Background:Ketamine is a widely used anesthetic in animal research,but its use is strictly regulated in several countries,including Japan and China.As an alternative,the medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol(MMB)combinat...Background:Ketamine is a widely used anesthetic in animal research,but its use is strictly regulated in several countries,including Japan and China.As an alternative,the medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol(MMB)combination is commonly used in Japan.However,medetomidine is a racemic mixture containing the inactive Renantiomer,which may reduce anesthetic predictability and safety.Objective:The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a modified anesthetic combination(d MMB),in which dexmedetomidine replaces medetomidine,across three commonly used mouse strains(ICR,C57BL/6,BALB/c).Methods:Male and female mice were administered either MMB or d MMB subcutaneously.Anesthetic depth,recovery profiles,heart rate,SpO_(2),body temperature,ocular opacity,and blood glucose levels were assessed.Atipamezole was used to reverse anesthesia,and thermoregulatory recovery was monitored postinjection.Results:d MMB produced similar anesthetic depth to MMB,with faster and more consistent recovery,particularly in males.Body temperature recovery was significantly enhanced in d MMB-treated B6 males.No significant differences in side effects(ocular opacity or blood glucose levels)were observed between protocols,though strainspecific glucose elevations were noted in d MMB-treated males.Conclusion:d MMB is a safe,effective,and ketamine-free injectable anesthetic protocol,offering advantages in recovery and thermoregulation.It may be a valuable alternative in research settings where ketamine is restricted and medetomidine may become unavailable.展开更多
文摘Background:Ketamine is a widely used anesthetic in animal research,but its use is strictly regulated in several countries,including Japan and China.As an alternative,the medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol(MMB)combination is commonly used in Japan.However,medetomidine is a racemic mixture containing the inactive Renantiomer,which may reduce anesthetic predictability and safety.Objective:The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a modified anesthetic combination(d MMB),in which dexmedetomidine replaces medetomidine,across three commonly used mouse strains(ICR,C57BL/6,BALB/c).Methods:Male and female mice were administered either MMB or d MMB subcutaneously.Anesthetic depth,recovery profiles,heart rate,SpO_(2),body temperature,ocular opacity,and blood glucose levels were assessed.Atipamezole was used to reverse anesthesia,and thermoregulatory recovery was monitored postinjection.Results:d MMB produced similar anesthetic depth to MMB,with faster and more consistent recovery,particularly in males.Body temperature recovery was significantly enhanced in d MMB-treated B6 males.No significant differences in side effects(ocular opacity or blood glucose levels)were observed between protocols,though strainspecific glucose elevations were noted in d MMB-treated males.Conclusion:d MMB is a safe,effective,and ketamine-free injectable anesthetic protocol,offering advantages in recovery and thermoregulation.It may be a valuable alternative in research settings where ketamine is restricted and medetomidine may become unavailable.
