The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a paradox:it enjoins us to cling to its many gifts even while it ordains their eventual relinquishment.The rabbis of old put it this way:
FOR three decades, Zhong Jianhua worked in diplomatic relations be- tween China, the United Kingdom and the United States. Then he found himself posted to South Af- rica. This shift away from Western affairs, his area...FOR three decades, Zhong Jianhua worked in diplomatic relations be- tween China, the United Kingdom and the United States. Then he found himself posted to South Af- rica. This shift away from Western affairs, his area of expertise, made his career path a unique one among the Chinese ambassadors normally sent to Africa.展开更多
This paper examines five cases of mistranslation to shed light on the deliverability and truthfulness of mistranslations.In some cases,a“mistranslation”turns out to be a brilliant translation.Case 1:At a meeting for...This paper examines five cases of mistranslation to shed light on the deliverability and truthfulness of mistranslations.In some cases,a“mistranslation”turns out to be a brilliant translation.Case 1:At a meeting for the UN Security Council Resolution 242,an intentional mistranslation may have been conducted between English and French texts,so Arab nations and Israel would agree.Case 2:At the time of the Sino-Japan diplomatic normalization,Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka made an apology to China that was mistranslated into something banal sounding.Case 3:During his US visit to see President Reagan,Japanese Prime Minister Nakasone’s remarks for an aircraft carrier were mistranslated.Case 4:In TPP negotiations,an ultimatum was pronounced by a Japanese interpreter,although the Japanese negotiator had not said it.Case 5:At a Japanese event,a supposedly deaf composer was dubbed a“digital-age Beethoven”in English;but he replaced it with a“modern-day Beethoven”in Japanese to make himself sound more significant.In hindsight,some cases of mistranslations are hard to judge as mistakes.However,identifying mistranslations helps reveal cultural differences and complicated political differences,and can help improve the quality of translation and interpretation.展开更多
In Kripke’s theory of truth,the largest intrinsic fixed point—like the least fixed point—is of special theoretical interest among all fixed points.However,for intrinsic yet ungrounded sentences(i.e.,those belonging...In Kripke’s theory of truth,the largest intrinsic fixed point—like the least fixed point—is of special theoretical interest among all fixed points.However,for intrinsic yet ungrounded sentences(i.e.,those belonging to the largest intrinsic fixed points but not to the least fixed point),only sporadic examples have been provided so far,and a universal criterion for deciding such sentences remains unknown.This paper aims to establish a general criterion for determining intrinsic truth in Boolean systems of self-referential sentences under Kleene’s strong valuation scheme.To achieve this,we first present a known result about the definability of three-valued functions within Kleene’s strong logic.Then,by reducing the problem of determining the fixed points to a calculation problem in propositional logic,we demonstrate a truth-functional characteristic for the intrinsic truths in Boolean systems.We thus find an effective method for constructing intrinsic truths in a first-order language for Peano arithmetic.We also discuss the applicability of our findings to Kleene’s weak valuation scheme.展开更多
The study of constraints on the constitutive relationships of electromagnetic media is of great importance in the aspects of the medium characteristics analysis, the new article material synthesis and the medium param...The study of constraints on the constitutive relationships of electromagnetic media is of great importance in the aspects of the medium characteristics analysis, the new article material synthesis and the medium parameters reconstruction, etc. According to the fact that the constitutive relationships should not conflict with the general physical laws, the constraints that the constitutive relationships of electromagnetic medium must satisfy have been summarized in this paper. These constraints include determinacy principle, objectivity principle, causality principle and permission principle. And the parameter constraints of the arbitrary linear homogenous time-invariant medium are obtained following the minimum energy consumption principle. This work provides a new way of ascertaining the constitutive relationships of the electromagnetic medium.展开更多
The U.S. Government has unilaterally provoked and escalated trade friction with China since last year, casting a shadow on the China-U.S. trade relationship and the development of the world economy. Qiushi Journal,aff...The U.S. Government has unilaterally provoked and escalated trade friction with China since last year, casting a shadow on the China-U.S. trade relationship and the development of the world economy. Qiushi Journal,affi liated with the Communist Party of China Central Committee, published an article in its 12th issue of 2019, clarifying questions regarding China-U.S.trade friction. An excerpt of the article follows:展开更多
好题精选Ocean Vuongs The Emperor of Gladness provides a clear window into human connection in modern society.Following his first prize⁃winning novel,this new work establishes Vuong as a leading writer by turning perso...好题精选Ocean Vuongs The Emperor of Gladness provides a clear window into human connection in modern society.Following his first prize⁃winning novel,this new work establishes Vuong as a leading writer by turning personal hardships into shared truths.It serves as both a deeply moving story and a useful guide for understanding community bonds in lonely times.展开更多
This article is a part of a larger study called The Abstract Truth of Media focused on the topic of the fictional media content opinions presented and perceived as truth.It will explore the abstract nature of truth in...This article is a part of a larger study called The Abstract Truth of Media focused on the topic of the fictional media content opinions presented and perceived as truth.It will explore the abstract nature of truth in online media and its different forms.These media truths are types of fictional stories with certain effects on the public rather than a truthful presentation of the facts.Thus,the end goal of mass media today is not to tell the truth,but to create moral communities based on common experience and beliefs.Articles,opinions,and news in media are seen as a narrative strategy that can be understood only through storytelling analysis.Here the focus is on the understanding of Truth and Untruth in online media as well as the connection of Internet media technology with the increase of disinformation online.The new media model creates hostile groups instead of generating consent for the nation-state,the new online media model within through,Pseudo-communication,manipulation,delusion,lies,propaganda,and deliberate causing of moral anger.“The end of the truth”means that the truth on the Internet is lost among the vast amount of information and the lack of regulation regarding the correctness of the published data.Instead of truth,media researchers formally talk about post-truth,fake news,and“alternative facts”.Truth on the Internet is more like“Truthiness”or a belief that a statement is true based on the intuition or understanding of individuals,regardless of evidence,logic or facts.The subject of research is the connection between every new technology in mass media and the truth of the information and the effects on the consensus in society.Since the beginning of the 21st century,misinformation on the Internet has increased with the development of online media and social networks,and it is a problem of social peace and consent in every country.展开更多
“The blood-washed film will never lie.”When that line was spoken in Dead to Rights,the cinema seemed frozen in a deeper silence than I had ever experienced.It pierced the air with a truth that could not be softened,...“The blood-washed film will never lie.”When that line was spoken in Dead to Rights,the cinema seemed frozen in a deeper silence than I had ever experienced.It pierced the air with a truth that could not be softened,and I felt my chest tighten as if the words had been spoken directly to me.At that moment,I was not merely a spectator of a film,but a witness called to remember.The trembling voice of the actor,the stark finality of the line-it overwhelmed me with an emotion too heavy for words,a blend of grief,anger,and responsibility.展开更多
Rumor Control(RC),aimed at minimizing the spread of rumors in social networks,is of paramount importance,as the spread of rumors can lead to significant economic losses,societal disruptions,and even widespread panic.T...Rumor Control(RC),aimed at minimizing the spread of rumors in social networks,is of paramount importance,as the spread of rumors can lead to significant economic losses,societal disruptions,and even widespread panic.The RC problem has garnered extensive research attention,however,most existing solutions for rumor control face a trade-off between efficiency and effectiveness,which limits their practical application in real-world scenarios.In this light,this paper studies the Truth-spreading-based Rumor Control(TRC)problem,and introduces the Subgraphbased Greedy algorithm Optimized with CELF(SGOC),which employs subgraph techniques and the CELF strategy,as the basic solution for the TRC problem.To improve the performance of SGOC,we carefully design a shortest path length dictionary SPR and an Immune Nodes Set(INS),leading to the Shortest Path-Based Rumor Control(SPRC)algorithm.To further enhance the SPRC algorithm,we develop a pruning method that accelerates the construction process of INS,proposing the Improved Shortest Path-Based Rumor Control(ISPRC)algorithm,which demonstrates superior efficiency compared to both SPRC and SGOC.Extensive experiments conducted on five real-world datasets,demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms.展开更多
It has long been noticed that focus is able to influence the truth-conditions of coun-terfactual conditionals.Namely,stressing different parts of a counterfactual leads to distinct interpretations.However,existing the...It has long been noticed that focus is able to influence the truth-conditions of coun-terfactual conditionals.Namely,stressing different parts of a counterfactual leads to distinct interpretations.However,existing theories,such as those by von Finte1 and Rooth,fail to ad-equately account for this phenomenon.In this paper,I exposit the drawbacks of these theories and then propose a novel account,ie.the Good Question-Answer(GQA)view.The GQA account posits that focus triggers question-answer pairs,and pragmatic pressures conceming the adequacy of such question answer pairs in contexts are able to affect the truth-conditions of counterfactuals.I also argue for the GQA account by appeal to its theoretical virtues.展开更多
Existing text truth discovery methods fail to address two challenges:the inherent long-distance dependencies and thematic diversity of long texts;the inherent subjective sentiment that obscures objective evaluation of...Existing text truth discovery methods fail to address two challenges:the inherent long-distance dependencies and thematic diversity of long texts;the inherent subjective sentiment that obscures objective evaluation of source reliability.To address these challenges,a novel truth discovery method named large language model(LLM)-enhanced text truth discovery with dual attention(LTDDA)is proposed.First,LLMs generate embedded representations of text claims,and enhance the feature space to tackle long-distance dependencies and thematic diversity.Then,the complex relationship between source reliability and claim credibility is captured by integrating semantic and sentiment features.Finally,dual-layer attention is applied to extract key semantic information and assign consistent weights to similar sources,resulting in accurate truth outputs.Extensive experiments on three realworld datasets demonstrate that the effectiveness of LTDDA outperforms that of state-of-the-art methods,providing new insights for building more reliable and accurate text truth discovery systems.展开更多
国内围绕旅游发展权益分配的不公平和不公正现象已呈常态化。利益相关者之间权力结构失衡和调节保障机制缺位,愈益成为制约旅游目的地可持续发展的关键因素。旅游发展所引发的利益关系调整主要是在资本、政府与地方三者之间,旅游决策和...国内围绕旅游发展权益分配的不公平和不公正现象已呈常态化。利益相关者之间权力结构失衡和调节保障机制缺位,愈益成为制约旅游目的地可持续发展的关键因素。旅游发展所引发的利益关系调整主要是在资本、政府与地方三者之间,旅游决策和利益分配更多是在资本和权力主导下进行,地方社区往往处于被动、失语和边缘化状态。过往学者更多从公平交易（fare trade）、社区参与、社区赋权等概念角度关注地方在旅游发展中的失权问题,藉由向权力诉说真理（speak truth to power）为弱势群体发声,展开更多
一、环保纪录片的里程碑关于环保的纪录片多是欧美发达国家拍摄的,例如:《可爱的动物(Animals Are Beautiful People)》(1974,南非)、《野鸟世界(The Life of Birds)》(1998,英国)、《地球公民(Earthlings)》(2005,美国)、《地球脉动(Pl...一、环保纪录片的里程碑关于环保的纪录片多是欧美发达国家拍摄的,例如:《可爱的动物(Animals Are Beautiful People)》(1974,南非)、《野鸟世界(The Life of Birds)》(1998,英国)、《地球公民(Earthlings)》(2005,美国)、《地球脉动(Planet Earth)》(2006,英国)、《难以忽视的真相(An Inconvenient Truth)》(2006,美国)、《危险中的星球(Planet in Peril)》(2007,美国)、《自然界大事件(Nature’s Great Events)》(2009,英国)、《人类星球(Human Planet)》(2011,英国)、《家园(Home)》(2011,展开更多
工业数据由于技术故障和人为因素通常导致数据异常,现有基于约束的方法因约束阈值设置的过于宽松或严格会导致修复错误,基于统计的方法因平滑修复机制导致对时间步长较远的异常值修复准确度较低.针对上述问题,提出了基于奖励机制的最小...工业数据由于技术故障和人为因素通常导致数据异常,现有基于约束的方法因约束阈值设置的过于宽松或严格会导致修复错误,基于统计的方法因平滑修复机制导致对时间步长较远的异常值修复准确度较低.针对上述问题,提出了基于奖励机制的最小迭代修复和改进WGAN混合模型的时序数据修复方法.首先,在预处理阶段,保留异常数据,进行信息标注等处理,从而充分挖掘异常值与真实值之间的特征约束.其次,在噪声模块提出了近邻参数裁剪规则,用于修正最小迭代修复公式生成的噪声向量.将其传递至模拟分布模块的生成器中,同时设计了一个动态时间注意力网络层,用于提取时序特征权重并与门控循环单元串联组合捕捉不同步长的特征依赖,并引入递归多步预测原理共同提升模型的表达能力;在判别器中设计了Abnormal and Truth奖励机制和Weighted Mean Square Error损失函数共同反向优化生成器修复数据的细节和质量.最后,在公开数据集和真实数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法的修复准确度与模型稳定性显著优于现有方法.展开更多
文摘The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a paradox:it enjoins us to cling to its many gifts even while it ordains their eventual relinquishment.The rabbis of old put it this way:
文摘FOR three decades, Zhong Jianhua worked in diplomatic relations be- tween China, the United Kingdom and the United States. Then he found himself posted to South Af- rica. This shift away from Western affairs, his area of expertise, made his career path a unique one among the Chinese ambassadors normally sent to Africa.
文摘This paper examines five cases of mistranslation to shed light on the deliverability and truthfulness of mistranslations.In some cases,a“mistranslation”turns out to be a brilliant translation.Case 1:At a meeting for the UN Security Council Resolution 242,an intentional mistranslation may have been conducted between English and French texts,so Arab nations and Israel would agree.Case 2:At the time of the Sino-Japan diplomatic normalization,Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka made an apology to China that was mistranslated into something banal sounding.Case 3:During his US visit to see President Reagan,Japanese Prime Minister Nakasone’s remarks for an aircraft carrier were mistranslated.Case 4:In TPP negotiations,an ultimatum was pronounced by a Japanese interpreter,although the Japanese negotiator had not said it.Case 5:At a Japanese event,a supposedly deaf composer was dubbed a“digital-age Beethoven”in English;but he replaced it with a“modern-day Beethoven”in Japanese to make himself sound more significant.In hindsight,some cases of mistranslations are hard to judge as mistakes.However,identifying mistranslations helps reveal cultural differences and complicated political differences,and can help improve the quality of translation and interpretation.
基金supported by National Social Science Foundation of China,“A Truth-theoretical Study on Limits of Artificial Intelligence”(No.24AZX018)Major Interdisciplinary Cultivation Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences at South China Normal University,“Research on Frontier Issues in Epistemic Logic in Analytic Philosophy.”。
文摘In Kripke’s theory of truth,the largest intrinsic fixed point—like the least fixed point—is of special theoretical interest among all fixed points.However,for intrinsic yet ungrounded sentences(i.e.,those belonging to the largest intrinsic fixed points but not to the least fixed point),only sporadic examples have been provided so far,and a universal criterion for deciding such sentences remains unknown.This paper aims to establish a general criterion for determining intrinsic truth in Boolean systems of self-referential sentences under Kleene’s strong valuation scheme.To achieve this,we first present a known result about the definability of three-valued functions within Kleene’s strong logic.Then,by reducing the problem of determining the fixed points to a calculation problem in propositional logic,we demonstrate a truth-functional characteristic for the intrinsic truths in Boolean systems.We thus find an effective method for constructing intrinsic truths in a first-order language for Peano arithmetic.We also discuss the applicability of our findings to Kleene’s weak valuation scheme.
文摘The study of constraints on the constitutive relationships of electromagnetic media is of great importance in the aspects of the medium characteristics analysis, the new article material synthesis and the medium parameters reconstruction, etc. According to the fact that the constitutive relationships should not conflict with the general physical laws, the constraints that the constitutive relationships of electromagnetic medium must satisfy have been summarized in this paper. These constraints include determinacy principle, objectivity principle, causality principle and permission principle. And the parameter constraints of the arbitrary linear homogenous time-invariant medium are obtained following the minimum energy consumption principle. This work provides a new way of ascertaining the constitutive relationships of the electromagnetic medium.
文摘The U.S. Government has unilaterally provoked and escalated trade friction with China since last year, casting a shadow on the China-U.S. trade relationship and the development of the world economy. Qiushi Journal,affi liated with the Communist Party of China Central Committee, published an article in its 12th issue of 2019, clarifying questions regarding China-U.S.trade friction. An excerpt of the article follows:
文摘好题精选Ocean Vuongs The Emperor of Gladness provides a clear window into human connection in modern society.Following his first prize⁃winning novel,this new work establishes Vuong as a leading writer by turning personal hardships into shared truths.It serves as both a deeply moving story and a useful guide for understanding community bonds in lonely times.
文摘This article is a part of a larger study called The Abstract Truth of Media focused on the topic of the fictional media content opinions presented and perceived as truth.It will explore the abstract nature of truth in online media and its different forms.These media truths are types of fictional stories with certain effects on the public rather than a truthful presentation of the facts.Thus,the end goal of mass media today is not to tell the truth,but to create moral communities based on common experience and beliefs.Articles,opinions,and news in media are seen as a narrative strategy that can be understood only through storytelling analysis.Here the focus is on the understanding of Truth and Untruth in online media as well as the connection of Internet media technology with the increase of disinformation online.The new media model creates hostile groups instead of generating consent for the nation-state,the new online media model within through,Pseudo-communication,manipulation,delusion,lies,propaganda,and deliberate causing of moral anger.“The end of the truth”means that the truth on the Internet is lost among the vast amount of information and the lack of regulation regarding the correctness of the published data.Instead of truth,media researchers formally talk about post-truth,fake news,and“alternative facts”.Truth on the Internet is more like“Truthiness”or a belief that a statement is true based on the intuition or understanding of individuals,regardless of evidence,logic or facts.The subject of research is the connection between every new technology in mass media and the truth of the information and the effects on the consensus in society.Since the beginning of the 21st century,misinformation on the Internet has increased with the development of online media and social networks,and it is a problem of social peace and consent in every country.
文摘“The blood-washed film will never lie.”When that line was spoken in Dead to Rights,the cinema seemed frozen in a deeper silence than I had ever experienced.It pierced the air with a truth that could not be softened,and I felt my chest tighten as if the words had been spoken directly to me.At that moment,I was not merely a spectator of a film,but a witness called to remember.The trembling voice of the actor,the stark finality of the line-it overwhelmed me with an emotion too heavy for words,a blend of grief,anger,and responsibility.
基金partially supported by Research Programs of Henan Science and Technology Department(252102210022,232102210054)Henan Province Key Research and Development Project(231111212000)+2 种基金Henan Center for Out-standingOverseas Scientists(GZS2022011)Henan Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aeronautics and Astronautics Electronic Information TechnologyHenan International Joint Laboratory of Aerospace Intelligent Technology and Systems.
文摘Rumor Control(RC),aimed at minimizing the spread of rumors in social networks,is of paramount importance,as the spread of rumors can lead to significant economic losses,societal disruptions,and even widespread panic.The RC problem has garnered extensive research attention,however,most existing solutions for rumor control face a trade-off between efficiency and effectiveness,which limits their practical application in real-world scenarios.In this light,this paper studies the Truth-spreading-based Rumor Control(TRC)problem,and introduces the Subgraphbased Greedy algorithm Optimized with CELF(SGOC),which employs subgraph techniques and the CELF strategy,as the basic solution for the TRC problem.To improve the performance of SGOC,we carefully design a shortest path length dictionary SPR and an Immune Nodes Set(INS),leading to the Shortest Path-Based Rumor Control(SPRC)algorithm.To further enhance the SPRC algorithm,we develop a pruning method that accelerates the construction process of INS,proposing the Improved Shortest Path-Based Rumor Control(ISPRC)algorithm,which demonstrates superior efficiency compared to both SPRC and SGOC.Extensive experiments conducted on five real-world datasets,demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China(No.23&ZD240)。
文摘It has long been noticed that focus is able to influence the truth-conditions of coun-terfactual conditionals.Namely,stressing different parts of a counterfactual leads to distinct interpretations.However,existing theories,such as those by von Finte1 and Rooth,fail to ad-equately account for this phenomenon.In this paper,I exposit the drawbacks of these theories and then propose a novel account,ie.the Good Question-Answer(GQA)view.The GQA account posits that focus triggers question-answer pairs,and pragmatic pressures conceming the adequacy of such question answer pairs in contexts are able to affect the truth-conditions of counterfactuals.I also argue for the GQA account by appeal to its theoretical virtues.
文摘Existing text truth discovery methods fail to address two challenges:the inherent long-distance dependencies and thematic diversity of long texts;the inherent subjective sentiment that obscures objective evaluation of source reliability.To address these challenges,a novel truth discovery method named large language model(LLM)-enhanced text truth discovery with dual attention(LTDDA)is proposed.First,LLMs generate embedded representations of text claims,and enhance the feature space to tackle long-distance dependencies and thematic diversity.Then,the complex relationship between source reliability and claim credibility is captured by integrating semantic and sentiment features.Finally,dual-layer attention is applied to extract key semantic information and assign consistent weights to similar sources,resulting in accurate truth outputs.Extensive experiments on three realworld datasets demonstrate that the effectiveness of LTDDA outperforms that of state-of-the-art methods,providing new insights for building more reliable and accurate text truth discovery systems.
文摘国内围绕旅游发展权益分配的不公平和不公正现象已呈常态化。利益相关者之间权力结构失衡和调节保障机制缺位,愈益成为制约旅游目的地可持续发展的关键因素。旅游发展所引发的利益关系调整主要是在资本、政府与地方三者之间,旅游决策和利益分配更多是在资本和权力主导下进行,地方社区往往处于被动、失语和边缘化状态。过往学者更多从公平交易（fare trade）、社区参与、社区赋权等概念角度关注地方在旅游发展中的失权问题,藉由向权力诉说真理（speak truth to power）为弱势群体发声,
文摘一、环保纪录片的里程碑关于环保的纪录片多是欧美发达国家拍摄的,例如:《可爱的动物(Animals Are Beautiful People)》(1974,南非)、《野鸟世界(The Life of Birds)》(1998,英国)、《地球公民(Earthlings)》(2005,美国)、《地球脉动(Planet Earth)》(2006,英国)、《难以忽视的真相(An Inconvenient Truth)》(2006,美国)、《危险中的星球(Planet in Peril)》(2007,美国)、《自然界大事件(Nature’s Great Events)》(2009,英国)、《人类星球(Human Planet)》(2011,英国)、《家园(Home)》(2011,
文摘工业数据由于技术故障和人为因素通常导致数据异常,现有基于约束的方法因约束阈值设置的过于宽松或严格会导致修复错误,基于统计的方法因平滑修复机制导致对时间步长较远的异常值修复准确度较低.针对上述问题,提出了基于奖励机制的最小迭代修复和改进WGAN混合模型的时序数据修复方法.首先,在预处理阶段,保留异常数据,进行信息标注等处理,从而充分挖掘异常值与真实值之间的特征约束.其次,在噪声模块提出了近邻参数裁剪规则,用于修正最小迭代修复公式生成的噪声向量.将其传递至模拟分布模块的生成器中,同时设计了一个动态时间注意力网络层,用于提取时序特征权重并与门控循环单元串联组合捕捉不同步长的特征依赖,并引入递归多步预测原理共同提升模型的表达能力;在判别器中设计了Abnormal and Truth奖励机制和Weighted Mean Square Error损失函数共同反向优化生成器修复数据的细节和质量.最后,在公开数据集和真实数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法的修复准确度与模型稳定性显著优于现有方法.
