The olfactory bulb(OB)is the first relay station in the olfactory system and functions as a crucial hub.It can represent odor information precisely and accurately in an ever-changing environment.As the only output neu...The olfactory bulb(OB)is the first relay station in the olfactory system and functions as a crucial hub.It can represent odor information precisely and accurately in an ever-changing environment.As the only output neurons in the OB,mitral/tufted cells encode information such as odor identity and concentration.Recently,the neural strategies and mechanisms underlying odor representation and encoding in the OB have been investigated extensively.Here we review the main progress on this topic.We first review the neurons and circuits involved in odor representation,including the different cell types in the OB and the neural circuits within and beyond the OB.We will then discuss how two different coding strategies—spatial coding and temporal coding—work in the rodent OB.Finally,we discuss potential future directions for this research topic.Overall,this review provides a comprehensive description of our current understanding of how odor information is represented and encoded by mitral/tufted cells in the OB.展开更多
BACKGROUND Congenital tufting enteropathy(CTE)is a rare cause of diarrhea in children.However,it can result in early-onset of chronic diarrhea and failure to thrive.Children with this disease have to depend on total p...BACKGROUND Congenital tufting enteropathy(CTE)is a rare cause of diarrhea in children.However,it can result in early-onset of chronic diarrhea and failure to thrive.Children with this disease have to depend on total parenteral nutrition(TPN),and eventually small intestine transplantation.The epithelial cell adhesion molecule(EPCAM)gene was identified to be associated with CTE.Here,we present a case of an infant with CTE due to a mutation not reported in the literature before.CASE SUMMARY A 1-year and 7-mo infant boy exhibited intractable watery diarrhea and mushy stool within 1 wk after birth,for which he had required medical treatment and hospitalization several times.His sister presented similar symptoms and died at the age of two.On admission,his body weight was 5700 g(-4.8 SDS)and measured 66 cm(-5.4 SDS)in height.Meanwhile,he cannot speak or climb.He exhibited mild anemia,hypocalcemia,hypomagnesemia,and an infection in the upper respiratory tract.Microvilli sparse and vacuolar degeneration of epithelial cells were reported by small intestine biopsy.Whole-exome sequencing showed a novel homozygous splice mutation(c.657+1[IVS6]G>A)in the EPCAM gene.He was treated with TPN and recombinant human growth hormone.After 2 mo,his body weight was up to 8500 g and he has been waiting for small bowel transplantation.CONCLUSION CTE is rare but fatal.Patients with CTE require rapid diagnosis and therapy to improve their survival.展开更多
After a review of the tufting industry’s development, and a brief introduction to available systems for producing patterned tufted carpets, the principle of ICN (Individually Controlled Needle) and the related advanc...After a review of the tufting industry’s development, and a brief introduction to available systems for producing patterned tufted carpets, the principle of ICN (Individually Controlled Needle) and the related advanced tufting technology Col-ortec are presented. Finally, Colortec machine, Axminster weaving machine, and Wilton loom are compared. It is believed that the Cobble Colortec machine is a significant jump forward in the tufted carpets industry as it now allows access to all major carpet markets in a competitive fashion.展开更多
The dynamic performance of the coupling shaft system in a carpet tufting machine is the most critical factor affecting the carpet tufting machine's efficiency,and the product quality of the tufted carpet. To deter...The dynamic performance of the coupling shaft system in a carpet tufting machine is the most critical factor affecting the carpet tufting machine's efficiency,and the product quality of the tufted carpet. To determine how to avoid resonance produced by the coupling shaft system's vibration during the weaving process,the dynamic performance of a coupling shaft system in a carpet tufting machine was analyzed. Focusing on a DHGN801D-400 carpet tufting machine,a dynamic model of coupling shaft system was established by utilizing transfer matrix methodology. On the basis of this model,the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the coupling shaft system were obtained through simulations. The correctness of the theoretical model and the dynamic performance of the coupling shaft system were validated by experiments. The first order natural frequency of the coupling shaft system was close to 600 r / min. A conclusion can thus be drawn that operating the carpet tufting machine near this speed should be avoided as much as possible.展开更多
In order to achieve high speed of tufting machine,the oval gear is used as the transmission mechanism between the main shaft and the slave shaft. And then,mathematical model of tufting machine spindle system is establ...In order to achieve high speed of tufting machine,the oval gear is used as the transmission mechanism between the main shaft and the slave shaft. And then,mathematical model of tufting machine spindle system is established by transfer matrix method.Finally,the dynamic reaction force of the connection and the unbalanced response of the joint between the general tufting machine and the improved spindle system are studied by using Matlab numerical simulation. The analysis results showthat when the spindle speed reaches 1 000 r/min, the dynamic reaction force of the improved spindle system at the joint is far less than that of the general tufting machine,and the unbalanced response is reduced from 0. 22 mm to 0. 10 mm.展开更多
Fiber photometry is a recently-developed method that indirectly measures neural activity by monitoring Ca^(2+)signals in genetically-identified neuronal populations.Although fiber photometry is widely used in neurosci...Fiber photometry is a recently-developed method that indirectly measures neural activity by monitoring Ca^(2+)signals in genetically-identified neuronal populations.Although fiber photometry is widely used in neuroscience research,the relationship between the recorded Ca^(2+)signals and direct electrophysiological measurements of neural activity remains elusive.Here,we simultaneously recorded odor-evoked Ca^(2+)and electrophysiological signals[single-unit spikes and local field potentials(LFPs)]from mitral/tufted cells in the olfactory bulb of awake,head-fixed mice.Odors evoked responses in all types of signal but the response characteristics(e.g.,type of response and time course)differed.The Ca^(2+)signal was correlated most closely with power in theβ-band of the LFP.The Ca^(2+)signal performed slightly better at odor classification than high-γoscillations,worse than single-unit spikes,and similarly toβoscillations.These results provide new information to help researchers select an appropriate method for monitoring neural activity under specific conditions.展开更多
In view of the lack of research on the information model of tufting carpet machine in China,an information modeling method based on Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control Unified Architecture(OPC UA)framewor...In view of the lack of research on the information model of tufting carpet machine in China,an information modeling method based on Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control Unified Architecture(OPC UA)framework was proposed to solve the problem of“information island”caused by the differentiated data interface between heterogeneous equipment and system in tufting carpet machine workshop.This paper established an information model of tufting carpet machine based on analyzing the system architecture,workshop equipment composition and information flow of the workshop,combined with the OPC UA information modeling specification.Subsequently,the OPC UA protocol is used to instantiate and map the information model,and the OPC UA server is developed.Finally,the practicability of tufting carpet machine information model under the OPC UA framework and the feasibility of realizing the information interconnection of heterogeneous devices in the tufting carpet machine digital workshop are verified.On this basis,the cloud and remote access to the underlying device data are realized.The application of this information model and information integration scheme in actual production explores and practices the application of OPC UA technology in the digital workshop of tufting carpet machine.展开更多
Based on the control requirements of artificial grass tufting machine,an overall plan is proposed on control of CANopen bus.In the control system,on the basis of CoDeSys soft PLC technology of fieldbus control system,...Based on the control requirements of artificial grass tufting machine,an overall plan is proposed on control of CANopen bus.In the control system,on the basis of CoDeSys soft PLC technology of fieldbus control system,LMC20 realizes the communication by making CANopen bus connect with ATV71,OTB module and these underlying slave stations.The humanized operation interface is realized by touch screens and user-friendly application which is developed through CoDeSys,and detailed analysis of the monitor system and the principle and method of monitor system are also provided in the paper.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32271055 and 32070995)the Jiangsu Province Innovative and Entrepreneurial Team Program,and the Guangdong Medical University(No.GDMUB2022048),China.
文摘The olfactory bulb(OB)is the first relay station in the olfactory system and functions as a crucial hub.It can represent odor information precisely and accurately in an ever-changing environment.As the only output neurons in the OB,mitral/tufted cells encode information such as odor identity and concentration.Recently,the neural strategies and mechanisms underlying odor representation and encoding in the OB have been investigated extensively.Here we review the main progress on this topic.We first review the neurons and circuits involved in odor representation,including the different cell types in the OB and the neural circuits within and beyond the OB.We will then discuss how two different coding strategies—spatial coding and temporal coding—work in the rodent OB.Finally,we discuss potential future directions for this research topic.Overall,this review provides a comprehensive description of our current understanding of how odor information is represented and encoded by mitral/tufted cells in the OB.
基金Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China,No.2020C03121。
文摘BACKGROUND Congenital tufting enteropathy(CTE)is a rare cause of diarrhea in children.However,it can result in early-onset of chronic diarrhea and failure to thrive.Children with this disease have to depend on total parenteral nutrition(TPN),and eventually small intestine transplantation.The epithelial cell adhesion molecule(EPCAM)gene was identified to be associated with CTE.Here,we present a case of an infant with CTE due to a mutation not reported in the literature before.CASE SUMMARY A 1-year and 7-mo infant boy exhibited intractable watery diarrhea and mushy stool within 1 wk after birth,for which he had required medical treatment and hospitalization several times.His sister presented similar symptoms and died at the age of two.On admission,his body weight was 5700 g(-4.8 SDS)and measured 66 cm(-5.4 SDS)in height.Meanwhile,he cannot speak or climb.He exhibited mild anemia,hypocalcemia,hypomagnesemia,and an infection in the upper respiratory tract.Microvilli sparse and vacuolar degeneration of epithelial cells were reported by small intestine biopsy.Whole-exome sequencing showed a novel homozygous splice mutation(c.657+1[IVS6]G>A)in the EPCAM gene.He was treated with TPN and recombinant human growth hormone.After 2 mo,his body weight was up to 8500 g and he has been waiting for small bowel transplantation.CONCLUSION CTE is rare but fatal.Patients with CTE require rapid diagnosis and therapy to improve their survival.
文摘After a review of the tufting industry’s development, and a brief introduction to available systems for producing patterned tufted carpets, the principle of ICN (Individually Controlled Needle) and the related advanced tufting technology Col-ortec are presented. Finally, Colortec machine, Axminster weaving machine, and Wilton loom are compared. It is believed that the Cobble Colortec machine is a significant jump forward in the tufted carpets industry as it now allows access to all major carpet markets in a competitive fashion.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51175075)the Research and Innovation Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,China(No.15ZZ034)
文摘The dynamic performance of the coupling shaft system in a carpet tufting machine is the most critical factor affecting the carpet tufting machine's efficiency,and the product quality of the tufted carpet. To determine how to avoid resonance produced by the coupling shaft system's vibration during the weaving process,the dynamic performance of a coupling shaft system in a carpet tufting machine was analyzed. Focusing on a DHGN801D-400 carpet tufting machine,a dynamic model of coupling shaft system was established by utilizing transfer matrix methodology. On the basis of this model,the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the coupling shaft system were obtained through simulations. The correctness of the theoretical model and the dynamic performance of the coupling shaft system were validated by experiments. The first order natural frequency of the coupling shaft system was close to 600 r / min. A conclusion can thus be drawn that operating the carpet tufting machine near this speed should be avoided as much as possible.
文摘In order to achieve high speed of tufting machine,the oval gear is used as the transmission mechanism between the main shaft and the slave shaft. And then,mathematical model of tufting machine spindle system is established by transfer matrix method.Finally,the dynamic reaction force of the connection and the unbalanced response of the joint between the general tufting machine and the improved spindle system are studied by using Matlab numerical simulation. The analysis results showthat when the spindle speed reaches 1 000 r/min, the dynamic reaction force of the improved spindle system at the joint is far less than that of the general tufting machine,and the unbalanced response is reduced from 0. 22 mm to 0. 10 mm.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872771,32070995,and 31900713)the National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education(Xuzhou Medical University).
文摘Fiber photometry is a recently-developed method that indirectly measures neural activity by monitoring Ca^(2+)signals in genetically-identified neuronal populations.Although fiber photometry is widely used in neuroscience research,the relationship between the recorded Ca^(2+)signals and direct electrophysiological measurements of neural activity remains elusive.Here,we simultaneously recorded odor-evoked Ca^(2+)and electrophysiological signals[single-unit spikes and local field potentials(LFPs)]from mitral/tufted cells in the olfactory bulb of awake,head-fixed mice.Odors evoked responses in all types of signal but the response characteristics(e.g.,type of response and time course)differed.The Ca^(2+)signal was correlated most closely with power in theβ-band of the LFP.The Ca^(2+)signal performed slightly better at odor classification than high-γoscillations,worse than single-unit spikes,and similarly toβoscillations.These results provide new information to help researchers select an appropriate method for monitoring neural activity under specific conditions.
文摘In view of the lack of research on the information model of tufting carpet machine in China,an information modeling method based on Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control Unified Architecture(OPC UA)framework was proposed to solve the problem of“information island”caused by the differentiated data interface between heterogeneous equipment and system in tufting carpet machine workshop.This paper established an information model of tufting carpet machine based on analyzing the system architecture,workshop equipment composition and information flow of the workshop,combined with the OPC UA information modeling specification.Subsequently,the OPC UA protocol is used to instantiate and map the information model,and the OPC UA server is developed.Finally,the practicability of tufting carpet machine information model under the OPC UA framework and the feasibility of realizing the information interconnection of heterogeneous devices in the tufting carpet machine digital workshop are verified.On this basis,the cloud and remote access to the underlying device data are realized.The application of this information model and information integration scheme in actual production explores and practices the application of OPC UA technology in the digital workshop of tufting carpet machine.
文摘Based on the control requirements of artificial grass tufting machine,an overall plan is proposed on control of CANopen bus.In the control system,on the basis of CoDeSys soft PLC technology of fieldbus control system,LMC20 realizes the communication by making CANopen bus connect with ATV71,OTB module and these underlying slave stations.The humanized operation interface is realized by touch screens and user-friendly application which is developed through CoDeSys,and detailed analysis of the monitor system and the principle and method of monitor system are also provided in the paper.
