The Sluice Gate with Freight Carts is the earliest extant scroll in China that depicted a water mill.It was drawn during the early or middle Northern Song dynasty and was possibly a true portrayal of the West Water Mi...The Sluice Gate with Freight Carts is the earliest extant scroll in China that depicted a water mill.It was drawn during the early or middle Northern Song dynasty and was possibly a true portrayal of the West Water Mill Office.The copresence of a banquet scene of the Northern Song dynasty’s scholar-officials and a water mill both suggests a realistic reproduction of a specific scene and indicates the significance of the water mill as a cultural space.The Northern Song dynasty’s government-operated water mills were especially noticeable in the Capital Circuit京畿路,whose center was Dongjing东京.The basic development path of government-operated water mills in the inner and outer city of Dongjing was first from grain processing,which supplied the needs of the imperial palace,to tea processing,in which the governmental commercial capital also participated.Regarding city space and the use of water sources,the development spread from the north of the city to the south.Other prefectures outside Dongjing also had government-operated water mills—some brought income that could be used as official fiscal expenditure,including military expenditure,and were used to satisfy the need of local people’s livelihood,while some were used to serve the monopoly policy of tea and demonstrate the benevolent governance of local officials.In the Northern Song dynasty,the water mill was no longer merely a production site;rather,it was also a cultural space that integrated a natural background and artificial ingenuity.Closely related to the hosting of emperors and the garden making,sightseeing,feasting,and drinking of scholar-officials,along with the festival activities of locals,the water mill in the Northern Song dynasty was of great cultural significance.展开更多
探究秦川牛宰后成熟过程中线粒体Tu翻译延长因子(mitochondrial Tu translation elongation factor,TUFM)表达对肉的持水性影响。以秦川牛背最长肌为研究对象,测定4℃不同成熟时间下的pH值、贮藏损失、离心损失、蒸煮损失、水分分布、...探究秦川牛宰后成熟过程中线粒体Tu翻译延长因子(mitochondrial Tu translation elongation factor,TUFM)表达对肉的持水性影响。以秦川牛背最长肌为研究对象,测定4℃不同成熟时间下的pH值、贮藏损失、离心损失、蒸煮损失、水分分布、肌原纤维蛋白等指标变化情况,测定不同成熟时间(0、96、192 h)下TUFM表达量及其含量、Beclin1蛋白表达量。结果显示:在秦川牛宰后成熟期间,肌原纤维蛋白发生降解,TUFM的表达量与Beclin1蛋白表达量和牛肉的持水性存在密切关系,其中蛋白质组学测定的TUFM表达量变化与TUFM含量变化趋势一致,Beclin1蛋白表达量、贮藏损失、离心损失、蒸煮损失整体均呈先上升后下降趋势,pH值呈先下降后上升趋势;Pearson相关性分析表明,牛背最长肌中TUFM表达量与低场核磁共振峰面积比P_(2b)、Beclin1蛋白表达量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与贮藏损失、离心损失、蒸煮损失呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与P_(21)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与P_(22)呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与pH值无显著相关性(P>0.05)。通过蛋白质组学鉴定出23种与TUFM相关的差异蛋白,通过基因本体论、京都基因与基因组百科全书通路分析发现,差异蛋白可通过多种途径参与能量代谢,进而介导细胞自噬;对差异蛋白和持水性指标进行Pearson相关性分析发现,有5种差异蛋白(ATP5F1D、EEF1A2、GSPT1、NDUFB5、SUCLG1)与持水性指标具有显著相关性(P<0.05、P<0.01)。分析可知,包括TUFM在内,共6种蛋白主要通过能量代谢和氧转运等途径正向或负向影响细胞自噬,从而影响肉的持水性。展开更多
The existing interpretation of quantum mechanics is contrary to common sense. The existing quantum mechanical interpretation schemes are puzzling. The confusing theory is unconvincing, and needs to be amended and comp...The existing interpretation of quantum mechanics is contrary to common sense. The existing quantum mechanical interpretation schemes are puzzling. The confusing theory is unconvincing, and needs to be amended and completed. The successful interpretation program of quantum mechanics of local-realism and determinism is undoubtedly the most attractive. Preparing the interpretation program deserves to be chosen as a research goal. It is a very good premise to believe that an object particle consists of light-knot of monochromatic waves. According to this premise, the erroneous recognition about “superposition principle, wave-particle duality and uncertainty principle” can be corrected. Under this premise, above research goal is achieved by establishing, applying quantum mechanics inverse measurement theory, adhering to the principle that there must be a complete empirical chain in the derivation process of experimental conclusion, and using the side effect caused by accompanying-light to explain the diffraction experiment of object particles. Electron secondarily diffraction and other experiments directly prove that there is the measurement (observation) which may not destroy quantum coherence. The diffraction experiments of all kinds of particles show that the Keeping and playing of the coherence of moving particles in the vacuum have nothing to do with their previous experience. These are the existing experiments, to be found, that support the theory of quantum inverse measurements. The verification experiment of quantum inverse measurement is designed. The absolute superiorities of quantum inverse measurement and the new view of measurement of quantum mechanics are listed. These superiorities are that: it has the characteristics of local-realism and determinism;it is not contrary to common sense and there is no confusing place;it can predict several phenomena that cannot be predicted by other theories. A solid theoretical foundation has been laid for “correctly understanding the microscopic world” and establishment of local realism quantum mechanics.展开更多
文摘The Sluice Gate with Freight Carts is the earliest extant scroll in China that depicted a water mill.It was drawn during the early or middle Northern Song dynasty and was possibly a true portrayal of the West Water Mill Office.The copresence of a banquet scene of the Northern Song dynasty’s scholar-officials and a water mill both suggests a realistic reproduction of a specific scene and indicates the significance of the water mill as a cultural space.The Northern Song dynasty’s government-operated water mills were especially noticeable in the Capital Circuit京畿路,whose center was Dongjing东京.The basic development path of government-operated water mills in the inner and outer city of Dongjing was first from grain processing,which supplied the needs of the imperial palace,to tea processing,in which the governmental commercial capital also participated.Regarding city space and the use of water sources,the development spread from the north of the city to the south.Other prefectures outside Dongjing also had government-operated water mills—some brought income that could be used as official fiscal expenditure,including military expenditure,and were used to satisfy the need of local people’s livelihood,while some were used to serve the monopoly policy of tea and demonstrate the benevolent governance of local officials.In the Northern Song dynasty,the water mill was no longer merely a production site;rather,it was also a cultural space that integrated a natural background and artificial ingenuity.Closely related to the hosting of emperors and the garden making,sightseeing,feasting,and drinking of scholar-officials,along with the festival activities of locals,the water mill in the Northern Song dynasty was of great cultural significance.
文摘The existing interpretation of quantum mechanics is contrary to common sense. The existing quantum mechanical interpretation schemes are puzzling. The confusing theory is unconvincing, and needs to be amended and completed. The successful interpretation program of quantum mechanics of local-realism and determinism is undoubtedly the most attractive. Preparing the interpretation program deserves to be chosen as a research goal. It is a very good premise to believe that an object particle consists of light-knot of monochromatic waves. According to this premise, the erroneous recognition about “superposition principle, wave-particle duality and uncertainty principle” can be corrected. Under this premise, above research goal is achieved by establishing, applying quantum mechanics inverse measurement theory, adhering to the principle that there must be a complete empirical chain in the derivation process of experimental conclusion, and using the side effect caused by accompanying-light to explain the diffraction experiment of object particles. Electron secondarily diffraction and other experiments directly prove that there is the measurement (observation) which may not destroy quantum coherence. The diffraction experiments of all kinds of particles show that the Keeping and playing of the coherence of moving particles in the vacuum have nothing to do with their previous experience. These are the existing experiments, to be found, that support the theory of quantum inverse measurements. The verification experiment of quantum inverse measurement is designed. The absolute superiorities of quantum inverse measurement and the new view of measurement of quantum mechanics are listed. These superiorities are that: it has the characteristics of local-realism and determinism;it is not contrary to common sense and there is no confusing place;it can predict several phenomena that cannot be predicted by other theories. A solid theoretical foundation has been laid for “correctly understanding the microscopic world” and establishment of local realism quantum mechanics.
