A mass-balanced model was constructed to determine the flow-energy in a community of fishes and invertebrates in the Beibu Gulf, northern South China Sea using Ecopath and Ecosim software. Input parameters were taken ...A mass-balanced model was constructed to determine the flow-energy in a community of fishes and invertebrates in the Beibu Gulf, northern South China Sea using Ecopath and Ecosim software. Input parameters were taken from the literature, except for the biomass of fish groups which was obtained from trawl surveys during October 1997 to May 1999 in the study area. The model consisted of 16 functional groups （boxes）, including one marine mammal and seabirds, each representing organisms with a similar role in the food web, and only covered the main trophic flow in the Beibu Gulf ecosystem. The results showed that the food web of Beibu Gulf was dominated by the detrital path and benthic invertebrates played a significant role in transferring energy from the detritus to higher trophic levels; phytoplankton was a primary producer and most utilized as a food source. Fractional trophic levels ranged from 1.0 to 4.08 with marine mammals occupying the highest trophic level. Using network analysis, the system network was mapped into a linear food chain and six discrete trophic levels were found with a mean transfer efficiency of 16.7% from the detritus, 16.2% from the primary producer within the ecosystem. The biomass density of the commercially utilized species estimated by the model is 8.46 t/km^2, only O. 48% of the net primary production.展开更多
Multispecies ecological models have been used for predicting the effects of fishing activity and evaluating the performance of management strategies. Size-spectrum models are one type of physiologically-structured eco...Multispecies ecological models have been used for predicting the effects of fishing activity and evaluating the performance of management strategies. Size-spectrum models are one type of physiologically-structured ecological model that provide a feasible approach to describing fish communities in terms of individual dietary variation and ontogenetic niche shift. Despite the potential of ecological models in improving our understanding of ecosystems, their application is usually limited for data-poor fisheries. As a first step in implementing ecosystem-based fisheries management（EBFM）, this study built a size-spectrum model for the fish community in the Haizhou Bay, China. We describe data collection procedures and model parameterization to facilitate the implementation of such size-spectrum models for future studies of data-poor ecosystems. The effects of fishing on the ecosystem were exemplified with a range of fishing effort and were monitored with a set of ecological indicators. Total community biomass, biodiversity index, W-statistic, LFI（Large fish index）, Mean W（mean body weight） and Slope（slope of community size spectra） showed a strong non-linear pattern in response to fishing pressure, and largest fishing effort did not generate the most drastic responses in certain scenarios. We emphasize the value and feasibility of developing size-spectrum models to capture ecological dynamics and suggest limitations as well as potential for model improvement. This study aims to promote a wide use of this type of model in support of EBFM.展开更多
为探讨莱州湾生态系统年代际变化,基于莱州湾1980年代(1980s)和2020年代(2020s)相关数据,应用Ecopath with Ecosim(EwE)软件,分别构建莱州湾1980s和2020s的Ecopath模型,对比莱州湾生态系统年代际的结构和功能差异。结果显示,两个年代莱...为探讨莱州湾生态系统年代际变化,基于莱州湾1980年代(1980s)和2020年代(2020s)相关数据,应用Ecopath with Ecosim(EwE)软件,分别构建莱州湾1980s和2020s的Ecopath模型,对比莱州湾生态系统年代际的结构和功能差异。结果显示,两个年代莱州湾生态系统均存在牧食食物链和碎屑食物链两种能量传递途径,能量流动主要集中在低营养级,能量流动规律符合金字塔逐级递减规律;与1980s相比,2020s莱州湾生态系统功能组营养级下降,生物量减少;2020s莱州湾流向碎屑量和系统总流量降低,资源再循环效率提高,总初级生产量/总呼吸量和系统净生产量降低,Finn’s循环指数和Finn’s平均路径长度增大,连接指数增大。研究表明,2020s莱州湾生态系统规模比1980s有所下降,生态系统的稳定性有所提高。展开更多
根据2003年连云港海州湾渔业生态修复水域的本底调查资料,应用Ecopath with Ecosim（Ew E）软件中的Ecopath模块,本研究构建了该区域的生态系统能量流动简易模型,初步评估了该区域的初始生态系统稳定性。结果表明：连云港海州湾渔业生...根据2003年连云港海州湾渔业生态修复水域的本底调查资料,应用Ecopath with Ecosim（Ew E）软件中的Ecopath模块,本研究构建了该区域的生态系统能量流动简易模型,初步评估了该区域的初始生态系统稳定性。结果表明：连云港海州湾渔业生态修复水域初始生态系统能量流动主要以牧食食物链为主,54.00%的能量通过牧食食物链向上传递。系统各功能组营养级在1.00~4.37。系统总流量为21946.70t/km^2/a,系统总初级生产力9500.00 t/km^2/a。系统的能量流动主要集中在6个营养级,来自初级生产者的转化效率为14.20%,来自碎屑的转化效率为13.60%,系统平均转化效率为13.80%。系统初级生产力与总呼吸量的比值为4.51,连接指数为0.27,杂食指数为0.21,Finn循环指数为2.62%,平均能流路径为2.22。连云港海州湾渔业生态修复水域生态系统的成熟度和稳定性较低,系统尚未发展成熟,还有较大的发展空间,可为鱼类等主要消费群体提供较多的能量供给。本研究结果可为海州湾人工鱼礁效果评价提供重要的基础数据。展开更多
根据2010年对江苏滆湖渔业资源和生态环境调查数据,采用Ecopath with Ecosim软件构建了滆湖生态系统的物质平衡ecopath模型,以期为在滆湖进行生态修复提供支持和指导。ecopath分析结果表明:2010年滆湖生态系统包含7个营养级,各功能组的...根据2010年对江苏滆湖渔业资源和生态环境调查数据,采用Ecopath with Ecosim软件构建了滆湖生态系统的物质平衡ecopath模型,以期为在滆湖进行生态修复提供支持和指导。ecopath分析结果表明:2010年滆湖生态系统包含7个营养级,各功能组的有效营养级范围为1～3.691,其营养物质流动主要发生在前4个营养级,占总流量的99.8%。系统总生产量为1 974.82t/km2.a,总流量为8 562.544t/km2.a,联结指数、系统杂食系数、Finn’s循环指数以及Finn’s平均路径长度分别为0.219、0.189、7.99和2.841;生产量/呼吸量、生产量/生物量分别为2.189和3.509;平均捕捞营养级为2.56。食物链以开始于藻类的牧食食物链和开始于碎屑的碎屑食物链为主,系统总能量转换效率为6.4%。与滆湖1986～1989年的ecopath模型相比较,滆湖生态系统的总流量减小,r-对策者在系统中所占比例增加,K-对策者在系统中所占比例减小,根据Odum对成熟生态系统的描述,滆湖目前正处于退化演变过程中。展开更多
文摘A mass-balanced model was constructed to determine the flow-energy in a community of fishes and invertebrates in the Beibu Gulf, northern South China Sea using Ecopath and Ecosim software. Input parameters were taken from the literature, except for the biomass of fish groups which was obtained from trawl surveys during October 1997 to May 1999 in the study area. The model consisted of 16 functional groups （boxes）, including one marine mammal and seabirds, each representing organisms with a similar role in the food web, and only covered the main trophic flow in the Beibu Gulf ecosystem. The results showed that the food web of Beibu Gulf was dominated by the detrital path and benthic invertebrates played a significant role in transferring energy from the detritus to higher trophic levels; phytoplankton was a primary producer and most utilized as a food source. Fractional trophic levels ranged from 1.0 to 4.08 with marine mammals occupying the highest trophic level. Using network analysis, the system network was mapped into a linear food chain and six discrete trophic levels were found with a mean transfer efficiency of 16.7% from the detritus, 16.2% from the primary producer within the ecosystem. The biomass density of the commercially utilized species estimated by the model is 8.46 t/km^2, only O. 48% of the net primary production.
基金The Special Fund for Agriscientific Research in the Public Interest under contract No.201303050the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under contract Nos 201022001 and 201262004
文摘Multispecies ecological models have been used for predicting the effects of fishing activity and evaluating the performance of management strategies. Size-spectrum models are one type of physiologically-structured ecological model that provide a feasible approach to describing fish communities in terms of individual dietary variation and ontogenetic niche shift. Despite the potential of ecological models in improving our understanding of ecosystems, their application is usually limited for data-poor fisheries. As a first step in implementing ecosystem-based fisheries management（EBFM）, this study built a size-spectrum model for the fish community in the Haizhou Bay, China. We describe data collection procedures and model parameterization to facilitate the implementation of such size-spectrum models for future studies of data-poor ecosystems. The effects of fishing on the ecosystem were exemplified with a range of fishing effort and were monitored with a set of ecological indicators. Total community biomass, biodiversity index, W-statistic, LFI（Large fish index）, Mean W（mean body weight） and Slope（slope of community size spectra） showed a strong non-linear pattern in response to fishing pressure, and largest fishing effort did not generate the most drastic responses in certain scenarios. We emphasize the value and feasibility of developing size-spectrum models to capture ecological dynamics and suggest limitations as well as potential for model improvement. This study aims to promote a wide use of this type of model in support of EBFM.
文摘为探讨莱州湾生态系统年代际变化,基于莱州湾1980年代(1980s)和2020年代(2020s)相关数据,应用Ecopath with Ecosim(EwE)软件,分别构建莱州湾1980s和2020s的Ecopath模型,对比莱州湾生态系统年代际的结构和功能差异。结果显示,两个年代莱州湾生态系统均存在牧食食物链和碎屑食物链两种能量传递途径,能量流动主要集中在低营养级,能量流动规律符合金字塔逐级递减规律;与1980s相比,2020s莱州湾生态系统功能组营养级下降,生物量减少;2020s莱州湾流向碎屑量和系统总流量降低,资源再循环效率提高,总初级生产量/总呼吸量和系统净生产量降低,Finn’s循环指数和Finn’s平均路径长度增大,连接指数增大。研究表明,2020s莱州湾生态系统规模比1980s有所下降,生态系统的稳定性有所提高。
文摘根据2003年连云港海州湾渔业生态修复水域的本底调查资料,应用Ecopath with Ecosim（Ew E）软件中的Ecopath模块,本研究构建了该区域的生态系统能量流动简易模型,初步评估了该区域的初始生态系统稳定性。结果表明：连云港海州湾渔业生态修复水域初始生态系统能量流动主要以牧食食物链为主,54.00%的能量通过牧食食物链向上传递。系统各功能组营养级在1.00~4.37。系统总流量为21946.70t/km^2/a,系统总初级生产力9500.00 t/km^2/a。系统的能量流动主要集中在6个营养级,来自初级生产者的转化效率为14.20%,来自碎屑的转化效率为13.60%,系统平均转化效率为13.80%。系统初级生产力与总呼吸量的比值为4.51,连接指数为0.27,杂食指数为0.21,Finn循环指数为2.62%,平均能流路径为2.22。连云港海州湾渔业生态修复水域生态系统的成熟度和稳定性较低,系统尚未发展成熟,还有较大的发展空间,可为鱼类等主要消费群体提供较多的能量供给。本研究结果可为海州湾人工鱼礁效果评价提供重要的基础数据。
文摘根据2010年对江苏滆湖渔业资源和生态环境调查数据,采用Ecopath with Ecosim软件构建了滆湖生态系统的物质平衡ecopath模型,以期为在滆湖进行生态修复提供支持和指导。ecopath分析结果表明:2010年滆湖生态系统包含7个营养级,各功能组的有效营养级范围为1～3.691,其营养物质流动主要发生在前4个营养级,占总流量的99.8%。系统总生产量为1 974.82t/km2.a,总流量为8 562.544t/km2.a,联结指数、系统杂食系数、Finn’s循环指数以及Finn’s平均路径长度分别为0.219、0.189、7.99和2.841;生产量/呼吸量、生产量/生物量分别为2.189和3.509;平均捕捞营养级为2.56。食物链以开始于藻类的牧食食物链和开始于碎屑的碎屑食物链为主,系统总能量转换效率为6.4%。与滆湖1986～1989年的ecopath模型相比较,滆湖生态系统的总流量减小,r-对策者在系统中所占比例增加,K-对策者在系统中所占比例减小,根据Odum对成熟生态系统的描述,滆湖目前正处于退化演变过程中。
