Vertical tire forces are essential for vehicle modelling and dynamic control.However,an evaluation of the vertical tire forces on a multi-axle truck is difficult to accomplish.The current methods require a large amoun...Vertical tire forces are essential for vehicle modelling and dynamic control.However,an evaluation of the vertical tire forces on a multi-axle truck is difficult to accomplish.The current methods require a large amount of experimental data and many sensors owing to the wide variation of the parameters and the over-constraint.To simplify the design process and reduce the demand of the sensors,this paper presents a practical approach to estimating the vertical tire forces of a multi-axle truck for dynamic control.The estimation system is based on a novel vertical force model and a proposed adaptive treble extend Kalman filter(ATEKF).To adapt to the widely varying parameters,a sliding mode update is designed to make the ATEKF adaptive,and together with the use of an initial setting update and a vertical tire force adjustment,the overall system becomes more robust.In particular,the model aims to eliminate the effects of the over-constraint and the uneven weight distribution.The results show that the ATEKF method achieves an excellent performance in a vertical force evaluation,and its performance is better than that of the treble extend Kalman filter.展开更多
In musical instruments, the geometric design and material features of the instrument are the most important factors that determine the sound characteristics of the instrument. Traditional replication and experiment-ba...In musical instruments, the geometric design and material features of the instrument are the most important factors that determine the sound characteristics of the instrument. Traditional replication and experiment-based handcrafting methods are predominant in the production of Turkish Folk Music wind instruments. The instrument manufacturing and standardization approaches, which include the relevant rules of physics and engineering practices, are limited purely to prototype studies for scientific research purposes. It is almost impossible to find studies on Turkish Folk Music wind instrument design and production involving computer aided design and engineering applications. In this study, an example Turkish woodwind instrument, the Turkish Treble Recorder (dilli kaval) is considered, and the air flow behaviour and acoustic (sound) power magnitudes that occur at different air flow rates are simulated in a computer environment using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation technique. In the study, numerical and visual outputs related to air behaviour at different air flow rates that may be used in the instrument manufacturing phases were obtained. Acoustic power level was also measured experimentally. Simulation outputs (the acoustic power level) were compared to experimental results in order to validate the simulation results. The comparison revealed that the highest relative difference was calculated as 13.32(%). This value indicated that the simulation results were reasonably consistent with the results of the experimental measurement. Additionally, this study was constructed as a case study that may provide reference for future research studies in this field.展开更多
Objective:Accurate and rapid detection of disease biomarkers is critical for early diagnosis,timely intervention,and effective disease management.Impact Statement:This strategy is exemplified through the development o...Objective:Accurate and rapid detection of disease biomarkers is critical for early diagnosis,timely intervention,and effective disease management.Impact Statement:This strategy is exemplified through the development of 2 biosensors for detecting HIV-1 DNA and HIV-1 p24,biomarkers associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS).Introduction:We propose a general biosensing strategy that leverages a treble signal amplification cascade,demonstrating its versatility and applicability across diverse biomolecular targets.Methods:The method integrates multiple amplification mechanisms to achieve unparalleled sensitivity.Initially,the hybridization of 2 aided probes with the target triggers isothermal amplification facilitated by polymerase and nicking enzyme,providing a robust preliminary signal enhancement.Repeated cycles of primer extension,nicking,and signal primer dissociation then generate multiple signal primers.These primers are further amplified via rolling circle amplification(RCA),resulting in an important secondary signal boost.Finally,the amplified products activate CRISPRCas12a-mediated trans-cleavage,achieving a tertiary level of signal enhancement.Results:This cascade amplification approach achieves remarkable sensitivity,with detection limits of 62 aM for nucleic acids and 8.48 pg/ml for proteins,positioning it as a broadly applicable framework.Clinical samples were assayed,which indicates its capability in clinical diagnosis.Conclusion:Beyond HIV detection,the modular design of this strategy allows adaptation for various biomarkers,showcasing its potential as a universal platform for molecular diagnostics in healthcare and research.展开更多
基金Supported by Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(Grant No.2019A1515110763).
文摘Vertical tire forces are essential for vehicle modelling and dynamic control.However,an evaluation of the vertical tire forces on a multi-axle truck is difficult to accomplish.The current methods require a large amount of experimental data and many sensors owing to the wide variation of the parameters and the over-constraint.To simplify the design process and reduce the demand of the sensors,this paper presents a practical approach to estimating the vertical tire forces of a multi-axle truck for dynamic control.The estimation system is based on a novel vertical force model and a proposed adaptive treble extend Kalman filter(ATEKF).To adapt to the widely varying parameters,a sliding mode update is designed to make the ATEKF adaptive,and together with the use of an initial setting update and a vertical tire force adjustment,the overall system becomes more robust.In particular,the model aims to eliminate the effects of the over-constraint and the uneven weight distribution.The results show that the ATEKF method achieves an excellent performance in a vertical force evaluation,and its performance is better than that of the treble extend Kalman filter.
文摘In musical instruments, the geometric design and material features of the instrument are the most important factors that determine the sound characteristics of the instrument. Traditional replication and experiment-based handcrafting methods are predominant in the production of Turkish Folk Music wind instruments. The instrument manufacturing and standardization approaches, which include the relevant rules of physics and engineering practices, are limited purely to prototype studies for scientific research purposes. It is almost impossible to find studies on Turkish Folk Music wind instrument design and production involving computer aided design and engineering applications. In this study, an example Turkish woodwind instrument, the Turkish Treble Recorder (dilli kaval) is considered, and the air flow behaviour and acoustic (sound) power magnitudes that occur at different air flow rates are simulated in a computer environment using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation technique. In the study, numerical and visual outputs related to air behaviour at different air flow rates that may be used in the instrument manufacturing phases were obtained. Acoustic power level was also measured experimentally. Simulation outputs (the acoustic power level) were compared to experimental results in order to validate the simulation results. The comparison revealed that the highest relative difference was calculated as 13.32(%). This value indicated that the simulation results were reasonably consistent with the results of the experimental measurement. Additionally, this study was constructed as a case study that may provide reference for future research studies in this field.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,“333 Highlevel Talents Training Project of Jiangsu Province.”
文摘Objective:Accurate and rapid detection of disease biomarkers is critical for early diagnosis,timely intervention,and effective disease management.Impact Statement:This strategy is exemplified through the development of 2 biosensors for detecting HIV-1 DNA and HIV-1 p24,biomarkers associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS).Introduction:We propose a general biosensing strategy that leverages a treble signal amplification cascade,demonstrating its versatility and applicability across diverse biomolecular targets.Methods:The method integrates multiple amplification mechanisms to achieve unparalleled sensitivity.Initially,the hybridization of 2 aided probes with the target triggers isothermal amplification facilitated by polymerase and nicking enzyme,providing a robust preliminary signal enhancement.Repeated cycles of primer extension,nicking,and signal primer dissociation then generate multiple signal primers.These primers are further amplified via rolling circle amplification(RCA),resulting in an important secondary signal boost.Finally,the amplified products activate CRISPRCas12a-mediated trans-cleavage,achieving a tertiary level of signal enhancement.Results:This cascade amplification approach achieves remarkable sensitivity,with detection limits of 62 aM for nucleic acids and 8.48 pg/ml for proteins,positioning it as a broadly applicable framework.Clinical samples were assayed,which indicates its capability in clinical diagnosis.Conclusion:Beyond HIV detection,the modular design of this strategy allows adaptation for various biomarkers,showcasing its potential as a universal platform for molecular diagnostics in healthcare and research.
