analysis indicates that these materials can exist as free-standing 2D materials.Electronic structure calculations reveal that Sc_(6)S_(5)X_(6)are narrow-bandgap semiconductors(0.76–0.95 e V),with their band structures exhibiting flat bands contributed by Sc-based kagome lattices and Dirac band gaps resulting from symmetry breaking.The sulfur-based kagome lattice in the central layer contributes an independent flat band below the Fermi level.Additionally,Sc_(6)S_(5)X_(6)exhibit high carrier mobility,with hole and electron mobilities reaching up to 10^(3)cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),indicating potential applications in low-dimensional electronic devices.This work provides an excellent example for the development of novel multilayer 2D kagome materials.
基金financially supported by the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (No.XLYC2403107)the Excellent Youth Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No.2024JH3/10200046)the Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (No.LJ212410163015)。
文摘Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the delivery efficiency,we engineered three artesunate(ART) derivatives,AC_(15)-L(linear),AC_(15)-B(branched),and AC_(15)-C(cyclic) with distinct aliphatic chain architectures.Unexpectedly,we observed that AC_(15)-C exhibited superior cytotoxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells,and had the highest binding affinity for Lon protease 1(LONP1)(-72.6 kcal/mol).Subsequently,disulfide bond-containing lipid-PEG(DSPESS-PEG2K) modified chain architecture-engineered ART derivatives nanoassemblies(NAs) were developed to mitigate solubility-related limitations while enhancing targeting precision.Molecular docking and experimental validation demonstrated that ART derivatives inhibited LONP1 through hydrophobic interactions while preserved Fe^(2+)-mediated Fenton-like reaction activity.In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated that AC_(15)-C NAs outperformed free ART and other NAs,suppressing 4T1 tumor growth via dual action:LONP1-directed mitochondrial proteostasis collapse and reactive oxygen species(ROS) amplification through Fe^(2+)-ART interactions.This study elucidated a novel anti-tumor mechanism of ART through the rational design of derivatives with spatially configured aliphatic chains,and developed reductionresponsive NAs to provide an advanced delivery strategy.
文摘From the perspective of Multimodal Metaphor Theory,the architectural scenes in Ne Zha 2 embody highly condensed cultural connotations.Through the synergy of vision,soundscape,and dialect,the film constructs a metaphorical chain of“human order-ethnic oppression-theocratic structure”via the three core architectural spaces.As core signifiers,buildings drive the plot,shape characters,and convey values.The study reveals that animation activates traditional architecture’s metaphorical potential through cross-modal mapping,endowing historical symbols with contemporary vitality and providing a paradigm for the creative transformation of traditional culture.
基金funded by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023B1515120064)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273097).
文摘Deep learning has become integral to robotics,particularly in tasks such as robotic grasping,where objects often exhibit diverse shapes,textures,and physical properties.In robotic grasping tasks,due to the diverse characteristics of the targets,frequent adjustments to the network architecture and parameters are required to avoid a decrease in model accuracy,which presents a significant challenge for non-experts.Neural Architecture Search(NAS)provides a compelling method through the automated generation of network architectures,enabling the discovery of models that achieve high accuracy through efficient search algorithms.Compared to manually designed networks,NAS methods can significantly reduce design costs,time expenditure,and improve model performance.However,such methods often involve complex topological connections,and these redundant structures can severely reduce computational efficiency.To overcome this challenge,this work puts forward a robotic grasp detection framework founded on NAS.The method automatically designs a lightweight network with high accuracy and low topological complexity,effectively adapting to the target object to generate the optimal grasp pose,thereby significantly improving the success rate of robotic grasping.Additionally,we use Class Activation Mapping(CAM)as an interpretability tool,which captures sensitive information during the perception process through visualized results.The searched model achieved competitive,and in some cases superior,performance on the Cornell and Jacquard public datasets,achieving accuracies of 98.3%and 96.8%,respectively,while sustaining a detection speed of 89 frames per second with only 0.41 million parameters.To further validate its effectiveness beyond benchmark evaluations,we conducted real-world grasping experiments on a UR5 robotic arm,where the model demonstrated reliable performance across diverse objects and high grasp success rates,thereby confirming its practical applicability in robotic manipulation tasks.
基金Supported by Applied Brand Course of Mianyang Teacher's College(Investigation and Monitoring of Natural Resources).
文摘With the rapid development of image-generative AI (artificial intelligence) technology, its application in undergraduate Landscape Architecture education has demonstrated significant potential. Based on this, the present study explores the implications of integrating image-generative AI into Landscape Architecture courses from three perspectives: stimulating students creative design potential, expanding approaches to form and concept generation, and enhancing the visualization of spatial scenes. Furthermore, it discusses application strategies from three dimensions: AI-assisted conceptual generation, human-machine collaboration for design refinement, and optimization of scheme presentation and evaluation. This paper aims to provide relevant educators with insights and references.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB 4404200).
文摘Fault-tolerant systems are crucial for ensuring the reliability and availability of missioncritical applications in modern computing environments.The dynamic heterogeneous redundancy(DHR)architecture is a key component in constructing fault-tolerant systems,particularly in areas such as national security,power networks,and banking private networks.DHR is transforming the cyberspace security industry chain by accommodating a broader range of applications and increasingly capturing the market.However,the development of applications for DHR architecture encounters challenges due to the complexities of handling heterogeneity,managing dynamism,and maintaining usability.To address these issues,we introduce MimicStudio,a comprehensive development framework with a standardized workflow.To our knowledge,MimicStudio is the first effective solution for DHR software development.We present a detailed implementation of MimicStudio with a heterogeneous microcontroller unit project,encompassing three CPUs with different instruction set architectures.The paper evaluates MimicStudio’s support for essential features,including zero-copy synchronization,parallelized build,multi-core collaborative debugging,and dynamic adjustment of the software system’s structure.Our results show that MimicStudio provides a flexible and efficient solution for supporting the dynamic,heterogeneous,and redundant features of fault-tolerant systems.
基金Funding for this research was provided by the Australia Grain Research and Development Corporation(9176507)the Western Crop Genetics Alliance.Jingye Cheng thanks The University of Tasmania,Australia for the scholarship(495802)。
文摘Improved yield potential is the goal of barley domestication and cultivation.During this process,two-and six-rowed barley types emerged and have been utilised in breeding and production.The six-rowed type could produce three times as many grains as its ancestral two-rowed forms,thus dominating barley cultivation for thousands of years.The deficiens form of the two-rowed type,characterised by extremely suppressed lateral spikelets,has gained dominance over the past few decades in barley-growing regions worldwide.We hypothesised that the absence of lateral spikelets in deficiens barley affects spike architecture and spike-related traits,contributing to its superior yield potential of deficiens barley cultivation.Currently,a deficiens barley variety,RGT Planet,is the most popular barley variety in the world.In this study,we used two F_(2) populations derived from crossing RGT Planet with two canonical two-rowed barley and identified the functional allele Vrs1.t1 associated with deficiens morphology.We observed that the Vrs1.t1 allele may contribute to high yield potential by optimising spike architecture through increased spikelet length,grain number,and grain size.Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the deficiens mutation was likely present from the early stages of barley cultivation in the Fertile Crescent and spread to Ethiopia and beyond with agricultural expansion.We conclude that the ancient deficiens allele Vrs1.t1 has been a critical driver for the recent success of modern barley improvement by optimising spike architecture.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD1201100)the research program from the Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory(ZSBBL-KY2023-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32341037).
文摘Wheat(Triticum aestivum)faces significant threats from diseases such as powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis)and Fusarium head blight(FHB;caused by Fusarium graminearum),which cause severe yield losses.Moreover,the antagonism between yield-related traits and disease resistance makes yield resistance coordination a major challenge in wheat breeding.The lack of genetic resources combining both disease resistance and high yield constrains the elucidation of underlying resistance-yield trade-off mechanisms,thereby hindering the development of high-yield and disease-resistant wheat cultivars.Remarkably,Yangmai 33(YM33),a notable wheat cultivar with resistance to both powdery mildew and FHB as well as high-yield performance,was recently developed.It offers a unique opportunity to dissect the genomic architecture underlying the coordination between disease resistance and yield.
基金supported by Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada(RGPIN-2017-06737)Canada Research Chairs program,the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0601005,2022YFD0904201)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51203075)the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.CSC202208320361).
文摘With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronics,the demand for stretchable energy storage devices has surged.In this work,a novel gradient-layered architecture was design based on single-pore hollow lignin nanospheres(HLNPs)-intercalated two-dimensional transition metal carbide(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene)for fabricating highly stretchable and durable supercapacitors.By depositing and inserting HLNPs in the MXene layers with a bottom-up decreasing gradient,a multilayered porous MXene structure with smooth ion channels was constructed by reducing the overstacking of MXene lamella.Moreover,the micro-chamber architecture of thin-walled lignin nanospheres effectively extended the contact area between lignin and MXene to improve ion and electron accessibility,thus better utilizing the pseudocapacitive property of lignin.All these strategies effectively enhanced the capacitive performance of the electrodes.In addition,HLNPs,which acted as a protective phase for MXene layer,enhanced mechanical properties of the wrinkled stretchable electrodes by releasing stress through slip and deformation during the stretch-release cycling and greatly improved the structural integrity and capacitive stability of the electrodes.Flexible electrodes and symmetric flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors capable of enduring 600%uniaxial tensile strain were developed with high specific capacitances of 1273 mF cm^(−2)(241 F g^(−1))and 514 mF cm^(−2)(95 F g^(−1)),respectively.Moreover,their capacitances were well preserved after 1000 times of 600%stretch-release cycling.This study showcased new possibilities of incorporating biobased lignin nanospheres in energy storage devices to fabricate stretchable devices leveraging synergies among various two-dimensional nanomaterials.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2303302,2022YFD2300803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160445)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02-16).
文摘High-density planting increases maize yield but also canopy crowding and stalk lodging.Aiming this contradiction,a wavy canopy was created using interlaced chemical application(IC)of a plant growth retardant at the V14 stage with three densities(60,000,75,000,and 90,000 plants ha-1,indicated by D1,D2,and D3,respectively)for two seasons.The results showed that the IC-treated wavy canopy featuring both natural height(IC-H)and dwarfed(IC-L)plants,improved light transmission by 8.54%,8.49%,and 16.49%on average than the corresponding controls(CK)at D1,D2,and D3,respectively.The alleviation of canopy crowding stimulated leaf photosynthesis,sugar availability,basal-internode strength,and decreased plant lodging ratios in both IC-H and IC-L,particularly under higher densities.Meanwhile,the IC populations produced significantly higher yield than CK,with an average increase of 3.38%,16.70%,and 15.28%at D1,D2,and D3,respectively.Collectively,this study proposed a new wavy canopy strategy using plant growth retardant to simultaneously increase yield performance and lodging resistance,thus offering a sustainable solution for further development of high-density maize production.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272004,62272041)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YWF-22-L-1256)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3402600)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(No.1870011182126)。
文摘The proliferation of wearable biodevices has boosted the development of soft,innovative,and multifunctional materials for human health monitoring.The integration of wearable sensors with intelligent systems is an overwhelming tendency,providing powerful tools for remote health monitoring and personal health management.Among many candidates,two-dimensional(2D)materials stand out due to several exotic mechanical,electrical,optical,and chemical properties that can be efficiently integrated into atomic-thin films.While previous reviews on 2D materials for biodevices primarily focus on conventional configurations and materials like graphene,the rapid development of new 2D materials with exotic properties has opened up novel applications,particularly in smart interaction and integrated functionalities.This review aims to consolidate recent progress,highlight the unique advantages of 2D materials,and guide future research by discussing existing challenges and opportunities in applying 2D materials for smart wearable biodevices.We begin with an in-depth analysis of the advantages,sensing mechanisms,and potential applications of 2D materials in wearable biodevice fabrication.Following this,we systematically discuss state-of-the-art biodevices based on 2D materials for monitoring various physiological signals within the human body.Special attention is given to showcasing the integration of multi-functionality in 2D smart devices,mainly including self-power supply,integrated diagnosis/treatment,and human–machine interaction.Finally,the review concludes with a concise summary of existing challenges and prospective solutions concerning the utilization of2D materials for advanced biodevices.
文摘Modern aircraft tend to use fuel thermal management systems to cool onboard heat sources.However,the design of heat transfer architectures for fuel thermal management systems relies on the experience of the engineers and lacks theoretical guidance.This paper proposes a concise graph representation method based on graph theory for fuel thermal management systems,which can represent all possible connections between subsystems.A generalized optimization algorithm is proposed for fuel thermal management system architecture to minimize the heat sink.This algorithm can autonomously arrange subsystems with heat production differences and efficiently utilize the architecture of the fuel heat sink.At the same time,two evaluation indices are proposed from the perspective of subsystems.These indices intuitively and clearly show that the reason for the high efficiency of heat sink utilization is the balanced and moderate cooling of each subsystem and verify the rationality of the architecture optimization method.A set of simulations are also conducted,which demonstrate that the fuel tank temperature has no effect on the performance of the architecture.This paper provides a reference for the architectural design of aircraft fuel thermal management systems.The metrics used in this paper can also be utilized to evaluate the existing architecture.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05001)CNPC Technology Project(2023YQX20111).
文摘To address the discrepancies between well and seismic data in stratigraphic correlation of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin,NW China,traditional stratigraphic classification schemes,the latest 3D seismic and drilling data,and reservoir sections are thoroughly investigated.Guided by the theory of sequence stratigraphy,the progradational sequence stratigraphic framework of the Yanchang Formation is systematically constructed to elucidate new deposition mechanisms in the depressed lacustrine basin,and it has been successfully applied to the exploration and development practices in the Qingcheng Oilfield.Key findings are obtained in three aspects.First,the seismic progradational reflections,marker tuff beds,and condensed sections of flooding surfaces in the Yanchang Formation are consistent and isochronous.Using flooding surface markers as a reference,a progradational sequence stratigraphic architecture is reconstructed for the middle-upper part of Yanchang Formation,and divided into seven clinoform units(CF1-CF7).Second,progradation predominantly occurs in semi-deep to deep lake environments,with the depositional center not always coinciding with the thickest strata.The lacustrine basin underwent an evolution of“oscillatory regression-progradational infilling-multi-phase superimposition”.Third,the case study of Qingcheng Oilfield reveals that the major pay zones consist of“isochronous but heterochronous”gravity-flow sandstone complexes.Guided by the progradational sequence stratigraphic architecture,horizontal well oil-layer penetration rates remain above 82%.The progradational sequence stratigraphic architecture and associated geological insights are more consistent with the sedimentary infilling mechanisms of large-scale continental depressed lacustrine basins and actual drilling results.The research results provide crucial theoretical and technical support for subsequent refined exploration and development of the Yanchang Formation,and are expected to offer a reference for research and production practice in similar continental lacustrine basins.
文摘A functional interlayer based on two-dimensional(2D)porous modified vermiculite nanosheets(PVS)was obtained by acid-etching vermiculite nanosheets.The as-obtained 2D porous nanosheets exhibited a high specific surface area of 427 m^(2)·g^(-1)and rich surface active sites,which help restrain polysulfides(LiPSs)through good physi-cal and chemical adsorption,while simultaneously accelerating the nucleation and dissolution kinetics of Li_(2)S,effec-tively suppressing the shuttle effect.The assembled lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)employing the PVS-based inter-layer delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1386 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1C(167.5 mAh·g^(-1)),long-term cycling stabil-ity,and good rate property.
基金supported by the Shihezi University High-Level Talents Research Startup Project(Project No.RCZK202521)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12271066,11871121,12171405)+1 种基金the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund for Innovation and Development Project(Project No.CSTB2024NSCQLZX0085)the Chongqing Normal University Foundation(Grant No.23XLB018).
文摘This paper investigates ruin,capital injection,and dividends for a two-dimensional risk model.The model posits that surplus levels of insurance companies are governed by a perturbed composite Poisson risk model.This model introduces a dependence between the two surplus levels,present in both the associated perturbations and the claims resulting from common shocks.Critical levels of capital injection and dividends are established for each of the two risks.The surplus levels are observed discretely at fixed intervals,guiding decisions on capital injection,dividends,and ruin at these junctures.This study employs a two-dimensional Fourier cosine series expansion method to approximate the finite time expected discounted operating cost until ruin.The ensuing approximation error is also quantified.The validity and accuracy of the method are corroborated through numerical examples.Furthermore,the research delves into the optimal capital allocation problem.
文摘It’s possible for malicious operators to seize hold of electrical control systems, for instance, the engine control unit of driverless vehicles, from various vectors, e.g. autonomic control system, remote vehicle access, or human drivers. To mitigate potential risks, this paper provides the inauguration study by proposing a theoretical framework in the physical, human and cyber triad. Its goal is to, at each time point, detect adversary control behaviors and protect control systems against malicious operations via integrating a variety of methods. This paper only proposes a theoretical framework which tries to indicate possible threats. With the support of the framework, the security system can lightly reduce the risk. The development and implementation of the system are out of scope.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2232037 and 2242035)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22005012,22105012 and 51803183)+1 种基金Chunhui Plan Cooperative Project of Ministry of Education(No.202201298)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.2023M733520).
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with high energy density and capacity have garnered significant research attention among various energy storage devices.However,the shuttle effect of polysulfides(LiPSs)remains a major challenge for their practical application.The design of battery separators has become a key aspect in addressing the challenge.MXenes,a promising two-dimensional(2D)material,offer exceptional conductivity,large surface area,high mechanical strength,and active sites for surface reactions.When assembled into layered films,MXenes form highly tunable two-dimensional channels ranging from a few angstroms to over 1 nm.These nanoconfined channels are instrumental in facilitating lithium-ion transport while effectively impeding the shuttle effect of LiPSs,which are essential for improving the specific capacity and cyclic stability of Li-S batteries.Substantial progress has been made in developing MXenes-based separators for Li-S batteries,yet there remains a research gap in summarizing advancements from the perspective of interlayer engineering.This entails maintaining the 2D nanochannels of layered MXenes-based separators while modulating the physicochemical environment within the MXenes interlayers through targeted modifications.This review highlights advancements in in situ modification of MXenes and their integration with 0D,1D,and 2D materials to construct laminated nanocomposite separators for Li-S batteries.The future development directions of MXenes-based materials in Li-S energy storage devices are also outlined,to drive further advancements in MXenes for Li-S battery separators.
文摘Not always climate and cultural contexts are discussed at the forefront of architectural discussions on traditional or vernacular architecture,nevertheless,the construction material also plays a significant part in defining places’architectural languages.Building from the local materials is an essential ingredient of the local distinctiveness,whilst forming the architectural grand gesture in its context.In Siwa oasis,salt architecture has formed that architectural grand gesture.The vernacular vocabularies adopted by old Bedouins using salt bricks generated Siwa’s unique spirit.In this paper,some examples are illustrated based on a series of site visits to three main sites in Siwa,namely:Old Shali,Abu Shuruf,and Aghourmy.This shows the evolution of Siwa’s vernacular architecture and the role of the architectural language or detrimental effect on the overall quality of architecture.From the site visits,it was observed that building with the traditional technique is now becoming abandoned in Siwa,explained by the local builders to be due to the huge costs required;forcing them to shifting to modern architecture.The influx to building using modern techniques has led to a significant transformation in the urban morphology and spirit of Siwa.Herein lies the scope of this paper:to discuss the impact of the evolution of vernacular architecture on the overall quality of architecture in Siwa and thus identifying the problems which will lead to policy formulation and guidelines for the redevelopment of Siwa in order to“revitalize/resuscitate”its vernacular style accordingly.
基金Supported by the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program(101120727-PRIMI).
文摘This paper adopts the Global Workspace Theory as a neuro-scientifically plausible theory for developing conscious cognitive architecture.The Global Workspace Theory’s compatibility with the working mechanisms underneath human brains is enhanced by the implementation of different cognitive features based on this framework.Amongst the topics in the literature for intelligent systems,we start with attention,memory and learning mechanisms,and corresponding experiments are summarized here.We also discuss how other topics of cognitive robotics could be developed based on these three basic components,and their correlations.This provides a foundation for future long-term development of cognitive architectures of cognitive robots.The research in this paper follows the incremental research pathway for the architecture implementation,which is consistent with the Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architecture roadmap.
