Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and a significant threat to the health of patients, especially those from China and Japan. The prognosis for patients with late stage GC receiving the ...Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and a significant threat to the health of patients, especially those from China and Japan. The prognosis for patients with late stage GC receiving the standard of care treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, remains poor. Developing novel treatment strategies, identifying new molecules for targeted therapy, and devising screening techniques to detect this cancer in its early stages are needed for GC patients. The discovery of non-coding RNAs(nc RNAs), primarily micro RNAs(mi RNAs) and long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs), helped to elucidate the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, diagnosis and treatment of GC. Recently, significant research has been conducted on non-coding RNAs and how the regulatory dysfunction of these RNAs impacts the tumorigenesis of GC. In this study, we review papers published in the last five years concerning the dysregulation of noncoding RNAs, especially mi RNAs and lnc RNAs, in GC. We summarize instances of aberrant expression of the ncR NAs in GC and their effect on survival-related events, including cell cycle regulation, AKT signaling, apoptosis and drug resistance. Additionally, we evaluate how nc RNA dysregulation affects the metastatic process, including the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem cells, transcription factor activity, and oncogene and tumor suppressor expression. Lastly, we determine how ncR NAs affect angiogenesis in the microenvironment of GC. We further discuss the use of ncR NAs as potential biomarkers for use in clinical screening, early diagnosis and prognosis of GC. At present, no ideal ncR NAs have been identified as targets for the treatment of GC.展开更多
To the Editor:Ovarian cancer(OC)is the third cause of death among women globally.[1]Approximately 90%of OC cases are derived from epithelial cells,and these tumors have distinct epidemiological,molecular,and clinical ...To the Editor:Ovarian cancer(OC)is the third cause of death among women globally.[1]Approximately 90%of OC cases are derived from epithelial cells,and these tumors have distinct epidemiological,molecular,and clinical characteristics.[2]High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC)is the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC)and has been widely investigated.[3]Ovarian carcinosarcoma(OCS),also known as malignant mixed mesodermal tumor,is a rare and aggressive tumor that typically develops in the female genital tract.[4]Histologically,OCS is considered a high-grade lesion that harbors both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components.[5]Although OCS accounts for only 1–4%of EOC cases,it presents the worst prognosis among all EOC subtypes,[6,7]with a median survival time(MST)of less than 18 months.[5]Due to its rarity,ovarian OCS is challenging to study through prospective trials,resulting in a limited understanding of the disease.Despite this,no targeted treatment strategies are specifically developed for OCS.展开更多
Pulmonary tumor embolisms due to renal cell carcinoma are common. In contrast, intra-operative puhnonary artery embolisms due to the release of large tumor fragments during surgery for retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma h...Pulmonary tumor embolisms due to renal cell carcinoma are common. In contrast, intra-operative puhnonary artery embolisms due to the release of large tumor fragments during surgery for retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma have not been reported. When a massive tumor embolus does occur, a patient＇s survival depends on prompt surgical intervention.2 In this report, a patient experienced a pulmonary tumor embolism during resection of a retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma, and the condition was successfully treated. However, for the hemodynamic collapse that occurred, a puhnonary arteriography was followed by an emergency puhnonary embolectomy with cardiopulmonary bypass.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31571443(to QY)Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department,No.20140414031GH and No.20150101121JC(to QY)+1 种基金Health and Family Planning Commission of Jilin Province,No.2014Z068(to QY)Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University,No.2014031(to RWZ)
文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and a significant threat to the health of patients, especially those from China and Japan. The prognosis for patients with late stage GC receiving the standard of care treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, remains poor. Developing novel treatment strategies, identifying new molecules for targeted therapy, and devising screening techniques to detect this cancer in its early stages are needed for GC patients. The discovery of non-coding RNAs(nc RNAs), primarily micro RNAs(mi RNAs) and long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs), helped to elucidate the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, diagnosis and treatment of GC. Recently, significant research has been conducted on non-coding RNAs and how the regulatory dysfunction of these RNAs impacts the tumorigenesis of GC. In this study, we review papers published in the last five years concerning the dysregulation of noncoding RNAs, especially mi RNAs and lnc RNAs, in GC. We summarize instances of aberrant expression of the ncR NAs in GC and their effect on survival-related events, including cell cycle regulation, AKT signaling, apoptosis and drug resistance. Additionally, we evaluate how nc RNA dysregulation affects the metastatic process, including the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem cells, transcription factor activity, and oncogene and tumor suppressor expression. Lastly, we determine how ncR NAs affect angiogenesis in the microenvironment of GC. We further discuss the use of ncR NAs as potential biomarkers for use in clinical screening, early diagnosis and prognosis of GC. At present, no ideal ncR NAs have been identified as targets for the treatment of GC.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81702569)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20221183)+3 种基金the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20211533)the Jiangsu Maternal and Child Health Research Association(No.FYX202344)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX23_1969)the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(No.YKK23156).
文摘To the Editor:Ovarian cancer(OC)is the third cause of death among women globally.[1]Approximately 90%of OC cases are derived from epithelial cells,and these tumors have distinct epidemiological,molecular,and clinical characteristics.[2]High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC)is the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC)and has been widely investigated.[3]Ovarian carcinosarcoma(OCS),also known as malignant mixed mesodermal tumor,is a rare and aggressive tumor that typically develops in the female genital tract.[4]Histologically,OCS is considered a high-grade lesion that harbors both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components.[5]Although OCS accounts for only 1–4%of EOC cases,it presents the worst prognosis among all EOC subtypes,[6,7]with a median survival time(MST)of less than 18 months.[5]Due to its rarity,ovarian OCS is challenging to study through prospective trials,resulting in a limited understanding of the disease.Despite this,no targeted treatment strategies are specifically developed for OCS.
文摘Pulmonary tumor embolisms due to renal cell carcinoma are common. In contrast, intra-operative puhnonary artery embolisms due to the release of large tumor fragments during surgery for retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma have not been reported. When a massive tumor embolus does occur, a patient＇s survival depends on prompt surgical intervention.2 In this report, a patient experienced a pulmonary tumor embolism during resection of a retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma, and the condition was successfully treated. However, for the hemodynamic collapse that occurred, a puhnonary arteriography was followed by an emergency puhnonary embolectomy with cardiopulmonary bypass.
