Chronic pollution in aquatic ecosystems can lead to many adverse effects,including a greater susceptibility to pathogens among resident biota.Trifloxystrobin(TFS)is a strobilurin fungicide widely used in Asia to contr...Chronic pollution in aquatic ecosystems can lead to many adverse effects,including a greater susceptibility to pathogens among resident biota.Trifloxystrobin(TFS)is a strobilurin fungicide widely used in Asia to control soybean rust.However,it has the potential to enter aquatic ecosystems,where it may impair fish resistance to viral infections.To explore the potential environmental risks of TFS,we characterized the antiviral capacities of fish chronically exposed to TFS and subsequently infected with spring viraemia of carp virus(SVCV).Although TFS exhibited no significant cytotoxicity at the tested environmental concentrations during viral challenge,SVCV replication increased significantly in a time-dependent manner within epithelioma papulosum cyprini(EPC)cells and zebrafish exposed to 25μg/L TFS.Results showed that the highest viral load was more than 100-fold that of the controls.Intracellular biochemical assays indicated that autophagy was induced by TFS,and associated changes included an increase in autophagosomes,conversion of LC3-II,accumulation of Beclin-1,and degradation of P62 in EPC cells and zebrafish.In addition,TFS markedly decreased the expression and phosphorylation of mTOR,indicating that activation of TFS may be associated with the mTORmediated autophagy pathway.This study provides new insights into the mechanism of the immunosuppressive effects of TFS on non-target aquatic hosts and suggests that the existence of TFS in aquatic environments may contribute to outbreaks of viral diseases.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to confirm the best application period and frequency of 75% trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole WG against rice blast and rice sheath blight. [ Method] Influences of different dosages and dif...[ Objective] The paper was to confirm the best application period and frequency of 75% trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole WG against rice blast and rice sheath blight. [ Method] Influences of different dosages and different application periods of 75% trifloxystrobin · tebuconazole WG on control effects against rice blast and rice sheath blight, as well as their effects on rice yields were studied in the paper. [Result] The control effects of three different fungicides application treatments against rice sheath blight were 80.24%, 83.0% and 67.99%, and the control effects against rice blast were 56.4%, 49.11% and 61.1%, respective- ly. Advanced application of fungicide for two times had good prevention effect against rice sheath blight ; properly delayed application of fungicides for two times was conducive to improving the control effect against rice blast, and one time application of sufficient fungicide during middle booting stage had higher control effect than application for two times. Effective panicle number per unit area, total grain number, 1 000-grain weight and moisture content of various fungicide application treat- ments did not have significant difference with those of the treatments without fungicide application, but grain number per panicle in treatments applied with fungicide was higher than the treatment without application. [ Conclusion] 75% Trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole WG has better control effect on rice blast and sheath blight, which helps to promote the formation of rice grain and increases yield significantly. The fungicide application against rice sheath blight should be appropriately ad- vanced, and application for one time against panicle blast after middle booting stage is helpful to improve the control effect.展开更多
[目的]筛选适用于草莓白粉病防治的复配药剂,指导田间科学合理施药。[方法]采用盆栽法对苯醚甲环唑和肟菌酯及其不同复配组合进行增效测定,喷雾法测定复配药剂对草莓的安全性及防效试验。[结果]苯醚甲环唑和肟菌酯在配比为1∶1时,对草...[目的]筛选适用于草莓白粉病防治的复配药剂,指导田间科学合理施药。[方法]采用盆栽法对苯醚甲环唑和肟菌酯及其不同复配组合进行增效测定,喷雾法测定复配药剂对草莓的安全性及防效试验。[结果]苯醚甲环唑和肟菌酯在配比为1∶1时,对草莓白粉病菌增效作用最为显著。试验结果表明:40%苯甲·肟菌酯悬浮剂120、180 g a.i./hm^(2)时,对草莓白粉病有较好的防治效果;处理剂量180、360、720 g a.i./hm^(2)时,对草莓安全,无明显药害症状出现。[结论]苯甲·肟菌酯可应用于田间防治草莓白粉病,为避免抗药性的产生,建议与其他类型杀菌剂交替使用。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902410)Program of State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products(KF20200106)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY21C190002)Foundation of Ningbo City of China(202003N4120)。
文摘Chronic pollution in aquatic ecosystems can lead to many adverse effects,including a greater susceptibility to pathogens among resident biota.Trifloxystrobin(TFS)is a strobilurin fungicide widely used in Asia to control soybean rust.However,it has the potential to enter aquatic ecosystems,where it may impair fish resistance to viral infections.To explore the potential environmental risks of TFS,we characterized the antiviral capacities of fish chronically exposed to TFS and subsequently infected with spring viraemia of carp virus(SVCV).Although TFS exhibited no significant cytotoxicity at the tested environmental concentrations during viral challenge,SVCV replication increased significantly in a time-dependent manner within epithelioma papulosum cyprini(EPC)cells and zebrafish exposed to 25μg/L TFS.Results showed that the highest viral load was more than 100-fold that of the controls.Intracellular biochemical assays indicated that autophagy was induced by TFS,and associated changes included an increase in autophagosomes,conversion of LC3-II,accumulation of Beclin-1,and degradation of P62 in EPC cells and zebrafish.In addition,TFS markedly decreased the expression and phosphorylation of mTOR,indicating that activation of TFS may be associated with the mTORmediated autophagy pathway.This study provides new insights into the mechanism of the immunosuppressive effects of TFS on non-target aquatic hosts and suggests that the existence of TFS in aquatic environments may contribute to outbreaks of viral diseases.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Projects （2012BAD19B03）.
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to confirm the best application period and frequency of 75% trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole WG against rice blast and rice sheath blight. [ Method] Influences of different dosages and different application periods of 75% trifloxystrobin · tebuconazole WG on control effects against rice blast and rice sheath blight, as well as their effects on rice yields were studied in the paper. [Result] The control effects of three different fungicides application treatments against rice sheath blight were 80.24%, 83.0% and 67.99%, and the control effects against rice blast were 56.4%, 49.11% and 61.1%, respective- ly. Advanced application of fungicide for two times had good prevention effect against rice sheath blight ; properly delayed application of fungicides for two times was conducive to improving the control effect against rice blast, and one time application of sufficient fungicide during middle booting stage had higher control effect than application for two times. Effective panicle number per unit area, total grain number, 1 000-grain weight and moisture content of various fungicide application treat- ments did not have significant difference with those of the treatments without fungicide application, but grain number per panicle in treatments applied with fungicide was higher than the treatment without application. [ Conclusion] 75% Trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole WG has better control effect on rice blast and sheath blight, which helps to promote the formation of rice grain and increases yield significantly. The fungicide application against rice sheath blight should be appropriately ad- vanced, and application for one time against panicle blast after middle booting stage is helpful to improve the control effect.
文摘[目的]筛选适用于草莓白粉病防治的复配药剂,指导田间科学合理施药。[方法]采用盆栽法对苯醚甲环唑和肟菌酯及其不同复配组合进行增效测定,喷雾法测定复配药剂对草莓的安全性及防效试验。[结果]苯醚甲环唑和肟菌酯在配比为1∶1时,对草莓白粉病菌增效作用最为显著。试验结果表明:40%苯甲·肟菌酯悬浮剂120、180 g a.i./hm^(2)时,对草莓白粉病有较好的防治效果;处理剂量180、360、720 g a.i./hm^(2)时,对草莓安全,无明显药害症状出现。[结论]苯甲·肟菌酯可应用于田间防治草莓白粉病,为避免抗药性的产生,建议与其他类型杀菌剂交替使用。
