In the seismic safety evaluation (SSE) for key projects, the probability-consistent spectrum (PCS), usually obtained from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), is not consistent with the design response spectr...In the seismic safety evaluation (SSE) for key projects, the probability-consistent spectrum (PCS), usually obtained from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), is not consistent with the design response spectrum given by Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB50011-2001). Sometimes, there may be a remarkable difference be-tween them. If the PCS is lower than the corresponding code design response spectrum (CDS), the seismic fortifi-cation criterion for the key projects would be lower than that for the general industry and civil buildings. In the paper, the relation between PCS and CDS is discussed by using the ideal simple potential seismic source. The re-sults show that in the most areas influenced mainly by the potential sources of the epicentral earthquakes and the regional earthquakes, PCS is generally lower than CDS in the long periods. We point out that the long-period re-sponse spectra of the code should be further studied and combined with the probability method of seismic zoning as much as possible. Because of the uncertainties in SSE, it should be prudent to use the long-period response spectra given by SSE for key projects when they are lower than CDS.展开更多
Complement component(3b/4b)receptor 1(CR1)expression is positively related to the abundance of phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau(tau),and CR1 expression is associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer’...Complement component(3b/4b)receptor 1(CR1)expression is positively related to the abundance of phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau(tau),and CR1 expression is associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease.However,the exact role of CR1 in tau protein-associated neurodegenerative diseases is unknown.In this study,we show that the mouse Cr1-related protein Y(Crry)gene,Crry,is localized to microglia.We also found that Crry protein expression in the hippocampus and cortex was significantly elevated in P301S mice(a mouse model widely used for investigating tau pathology)compared with that in wild-type mice.Tau protein phosphorylation(at serine 202,threonine 205,threonine 231,and serine 262)and expression of the major tau kinases glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 were greater in P301S mice than in wild-type mice.Crry silencing by lentivirus-transfected short hairpin RNA led to greatly reduced tau phosphorylation and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 activity.Crry silencing reduced neuronal apoptosis and rescued cognitive impairment of P301S mice.Crry silencing also reduced the levels of the neuroinflammatory factors interleukin-1 beta,tumor necrosis factor alpha,and interleukin-6 and the complement components complement 3 and complement component 3b.Our results suggest that Crry silencing in the P301S mouse model reduces tau protein phosphorylation by reducing the levels of neuroinflammation and complement components,thereby improving cognitive function.展开更多
The Galileo E1 open service （OS） and the global positioning system （GPS） L1C are intending to use the multiplexed binary offset carrier （MBOC） modulation in E1/L1 band, including both pilot and data components. ...The Galileo E1 open service （OS） and the global positioning system （GPS） L1C are intending to use the multiplexed binary offset carrier （MBOC） modulation in E1/L1 band, including both pilot and data components. The impact of data and pilot codes cross-correlation on the distortion of the discriminator function （i.e., the S-curve） is investigated, when only the pilot （or data） components of MBOC signals are tracked. It is shown that the modulation schemes and the receiver configuration （e.g., the correlator spacing） strongly affect the S-curve bias. In this paper, two methods are proposed to optimize the data/pilot code pairs of Galileo E1 OS and GPS L1C. The optimization goal is to obtain the minimum average S-curve bias when tracking only the pilot components a the specific correlator spacing. Figures of merit, such as S-curve bias, correlation loss and code tracking variance have been adopted for analyzing and comparing the un-optimized and optimized code pairs. Simulation results show that the optimized data/pilot code pairs could significantly mitigate the intra-channel codes cross-correlation, and then improve the code tracking performance of MBOC signals.展开更多
We propose a new design scheme for a Booth encoder based on clocked transmission gate adiabatic logic(CTGAL). In the new design the structural complexity of the Booth encoder is reduced while the speed of the multipli...We propose a new design scheme for a Booth encoder based on clocked transmission gate adiabatic logic(CTGAL). In the new design the structural complexity of the Booth encoder is reduced while the speed of the multiplier is improved. The adiabatic two's complement multiplier-accumulator(MAC) is furthermore a design based on the CTGAL. The computer simulation results indicate that the designed circuit has the correct logic function and remarkably less energy consumption compared to that of the MAC based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) logic.展开更多
A new scheme termed as Complement Block Coding (CBC) technique is proposed to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of OFDM signals. Utilizing the complement bits which are added to the original information bi...A new scheme termed as Complement Block Coding (CBC) technique is proposed to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of OFDM signals. Utilizing the complement bits which are added to the original information bits,this method can effectively reduce the PAPR of OFDM systems with random frame size N and the coding rate R ≤ (N - k)/N, where kis a positive integer and k ≤ N/2. The performance results obtained with CBC are given and compared with that of some well known schemes, such as Simple Block Coding (SBC), Modified Simple Block Coding (MSBC) and Simple Odd Parity Code (SOPC) for the same purpose. The results show that, at the same coding rate 3/4, the CBC can achieve almost the same performance as SBC, MSBC, but with lower complexity, and that the same performance can be obtained with higher coding rate by using CBC. At the same coding rate (N - 1)/N, the PAPR reduction of CBC is almost the twice as that of SOPC when N ≥ 16. Further more, the PAPR reductions with coding rate (N - 1)/N are almost the same as that with coding rate less than (N - 1)/N,so the proposed scheme CBC is more suitable for the large frame size with high coding rate and can provide error detection.展开更多
In Systems Biology, system identification, which infers regulatory network in genetic system and metabolic pathways using experimentally observed time-course data, is one of the hottest issues. The efficient numerical...In Systems Biology, system identification, which infers regulatory network in genetic system and metabolic pathways using experimentally observed time-course data, is one of the hottest issues. The efficient numerical optimization algorithm to estimate more than 100 real-coded parameters should be developed for this purpose. New real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA), the combination of AREX (adaptive real-coded ensemble crossover) with JGG (just generation gap), have applied to the inference of genetic interactions involving more than 100 parameters related to the interactions with using experimentally observed time-course data. Compared with conventional RCGA, the combination of UNDX (unimodal normal distribution crossover) with MGG (minimal generation gap), new algorithm has shown the superiority with improving early convergence in the first stage of search and suppressing evolutionary stagnation in the last stage of search.展开更多
With over 10 million points of genetic variation from person to person, every individual’s genome is unique and provides a highly reliable form of identification. This is because the genetic code is specific to each ...With over 10 million points of genetic variation from person to person, every individual’s genome is unique and provides a highly reliable form of identification. This is because the genetic code is specific to each individual and does not change over time. Genetic information has been used to identify individuals in a variety of contexts, such as criminal investigations, paternity tests, and medical research. In this study, each individual’s genetic makeup has been formatted to create a secure, unique code that incorporates various elements, such as species, gender, and the genetic identification code itself. The combinations of markers required for this code have been derived from common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), points of variation found in the human genome. The final output is in the form of a 24 numerical code with each number having three possible combinations. The custom code can then be utilized to create various modes of identification on the decentralized blockchain network as well as personalized services and products that offer users a novel way to uniquely identify themselves in ways that were not possible before.展开更多
Our findings show that the value of IgG in serum of Alzheimer’s Disease patients is (17.2059 ± 2.6317) g/l and in controls i.e. (17.6720 ± 3.1457) g/l. Values of IgM in AD patients go down up to 62.5% in co...Our findings show that the value of IgG in serum of Alzheimer’s Disease patients is (17.2059 ± 2.6317) g/l and in controls i.e. (17.6720 ± 3.1457) g/l. Values of IgM in AD patients go down up to 62.5% in comparison to healthy subjects. A sudden change was observed in the levels of IgA of AD patients. It has been put on the value 137.9% high in comparison to healthy subjects. The levels of complement C3 have also value of lower side and go down up to 52.66% in AD patients. The value of levels of complement C4 shows no deflection from the control values. On the basis of regression and multiple correlation analysis, we found that the partial correlation coefficients rGA.M, which has value 0.44815 in AD patients and 0.45555 in controls, do not show any resemblance. The multiple partial correlation rAM.G has value 0.3082 in AD patients and 0.3912 in controls slightly better correlated in comparison to healthy controls. Multiple RA.MG has strongly correlation in comparison to controls. RM.AG is also strongly correlated. Regression coefficients and regression equations are basic foundations of correlation measurements and show a specific character of variation. A relation between all the three multiple correlations has been established in the present work and it is given by the following relation RA.MG > RM.AG > RG.AM.展开更多
Nature has developed codon as a tool to manipulate a two-electron spin symmetry (short-living electrons, forming a radical pair, arise from the Mg-bound nucleosidetriphosphate cleavage at the triplet/singlet (T/S) cro...Nature has developed codon as a tool to manipulate a two-electron spin symmetry (short-living electrons, forming a radical pair, arise from the Mg-bound nucleosidetriphosphate cleavage at the triplet/singlet (T/S) crossing), which permits or forbids further nucleotide synthesis (DNA/RNA) and the synthesis of proteins. The thesis is confirmed by conducting DFT:B3LYP (6-311G** basis set) computations (T/S potential energy surfaces) with the model system composed of the template (C-G-C-G-A nucleotide sequence) and the growing chain (G-C-G nucleotide sequence, DNA or RNA). The origin of codon is in hyperfine interaction between a single electron, transferred onto the template, and three 31P nuclei built into the phosphorus fragments of nucleotides. The nuclei, together with the polynucleotide structure, form a spiral twist that is homeomorphic to a triangle patch on the Poincare sphere. Each triangle has unique angle values depending on the nucleotide nature and their position in the codon. The patch tracing produces the Berry phase changing the electron spin orientation from “up” to “down”. The Berry phase accumulation proceeds around the (T/S) conical intersections (CIs). The CIs are a result of complementary recognition between nucleotide bases at distances exceeding the commonly accepted Watson-Crick pairing by 0.17 A. Upon changing spin symmetry, the DNA or RNA chain is allowed to elongate by attaching a newly coming nucleotide. Without complementary recognition between the bases, the chain stops its elongation. The Berry phase accumulation along the patch tracing explains the effect of Crick’s wobbling when the second nucleotide plays a primary role in recognition. The data is directly linked to creation of a quantum computing device.展开更多
Necessary and sufficient conditions for a schur complement of a con-s-k-EP matrix to be con-s-k-EP are determined. Further it is shown that in a con-s-k-EPr matrix, every secondary sub matrix of rank “r” is con-s-k-...Necessary and sufficient conditions for a schur complement of a con-s-k-EP matrix to be con-s-k-EP are determined. Further it is shown that in a con-s-k-EPr matrix, every secondary sub matrix of rank “r” is con-s-k-EPr. We have also discussed the way of expressing a matrix of rank r as a product of con-s-k-EPr matrices. Necessary and sufficient conditions for products of con-s-k-EPr partitioned matrices to be con-s-k-EPr are given.展开更多
Putting the people first in human rights protection is the most distinctive feature of the outlook on human rights in contemporary China. The codification of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China reflects ...Putting the people first in human rights protection is the most distinctive feature of the outlook on human rights in contemporary China. The codification of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China reflects the people’s legislation for themselves, which is guided by the principle of putting the people first in its external system and internal values. Functionally, the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China reflects the obligation of the country to protect human rights, constructs the framework relationship between the country and individual people, and perfects the mechanism for human rights protection. The continuous expansion of the types, contents, and functions of civil rights in the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China is required by the broad scope of human rights, with an aim to realize a happy life for the people, the most important human rights, and protect people’s personal rights, property rights, and right to dignity through specific rules. The universal sharing of human rights requires the universality of the subjects of civil rights. The equal sharing of human rights requires the equality of forms of civil rights protection. Meanwhile, it further requires the substantive equality of civil rights protection. Attention is paid to protecting the rights and interests of specific groups in external and embedded ways.展开更多
The chemistry of sulfur cycle contributes significantly to the atmospheric nucleation process,which is the first step of new particle formation(NPF).In the present study,cycloaddition reaction mechanism of sulfur trio...The chemistry of sulfur cycle contributes significantly to the atmospheric nucleation process,which is the first step of new particle formation(NPF).In the present study,cycloaddition reaction mechanism of sulfur trioxide(SO_(3))to hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)which is a typical air pollutant and toxic gas detrimental to the environment were comprehensively investigate through theoretical calculations and Atmospheric Cluster Dynamic Code simulations.Gas-phase stability and nucleation potential of the product thiosulfuric acid(H_(2)S_(2)O_(3),TSA)were further analyzed to evaluate its atmospheric impact.Without any catalysts,the H_(2)S+SO_(3)reaction is infeasible with a barrier of 24.2 kcal/mol.Atmospheric nucleation precursors formic acid(FA),sulfuric acid(SA),and water(H_(2)O)could effectively lower the reaction barriers as catalysts,even to a barrierless reaction with the efficiency of cis-SA>trans-FA>trans-SA>H_(2)O.Subsequently,the gas-phase stability of TSA was investigated.A hydrolysis reaction barrier of up to 61.4 kcal/mol alone with an endothermic isomerization reaction barrier of 5.1 kcal/mol under the catalytic effect of SA demonstrates the sufficient stability of TSA.Furthermore,topological and kinetic analysis were conducted to determine the nucleation potential of TSA.Atmospheric clusters formed by TSA and atmospheric nucleation precursors(SA,ammonia NH_(3),and dimethylamine DMA)were thermodynamically stable.Moreover,the gradually decreasing evaporation coefficients for TSA-base clusters,particularly for TSA-DMA,suggests that TSA may participate in NPF where the concentration of base molecules are relatively higher.The present new reaction mechanismmay contributes to a better understanding of atmospheric sulfur cycle and NPF.展开更多
基金Shanghai Science & Technology Development Foundation (022512065) and Shanghai Construction Technology Development Foundation (A0206101).
文摘In the seismic safety evaluation (SSE) for key projects, the probability-consistent spectrum (PCS), usually obtained from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), is not consistent with the design response spectrum given by Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB50011-2001). Sometimes, there may be a remarkable difference be-tween them. If the PCS is lower than the corresponding code design response spectrum (CDS), the seismic fortifi-cation criterion for the key projects would be lower than that for the general industry and civil buildings. In the paper, the relation between PCS and CDS is discussed by using the ideal simple potential seismic source. The re-sults show that in the most areas influenced mainly by the potential sources of the epicentral earthquakes and the regional earthquakes, PCS is generally lower than CDS in the long periods. We point out that the long-period re-sponse spectra of the code should be further studied and combined with the probability method of seismic zoning as much as possible. Because of the uncertainties in SSE, it should be prudent to use the long-period response spectra given by SSE for key projects when they are lower than CDS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81801054)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20180166)+2 种基金the Wuxi Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission Fund of China(No.Q201722)Wuxi Top Talent Support Program for Young and Middle-aged People of Wuxi Health Committee of China(No.HB2020023)China Postdoctoral Funding(all to XCZ).
文摘Complement component(3b/4b)receptor 1(CR1)expression is positively related to the abundance of phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau(tau),and CR1 expression is associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease.However,the exact role of CR1 in tau protein-associated neurodegenerative diseases is unknown.In this study,we show that the mouse Cr1-related protein Y(Crry)gene,Crry,is localized to microglia.We also found that Crry protein expression in the hippocampus and cortex was significantly elevated in P301S mice(a mouse model widely used for investigating tau pathology)compared with that in wild-type mice.Tau protein phosphorylation(at serine 202,threonine 205,threonine 231,and serine 262)and expression of the major tau kinases glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 were greater in P301S mice than in wild-type mice.Crry silencing by lentivirus-transfected short hairpin RNA led to greatly reduced tau phosphorylation and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 activity.Crry silencing reduced neuronal apoptosis and rescued cognitive impairment of P301S mice.Crry silencing also reduced the levels of the neuroinflammatory factors interleukin-1 beta,tumor necrosis factor alpha,and interleukin-6 and the complement components complement 3 and complement component 3b.Our results suggest that Crry silencing in the P301S mouse model reduces tau protein phosphorylation by reducing the levels of neuroinflammation and complement components,thereby improving cognitive function.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB731805)
文摘The Galileo E1 open service （OS） and the global positioning system （GPS） L1C are intending to use the multiplexed binary offset carrier （MBOC） modulation in E1/L1 band, including both pilot and data components. The impact of data and pilot codes cross-correlation on the distortion of the discriminator function （i.e., the S-curve） is investigated, when only the pilot （or data） components of MBOC signals are tracked. It is shown that the modulation schemes and the receiver configuration （e.g., the correlator spacing） strongly affect the S-curve bias. In this paper, two methods are proposed to optimize the data/pilot code pairs of Galileo E1 OS and GPS L1C. The optimization goal is to obtain the minimum average S-curve bias when tracking only the pilot components a the specific correlator spacing. Figures of merit, such as S-curve bias, correlation loss and code tracking variance have been adopted for analyzing and comparing the un-optimized and optimized code pairs. Simulation results show that the optimized data/pilot code pairs could significantly mitigate the intra-channel codes cross-correlation, and then improve the code tracking performance of MBOC signals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60776022)the Science and Technology Fund of Zhejiang Province (No. 2008C21166)+3 种基金the Key Scientific Research Fund of the Department of Education of Zhejiang Province (No. 20061666)the Professor Fund (No. JSL2007001)the Scientific Research Fund (No. XK0610030)the K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University, China
文摘We propose a new design scheme for a Booth encoder based on clocked transmission gate adiabatic logic(CTGAL). In the new design the structural complexity of the Booth encoder is reduced while the speed of the multiplier is improved. The adiabatic two's complement multiplier-accumulator(MAC) is furthermore a design based on the CTGAL. The computer simulation results indicate that the designed circuit has the correct logic function and remarkably less energy consumption compared to that of the MAC based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) logic.
基金Supported in part by the National High Technology Research Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2001AA123014)
文摘A new scheme termed as Complement Block Coding (CBC) technique is proposed to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of OFDM signals. Utilizing the complement bits which are added to the original information bits,this method can effectively reduce the PAPR of OFDM systems with random frame size N and the coding rate R ≤ (N - k)/N, where kis a positive integer and k ≤ N/2. The performance results obtained with CBC are given and compared with that of some well known schemes, such as Simple Block Coding (SBC), Modified Simple Block Coding (MSBC) and Simple Odd Parity Code (SOPC) for the same purpose. The results show that, at the same coding rate 3/4, the CBC can achieve almost the same performance as SBC, MSBC, but with lower complexity, and that the same performance can be obtained with higher coding rate by using CBC. At the same coding rate (N - 1)/N, the PAPR reduction of CBC is almost the twice as that of SOPC when N ≥ 16. Further more, the PAPR reductions with coding rate (N - 1)/N are almost the same as that with coding rate less than (N - 1)/N,so the proposed scheme CBC is more suitable for the large frame size with high coding rate and can provide error detection.
文摘In Systems Biology, system identification, which infers regulatory network in genetic system and metabolic pathways using experimentally observed time-course data, is one of the hottest issues. The efficient numerical optimization algorithm to estimate more than 100 real-coded parameters should be developed for this purpose. New real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA), the combination of AREX (adaptive real-coded ensemble crossover) with JGG (just generation gap), have applied to the inference of genetic interactions involving more than 100 parameters related to the interactions with using experimentally observed time-course data. Compared with conventional RCGA, the combination of UNDX (unimodal normal distribution crossover) with MGG (minimal generation gap), new algorithm has shown the superiority with improving early convergence in the first stage of search and suppressing evolutionary stagnation in the last stage of search.
文摘With over 10 million points of genetic variation from person to person, every individual’s genome is unique and provides a highly reliable form of identification. This is because the genetic code is specific to each individual and does not change over time. Genetic information has been used to identify individuals in a variety of contexts, such as criminal investigations, paternity tests, and medical research. In this study, each individual’s genetic makeup has been formatted to create a secure, unique code that incorporates various elements, such as species, gender, and the genetic identification code itself. The combinations of markers required for this code have been derived from common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), points of variation found in the human genome. The final output is in the form of a 24 numerical code with each number having three possible combinations. The custom code can then be utilized to create various modes of identification on the decentralized blockchain network as well as personalized services and products that offer users a novel way to uniquely identify themselves in ways that were not possible before.
文摘Our findings show that the value of IgG in serum of Alzheimer’s Disease patients is (17.2059 ± 2.6317) g/l and in controls i.e. (17.6720 ± 3.1457) g/l. Values of IgM in AD patients go down up to 62.5% in comparison to healthy subjects. A sudden change was observed in the levels of IgA of AD patients. It has been put on the value 137.9% high in comparison to healthy subjects. The levels of complement C3 have also value of lower side and go down up to 52.66% in AD patients. The value of levels of complement C4 shows no deflection from the control values. On the basis of regression and multiple correlation analysis, we found that the partial correlation coefficients rGA.M, which has value 0.44815 in AD patients and 0.45555 in controls, do not show any resemblance. The multiple partial correlation rAM.G has value 0.3082 in AD patients and 0.3912 in controls slightly better correlated in comparison to healthy controls. Multiple RA.MG has strongly correlation in comparison to controls. RM.AG is also strongly correlated. Regression coefficients and regression equations are basic foundations of correlation measurements and show a specific character of variation. A relation between all the three multiple correlations has been established in the present work and it is given by the following relation RA.MG > RM.AG > RG.AM.
文摘Nature has developed codon as a tool to manipulate a two-electron spin symmetry (short-living electrons, forming a radical pair, arise from the Mg-bound nucleosidetriphosphate cleavage at the triplet/singlet (T/S) crossing), which permits or forbids further nucleotide synthesis (DNA/RNA) and the synthesis of proteins. The thesis is confirmed by conducting DFT:B3LYP (6-311G** basis set) computations (T/S potential energy surfaces) with the model system composed of the template (C-G-C-G-A nucleotide sequence) and the growing chain (G-C-G nucleotide sequence, DNA or RNA). The origin of codon is in hyperfine interaction between a single electron, transferred onto the template, and three 31P nuclei built into the phosphorus fragments of nucleotides. The nuclei, together with the polynucleotide structure, form a spiral twist that is homeomorphic to a triangle patch on the Poincare sphere. Each triangle has unique angle values depending on the nucleotide nature and their position in the codon. The patch tracing produces the Berry phase changing the electron spin orientation from “up” to “down”. The Berry phase accumulation proceeds around the (T/S) conical intersections (CIs). The CIs are a result of complementary recognition between nucleotide bases at distances exceeding the commonly accepted Watson-Crick pairing by 0.17 A. Upon changing spin symmetry, the DNA or RNA chain is allowed to elongate by attaching a newly coming nucleotide. Without complementary recognition between the bases, the chain stops its elongation. The Berry phase accumulation along the patch tracing explains the effect of Crick’s wobbling when the second nucleotide plays a primary role in recognition. The data is directly linked to creation of a quantum computing device.
文摘Necessary and sufficient conditions for a schur complement of a con-s-k-EP matrix to be con-s-k-EP are determined. Further it is shown that in a con-s-k-EPr matrix, every secondary sub matrix of rank “r” is con-s-k-EPr. We have also discussed the way of expressing a matrix of rank r as a product of con-s-k-EPr matrices. Necessary and sufficient conditions for products of con-s-k-EPr partitioned matrices to be con-s-k-EPr are given.
基金accomplishment under the Scientific Research Fund Program of Renmin University of China (Project Approval No. 22XNQT12)。
文摘Putting the people first in human rights protection is the most distinctive feature of the outlook on human rights in contemporary China. The codification of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China reflects the people’s legislation for themselves, which is guided by the principle of putting the people first in its external system and internal values. Functionally, the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China reflects the obligation of the country to protect human rights, constructs the framework relationship between the country and individual people, and perfects the mechanism for human rights protection. The continuous expansion of the types, contents, and functions of civil rights in the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China is required by the broad scope of human rights, with an aim to realize a happy life for the people, the most important human rights, and protect people’s personal rights, property rights, and right to dignity through specific rules. The universal sharing of human rights requires the universality of the subjects of civil rights. The equal sharing of human rights requires the equality of forms of civil rights protection. Meanwhile, it further requires the substantive equality of civil rights protection. Attention is paid to protecting the rights and interests of specific groups in external and embedded ways.
基金supported by the Budget Surplus of Central Financial Science and Technology Plan (No.2021-JY-14)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2020M680636)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes of China,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (Nos.2022YSKY-21 and 2022YSKY-27)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41375133)the Science Foundation of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (No.JY-41375133)Tian He Qingsuo Project-special fund project.
文摘The chemistry of sulfur cycle contributes significantly to the atmospheric nucleation process,which is the first step of new particle formation(NPF).In the present study,cycloaddition reaction mechanism of sulfur trioxide(SO_(3))to hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)which is a typical air pollutant and toxic gas detrimental to the environment were comprehensively investigate through theoretical calculations and Atmospheric Cluster Dynamic Code simulations.Gas-phase stability and nucleation potential of the product thiosulfuric acid(H_(2)S_(2)O_(3),TSA)were further analyzed to evaluate its atmospheric impact.Without any catalysts,the H_(2)S+SO_(3)reaction is infeasible with a barrier of 24.2 kcal/mol.Atmospheric nucleation precursors formic acid(FA),sulfuric acid(SA),and water(H_(2)O)could effectively lower the reaction barriers as catalysts,even to a barrierless reaction with the efficiency of cis-SA>trans-FA>trans-SA>H_(2)O.Subsequently,the gas-phase stability of TSA was investigated.A hydrolysis reaction barrier of up to 61.4 kcal/mol alone with an endothermic isomerization reaction barrier of 5.1 kcal/mol under the catalytic effect of SA demonstrates the sufficient stability of TSA.Furthermore,topological and kinetic analysis were conducted to determine the nucleation potential of TSA.Atmospheric clusters formed by TSA and atmospheric nucleation precursors(SA,ammonia NH_(3),and dimethylamine DMA)were thermodynamically stable.Moreover,the gradually decreasing evaporation coefficients for TSA-base clusters,particularly for TSA-DMA,suggests that TSA may participate in NPF where the concentration of base molecules are relatively higher.The present new reaction mechanismmay contributes to a better understanding of atmospheric sulfur cycle and NPF.
