Tree-ring width(RW),density,elemental com-position,and stable carbon and oxygen isotope(δ^(13)C,δ^(18)O)are widely used as proxies to assess climate change,ecology,and environmental pollution;however,a specific pret...Tree-ring width(RW),density,elemental com-position,and stable carbon and oxygen isotope(δ^(13)C,δ^(18)O)are widely used as proxies to assess climate change,ecology,and environmental pollution;however,a specific pretreat-ment has been needed for each proxy.Here,we developed a method by which each proxy can be measured in the same sample.First,the sample is polished for ring width meas-urement.After obtaining the ring width data,the sample is cut to form a 1-mm-thick wood plate.The sample is then mounted in a vertical sample holder,and gradually scanned by an X-ray beam.Simultaneously,the count rates of the fluorescent photons of elements(for chemical characteriza-tion)and a radiographic grayscale image(for wood density)are obtained,i.e.the density and the element content are obtained.Then,cellulose is isolated from the 1-mm wood plate by removal of lignin,and hemicellulose.After producing this cellulose plate,cellulose subsamples are separated by knife under the microscope for inter-annual and intra-annual stable carbon and oxygen isotope(δ^(13)C,δ^(18)O)analysis.Based on this method,RW,density,elemental composition,δ^(13)C,and δ^(18)O can be measured from the same sample,which reduces sample amount and treatment time,and is helpful for multi-proxy comparison and combination research.展开更多
Tree-ring standardized chronologies are developed by 78 cores collected from the eastern and western Helan Mountain. Statistical analysis shows that both the STD and RES chronologies correlate negatively with the temp...Tree-ring standardized chronologies are developed by 78 cores collected from the eastern and western Helan Mountain. Statistical analysis shows that both the STD and RES chronologies correlate negatively with the temperature of different periods of early half year, especially with January to August mean （JA） temperature, which means that JA temperature is one of the predominant limiting factors of tree growth in the Helan Mountain. Based on this analysis, we reconstructed JA temperature, and the explained variance is 43.3% （F=21.422, p〈0.001 ）. The comparatively high temperature periods in the reconstruction were： 1805-1818 1828-1857, 1899-1907, 1919-1931 and 1968-1995; and the comparatively low temperatu re periods happened in 1858-1872, 1883-1895 and 1935-1953. Ten-year moving average curve shows three slow uplifting trends： 1766-1853, 1862-1931 and 1944-1995. Each temperature increase was followed by a sudden temperature decrease about 10 years, that is to say, the JA temperature in the Helan Mountain is characterized by slow increase and sudden decrease. The 70- and 10.77-year periodicities detected in the temperature series correspond to the Gleissberg （80-year） and Schwabe （11-year） periodicities of solar activity respectively, the 2.11-2.62 years cycles are considered to be influenced by QBO （Quasi-Biennial-Oscillation） and the local environmental change.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the correlation between the tree-ring width of Pinus tabulaeformis and the climate factors in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia, a conversion equation between the annual precipitation a...Based on the analysis of the correlation between the tree-ring width of Pinus tabulaeformis and the climate factors in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia, a conversion equation between the annual precipitation and the tree-ring width since 1899 was reconstructed. The results of cross verification indicated that the conversion equation is stable and the reconstructed results are reliable. The result of reconstructed annual precipitation showed the remarkable fluctuation of precipitation and dry-to-wet variation before the 1940s. The smaller fluctuation and high frequent changes of precipitation occurred during the period of 1940s-1980s and after the 1980s the change trend of the precipitation became high periodic extent and low frequent. The study found that there were some coincidences with the climate change in Changling Mountains, Helan Mountains and the east of Qilian Mountains. The relatively dry periods in the beginning of 20th century, 1920s to 1930s, the end of the 20th century and 2004 to 2006 in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia accelerated the desertification, while the relatively humid period during the periods of the 1910s-1920s, 1930s-1940s and 1990s is favorable to prevent and control the desertification, and to weaken the climate warming and drying. The periods of annual precipitation variation in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia since 1899 are approximately 2-4 years, 5-7 years and 10 years.展开更多
Regional tree-ring width chronology of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was constructed from 8 sites in the forest-steppe belt situated in the foothills of the Selenga River basin, Russia. Moisture information con...Regional tree-ring width chronology of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was constructed from 8 sites in the forest-steppe belt situated in the foothills of the Selenga River basin, Russia. Moisture information contained in tree-ring width chronology was obtained through linear regression reconstruction models of annual August–July precipitation and annual water discharge of the Selenga River during the period 1767–2015. Comparison of the smoothed series allowed estimating long-term variation component of these moisture regime parameters with a high precision. At the same time, regional drought indices are less correlated with pine radial growth, because they have contribution of the other environmental variables, which are much less reflected in the tree-ring of the investigated pine forest stands. Reconstructed dynamic of the moisture regime parameters is supported by documental evident of many socially significant events in the regional history, such as crop failures caused by both droughts and floods, and catastrophic fire in the Irkutsk City in 1879. Also, dependence of the amount of precipitation in the study area on the atmospheric circulation in Central Asia is revealed to have a similar pattern with other regions, i.e., a negative relationship of precipitation with the development of large high atmospheric pressure area within its center in the Altai and Tianshan mountains.展开更多
August-June precipitation has been reconstructed back to AD 1720 for the northern Greater Higgnan Mountains, China, by use ofPinus sylvestris var. mongolica tree-ring width. The reconstruction explains the variance of...August-June precipitation has been reconstructed back to AD 1720 for the northern Greater Higgnan Mountains, China, by use ofPinus sylvestris var. mongolica tree-ring width. The reconstruction explains the variance of 39% in observed precipitation from 1973 to 2008. Some extremely dry/wet signals in historical documents and other precipitation reconstructions in previous studies are precisely captured in our reconstruction. Wet periods occurred during the periods of 1730 to 1746, 1789 to 1812, 1844 to 1903, 1920 to 1930, 1942 to 1961, and 1985 to 1998; while periods of 1747 to 1788, 1813 to 1843, 1904 to 1919, 1931 to 1941, and 1962 to 1984 were relatively dry. Power spectral and wavelet analyses demon- strated the existence of significant 24-year, 12-year, and 2-year cycles of variability.展开更多
The physiological response mechanisms of trees to climate change are complex,particularly across varying elevations and among different tree species.In this study,we collected tree ring samples from two dominant conif...The physiological response mechanisms of trees to climate change are complex,particularly across varying elevations and among different tree species.In this study,we collected tree ring samples from two dominant conifer species(Picea crassifolia and Pinus tabuliformis)at three elevations at the edge of the Tengger Desert.We used tree-ring width(TRW)and tree ring oxygen isotopes(δ^(18)O_(TR))to investigate how species and elevations affect their responses to climate change.Pearson’s correlation analysis and relative importance analysis were used to study the specific response processes of the two conifers to climate.The results showed that the TRW was mainly controlled by Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)during the growing season,which means that drought stress had the greatest effect on it.Andδ^(18)O_(TR)mainly responded to summer relative humidity.Both TRW andδ^(18)O_(TR)of P.crassifolia showed higher sensitivity to climate change.This sensitivity is largely attributed to the rapid uptake of precipitation by its developed shallow-rooted root system,which allows it to retain the precipitation signal in both TRW andδ^(18)O_(TR).However,P.crassifolia may be more susceptible to drought stress and growth decline or even death in the context of a warming region.Our results are important for understanding the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems using multiple indicators and developing corresponding ecological conservation measures.展开更多
Using five well-replicated Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) tree-ring width index se- ries, monthly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of grassland, and climatic data from 1982 to 2001, the relation...Using five well-replicated Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) tree-ring width index se- ries, monthly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of grassland, and climatic data from 1982 to 2001, the relationships between tree-ring width index, NDVI of grassland, and climatic data were analyzed firstly. Then, the relationship between tree-ring width index and NDVI of grassland was explored. The re- sults showed that: (1) Temperature and precipitation in June influenced tree-ring width index and NDVI of grassland deeply in Delingha. (2) There were sig- nificant relationships between five tree-ring width index series (DLH1-DLH5) and monthly NDVI of grassland from June to September, with the most significant relationship being between tree-ring width index series and NDVI of grassland in August. (3) The PC1 (the first principal component derived from DLH1-DLH5 series) exhibited good agreement with monthly NDVI of grassland in the grass growth sea- son (from June to September) and the averaged NDVI in the growth season, which was attributed to their common responses to water-supply limit in Delingha. This study may allow an increase in studying the past dynamics of grassland in Delingha in that the variation of grassland NDVI during the last millennium has been reconstructed from PC1.展开更多
By comparing the long-term tree-ring growths at various geographic scales, we can make clear the effects of environmental variations on tree growth, and get an understanding of the responses of forest ecosystems to th...By comparing the long-term tree-ring growths at various geographic scales, we can make clear the effects of environmental variations on tree growth, and get an understanding of the responses of forest ecosystems to the possible changes in global and regional climate. Radial tree-ring growth of Picea schrenkiana and its relationship to air temperature and precipitation were investigated across longi- tude transects on the north slopes of the Tianshan Mountains in northwestern China. Tree-ring samples were collected and residual chronologies were developed for three different regions along a gradient of decreasing precipitation from west to east. Response-function analysis was conducted to quantify the relationships between tree-ring chronologies and climate variables, such as monthly mean temperature and monthly precipitation from 1961 to 1998, using the PRECON software program. The statistical characteristics of the chronologies showed that the three chronologies constructed in this study con- tained significant environmental signals and were well suitable to reveal the impacts of climatic change on tree growth and forest productivity. Annual ring-width variations were similar among the three sites, but the variability was greatest in the east. This research showed that the growth trends of Picea schrenkiana in the Tianshan Mountains have not followed a uniform pattern. Response-function analy- sis indicated that there were significant correlations between tree growth and climatic factors in all the three regions, among which precipitation was the principal. With decreasing precipitation, the response of tree-ring widths to increasing temperature changed from a positive to a negative correlation. As for precipitation, the positive relationship to tree-ring width always dominates. It could be expected that with increased temperature and decreased precipitation, the importance of precipitation to tree growth would increase, and the response of tree growth to environmental changes would also increase. This study emphasizes the importance of regional-scale investigations into the biosphere-climate interac- tions. The results of this research indicated a substantial increment of tree-ring radial growth as a re- sult of warmer and wetter climate in the eastern regions. However, climate change will have less effect on forest growth and primary production in the western regions.展开更多
The tree ring has been regarded as an emerging archive to reconstruct historical atmospheric mercury(Hg)trends,but with the large knowledge gaps in the reliability.In this study,we comprehensively evaluated the Hg sou...The tree ring has been regarded as an emerging archive to reconstruct historical atmospheric mercury(Hg)trends,but with the large knowledge gaps in the reliability.In this study,we comprehensively evaluated the Hg source,radial translocation and age effect of Masson pine(Pinus massoniana)tree ring at Mt.Jinyun in Chongqing,to assess the suitability of such tree ring as the archive of atmospheric Hg.Results showed that distinct variabilities among Masson pine tree-ring Hg concentration profiles.The Hg concentration significantly increased along with stem height(P<0.05),indicating the Hg in tree rings mainly derived from foliage uptake atmospheric Hg.We found a distinct age effect that the tree ring of young trees had the higher Hg concentration.Besides,we used the advection-diffusion model to demonstrate how Hg concentration shifted by the advection or/and diffusion in tree rings.The modeling results showed that the advection induced radial translocation during the young growth period of tree was a plausible mechanism to result in the tree-ring Hg record largely different from the trend of anthropogenic Hg emissions in Chongqing.We finally suggest that in further Hg dendrochemistry,better discarding the tree-ring Hg profile of the young growth period to reduce impacts of the radial translocation and age effect.展开更多
Annual tree rings are widely recognized as valuable tools for quantifying and reconstructing historical forest disturbances.However,the influence of climate can complicate the detection of disturbance signals,leading ...Annual tree rings are widely recognized as valuable tools for quantifying and reconstructing historical forest disturbances.However,the influence of climate can complicate the detection of disturbance signals,leading to limited accuracy in existing methods.In this study,we propose a random under-sampling boosting(RUB)classifier that integrates both tree-ring and climate variables to enhance the detection of forest insect outbreaks.The study focused on 32 sites in Alberta,Canada,which documented insect outbreaks from 1939 to 2010.Through thorough feature engineering,model development,and tenfold cross-validation,multiple machine learning(ML)models were constructed.These models used ring width indices(RWIs)and climate variables within an 11-year window as input features,with outbreak and non-outbreak occurrences as the corresponding output variables.Our results reveal that the RUB model consistently demonstrated superior overall performance and stability,with an accuracy of 88.1%,which surpassed that of the other ML models.In addition,the relative importance of the feature variables followed the order RWIs>mean maximum temperature(Tmax)from May to July>mean total precipita-tion(Pmean)in July>mean minimum temperature(Tmin)in October.More importantly,the dfoliatR(an R package for detecting insect defoliation)and curve intervention detec-tion methods were inferior to the RUB model.Our findings underscore that integrating tree-ring width and climate vari-ables as predictors in machine learning offers a promising avenue for enhancing the accuracy of detecting forest insect outbreaks.展开更多
BACKGROUND Red blood cell distribution width(RDW)is associated with the development and progression of various diseases.AIM To explore the association between pretreatment RDW and short-term outcomes after laparoscopi...BACKGROUND Red blood cell distribution width(RDW)is associated with the development and progression of various diseases.AIM To explore the association between pretreatment RDW and short-term outcomes after laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy(LPD).METHODS A total of 804 consecutive patients who underwent LPD at our hospital between March 2017 and November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Correlations between pretreatment RDW and clinicopathological characteristics and short-term outcomes were investigated.RESULTS Patients with higher pretreatment RDW were older,had higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores and were associated with poorer short-term outcomes than those with normal RDW.High pretreatment RDW was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications(POCs)(hazard ratio=2.973,95%confidence interval:2.032-4.350,P<0.001)and severe POCs of grade IIIa or higher(hazard ratio=3.138,95%confidence interval:2.042-4.824,P<0.001)based on the Clavien-Dino classification system.Subgroup analysis showed that high pretreatment RDW was an independent risk factor for Clavien-Dino classi-fication grade IIIb or higher POCs,a comprehensive complication index score≥26.2,severe postoperative pancreatic fistula,severe bile leakage and severe hemorrhage.High pretreatment RDW was positively associated with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and was negatively associated with albumin and the prognostic nutritional index.CONCLUSION Pretreatment RDW was a special parameter for patients who underwent LPD.It was associated with malnutrition,severe inflammatory status and poorer short-term outcomes.RDW could be a surrogate marker for nutritional and inflammatory status in identifying patients who were at high risk of developing POCs after LPD.展开更多
The minimal widths of three bounded subsets of the unit sphere associated to a unit vector in a normed linear space are studied,and three related geometric constants are introduced.New characterizations of inner produ...The minimal widths of three bounded subsets of the unit sphere associated to a unit vector in a normed linear space are studied,and three related geometric constants are introduced.New characterizations of inner product spaces are also presented.From the perspective of minimal width,strongε-symmetry of Birkhoff orthogonality is introduced,and its relation toε-symmetry of Birkhoff orthogonality is shown.Unlike most of the existing parameters of the underlying space,these new constants are full dimensional in nature.展开更多
Intracranial aneurysm(IA)is a prevalent cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates upon rupture.The hemodynamics of IA,which are significantly influenced by geometric parameters,direct...Intracranial aneurysm(IA)is a prevalent cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates upon rupture.The hemodynamics of IA,which are significantly influenced by geometric parameters,directly impact its rupture.This study focuses on investigating the transient flow characteristics in saccular IA models fabricated using a water droplet-based method,specifically examining the influence of neck widths.Particle image velocimetry technique and numerical simulation were employed to investigate the dynamic evolution of flow structures within three IA models.The results reveal that neck width(W)has a substantial effect on flow characteristics in the neck region,subsequently impacting the deep flow inside the sac.Three distinct patterns were observed during flow evolution inside the sac:for W=2 mm,two vortices occur and then disappear with relatively low average flow velocity;for W=4 mm,enhanced effects of a high-speed jet result in periodic pulsatile flow velocity distribution while maintaining stable vortex core position;for W=6 mm,significant changes in flow velocity occur due to size expansion and intensity increase of vortices.These findings demonstrate that neck widths play a complex role in influencing transient flow characteristics within IAs.Overall,this research contributes to further understanding transient flow behaviors in IAs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF)after liver resection is one of the main complications causing postoperative death in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is crucial to help clinicians identif...BACKGROUND Post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF)after liver resection is one of the main complications causing postoperative death in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is crucial to help clinicians identify potential high-risk PHLF patients as early as possible through preoperative evaluation.AIM To identify risk factors for PHLF and develop a prediction model.METHODS This study included 248 patients with HCC at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University between January 2014 and December 2023;these patients were divided into a training group(n=164)and a validation group(n=84)via random sampling.The independent variables for the occurrence of PHLF were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses and visualized as nomograms.Ultimately,comparisons were made with traditional models via receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,calibration curves,and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS In this study,portal vein width[odds ratio(OR)=1.603,95%CI:1.288-1.994,P≤0.001],the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)(OR=1.495,95%CI:1.126-1.984,P=0.005),and the albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score(OR=8.868,95%CI:2.144-36.678,P=0.003)were independent risk factors for PHLF.A nomogram prediction model was developed using these factors.ROC and DCA analyses revealed that the predictive efficacy and clinical value of this model were better than those of traditional models.CONCLUSION A new Nomogram model for predicting PHLF in HCC patients was successfully established based on portal vein width,the NLR,and the ALBI score,which outperforms the traditional model.展开更多
BACKGROUND As red blood cell distribution width(RDW)and albumin have been shown to be independent predictors of mortality from various diseases,this study aimed to investigate the effect of the RDW to albumin ratio(RA...BACKGROUND As red blood cell distribution width(RDW)and albumin have been shown to be independent predictors of mortality from various diseases,this study aimed to investigate the effect of the RDW to albumin ratio(RA)as an independent predictor of the prognosis of patients admitted to the coronary care unit(CCU).AIM To use the RDW and albumin level to predict the prognosis of patients in the CCU.METHODS Data were obtained from the Medical Information Mart Intensive Care III database.The primary outcome was 365-day all-cause mortality,whereas the secondary outcomes were 30-and 90-day all-cause mortality,hospital length of stay(LOS),and CCU LOS.Cox proportional hazards regression model,propen-sity score matching,and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used.RESULTS The hazard ratio(95%confidence interval)of the upper tertile(RA>4.66)was 1.62(1.29 to 2.03)when compared with the reference(RA<3.84)in 365-day all-cause mortality.This trend persisted after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables in the propensity score-matching analysis.Similar trends were observed for the secondary outcomes of hospital and CCU LOS.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed by combining the RA and sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)scores,and the C-statistic was higher than that of the SOFA scores(0.733 vs 0.702,P<0.001).CONCLUSION RA is an independent prognostic factor in patients admitted to the CCU.RA combined with the SOFA score can improve the predictive ability of the SOFA score.However,our results should be verified in future prospective studies.展开更多
Accurate prediction of strip width is a key factor related to the quality of hot rolling manufacture.Firstly,based on strip width formation mechanism model within strip rolling process,an improved width mechanism calc...Accurate prediction of strip width is a key factor related to the quality of hot rolling manufacture.Firstly,based on strip width formation mechanism model within strip rolling process,an improved width mechanism calculation model is delineated for the optimization of process parameters via the particle swarm optimization algorithm.Subsequently,a hybrid strip width prediction model is proposed by effectively combining the respective advantages of the improved mechanism model and the data-driven model.In acknowledgment of prerequisite for positive error in strip width prediction,an adaptive width error compensation algorithm is proposed.Finally,comparative simulation experiments are designed on the actual rolling dataset after completing data cleaning and feature engineering.The experimental results show that the hybrid prediction model proposed has superior precision and robustness compared with the improved mechanism model and the other eight common data-driven models and satisfies the needs of practical applications.Moreover,the hybrid model can realize the complementary advantages of the mechanism model and the data-driven model,effectively alleviating the problems of difficult to improve the accuracy of the mechanism model and poor interpretability of the data-driven model,which bears significant practical implications for the research of strip width control.展开更多
To cater the need for real-time crack monitoring of infrastructural facilities,a CNN-regression model is proposed to directly estimate the crack properties from patches.RGB crack images and their corresponding masks o...To cater the need for real-time crack monitoring of infrastructural facilities,a CNN-regression model is proposed to directly estimate the crack properties from patches.RGB crack images and their corresponding masks obtained from a public dataset are cropped into patches of 256 square pixels that are classified with a pre-trained deep convolution neural network,the true positives are segmented,and crack properties are extracted using two different methods.The first method is primarily based on active contour models and level-set segmentation and the second method consists of the domain adaptation of a mathematical morphology-based method known as FIL-FINDER.A statistical test has been performed for the comparison of the stated methods and a database prepared with the more suitable method.An advanced convolution neural network-based multi-output regression model has been proposed which was trained with the prepared database and validated with the held-out dataset for the prediction of crack-length,crack-width,and width-uncertainty directly from input image patches.The pro-posed model has been tested on crack patches collected from different locations.Huber loss has been used to ensure the robustness of the proposed model selected from a set of 288 different variations of it.Additionally,an ablation study has been conducted on the top 3 models that demonstrated the influence of each network component on the pre-diction results.Finally,the best performing model HHc-X among the top 3 has been proposed that predicted crack properties which are in close agreement to the ground truths in the test data.展开更多
A self-pulsed Tm:GdScO_(3)laser was experimentally demonstrated by using a compact linear resonant cavity.When the pump power was 19.6 W,an average output power of 1771 m W was achieved from the self-pulsed Tm:GdScO_(...A self-pulsed Tm:GdScO_(3)laser was experimentally demonstrated by using a compact linear resonant cavity.When the pump power was 19.6 W,an average output power of 1771 m W was achieved from the self-pulsed Tm:GdScO_(3)laser with a pulse width of 158.1 ns and a pulse repetition frequency of 112.8 kHz,corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 9.0%.Moreover,a single pulse energy of 15.7μJ and a pulse peak power of 99.3 W were acquired from the self-pulsed Tm:GdScO_(3)laser.This is,as we know,the first time that the self-pulsed laser output at 2-μm waveband range was obtained by utilizing a Tm:GdScO_(3)crystal so far.展开更多
BACKGROUND The hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio(HRR)is a recently intro-duced,easily accessible marker that provides insights into inflammation and the tumor vascular microenvironment.It has been sugges...BACKGROUND The hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio(HRR)is a recently intro-duced,easily accessible marker that provides insights into inflammation and the tumor vascular microenvironment.It has been suggested to have prognostic value for overall survival in various types of cancer,including urothelial carcinoma,lung cancer,and hepatocellular carcinoma.It has not yet been sufficiently invest-igated in colorectal cancers(CRC).AIM To investigate the prognostic significance of the HRR and other inflammation-based hematological markers in patients with metastatic CRC.Additionally,the study evaluated the impact of surgical interventions,particularly metastasectomy,and multiple clinical and laboratory parameters on overall survival.By iden-tifying low-cost,accessible prognostic indicators,this research seeks to support clinicians in optimizing treatment strategies and risk stratification for patients with CRC.METHODS In this retrospective study,patients diagnosed with CRC between January 2020 and December 2024 were analyzed.The impact of HRR in conjunction with inflammatory markers and a total of 22 different clinical and laboratory para-meters on overall survival were evaluated using univariate Cox regression and a multivariate model.Survival curves were visualized using Kaplan-Meier analysis.RESULTS A total of 155 patients with CRC were included in the study.The median age was 60 years,and 61.9%presented with de novo metastasis.In the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve analysis performed to determine the optimal cutoff,the values were found to be 6.10 for carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)(P=0.036),18.85 for platelet-to-red cell distribution width ratio(P=0.028),and 10.87 for platelet distribution width-to-lymphocyte ratio(P=0.028).For neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio,HRR,and carbohydrate antigen 19-9,an optimal cutoff could not be determined using the receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve analysis.Therefore,the median values were adopted as the cutoffs(3.09,835.96,177.50,0.380,0.824,and 21.6,respectively).Univariate analysis identified male gender(P=0.045),being under 65 years of age(P=0.001),history of metastas-ectomy(P=0.001),low serum CEA level(P=0.010),low PLR(P=0.024),low SII(P=0.010),and high HRR(P=0.025)as favorable prognostic factors for overall survival.In the multivariate model,being under 65 years of age[hazard ratio(HR)=1.59,95%confidence interval(CI):1.06-2.39,P=0.025],metastasectomy(HR=0.49,95%CI:0.29-0.85,P=0.011),CEA(HR=1.51,95%CI:1.0-2.28,P=0.048),and PLR(HR=1.63,95%CI:1.09-2.44,P=0.018)emerged as independent prognostic factors for overall survival,whereas gender,SII,and HRR did not retain statistical significance.CONCLUSION In conclusion,low HRR alone was a prognostic indicator.However,when modelled with other inflammatory and clinical parameters,it did not provide a sufficiently strong marker feature.展开更多
基金supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42022059,41888101)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China (Grant No.XDB26020000)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics (CAS Grant IGGCAS-201905)the CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team (JCTD-2021-05).
文摘Tree-ring width(RW),density,elemental com-position,and stable carbon and oxygen isotope(δ^(13)C,δ^(18)O)are widely used as proxies to assess climate change,ecology,and environmental pollution;however,a specific pretreat-ment has been needed for each proxy.Here,we developed a method by which each proxy can be measured in the same sample.First,the sample is polished for ring width meas-urement.After obtaining the ring width data,the sample is cut to form a 1-mm-thick wood plate.The sample is then mounted in a vertical sample holder,and gradually scanned by an X-ray beam.Simultaneously,the count rates of the fluorescent photons of elements(for chemical characteriza-tion)and a radiographic grayscale image(for wood density)are obtained,i.e.the density and the element content are obtained.Then,cellulose is isolated from the 1-mm wood plate by removal of lignin,and hemicellulose.After producing this cellulose plate,cellulose subsamples are separated by knife under the microscope for inter-annual and intra-annual stable carbon and oxygen isotope(δ^(13)C,δ^(18)O)analysis.Based on this method,RW,density,elemental composition,δ^(13)C,and δ^(18)O can be measured from the same sample,which reduces sample amount and treatment time,and is helpful for multi-proxy comparison and combination research.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40525004 No.40599420+2 种基金 No.90211081 No.40531003 No.40121303
文摘Tree-ring standardized chronologies are developed by 78 cores collected from the eastern and western Helan Mountain. Statistical analysis shows that both the STD and RES chronologies correlate negatively with the temperature of different periods of early half year, especially with January to August mean （JA） temperature, which means that JA temperature is one of the predominant limiting factors of tree growth in the Helan Mountain. Based on this analysis, we reconstructed JA temperature, and the explained variance is 43.3% （F=21.422, p〈0.001 ）. The comparatively high temperature periods in the reconstruction were： 1805-1818 1828-1857, 1899-1907, 1919-1931 and 1968-1995; and the comparatively low temperatu re periods happened in 1858-1872, 1883-1895 and 1935-1953. Ten-year moving average curve shows three slow uplifting trends： 1766-1853, 1862-1931 and 1944-1995. Each temperature increase was followed by a sudden temperature decrease about 10 years, that is to say, the JA temperature in the Helan Mountain is characterized by slow increase and sudden decrease. The 70- and 10.77-year periodicities detected in the temperature series correspond to the Gleissberg （80-year） and Schwabe （11-year） periodicities of solar activity respectively, the 2.11-2.62 years cycles are considered to be influenced by QBO （Quasi-Biennial-Oscillation） and the local environmental change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40801004, 40671184)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20070027019)
文摘Based on the analysis of the correlation between the tree-ring width of Pinus tabulaeformis and the climate factors in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia, a conversion equation between the annual precipitation and the tree-ring width since 1899 was reconstructed. The results of cross verification indicated that the conversion equation is stable and the reconstructed results are reliable. The result of reconstructed annual precipitation showed the remarkable fluctuation of precipitation and dry-to-wet variation before the 1940s. The smaller fluctuation and high frequent changes of precipitation occurred during the period of 1940s-1980s and after the 1980s the change trend of the precipitation became high periodic extent and low frequent. The study found that there were some coincidences with the climate change in Changling Mountains, Helan Mountains and the east of Qilian Mountains. The relatively dry periods in the beginning of 20th century, 1920s to 1930s, the end of the 20th century and 2004 to 2006 in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia accelerated the desertification, while the relatively humid period during the periods of the 1910s-1920s, 1930s-1940s and 1990s is favorable to prevent and control the desertification, and to weaken the climate warming and drying. The periods of annual precipitation variation in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia since 1899 are approximately 2-4 years, 5-7 years and 10 years.
基金funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (17-04-00315)the Russian Science Foundation (14-14-00219)
文摘Regional tree-ring width chronology of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was constructed from 8 sites in the forest-steppe belt situated in the foothills of the Selenga River basin, Russia. Moisture information contained in tree-ring width chronology was obtained through linear regression reconstruction models of annual August–July precipitation and annual water discharge of the Selenga River during the period 1767–2015. Comparison of the smoothed series allowed estimating long-term variation component of these moisture regime parameters with a high precision. At the same time, regional drought indices are less correlated with pine radial growth, because they have contribution of the other environmental variables, which are much less reflected in the tree-ring of the investigated pine forest stands. Reconstructed dynamic of the moisture regime parameters is supported by documental evident of many socially significant events in the regional history, such as crop failures caused by both droughts and floods, and catastrophic fire in the Irkutsk City in 1879. Also, dependence of the amount of precipitation in the study area on the atmospheric circulation in Central Asia is revealed to have a similar pattern with other regions, i.e., a negative relationship of precipitation with the development of large high atmospheric pressure area within its center in the Altai and Tianshan mountains.
基金supported by the Climate Change Special Project of China Meteorological Administration (CCSF201438)the Meteorology Public Welfare Industry Research Special Project (GYHY201106013-3 and GYHY200806011)the Basic Research Operating Expenses of the Central-level Public Welfare Research Institutes (IDM201204)
文摘August-June precipitation has been reconstructed back to AD 1720 for the northern Greater Higgnan Mountains, China, by use ofPinus sylvestris var. mongolica tree-ring width. The reconstruction explains the variance of 39% in observed precipitation from 1973 to 2008. Some extremely dry/wet signals in historical documents and other precipitation reconstructions in previous studies are precisely captured in our reconstruction. Wet periods occurred during the periods of 1730 to 1746, 1789 to 1812, 1844 to 1903, 1920 to 1930, 1942 to 1961, and 1985 to 1998; while periods of 1747 to 1788, 1813 to 1843, 1904 to 1919, 1931 to 1941, and 1962 to 1984 were relatively dry. Power spectral and wavelet analyses demon- strated the existence of significant 24-year, 12-year, and 2-year cycles of variability.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.42371038)Basic Research Innovation Group Project of Gansu Province(no.22JR5RA129)the 2022 Major Scientific Research Project Cultivation Plan of Northwest Normal University(NWNU-LKZD2022-04).
文摘The physiological response mechanisms of trees to climate change are complex,particularly across varying elevations and among different tree species.In this study,we collected tree ring samples from two dominant conifer species(Picea crassifolia and Pinus tabuliformis)at three elevations at the edge of the Tengger Desert.We used tree-ring width(TRW)and tree ring oxygen isotopes(δ^(18)O_(TR))to investigate how species and elevations affect their responses to climate change.Pearson’s correlation analysis and relative importance analysis were used to study the specific response processes of the two conifers to climate.The results showed that the TRW was mainly controlled by Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)during the growing season,which means that drought stress had the greatest effect on it.Andδ^(18)O_(TR)mainly responded to summer relative humidity.Both TRW andδ^(18)O_(TR)of P.crassifolia showed higher sensitivity to climate change.This sensitivity is largely attributed to the rapid uptake of precipitation by its developed shallow-rooted root system,which allows it to retain the precipitation signal in both TRW andδ^(18)O_(TR).However,P.crassifolia may be more susceptible to drought stress and growth decline or even death in the context of a warming region.Our results are important for understanding the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems using multiple indicators and developing corresponding ecological conservation measures.
基金This work Was supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 40331006） the Key Project of Knowledge Innovation of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences （Grant No. CXI0G-E01-05 -02）.
文摘Using five well-replicated Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) tree-ring width index se- ries, monthly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of grassland, and climatic data from 1982 to 2001, the relationships between tree-ring width index, NDVI of grassland, and climatic data were analyzed firstly. Then, the relationship between tree-ring width index and NDVI of grassland was explored. The re- sults showed that: (1) Temperature and precipitation in June influenced tree-ring width index and NDVI of grassland deeply in Delingha. (2) There were sig- nificant relationships between five tree-ring width index series (DLH1-DLH5) and monthly NDVI of grassland from June to September, with the most significant relationship being between tree-ring width index series and NDVI of grassland in August. (3) The PC1 (the first principal component derived from DLH1-DLH5 series) exhibited good agreement with monthly NDVI of grassland in the grass growth sea- son (from June to September) and the averaged NDVI in the growth season, which was attributed to their common responses to water-supply limit in Delingha. This study may allow an increase in studying the past dynamics of grassland in Delingha in that the variation of grassland NDVI during the last millennium has been reconstructed from PC1.
基金Supported by Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX1-10-05) Key Program from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90102009)
文摘By comparing the long-term tree-ring growths at various geographic scales, we can make clear the effects of environmental variations on tree growth, and get an understanding of the responses of forest ecosystems to the possible changes in global and regional climate. Radial tree-ring growth of Picea schrenkiana and its relationship to air temperature and precipitation were investigated across longi- tude transects on the north slopes of the Tianshan Mountains in northwestern China. Tree-ring samples were collected and residual chronologies were developed for three different regions along a gradient of decreasing precipitation from west to east. Response-function analysis was conducted to quantify the relationships between tree-ring chronologies and climate variables, such as monthly mean temperature and monthly precipitation from 1961 to 1998, using the PRECON software program. The statistical characteristics of the chronologies showed that the three chronologies constructed in this study con- tained significant environmental signals and were well suitable to reveal the impacts of climatic change on tree growth and forest productivity. Annual ring-width variations were similar among the three sites, but the variability was greatest in the east. This research showed that the growth trends of Picea schrenkiana in the Tianshan Mountains have not followed a uniform pattern. Response-function analy- sis indicated that there were significant correlations between tree growth and climatic factors in all the three regions, among which precipitation was the principal. With decreasing precipitation, the response of tree-ring widths to increasing temperature changed from a positive to a negative correlation. As for precipitation, the positive relationship to tree-ring width always dominates. It could be expected that with increased temperature and decreased precipitation, the importance of precipitation to tree growth would increase, and the response of tree growth to environmental changes would also increase. This study emphasizes the importance of regional-scale investigations into the biosphere-climate interac- tions. The results of this research indicated a substantial increment of tree-ring radial growth as a re- sult of warmer and wetter climate in the eastern regions. However, climate change will have less effect on forest growth and primary production in the western regions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0063)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41977272)。
文摘The tree ring has been regarded as an emerging archive to reconstruct historical atmospheric mercury(Hg)trends,but with the large knowledge gaps in the reliability.In this study,we comprehensively evaluated the Hg source,radial translocation and age effect of Masson pine(Pinus massoniana)tree ring at Mt.Jinyun in Chongqing,to assess the suitability of such tree ring as the archive of atmospheric Hg.Results showed that distinct variabilities among Masson pine tree-ring Hg concentration profiles.The Hg concentration significantly increased along with stem height(P<0.05),indicating the Hg in tree rings mainly derived from foliage uptake atmospheric Hg.We found a distinct age effect that the tree ring of young trees had the higher Hg concentration.Besides,we used the advection-diffusion model to demonstrate how Hg concentration shifted by the advection or/and diffusion in tree rings.The modeling results showed that the advection induced radial translocation during the young growth period of tree was a plausible mechanism to result in the tree-ring Hg record largely different from the trend of anthropogenic Hg emissions in Chongqing.We finally suggest that in further Hg dendrochemistry,better discarding the tree-ring Hg profile of the young growth period to reduce impacts of the radial translocation and age effect.
基金supported by the Xinjiang Regional Collaborative Innovation Project(2022E01045)Zhejiang University(108000*1942222R1).
文摘Annual tree rings are widely recognized as valuable tools for quantifying and reconstructing historical forest disturbances.However,the influence of climate can complicate the detection of disturbance signals,leading to limited accuracy in existing methods.In this study,we propose a random under-sampling boosting(RUB)classifier that integrates both tree-ring and climate variables to enhance the detection of forest insect outbreaks.The study focused on 32 sites in Alberta,Canada,which documented insect outbreaks from 1939 to 2010.Through thorough feature engineering,model development,and tenfold cross-validation,multiple machine learning(ML)models were constructed.These models used ring width indices(RWIs)and climate variables within an 11-year window as input features,with outbreak and non-outbreak occurrences as the corresponding output variables.Our results reveal that the RUB model consistently demonstrated superior overall performance and stability,with an accuracy of 88.1%,which surpassed that of the other ML models.In addition,the relative importance of the feature variables followed the order RWIs>mean maximum temperature(Tmax)from May to July>mean total precipita-tion(Pmean)in July>mean minimum temperature(Tmin)in October.More importantly,the dfoliatR(an R package for detecting insect defoliation)and curve intervention detec-tion methods were inferior to the RUB model.Our findings underscore that integrating tree-ring width and climate vari-ables as predictors in machine learning offers a promising avenue for enhancing the accuracy of detecting forest insect outbreaks.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81302124.
文摘BACKGROUND Red blood cell distribution width(RDW)is associated with the development and progression of various diseases.AIM To explore the association between pretreatment RDW and short-term outcomes after laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy(LPD).METHODS A total of 804 consecutive patients who underwent LPD at our hospital between March 2017 and November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Correlations between pretreatment RDW and clinicopathological characteristics and short-term outcomes were investigated.RESULTS Patients with higher pretreatment RDW were older,had higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores and were associated with poorer short-term outcomes than those with normal RDW.High pretreatment RDW was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications(POCs)(hazard ratio=2.973,95%confidence interval:2.032-4.350,P<0.001)and severe POCs of grade IIIa or higher(hazard ratio=3.138,95%confidence interval:2.042-4.824,P<0.001)based on the Clavien-Dino classification system.Subgroup analysis showed that high pretreatment RDW was an independent risk factor for Clavien-Dino classi-fication grade IIIb or higher POCs,a comprehensive complication index score≥26.2,severe postoperative pancreatic fistula,severe bile leakage and severe hemorrhage.High pretreatment RDW was positively associated with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and was negatively associated with albumin and the prognostic nutritional index.CONCLUSION Pretreatment RDW was a special parameter for patients who underwent LPD.It was associated with malnutrition,severe inflammatory status and poorer short-term outcomes.RDW could be a surrogate marker for nutritional and inflammatory status in identifying patients who were at high risk of developing POCs after LPD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12071444,12201581)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province of China(202103021223191).
文摘The minimal widths of three bounded subsets of the unit sphere associated to a unit vector in a normed linear space are studied,and three related geometric constants are introduced.New characterizations of inner product spaces are also presented.From the perspective of minimal width,strongε-symmetry of Birkhoff orthogonality is introduced,and its relation toε-symmetry of Birkhoff orthogonality is shown.Unlike most of the existing parameters of the underlying space,these new constants are full dimensional in nature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172017 and 11872083)Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(Grant Nos.KZ202210005006 and KZ202110005007).
文摘Intracranial aneurysm(IA)is a prevalent cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates upon rupture.The hemodynamics of IA,which are significantly influenced by geometric parameters,directly impact its rupture.This study focuses on investigating the transient flow characteristics in saccular IA models fabricated using a water droplet-based method,specifically examining the influence of neck widths.Particle image velocimetry technique and numerical simulation were employed to investigate the dynamic evolution of flow structures within three IA models.The results reveal that neck width(W)has a substantial effect on flow characteristics in the neck region,subsequently impacting the deep flow inside the sac.Three distinct patterns were observed during flow evolution inside the sac:for W=2 mm,two vortices occur and then disappear with relatively low average flow velocity;for W=4 mm,enhanced effects of a high-speed jet result in periodic pulsatile flow velocity distribution while maintaining stable vortex core position;for W=6 mm,significant changes in flow velocity occur due to size expansion and intensity increase of vortices.These findings demonstrate that neck widths play a complex role in influencing transient flow characteristics within IAs.Overall,this research contributes to further understanding transient flow behaviors in IAs.
基金Supported by Shaanxi Provincial Social Development Fund,No.2024SF-YBXM-140.
文摘BACKGROUND Post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF)after liver resection is one of the main complications causing postoperative death in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is crucial to help clinicians identify potential high-risk PHLF patients as early as possible through preoperative evaluation.AIM To identify risk factors for PHLF and develop a prediction model.METHODS This study included 248 patients with HCC at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University between January 2014 and December 2023;these patients were divided into a training group(n=164)and a validation group(n=84)via random sampling.The independent variables for the occurrence of PHLF were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses and visualized as nomograms.Ultimately,comparisons were made with traditional models via receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,calibration curves,and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS In this study,portal vein width[odds ratio(OR)=1.603,95%CI:1.288-1.994,P≤0.001],the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)(OR=1.495,95%CI:1.126-1.984,P=0.005),and the albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score(OR=8.868,95%CI:2.144-36.678,P=0.003)were independent risk factors for PHLF.A nomogram prediction model was developed using these factors.ROC and DCA analyses revealed that the predictive efficacy and clinical value of this model were better than those of traditional models.CONCLUSION A new Nomogram model for predicting PHLF in HCC patients was successfully established based on portal vein width,the NLR,and the ALBI score,which outperforms the traditional model.
文摘BACKGROUND As red blood cell distribution width(RDW)and albumin have been shown to be independent predictors of mortality from various diseases,this study aimed to investigate the effect of the RDW to albumin ratio(RA)as an independent predictor of the prognosis of patients admitted to the coronary care unit(CCU).AIM To use the RDW and albumin level to predict the prognosis of patients in the CCU.METHODS Data were obtained from the Medical Information Mart Intensive Care III database.The primary outcome was 365-day all-cause mortality,whereas the secondary outcomes were 30-and 90-day all-cause mortality,hospital length of stay(LOS),and CCU LOS.Cox proportional hazards regression model,propen-sity score matching,and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used.RESULTS The hazard ratio(95%confidence interval)of the upper tertile(RA>4.66)was 1.62(1.29 to 2.03)when compared with the reference(RA<3.84)in 365-day all-cause mortality.This trend persisted after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables in the propensity score-matching analysis.Similar trends were observed for the secondary outcomes of hospital and CCU LOS.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed by combining the RA and sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)scores,and the C-statistic was higher than that of the SOFA scores(0.733 vs 0.702,P<0.001).CONCLUSION RA is an independent prognostic factor in patients admitted to the CCU.RA combined with the SOFA score can improve the predictive ability of the SOFA score.However,our results should be verified in future prospective studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62273234)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2022GY-306)Technology Innovation Leading Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2022QFY01-16).
文摘Accurate prediction of strip width is a key factor related to the quality of hot rolling manufacture.Firstly,based on strip width formation mechanism model within strip rolling process,an improved width mechanism calculation model is delineated for the optimization of process parameters via the particle swarm optimization algorithm.Subsequently,a hybrid strip width prediction model is proposed by effectively combining the respective advantages of the improved mechanism model and the data-driven model.In acknowledgment of prerequisite for positive error in strip width prediction,an adaptive width error compensation algorithm is proposed.Finally,comparative simulation experiments are designed on the actual rolling dataset after completing data cleaning and feature engineering.The experimental results show that the hybrid prediction model proposed has superior precision and robustness compared with the improved mechanism model and the other eight common data-driven models and satisfies the needs of practical applications.Moreover,the hybrid model can realize the complementary advantages of the mechanism model and the data-driven model,effectively alleviating the problems of difficult to improve the accuracy of the mechanism model and poor interpretability of the data-driven model,which bears significant practical implications for the research of strip width control.
文摘To cater the need for real-time crack monitoring of infrastructural facilities,a CNN-regression model is proposed to directly estimate the crack properties from patches.RGB crack images and their corresponding masks obtained from a public dataset are cropped into patches of 256 square pixels that are classified with a pre-trained deep convolution neural network,the true positives are segmented,and crack properties are extracted using two different methods.The first method is primarily based on active contour models and level-set segmentation and the second method consists of the domain adaptation of a mathematical morphology-based method known as FIL-FINDER.A statistical test has been performed for the comparison of the stated methods and a database prepared with the more suitable method.An advanced convolution neural network-based multi-output regression model has been proposed which was trained with the prepared database and validated with the held-out dataset for the prediction of crack-length,crack-width,and width-uncertainty directly from input image patches.The pro-posed model has been tested on crack patches collected from different locations.Huber loss has been used to ensure the robustness of the proposed model selected from a set of 288 different variations of it.Additionally,an ablation study has been conducted on the top 3 models that demonstrated the influence of each network component on the pre-diction results.Finally,the best performing model HHc-X among the top 3 has been proposed that predicted crack properties which are in close agreement to the ground truths in the test data.
基金Project supported by the Key Research and Development Plan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(Grant Nos.2022B01040 and 2022B01040-2)the Key Project of Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZD2021F002)。
文摘A self-pulsed Tm:GdScO_(3)laser was experimentally demonstrated by using a compact linear resonant cavity.When the pump power was 19.6 W,an average output power of 1771 m W was achieved from the self-pulsed Tm:GdScO_(3)laser with a pulse width of 158.1 ns and a pulse repetition frequency of 112.8 kHz,corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 9.0%.Moreover,a single pulse energy of 15.7μJ and a pulse peak power of 99.3 W were acquired from the self-pulsed Tm:GdScO_(3)laser.This is,as we know,the first time that the self-pulsed laser output at 2-μm waveband range was obtained by utilizing a Tm:GdScO_(3)crystal so far.
文摘BACKGROUND The hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio(HRR)is a recently intro-duced,easily accessible marker that provides insights into inflammation and the tumor vascular microenvironment.It has been suggested to have prognostic value for overall survival in various types of cancer,including urothelial carcinoma,lung cancer,and hepatocellular carcinoma.It has not yet been sufficiently invest-igated in colorectal cancers(CRC).AIM To investigate the prognostic significance of the HRR and other inflammation-based hematological markers in patients with metastatic CRC.Additionally,the study evaluated the impact of surgical interventions,particularly metastasectomy,and multiple clinical and laboratory parameters on overall survival.By iden-tifying low-cost,accessible prognostic indicators,this research seeks to support clinicians in optimizing treatment strategies and risk stratification for patients with CRC.METHODS In this retrospective study,patients diagnosed with CRC between January 2020 and December 2024 were analyzed.The impact of HRR in conjunction with inflammatory markers and a total of 22 different clinical and laboratory para-meters on overall survival were evaluated using univariate Cox regression and a multivariate model.Survival curves were visualized using Kaplan-Meier analysis.RESULTS A total of 155 patients with CRC were included in the study.The median age was 60 years,and 61.9%presented with de novo metastasis.In the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve analysis performed to determine the optimal cutoff,the values were found to be 6.10 for carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)(P=0.036),18.85 for platelet-to-red cell distribution width ratio(P=0.028),and 10.87 for platelet distribution width-to-lymphocyte ratio(P=0.028).For neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio,HRR,and carbohydrate antigen 19-9,an optimal cutoff could not be determined using the receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve analysis.Therefore,the median values were adopted as the cutoffs(3.09,835.96,177.50,0.380,0.824,and 21.6,respectively).Univariate analysis identified male gender(P=0.045),being under 65 years of age(P=0.001),history of metastas-ectomy(P=0.001),low serum CEA level(P=0.010),low PLR(P=0.024),low SII(P=0.010),and high HRR(P=0.025)as favorable prognostic factors for overall survival.In the multivariate model,being under 65 years of age[hazard ratio(HR)=1.59,95%confidence interval(CI):1.06-2.39,P=0.025],metastasectomy(HR=0.49,95%CI:0.29-0.85,P=0.011),CEA(HR=1.51,95%CI:1.0-2.28,P=0.048),and PLR(HR=1.63,95%CI:1.09-2.44,P=0.018)emerged as independent prognostic factors for overall survival,whereas gender,SII,and HRR did not retain statistical significance.CONCLUSION In conclusion,low HRR alone was a prognostic indicator.However,when modelled with other inflammatory and clinical parameters,it did not provide a sufficiently strong marker feature.
