Gastric and gastroesophageal junction(GEJ)cancers represent an aggressive group of malignancies with poor prognosis even when diagnosed in relatively early stage,with an increasing incidence both in Asia and in Wester...Gastric and gastroesophageal junction(GEJ)cancers represent an aggressive group of malignancies with poor prognosis even when diagnosed in relatively early stage,with an increasing incidence both in Asia and in Western countries.These cancers are characterized by heterogeneity as a result of different pathogenetic mechanisms as shown in recent molecular analyses.Accordingly,the understanding of phenotypic and genotypic correlations/classifications has been improved.Current therapeutic strategies have also advanced and moved beyond surgical extirpation alone,with the incorporation of other treatment modalities,such as radiation and chemotherapy(including biologics).Chemoradiotherapy has been used as postoperative treatment after suboptimal gastrectomy to ensure local disease control but also improvement in survival.Preoperative chemoradiotherapy/chemotherapy has been employed to increase the chance of a successful R0 resection and pathologic complete response rate,which is associated with improved long-term outcomes.Several studies have defined various chemotherapy regimens to accompany radiation(before and after surgery).Recently,addition of immunotherapy after trimodality of gastroesophageal cancer has produced an advantage in disease-free interval.Targeted agents used in the metastatic setting are being investigated in the early setting with mixed results.The aim of this review is to summarize the existing data on trimodality approaches for gastric and GEJ cancers,highlight the remaining questions and present the current research effort addressing them.展开更多
Malignant pleural mesothelioma （MPM） is a rare but rapidly deadly disease （1）. Macroscopic complete resection （MCR） is the goal of surgery （2）. MCR seems to have the most significant impact on survival in pati...Malignant pleural mesothelioma （MPM） is a rare but rapidly deadly disease （1）. Macroscopic complete resection （MCR） is the goal of surgery （2）. MCR seems to have the most significant impact on survival in patients undergoing multimodality treatment for MPM. The role of surgical resection in the management of MPM remains controversial. The selection criterion to perform either extrapleural pneumonectomy （EPP） or extended/radical pleurectomy/ decortication （PD） rely not only on the cardio-pulmonary status of the patient, tumor stage and intraoperative findings but is strongly dependent also on surgeons＇ decision and philosophy. This is reflected by a recent survey of opinions and beliefs among 802 thoracic surgeons, in which EPP was believed to be more effective than PD （3）. Nonetheless, either surgery might achieve MCR.展开更多
Objective:To systematically review the most recent scientific literature regarding modern strategies for organ preservation in the treatment of non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Methods:Literature search w...Objective:To systematically review the most recent scientific literature regarding modern strategies for organ preservation in the treatment of non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Methods:Literature search was made using PubMed,Google Scholar,EMBASE,Wiley Library,and ClinicalTrials.gov following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.The primary outcome was 5-year overall survival rate,which was addressed by a systematic review and meta-analysis.The risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation system.Results:The evidence is consistent in showing that 5-year survival of trimodality therapy is similar to radical cystectomy in selected patients,ranging between 29%and 73%.Patients undergoing bladder-sparing therapy were found to have better outcomes in terms of quality of life and sociability than those undergoing radical cystectomy.Immunotherapy is establishing itself as a strategy for organ-preservation treatment,showing complete response rates between 42%and 100%.However,most of these results have been obtained from ongoing clinical trials.Furthermore,there are still no studies comparing the efficacy among the different available therapies.Conclusion:Although radical cystectomy remains the gold standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer,its significant morbidity has prompted the exploration of alternative therapies.In this context,bladder preservation therapies,though supported by limited literature,emerge as a potential alternative that could offer comparable oncological outcomes in selected patients.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the outcomes of T3 a prostate cancer with unfavorable prognostic factors treated with permanent interstitial brachytherapy combined with external radiotherapy and hormone therapy.Methods From Jan...Objective To evaluate the outcomes of T3 a prostate cancer with unfavorable prognostic factors treated with permanent interstitial brachytherapy combined with external radiotherapy and hormone therapy.Methods From January 2003 to December 2008,38 patients classified as T3 a prostate cancer with unfavorable prognostic factors were treated with trimodality therapy(brachytherapy + external radiotherapy + hormone therapy).The prescription dose of brachytherapy and external radiotherapy were 110 Gy and 45 Gy,respectively.The duration of hormone therapy was 2-3 years.The endpoints of this study included biochemical failure-free survival(BFFS),distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS),cancer-specific survival(CSS),and overall survival(OS).Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.The Log-rank test was used to identify the prognostic predictors for univariate analysis.Results The median follow-up was 71 months.The serum pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen(PSA) level ranged from 10.0 to 99.8 ng/ml(mean 56.3 ng/ml),the Gleason score ranged from 5 to 9(median 8),and the percentage of positive biopsy cores ranged from 10% to 100%(mean 65%).The 5-year BFFS,DMFS,CSS,and OS rates were 44%,69%,82%,and 76%,respectively.All biochemical failures occurred within 40 months.The percentage of positive biopsy cores was significantly correlated with BFFS,DMFS,and OS(all P=0.000),and the Gleason score with DMFS(P=0.000) and OS(P=0.001).Conclusions T3 a prostate cancer with unfavorable prognostic factors presents not so optimistic outcome.Hormone therapy should be applied to prolong the biochemical progression-free or metastasis-free survival.The percentage of positive biopsy cores and the Gleason score are significant prognostic factors.展开更多
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare primary tumor rising from the pleura and is associated with exposure to asbestos fibers. Mesothelioma is a locally aggressive disease that usually presents at an advanced stage...Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare primary tumor rising from the pleura and is associated with exposure to asbestos fibers. Mesothelioma is a locally aggressive disease that usually presents at an advanced stage and has a median overall survival of 1 year. Treatment options rarely result in cure of disease and range from trimodality treatment, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, to supportive care. In patients with limited local disease and good functional status, trimodality treatment with extra-pleural pneumonectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation is frequently employed. Best supportive care should be instituted for patients with metastatic disease and poor functional status. Palliative therapy focuses on control of pleural effusions with drainage techniques and pain with radiation therapy. Novel therapies are showing promise, including photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy.展开更多
Objectives: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has a poor prognosis with a 5-year overall survival rate of 50%. Current guidelines recommend the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy ...Objectives: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has a poor prognosis with a 5-year overall survival rate of 50%. Current guidelines recommend the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy in these patients. However, its application remains limited and underutilized in clinical practice. This study aims to delineate, in real-life practice, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who received NAC and were subsequently candidates for cystectomy. Methods: This study is a retrospective observational analysis of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (stages T2-T4aN0M0 and T1-T4aN1M0) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to total cystectomy. The data, collected over a six-year period from 2018 to 2024, originates from Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital in Beirut. Various factors were analyzed, including age, sex, history of smoking, stage of disease at diagnosis, presence of carcinoma in situ (CIS), and any prior history of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment or T1 or Ta disease. Additionally, the study evaluates renal function prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), specifies the type and number of chemotherapy cycles administered, the pathological complete response (pCR) following cystectomy and calculate both overall survival and disease-free survival rates. Results: A total of 36 patients were analyzed, with a median age of 71.6 years. 77.7% were male, 22.2% were female, and 77.8% were smokers. 55.6% of the patients presented with de novo muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), 44.4% had a history of Ta or T1 stage tumors and 100% had urothelial histology and lower tract location. Among these 36 patients, 27.8% had received intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment, while 72.2% did not. 86.1% of patients had a creatinine clearance greater than 60, whereas 13.9% had a clearance below 60 but still above 50. At the time of diagnosis, 61.1% were at stage II, 13.9% were at stage IIIa, and 25.0% were at stage IIIb. All the patients received the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin with a median number of 3.9 cycles per patient. Out of the 36 patients, 5 experienced disease progression and did not undergo radical cystectomy, while another 5 opted for trimodal therapy (TMT) after evaluation by cystoscopy showing no residual lesion. The remaining 26 patients proceeded with radical cystectomy. Among these 26 cystectomized, 30.8% demonstrated a complete pathological response. During the follow-up period, 75% of these 36 patients did not experience disease progression, with a median disease-free survival of 9.5 months and a mean disease-free survival of 19.72 months. No deaths were recorded in this study, and overall survival data could not be determined. Conclusion: In our real-world experience, approximately one-third of patients who received gemcitabine and cisplatin NAC followed by radical cystectomy achieved a pathological complete response. Extended follow-up is necessary to assess long-term outcomes, including median overall survival. Future research should focus on investigating and comparing between triple modality therapy and cystectomy, both after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.展开更多
Applying the fluorescent carbon dots as smart materials in anticancer therapy is of great interest.However,carbon dots for multimodal synergistic anticancer therapy,especially for the triple modality,is rarely reporte...Applying the fluorescent carbon dots as smart materials in anticancer therapy is of great interest.However,carbon dots for multimodal synergistic anticancer therapy,especially for the triple modality,is rarely reported.Herein,we successfully synthesized OCDs by citric acid and(1R,2S)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethan-1-ol,which show aggregation-induced emission property and two-photon fluorescence imaging.Meanwhile,OCDs are ideal photosensitizers for photothermal therapy under 808 nm and TypeⅠphotodynamic therapy with white light.Hydroxyl radicals,generated by TypeⅠphotodynamic therapy based on OCDs can transform protumoral M2 macrophages into antitumoral M1 macrophages,which exhibited immunotherapy ability.The synergism trimodal of OCDs results in potent anticancer efficacy,showing great potential in cancer therapy.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the extrusion temperature effects on the development of heterogeneous microstructures and mechanical properties,focusing on their impact on the fracture toughness of AZ31B alloys.Magnesi...This study aims to investigate the extrusion temperature effects on the development of heterogeneous microstructures and mechanical properties,focusing on their impact on the fracture toughness of AZ31B alloys.Magnesium AZ31B(Mg-3wt%Al-1wt%Zn)alloys with high strength and reasonable fracture toughness,featuring heterogeneous microstructures,were fabricated via warm/hot extrusion at temperatures ranging from 523 to 723 K.The AZ31B alloy extruded at 523 K was bimodally grained into coarse worked grains with high Kernel average misorientation(KAM)values and fine dynamically recrystallized(DRXed)grains(<10μm)with intermediate KAM values.The 523 K-extruded alloy exhibited a high tensile yield strength of∼280 MPa and fracture toughness KJIC of∼26 MPa·m^(1/2).Conversely,the 723 K-extruded AZ31B alloy was trimodally grained into a small amount of worked grains,fine DRXed grains,and coarse DRXed grains(>10μm)with low KAM values.The 723 K-extruded alloy exhibited low tensile yield strength but a high KJIC value of∼36 MPa·m^(1/2)owing to the high energy dissipation for crack extension in the coarse DRXed grains.展开更多
Within the framework of an effective field approximation, the effects of single-ion anisotropy and different trimodal transverse fields of two sublattices on the critical properties of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Is...Within the framework of an effective field approximation, the effects of single-ion anisotropy and different trimodal transverse fields of two sublattices on the critical properties of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising system are investigated on the simple cubic lattice. A smaller single-lon anisotropy can magnify magnetic ordering phases and a larger one can depress magnetic ordering phase for T-Ω1/2 space at low temperatures, while a smaller single-ion anisotropy can hardly change the value of critical transverse field for T-Ω1 space. On the other hand, influences of two different trimodal transverse fields concentrations on tricritical points and magnetic ordering phases take on some interesting results in T-D space. The main reason comes from the common action of single-ion anisotropy, different transverse fields and two trimodal distributions.展开更多
This study of rainfall variation in the south region of Cameroon has as objective to evaluate the present climate trends in the south region using weather data from 1960 to 2010. To achieve this objective, daily and m...This study of rainfall variation in the south region of Cameroon has as objective to evaluate the present climate trends in the south region using weather data from 1960 to 2010. To achieve this objective, daily and monthly rainfall data were collected from the Ebolowa weather station. Results of this study show that generally, the south has an average of 1807 mm of rainfall in an average of 165 days. Two rainfall regimes were recognized, the bimodal with four seasons: two dry and two rainy seasons and occupies 88% of the region climatic system. The trimodal with six seasons three dry and three rainy seasons and occupies 22% of the region climatic system. Despite this seasonal repetition, rainfall is experienced in all the months of the year within the 50 years’ study period, with constant seasonal displacement and compensation within the seasons. Generally, there is a constant decrease in rainfall and number of days of rainfall but rainfall is decreasing faster than the number of days and the rainfall patterns are more or less irregular.展开更多
Here,evodiamine(EVO)and the photosensitizer indocyanine green(ICG)were integrated into a liposomal nanoplatform for noninvasive diagnostic imaging and combinatorial therapy against oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).E...Here,evodiamine(EVO)and the photosensitizer indocyanine green(ICG)were integrated into a liposomal nanoplatform for noninvasive diagnostic imaging and combinatorial therapy against oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).EVO,as an active component extracted from traditional Chinese medicine,not only functioned as an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent but was also capable of 68Ga-chelation,thus working as a contrast agent for positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)imaging.Moreover,EVO could exhibit peroxidase-like catalytic activity,converting endogenous tumor H2O2 into cytotoxic reactive oxygen species(ROS),enabling Chemo catalytic therapy beyond the well-known chemotherapy effect of EVO.As proven by in vitro and in vivo experiments,guided by optical imaging and PET/CT imaging,we show that the theragnostic liposomes have a significant inhibiting effect on in situ tongue tumor through photodynamic therapy combined with chemodynamic chemotherapy.展开更多
Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors,and it significantly impairs the overall anticancer efficacy,particularly photodynamic therapy(PDT).Herein,a catalase-like nanovesicle with near-infrared light-responsiveness,that...Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors,and it significantly impairs the overall anticancer efficacy,particularly photodynamic therapy(PDT).Herein,a catalase-like nanovesicle with near-infrared light-responsiveness,that is,platinum/gold nanoshell encapsulated chlorin e6(Ce6)/resveratrol(Res)liposome(Pt@Au-Ce6/Res-Lip),was developed to surmount this intractable issue.The Pt@Au-Ce6/Res-Lip can decompose overexpressed H_(2)O_(2)in tumor microenvironment to produce vast amounts of O_(2)for further enhancement of the PDT.Under the 808 nm laser irradiation,the Au nanoshells induced hyperthermia at the lesion site to ablate tumor cells,simultaneously inducing the controlled release of photosensitizer Ce6 and chemotherapeutic agent Res.Moreover,stimulated by 660 nm laser,numerous reactive oxygen species were formed to induce apoptosis and necrosis of tumor cells.With the cascade of trimodal therapeutic modality options(chemotherapy,photothermal therapy,and PDT),the Pt@Au-Ce6/Res-Lip showed ultrahigh tumor inhabitation rate in in vitro and in vivo studies,signifying that the Pt@AuCe6/Res-Lip nanovesicle is a promising candidate for effective cancer therapy.展开更多
Various molecular parameters of the resulting polymer, such as number and weight average degrees of polymerization and polydispersity index, were derived for the ionic polymerization with a three state mechanism. Nume...Various molecular parameters of the resulting polymer, such as number and weight average degrees of polymerization and polydispersity index, were derived for the ionic polymerization with a three state mechanism. Numerical calculation indicated that the molecular weight distribution of the resultant polymer is rather narrow at high monomer conversion even though the three coexisting species possess rather different reactivities, and that additional foreign counterions result in a narrower molecular weight distribution.展开更多
A separation membrane with low or clean energy costs is urgently required for energy-saving and long-term service since electric energy generated from burning non-renewable resources will gradually cause a burden to t...A separation membrane with low or clean energy costs is urgently required for energy-saving and long-term service since electric energy generated from burning non-renewable resources will gradually cause a burden to the environment.At present,the conventional membrane being used in one mode is critical for a variety of scenarios in real life,which suffers from a trade-off effect,short service life,being difficult to recycle after damage.Herein,we report a trimode purification membrane composed of an eco-friendly polycaprolactone(PCL)substrate and functional graphene dioxide/polyaniline(GO/PANI)particles.Due to the photothermal transfer and photocatalytic properties of GO/PANI blend,the composite membrane can absorb 97.44%solar energy to handle natural seawater or mixed wastewater,which achieves a high evaporation rate of 1.47 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)in solar-driven evaporation mode.For the photocatalytic adsorption-degradation mode,93.22%of organic dyes can be adsorbed and degraded after 12 h irradiation under 1 kW m^(-2).Moreover,electric-driven cross-flow filtration mode as a supplement also shows effective rejection over 99%for organic dyes with a high flux over 40 L m^(-2)h^(-1)bar^(-1).The combination of solar-driven evaporation,photocatalytic adsorption-degradation,and electric-driven cross-flow filtration demonstrates a prospective and sustainable strategy to generating clean water from sewages.展开更多
文摘Gastric and gastroesophageal junction(GEJ)cancers represent an aggressive group of malignancies with poor prognosis even when diagnosed in relatively early stage,with an increasing incidence both in Asia and in Western countries.These cancers are characterized by heterogeneity as a result of different pathogenetic mechanisms as shown in recent molecular analyses.Accordingly,the understanding of phenotypic and genotypic correlations/classifications has been improved.Current therapeutic strategies have also advanced and moved beyond surgical extirpation alone,with the incorporation of other treatment modalities,such as radiation and chemotherapy(including biologics).Chemoradiotherapy has been used as postoperative treatment after suboptimal gastrectomy to ensure local disease control but also improvement in survival.Preoperative chemoradiotherapy/chemotherapy has been employed to increase the chance of a successful R0 resection and pathologic complete response rate,which is associated with improved long-term outcomes.Several studies have defined various chemotherapy regimens to accompany radiation(before and after surgery).Recently,addition of immunotherapy after trimodality of gastroesophageal cancer has produced an advantage in disease-free interval.Targeted agents used in the metastatic setting are being investigated in the early setting with mixed results.The aim of this review is to summarize the existing data on trimodality approaches for gastric and GEJ cancers,highlight the remaining questions and present the current research effort addressing them.
文摘Malignant pleural mesothelioma （MPM） is a rare but rapidly deadly disease （1）. Macroscopic complete resection （MCR） is the goal of surgery （2）. MCR seems to have the most significant impact on survival in patients undergoing multimodality treatment for MPM. The role of surgical resection in the management of MPM remains controversial. The selection criterion to perform either extrapleural pneumonectomy （EPP） or extended/radical pleurectomy/ decortication （PD） rely not only on the cardio-pulmonary status of the patient, tumor stage and intraoperative findings but is strongly dependent also on surgeons＇ decision and philosophy. This is reflected by a recent survey of opinions and beliefs among 802 thoracic surgeons, in which EPP was believed to be more effective than PD （3）. Nonetheless, either surgery might achieve MCR.
文摘Objective:To systematically review the most recent scientific literature regarding modern strategies for organ preservation in the treatment of non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Methods:Literature search was made using PubMed,Google Scholar,EMBASE,Wiley Library,and ClinicalTrials.gov following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.The primary outcome was 5-year overall survival rate,which was addressed by a systematic review and meta-analysis.The risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation system.Results:The evidence is consistent in showing that 5-year survival of trimodality therapy is similar to radical cystectomy in selected patients,ranging between 29%and 73%.Patients undergoing bladder-sparing therapy were found to have better outcomes in terms of quality of life and sociability than those undergoing radical cystectomy.Immunotherapy is establishing itself as a strategy for organ-preservation treatment,showing complete response rates between 42%and 100%.However,most of these results have been obtained from ongoing clinical trials.Furthermore,there are still no studies comparing the efficacy among the different available therapies.Conclusion:Although radical cystectomy remains the gold standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer,its significant morbidity has prompted the exploration of alternative therapies.In this context,bladder preservation therapies,though supported by limited literature,emerge as a potential alternative that could offer comparable oncological outcomes in selected patients.
文摘Objective To evaluate the outcomes of T3 a prostate cancer with unfavorable prognostic factors treated with permanent interstitial brachytherapy combined with external radiotherapy and hormone therapy.Methods From January 2003 to December 2008,38 patients classified as T3 a prostate cancer with unfavorable prognostic factors were treated with trimodality therapy(brachytherapy + external radiotherapy + hormone therapy).The prescription dose of brachytherapy and external radiotherapy were 110 Gy and 45 Gy,respectively.The duration of hormone therapy was 2-3 years.The endpoints of this study included biochemical failure-free survival(BFFS),distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS),cancer-specific survival(CSS),and overall survival(OS).Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.The Log-rank test was used to identify the prognostic predictors for univariate analysis.Results The median follow-up was 71 months.The serum pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen(PSA) level ranged from 10.0 to 99.8 ng/ml(mean 56.3 ng/ml),the Gleason score ranged from 5 to 9(median 8),and the percentage of positive biopsy cores ranged from 10% to 100%(mean 65%).The 5-year BFFS,DMFS,CSS,and OS rates were 44%,69%,82%,and 76%,respectively.All biochemical failures occurred within 40 months.The percentage of positive biopsy cores was significantly correlated with BFFS,DMFS,and OS(all P=0.000),and the Gleason score with DMFS(P=0.000) and OS(P=0.001).Conclusions T3 a prostate cancer with unfavorable prognostic factors presents not so optimistic outcome.Hormone therapy should be applied to prolong the biochemical progression-free or metastasis-free survival.The percentage of positive biopsy cores and the Gleason score are significant prognostic factors.
文摘Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare primary tumor rising from the pleura and is associated with exposure to asbestos fibers. Mesothelioma is a locally aggressive disease that usually presents at an advanced stage and has a median overall survival of 1 year. Treatment options rarely result in cure of disease and range from trimodality treatment, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, to supportive care. In patients with limited local disease and good functional status, trimodality treatment with extra-pleural pneumonectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation is frequently employed. Best supportive care should be instituted for patients with metastatic disease and poor functional status. Palliative therapy focuses on control of pleural effusions with drainage techniques and pain with radiation therapy. Novel therapies are showing promise, including photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy.
文摘Objectives: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has a poor prognosis with a 5-year overall survival rate of 50%. Current guidelines recommend the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy in these patients. However, its application remains limited and underutilized in clinical practice. This study aims to delineate, in real-life practice, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who received NAC and were subsequently candidates for cystectomy. Methods: This study is a retrospective observational analysis of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (stages T2-T4aN0M0 and T1-T4aN1M0) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to total cystectomy. The data, collected over a six-year period from 2018 to 2024, originates from Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital in Beirut. Various factors were analyzed, including age, sex, history of smoking, stage of disease at diagnosis, presence of carcinoma in situ (CIS), and any prior history of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment or T1 or Ta disease. Additionally, the study evaluates renal function prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), specifies the type and number of chemotherapy cycles administered, the pathological complete response (pCR) following cystectomy and calculate both overall survival and disease-free survival rates. Results: A total of 36 patients were analyzed, with a median age of 71.6 years. 77.7% were male, 22.2% were female, and 77.8% were smokers. 55.6% of the patients presented with de novo muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), 44.4% had a history of Ta or T1 stage tumors and 100% had urothelial histology and lower tract location. Among these 36 patients, 27.8% had received intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment, while 72.2% did not. 86.1% of patients had a creatinine clearance greater than 60, whereas 13.9% had a clearance below 60 but still above 50. At the time of diagnosis, 61.1% were at stage II, 13.9% were at stage IIIa, and 25.0% were at stage IIIb. All the patients received the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin with a median number of 3.9 cycles per patient. Out of the 36 patients, 5 experienced disease progression and did not undergo radical cystectomy, while another 5 opted for trimodal therapy (TMT) after evaluation by cystoscopy showing no residual lesion. The remaining 26 patients proceeded with radical cystectomy. Among these 26 cystectomized, 30.8% demonstrated a complete pathological response. During the follow-up period, 75% of these 36 patients did not experience disease progression, with a median disease-free survival of 9.5 months and a mean disease-free survival of 19.72 months. No deaths were recorded in this study, and overall survival data could not be determined. Conclusion: In our real-world experience, approximately one-third of patients who received gemcitabine and cisplatin NAC followed by radical cystectomy achieved a pathological complete response. Extended follow-up is necessary to assess long-term outcomes, including median overall survival. Future research should focus on investigating and comparing between triple modality therapy and cystectomy, both after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21905021,U21A20308)Sichuan Science and Technology Support Program(Nos.2022NSFSC1269,2023NSF1977,2023NSFSC0637,2022ZYD0048,2021ZDYF3218,2021YFG0291,2021YFH0132)Sichuan Students’Platform for innovation and entrepreneurship training program(No.202210623013)。
文摘Applying the fluorescent carbon dots as smart materials in anticancer therapy is of great interest.However,carbon dots for multimodal synergistic anticancer therapy,especially for the triple modality,is rarely reported.Herein,we successfully synthesized OCDs by citric acid and(1R,2S)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethan-1-ol,which show aggregation-induced emission property and two-photon fluorescence imaging.Meanwhile,OCDs are ideal photosensitizers for photothermal therapy under 808 nm and TypeⅠphotodynamic therapy with white light.Hydroxyl radicals,generated by TypeⅠphotodynamic therapy based on OCDs can transform protumoral M2 macrophages into antitumoral M1 macrophages,which exhibited immunotherapy ability.The synergism trimodal of OCDs results in potent anticancer efficacy,showing great potential in cancer therapy.
基金supported by the JST CREST for Research Area“Nanomechanics”[JPMJCR2094]the AMADA Foundation[AF-2023044-C2].
文摘This study aims to investigate the extrusion temperature effects on the development of heterogeneous microstructures and mechanical properties,focusing on their impact on the fracture toughness of AZ31B alloys.Magnesium AZ31B(Mg-3wt%Al-1wt%Zn)alloys with high strength and reasonable fracture toughness,featuring heterogeneous microstructures,were fabricated via warm/hot extrusion at temperatures ranging from 523 to 723 K.The AZ31B alloy extruded at 523 K was bimodally grained into coarse worked grains with high Kernel average misorientation(KAM)values and fine dynamically recrystallized(DRXed)grains(<10μm)with intermediate KAM values.The 523 K-extruded alloy exhibited a high tensile yield strength of∼280 MPa and fracture toughness KJIC of∼26 MPa·m^(1/2).Conversely,the 723 K-extruded AZ31B alloy was trimodally grained into a small amount of worked grains,fine DRXed grains,and coarse DRXed grains(>10μm)with low KAM values.The 723 K-extruded alloy exhibited low tensile yield strength but a high KJIC value of∼36 MPa·m^(1/2)owing to the high energy dissipation for crack extension in the coarse DRXed grains.
基金The project supported partly by the Key Projects of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No. 03KJA140117 and the 0pen Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films under Grant No. K2022
文摘Within the framework of an effective field approximation, the effects of single-ion anisotropy and different trimodal transverse fields of two sublattices on the critical properties of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising system are investigated on the simple cubic lattice. A smaller single-lon anisotropy can magnify magnetic ordering phases and a larger one can depress magnetic ordering phase for T-Ω1/2 space at low temperatures, while a smaller single-ion anisotropy can hardly change the value of critical transverse field for T-Ω1 space. On the other hand, influences of two different trimodal transverse fields concentrations on tricritical points and magnetic ordering phases take on some interesting results in T-D space. The main reason comes from the common action of single-ion anisotropy, different transverse fields and two trimodal distributions.
文摘This study of rainfall variation in the south region of Cameroon has as objective to evaluate the present climate trends in the south region using weather data from 1960 to 2010. To achieve this objective, daily and monthly rainfall data were collected from the Ebolowa weather station. Results of this study show that generally, the south has an average of 1807 mm of rainfall in an average of 165 days. Two rainfall regimes were recognized, the bimodal with four seasons: two dry and two rainy seasons and occupies 88% of the region climatic system. The trimodal with six seasons three dry and three rainy seasons and occupies 22% of the region climatic system. Despite this seasonal repetition, rainfall is experienced in all the months of the year within the 50 years’ study period, with constant seasonal displacement and compensation within the seasons. Generally, there is a constant decrease in rainfall and number of days of rainfall but rainfall is decreasing faster than the number of days and the rainfall patterns are more or less irregular.
基金This work was supported by Jiangsu provincial natural science foundation(BK20180136,BK20180138,BK20191121)Project of invigorating health care through science,technology and education Jiangsu provincial medical youth talent(QNRC2016121)Nanjing clinical research center for oral diseases(NO.2019060009).
文摘Here,evodiamine(EVO)and the photosensitizer indocyanine green(ICG)were integrated into a liposomal nanoplatform for noninvasive diagnostic imaging and combinatorial therapy against oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).EVO,as an active component extracted from traditional Chinese medicine,not only functioned as an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent but was also capable of 68Ga-chelation,thus working as a contrast agent for positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)imaging.Moreover,EVO could exhibit peroxidase-like catalytic activity,converting endogenous tumor H2O2 into cytotoxic reactive oxygen species(ROS),enabling Chemo catalytic therapy beyond the well-known chemotherapy effect of EVO.As proven by in vitro and in vivo experiments,guided by optical imaging and PET/CT imaging,we show that the theragnostic liposomes have a significant inhibiting effect on in situ tongue tumor through photodynamic therapy combined with chemodynamic chemotherapy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation(21776238,21476190,and 31801198)Hebei province Natural fund key projects(B2019203479)。
文摘Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors,and it significantly impairs the overall anticancer efficacy,particularly photodynamic therapy(PDT).Herein,a catalase-like nanovesicle with near-infrared light-responsiveness,that is,platinum/gold nanoshell encapsulated chlorin e6(Ce6)/resveratrol(Res)liposome(Pt@Au-Ce6/Res-Lip),was developed to surmount this intractable issue.The Pt@Au-Ce6/Res-Lip can decompose overexpressed H_(2)O_(2)in tumor microenvironment to produce vast amounts of O_(2)for further enhancement of the PDT.Under the 808 nm laser irradiation,the Au nanoshells induced hyperthermia at the lesion site to ablate tumor cells,simultaneously inducing the controlled release of photosensitizer Ce6 and chemotherapeutic agent Res.Moreover,stimulated by 660 nm laser,numerous reactive oxygen species were formed to induce apoptosis and necrosis of tumor cells.With the cascade of trimodal therapeutic modality options(chemotherapy,photothermal therapy,and PDT),the Pt@Au-Ce6/Res-Lip showed ultrahigh tumor inhabitation rate in in vitro and in vivo studies,signifying that the Pt@AuCe6/Res-Lip nanovesicle is a promising candidate for effective cancer therapy.
文摘Various molecular parameters of the resulting polymer, such as number and weight average degrees of polymerization and polydispersity index, were derived for the ionic polymerization with a three state mechanism. Numerical calculation indicated that the molecular weight distribution of the resultant polymer is rather narrow at high monomer conversion even though the three coexisting species possess rather different reactivities, and that additional foreign counterions result in a narrower molecular weight distribution.
基金supported by the JSPS KAKENHI(Grant No.JP20H00288).
文摘A separation membrane with low or clean energy costs is urgently required for energy-saving and long-term service since electric energy generated from burning non-renewable resources will gradually cause a burden to the environment.At present,the conventional membrane being used in one mode is critical for a variety of scenarios in real life,which suffers from a trade-off effect,short service life,being difficult to recycle after damage.Herein,we report a trimode purification membrane composed of an eco-friendly polycaprolactone(PCL)substrate and functional graphene dioxide/polyaniline(GO/PANI)particles.Due to the photothermal transfer and photocatalytic properties of GO/PANI blend,the composite membrane can absorb 97.44%solar energy to handle natural seawater or mixed wastewater,which achieves a high evaporation rate of 1.47 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)in solar-driven evaporation mode.For the photocatalytic adsorption-degradation mode,93.22%of organic dyes can be adsorbed and degraded after 12 h irradiation under 1 kW m^(-2).Moreover,electric-driven cross-flow filtration mode as a supplement also shows effective rejection over 99%for organic dyes with a high flux over 40 L m^(-2)h^(-1)bar^(-1).The combination of solar-driven evaporation,photocatalytic adsorption-degradation,and electric-driven cross-flow filtration demonstrates a prospective and sustainable strategy to generating clean water from sewages.
