Recently,large-scale trapped ion systems have been realized in experiments for quantum simulation and quantum computation.They are the simplest systems for dynamical stability and parametric resonance.In this model,th...Recently,large-scale trapped ion systems have been realized in experiments for quantum simulation and quantum computation.They are the simplest systems for dynamical stability and parametric resonance.In this model,the Mathieu equation plays the most fundamental role for us to understand the stability and instability of a single ion.In this work,we investigate the dynamics of trapped ions with the Coulomb interaction based on the Hamiltonian equation.We show that the many-body interaction will not influence the phase diagram for instability.Then,the dynamics of this model in the large damping limit will also be analytically calculated using few trapped ions.Furthermore,we find that in the presence of modulation,synchronization dynamics can be observed,showing an exchange of velocities between distant ions on the left side and on the right side of the trap.These dynamics resemble that of the exchange of velocities in Newton's cradle for the collision of balls at the same time.These dynamics are independent of their initial conditions and the number of ions.As a unique feature of the interacting Mathieu equation,we hope this behavior,which leads to a quasi-periodic solution,can be measured in current experimental systems.Finally,we have also discussed the effect of anharmonic trapping potential,showing the desynchronization during the collision process.It is hoped that the dynamics in this many-body Mathieu equation with damping may find applications in quantum simulations.This model may also find interesting applications in dynamics systems as a pure mathematical problem,which may be beyond the results in the Floquet theorem.展开更多
Trapped ion hardware has made significant progress recently and is now one of the leading platforms for quantum computing.To construct two-qubit gates in trapped ions,experimentalmanipulation approaches for ion chains...Trapped ion hardware has made significant progress recently and is now one of the leading platforms for quantum computing.To construct two-qubit gates in trapped ions,experimentalmanipulation approaches for ion chains are becoming increasingly prevalent.Given the restricted control technology,how implementing high-fidelity quantum gate operations is crucial.Many works in current pulse design optimization focus on ion–phonon and effective ion–ion couplings while ignoring the first-order derivative terms expansion impacts of these two terms brought on by experiment defects.This paper proposes a novel robust quantum control optimization method in trapped ions.By introducing the first-order derivative terms caused by the error into the optimization cost function,we generate an extremely robust Mølmer–Sørensen gate with infidelity below 10^(−3) under a drift noise range of±10 kHz,the relative robustness achieves a tolerance of±5%,compared to the 200-kHz frequency spacing between phonon modes,and for time noise drift,the tolerance reached to 2%.Our work reveals the vital role of the first-order derivative terms of coupling in trapped ion pulse control optimization,especially the first-order derivative terms of ion–ion coupling.It provides a robust optimization scheme for realizing more efficient entangled states in trapped ion platforms.展开更多
In the lattice system,when the synthetic flux reaches aπphase along a closed loop under the synthetic gauge field,destructive interference occurs and gives rise to the localization phenomenon.This is known as the Aha...In the lattice system,when the synthetic flux reaches aπphase along a closed loop under the synthetic gauge field,destructive interference occurs and gives rise to the localization phenomenon.This is known as the Aharonov-Bohm(AB)caging effect.It provides a powerful tool for the study of quantum transport and dynamical effects.In the system where lattice sites possess internal structure and the underlying gauge field is non-Abelian,localization can also occur,forming the non-Abelian AB caging.Here,we propose an experimental scheme to synthesize non-Abelian gauge fields with a single trapped ion by coupling multiple internal levels and Fock states in its motion via laser fields.In contrast to the Abelian AB caging,we numerically observe that the non-Abelian AB caging occurs either when the interference matrix is nilpotent,or when the initial state is specifically set.Our experimental scheme broadens the study of localization phenomena and provides a novel tool for the study of non-Abelian physics.展开更多
Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracyto...Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).However,the effects of optical tweezers on sperm motility are still unclear.To elucidate the effects on sperm motility for optical tweezers,we systematically investigated the correlation between motility parameters and the parameters of optical tweezers(wavelength,power,trapping duration,and trapping orientation).Under three systems of optical tweezers with different laser wavelengths(1064,850,and 785 nm),the nine motility parameters of free swimming were mainly affected by trapping orientation(vertical/horizontal)and trapping duration.When 850 nm laser and 1064 nm laser are used,vertical trapping significantly reduces sperm free-swimming capability with prolonged exposure time,whereas horizontal trapping exhibits relatively minor interference on sperm motility.Notably,the 785 nm laser does not induce statistically significant changes in key parameters of sperm motility under any experimental conditions(trapping orientation and duration).For the rolling frequency of trapped sperm,horizontal trapping for three wavelengths has a negligible effect compared with vertical trapping,especially for the 785 nm laser.In conclusion,horizontal trapping can preserve sperm motility under low power(below 140mW at 1064 nm,below 100mW at 850nm,below 60mW at 785 nm)and short duration(below 4 min).This trapping duration is suffcient for the separation procedure of single live sperm in ICSI.This study provides critical parameter optimization guidelines for the safe application of optical tweezers technology in reproductive medicine.展开更多
Trapped-ion systems are one of the leading platforms for quantum information processing, where a key challenge is to scale up system size while maintaining high-fidelity two-qubit operations. A promising approach is t...Trapped-ion systems are one of the leading platforms for quantum information processing, where a key challenge is to scale up system size while maintaining high-fidelity two-qubit operations. A promising approach is to build high-performance modules interconnected via strong coupling. In particular, axial motional modes offer a practical mechanism to couple the ions in a chain, enabling the preparation of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states with up to 24 ions using global operations, as well as high-fidelity two-qubit gates(96.6%–98.0%) in fully connected five-ion chains. Here, we demonstrate two-qubit quantum logic gates in a 5-ion^(40)Ca^(+)chain using axial modes, achieving fidelities exceeding 99% for adjacent pairs and over 98% for arbitrary pairs by carefully tackling dominant error sources. Our results are beneficial to the development of scalable ion-trap quantum processors,quantum simulation and quantum-enhanced metrology.展开更多
Objectives Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as critical effectors in immune defense but also as potential drivers of tissue damage in chronic inflammatory diseases.Their role in periodontitis,a highly ...Objectives Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as critical effectors in immune defense but also as potential drivers of tissue damage in chronic inflammatory diseases.Their role in periodontitis,a highly prevalent condition characterized by dysregulated host–microbe interactions,remains incompletely defined.This systematic review aimed to synthesize,for the first time,ex vivo human evidence on the presence,activity,and clinical significance of NETs in periodontitis.Methods A comprehensive search of Medline,Web of Science,and Scopus was conducted up to August 2025.Eligible studies included ex vivo human investigations assessing NETs or NET markers in gingival tissues,gingival crevicular fluid,saliva,blood,or biofilms from patients with periodontitis.Study selection,data extraction,and risk-of-bias assessment were conducted in duplicate,and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO(CRD420251109174).Results Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria.NET markers such as citrullinated histone H3(CitH3),myeloperoxidase(MPO),and neutrophil elastase were consistently elevated in periodontitis samples compared with controls.Several studies reported a reduction in NET levels or improved NET degradation following periodontal therapy.NETs were also implicated in biofilm stability and in systemic associations with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic kidney disease.However,heterogeneity in methodologies,small sample sizes,and inconsistent marker use limited comparability across studies.Conclusions Ex vivo evidence indicates that aberrant NET formation and impaired clearance contribute to periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction.Nonetheless,methodological variability and risk of bias constrain definitive conclusions.Standardization of detection methods,consensus on marker panels,and exploration of neutrophil subsets and systemic confounders are essential to establish NETs as reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets in periodontitis.展开更多
Modern power electronics,from electric vehicles to renewable energy systems,demand capacitors that can reliably store high energy at elevated temperatures.Polymer dielectrics are widely used in capacitors due to their...Modern power electronics,from electric vehicles to renewable energy systems,demand capacitors that can reliably store high energy at elevated temperatures.Polymer dielectrics are widely used in capacitors due to their high breakdown strength and ease of processing,but they traditionally suffer from poor energy density at high temperatures[1-4].展开更多
Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamenta...Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamental physics.The^(229)Th ionic nuclear optical clock has garnered considerable attention,attributed to its high precision with a relative uncertainty of≤1.5×10^(-19)and the potential for common-mode noise cancellation via self-comparison between the nuclear transition and the electronic transition of thorium ions.In this article,we focus on Th^(n+)ions(n=1,2,3)and present a comprehensive review of the current progress in the development of ionic nuclear clocks,covering essential steps such as ion generation,trapping,and cooling.Furthermore,we discuss the realization of a closed-loop clock cycle,addressing key aspects including stable isomer excitation and efficient isomer deexcitation.展开更多
This paper puts forward the significance of the creation of Hester.Hester is a trapped angel,her gradually transformation process is a tragedy that she changes from a tradition resistor to a defender,and does not rece...This paper puts forward the significance of the creation of Hester.Hester is a trapped angel,her gradually transformation process is a tragedy that she changes from a tradition resistor to a defender,and does not receive true love.This role enlightens us readers as to reflections on women’s status and on social transformation.At last,it gives a conclusion that Hester’s tragedy is sympathetic.It is not only the tragedy of Hester but also the tragedy of that era.展开更多
The rupture process of the May 12, 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake was very complex. To study the rupture zones generated by this earthquake, four dense temporary seismic arrays across the two surface breaking traces o...The rupture process of the May 12, 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake was very complex. To study the rupture zones generated by this earthquake, four dense temporary seismic arrays across the two surface breaking traces of the main-shock were deployed in July and recorded a great amount of aftershocks. This paper focuses on the data interpretation of two arrays across the central main fault, the northern array line 1 and southern array line 3. The fault zone trapped waves recorded by the two arrays were used to study the structure of the central main fault and the difference between the northern and southern portions. The results show that the widths of the rupture zone are about 170-200 m and 200-230 m for northern and southern portions respectively. And the corresponding dip angles are 80° and 70°. The seismic velocity inside the fracture zone is about one half of the host rock. By comparison, the northern portion of the rupture zone is slightly narrower and steeper than the southern portion. Besides these differences, one more interesting and important difference is the positions of the rupture zone with respect to surface breaking traces. At the northern portion, the rupture zone is centered at the surface breaking trace, while at the southern portion it is not but is shifted to the northwest. This difference reflects the difference of rupture behaviors between two portions of the central main fault. The width of the rupture zone is smaller than that of MS.1 Kunlun earthquake though these two earthquakes have almost the same magnitudes. Multiple ruptures may be one factor to cause the narrower rupture zone.展开更多
A simple new method based on the measurement of charge pumping technique is proposed to separate and quantify experimentally the effects of oxide-trapped charges and interface-trapped charges on threshold voltage degr...A simple new method based on the measurement of charge pumping technique is proposed to separate and quantify experimentally the effects of oxide-trapped charges and interface-trapped charges on threshold voltage degradation in p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (pMOSFETs) under hot-carrier stress.Further,the experimental results verify the validness of this method.It is shown that,all three mechanisms of electron trapping effect,hole trapping effect and interface trap generation play important roles in p-channel MOSFETs degradation.It is noted that interface-trapped charge is still the dominant mechanism for hot-carrier-induced degradation in p-channel MOSFETs,while a significant contribution of oxide-trapped charge to threshold voltage is demonstrated and quantified.展开更多
Trapped vortex combustor （TVC） is an advanced low-pollution gas turbine combustor, with the adoption of staged combustion technique. To achieve low-pollutant emission and better combustion performance, the proportio...Trapped vortex combustor （TVC） is an advanced low-pollution gas turbine combustor, with the adoption of staged combustion technique. To achieve low-pollutant emission and better combustion performance, the proportion of the air flow in each combustion zone should be precisely determined in the design of the combustor. Due to the presence of entrainment phenomenon, the total air flow in the cavity zone is difficult to estimate. To overcome the measurement difficulty, this study adopts the indirect measurement approach in the experimental research of entrainment phenomenon in the cavity. In accordance with the measurement principle, a TVC model fueled by methane is designed. Under two experimental conditions, i.e. with and without direct air intake in the cavity, the influence of the mainstream air flow velocity, the air intake velocity in the cavity, the height of inlet channel, the structure of holder and the structural proportion of the cavity on entrainment in the cavity is studied, respectively, through experiment at atmospheric temperature and pressure. The results suggest that the air flow velocity of mainstream, the air intake velocity of the cavity and the structure of the holder exert significant influence on the air entrainment, while the influence of structural proportion of the cavity is comparatively insignificant. The square root of momentum ratio of cavity air to mainstream air could be used to analyze the correlation of the entrainment data.展开更多
An effective teleportation scheme for an unknown ionic internal state via trapped ions is proposed without joint Bell-state measurement （BSM）. In the constructed quantum channel process, we make use of entanglement ...An effective teleportation scheme for an unknown ionic internal state via trapped ions is proposed without joint Bell-state measurement （BSM）. In the constructed quantum channel process, we make use of entanglement swapping to avoid decrease in entanglement during the distributing of particles. Thus our scheme provides new prospects for quantum teleportatlon in a longer distance. The distinct advant.age of our scheme is insensitive to the heating of vibrational mode. Furthermore, our scheme has no any individual optical access, and the successful probability also can reach 1.展开更多
This article is to review results from scientific drilling and fault-zone trapped waves （FZTWs） at the south Longman-Shan fault （LSF） zone that ruptured in the 2008 May 12 M8 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China.I...This article is to review results from scientific drilling and fault-zone trapped waves （FZTWs） at the south Longman-Shan fault （LSF） zone that ruptured in the 2008 May 12 M8 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China.Immediately after the mainshock,two Wenchuan Fault Scientific Drilling （WFSD） boreholes were drilled at WFSD-1 and WFSD-2 sites approximately 400 m and 1 km west of the surface rupture along the Yinxiu-Beichuan fault （YBF）,the middle fault strand of the south LSF zone.Two boreholes met the principal slip of Wenchuan earthquake along the YBF at depths of 589-m and 1230-m,respectively.The slip is accompanied with a 100-200-m-wide zone consisting of fault gouge,breccia,cataclasite and fractures.Close to WFSD-1 site,the nearly-vertical slip of ～4.3-m with a 190-m wide zone of highly fractured rocks restricted to the hanging wall of the YBF was found at the ground surface after the Wenchuan earthquake.A dense linear seismic array was deployed across the surface rupture at this venue to record FZTWs generated by aftershocks.Observations and 3-D finite-difference simulations of FZTWs recorded at this cross-fault array and network stations close to the YBF show a distinct low-velocity zone composed by severely damaged rocks along the south LSF at seismogenic depths.The zone is several hundred meters wide along the principal slip,within which seismic velocities are reduced by ～30-55％ from wall-rock velocities and with the maximum velocity reduction in the ～200-m-wide rupture core zone at shallow depth.The FZTW-inferred geometry and physical properties of the south LSF rupture zone at shallow depth are in general consistent with the results from petrological and structural analyses of cores and well log at WFSD boreholes.We interpret this remarkable low-velocity zone as being a break-down zone during dynamic rupture in the 2008 M8 earthquake.We examined the FZTWS generated by similar earthquakes before and after the 2008 mainshock and observed that seismic velocities within fault core zone was reduced by ～10％ due to severe damage of fault rocks during the M8 mainshock.Scientific drilling and locations of aftershocks generating prominent FZTWs also indicate rupture bifurcation along the YBF and the Anxian-Guangxian fault （AGF）,two strands of the south LSF at shallow depth.A combination of seismic,petrologic and geologic study at the south LSF leads to further understand the relationship between the fault-zone structure and rupture dynamics,and the amplification of ground shaking strength along the low-velocity fault zone due to its waveguide effect.展开更多
The effect of micro-bubbles on the turbulent boundary layer in the channel flow with Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 0.87 × 105 to 1.23 × 105 is experimentally studied by using particle image velocimetry ...The effect of micro-bubbles on the turbulent boundary layer in the channel flow with Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 0.87 × 105 to 1.23 × 105 is experimentally studied by using particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements.The microbubbles are produced by water electrolysis.The velocity profiles,Reynolds stress and instantaneous structures of the boundary layer,with and without micro-bubbles,are measured and analyzed.The presence of micro-bubbles changes the streamwise mean velocity of the fluid and increases the wall shear stress.The results show that micro-bubbles have two effects,buoyancy and extrusion,which dominate the flow behavior of the mixed fluid in the turbulent boundary layer.The buoyancy effect leads to upward motion that drives the fluid motion in the same direction and,therefore,enhances the turbulence intense of the boundary layer.While for the extrusion effect,the presence of accumulated micro-bubbles pushes the flow structures in the turbulent boundary layer away from the near-wall region.The interaction between these two effects causes the vorticity structures and turbulence activity to be in the region far away from the wall.The buoyancy effect is dominant when the Re is relatively small,while the extrusion effect plays a more important role when Re rises.展开更多
This paper proposes a simple scheme to generate a four-atom entangled cluster state in cavity quantum electrodynamics. With the assistantce of a strong classical field the cavity is only virtually excited and no quant...This paper proposes a simple scheme to generate a four-atom entangled cluster state in cavity quantum electrodynamics. With the assistantce of a strong classical field the cavity is only virtually excited and no quantum information will be transferred from the atoms to the cavity during the preparation for a four-atom entangled cluster state, and thus the scheme is insensitive to the cavity field states and cavity decay. Assuming that deviation of laser intensity is 0.01 and that of simultaneity for the interaction is 0.01, it shows that the fidelity of the resulting four-atom entangled cluster state is about 0.9886. The scheme can also be used to generate a four-ion entangled cluster state in a hot trapped-ion system. Assuming that deviation of laser intensity is 0.01, it shows that the fidelity of the resulting four-ion entangled cluster state is about 0.9990. Experimental feasibility for achieving this scheme is also discussed.展开更多
This paper considers a scheme for the preparation of two-qutrit entangled states via adiabatic passage in iontrapped system. In the proposal, the two three-level V-type ions are initially cooled to the ground states a...This paper considers a scheme for the preparation of two-qutrit entangled states via adiabatic passage in iontrapped system. In the proposal, the two three-level V-type ions are initially cooled to the ground states and need not be separately addressed. Moreover, only the ionic states act as memory and the system evolves in the dark space during the whole procedure, which makes the system robust against the decoherence and the fluctuation of the laser pulse.展开更多
To evaluate the trapped wave energy and energy loss, the problem of wave scattering by twin fixed vertical surface- piercing plates over a stepped bottom is numerically simulated using the open source package OpenFOAM...To evaluate the trapped wave energy and energy loss, the problem of wave scattering by twin fixed vertical surface- piercing plates over a stepped bottom is numerically simulated using the open source package OpenFOAM and the associated toolbox waves2Foam. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was employed to capture the free surface in the time domain. The validation of the present numerical model was performed by comparing with both the analytical and experimental results. The effects of the spacing between two plates and the configuration of stepped bottom on the hydrodynamic characteristics, such as reflection and transmission coefficients, viscous dissipation ratio, and relative wave height between the plates (termed as trapped wave energy), were examined. Moreover, the nonlinear effects of the incident wave height on the hydrodynamic characteristics were addressed as well. The results show that the step configuration can be tuned for efficient-performance of wave damping, and the optimum configurations of the step length B, the step height h1 and the spacing b, separately equaling λ/4, 3h/4, and 0.05h (λ and h are the wavelength and the water depth, respectively), are recommended for the trapping of wave energy.展开更多
基金supported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant Nos.2021ZD0301200,2021ZD0303200,and 2021ZD0301500)the Alliance of International Science Organizations(ANSO)。
文摘Recently,large-scale trapped ion systems have been realized in experiments for quantum simulation and quantum computation.They are the simplest systems for dynamical stability and parametric resonance.In this model,the Mathieu equation plays the most fundamental role for us to understand the stability and instability of a single ion.In this work,we investigate the dynamics of trapped ions with the Coulomb interaction based on the Hamiltonian equation.We show that the many-body interaction will not influence the phase diagram for instability.Then,the dynamics of this model in the large damping limit will also be analytically calculated using few trapped ions.Furthermore,we find that in the presence of modulation,synchronization dynamics can be observed,showing an exchange of velocities between distant ions on the left side and on the right side of the trap.These dynamics resemble that of the exchange of velocities in Newton's cradle for the collision of balls at the same time.These dynamics are independent of their initial conditions and the number of ions.As a unique feature of the interacting Mathieu equation,we hope this behavior,which leads to a quasi-periodic solution,can be measured in current experimental systems.Finally,we have also discussed the effect of anharmonic trapping potential,showing the desynchronization during the collision process.It is hoped that the dynamics in this many-body Mathieu equation with damping may find applications in quantum simulations.This model may also find interesting applications in dynamics systems as a pure mathematical problem,which may be beyond the results in the Floquet theorem.
文摘Trapped ion hardware has made significant progress recently and is now one of the leading platforms for quantum computing.To construct two-qubit gates in trapped ions,experimentalmanipulation approaches for ion chains are becoming increasingly prevalent.Given the restricted control technology,how implementing high-fidelity quantum gate operations is crucial.Many works in current pulse design optimization focus on ion–phonon and effective ion–ion couplings while ignoring the first-order derivative terms expansion impacts of these two terms brought on by experiment defects.This paper proposes a novel robust quantum control optimization method in trapped ions.By introducing the first-order derivative terms caused by the error into the optimization cost function,we generate an extremely robust Mølmer–Sørensen gate with infidelity below 10^(−3) under a drift noise range of±10 kHz,the relative robustness achieves a tolerance of±5%,compared to the 200-kHz frequency spacing between phonon modes,and for time noise drift,the tolerance reached to 2%.Our work reveals the vital role of the first-order derivative terms of coupling in trapped ion pulse control optimization,especially the first-order derivative terms of ion–ion coupling.It provides a robust optimization scheme for realizing more efficient entangled states in trapped ion platforms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92165206,12275090,and 12304554)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant Nos.2021ZD0301603 and 2021ZD0302303)。
文摘In the lattice system,when the synthetic flux reaches aπphase along a closed loop under the synthetic gauge field,destructive interference occurs and gives rise to the localization phenomenon.This is known as the Aharonov-Bohm(AB)caging effect.It provides a powerful tool for the study of quantum transport and dynamical effects.In the system where lattice sites possess internal structure and the underlying gauge field is non-Abelian,localization can also occur,forming the non-Abelian AB caging.Here,we propose an experimental scheme to synthesize non-Abelian gauge fields with a single trapped ion by coupling multiple internal levels and Fock states in its motion via laser fields.In contrast to the Abelian AB caging,we numerically observe that the non-Abelian AB caging occurs either when the interference matrix is nilpotent,or when the initial state is specifically set.Our experimental scheme broadens the study of localization phenomena and provides a novel tool for the study of non-Abelian physics.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province in China(2508085MF166)Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine(2024zh-03)+2 种基金Key Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Anhui Province(2023AH040083)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12404353)Cultivation Project of Training Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Universities of Anhui Province(DTR2023013).
文摘Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).However,the effects of optical tweezers on sperm motility are still unclear.To elucidate the effects on sperm motility for optical tweezers,we systematically investigated the correlation between motility parameters and the parameters of optical tweezers(wavelength,power,trapping duration,and trapping orientation).Under three systems of optical tweezers with different laser wavelengths(1064,850,and 785 nm),the nine motility parameters of free swimming were mainly affected by trapping orientation(vertical/horizontal)and trapping duration.When 850 nm laser and 1064 nm laser are used,vertical trapping significantly reduces sperm free-swimming capability with prolonged exposure time,whereas horizontal trapping exhibits relatively minor interference on sperm motility.Notably,the 785 nm laser does not induce statistically significant changes in key parameters of sperm motility under any experimental conditions(trapping orientation and duration).For the rolling frequency of trapped sperm,horizontal trapping for three wavelengths has a negligible effect compared with vertical trapping,especially for the 785 nm laser.In conclusion,horizontal trapping can preserve sperm motility under low power(below 140mW at 1064 nm,below 100mW at 850nm,below 60mW at 785 nm)and short duration(below 4 min).This trapping duration is suffcient for the separation procedure of single live sperm in ICSI.This study provides critical parameter optimization guidelines for the safe application of optical tweezers technology in reproductive medicine.
基金supported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2021ZD0301603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.92165206)。
文摘Trapped-ion systems are one of the leading platforms for quantum information processing, where a key challenge is to scale up system size while maintaining high-fidelity two-qubit operations. A promising approach is to build high-performance modules interconnected via strong coupling. In particular, axial motional modes offer a practical mechanism to couple the ions in a chain, enabling the preparation of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states with up to 24 ions using global operations, as well as high-fidelity two-qubit gates(96.6%–98.0%) in fully connected five-ion chains. Here, we demonstrate two-qubit quantum logic gates in a 5-ion^(40)Ca^(+)chain using axial modes, achieving fidelities exceeding 99% for adjacent pairs and over 98% for arbitrary pairs by carefully tackling dominant error sources. Our results are beneficial to the development of scalable ion-trap quantum processors,quantum simulation and quantum-enhanced metrology.
文摘Objectives Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as critical effectors in immune defense but also as potential drivers of tissue damage in chronic inflammatory diseases.Their role in periodontitis,a highly prevalent condition characterized by dysregulated host–microbe interactions,remains incompletely defined.This systematic review aimed to synthesize,for the first time,ex vivo human evidence on the presence,activity,and clinical significance of NETs in periodontitis.Methods A comprehensive search of Medline,Web of Science,and Scopus was conducted up to August 2025.Eligible studies included ex vivo human investigations assessing NETs or NET markers in gingival tissues,gingival crevicular fluid,saliva,blood,or biofilms from patients with periodontitis.Study selection,data extraction,and risk-of-bias assessment were conducted in duplicate,and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO(CRD420251109174).Results Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria.NET markers such as citrullinated histone H3(CitH3),myeloperoxidase(MPO),and neutrophil elastase were consistently elevated in periodontitis samples compared with controls.Several studies reported a reduction in NET levels or improved NET degradation following periodontal therapy.NETs were also implicated in biofilm stability and in systemic associations with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic kidney disease.However,heterogeneity in methodologies,small sample sizes,and inconsistent marker use limited comparability across studies.Conclusions Ex vivo evidence indicates that aberrant NET formation and impaired clearance contribute to periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction.Nonetheless,methodological variability and risk of bias constrain definitive conclusions.Standardization of detection methods,consensus on marker panels,and exploration of neutrophil subsets and systemic confounders are essential to establish NETs as reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets in periodontitis.
文摘Modern power electronics,from electric vehicles to renewable energy systems,demand capacitors that can reliably store high energy at elevated temperatures.Polymer dielectrics are widely used in capacitors due to their high breakdown strength and ease of processing,but they traditionally suffer from poor energy density at high temperatures[1-4].
基金Project supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0920000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12341401)。
文摘Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamental physics.The^(229)Th ionic nuclear optical clock has garnered considerable attention,attributed to its high precision with a relative uncertainty of≤1.5×10^(-19)and the potential for common-mode noise cancellation via self-comparison between the nuclear transition and the electronic transition of thorium ions.In this article,we focus on Th^(n+)ions(n=1,2,3)and present a comprehensive review of the current progress in the development of ionic nuclear clocks,covering essential steps such as ion generation,trapping,and cooling.Furthermore,we discuss the realization of a closed-loop clock cycle,addressing key aspects including stable isomer excitation and efficient isomer deexcitation.
文摘This paper puts forward the significance of the creation of Hester.Hester is a trapped angel,her gradually transformation process is a tragedy that she changes from a tradition resistor to a defender,and does not receive true love.This role enlightens us readers as to reflections on women’s status and on social transformation.At last,it gives a conclusion that Hester’s tragedy is sympathetic.It is not only the tragedy of Hester but also the tragedy of that era.
基金sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40674043, 90814001)China Earthquake Admini-stration (Wenchuan Earthquake Scientific Survey 03-05)The contribution No. of this paper is RCEG 0905 of Geophysical Prospecting Center,China Earthquake Administration
文摘The rupture process of the May 12, 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake was very complex. To study the rupture zones generated by this earthquake, four dense temporary seismic arrays across the two surface breaking traces of the main-shock were deployed in July and recorded a great amount of aftershocks. This paper focuses on the data interpretation of two arrays across the central main fault, the northern array line 1 and southern array line 3. The fault zone trapped waves recorded by the two arrays were used to study the structure of the central main fault and the difference between the northern and southern portions. The results show that the widths of the rupture zone are about 170-200 m and 200-230 m for northern and southern portions respectively. And the corresponding dip angles are 80° and 70°. The seismic velocity inside the fracture zone is about one half of the host rock. By comparison, the northern portion of the rupture zone is slightly narrower and steeper than the southern portion. Besides these differences, one more interesting and important difference is the positions of the rupture zone with respect to surface breaking traces. At the northern portion, the rupture zone is centered at the surface breaking trace, while at the southern portion it is not but is shifted to the northwest. This difference reflects the difference of rupture behaviors between two portions of the central main fault. The width of the rupture zone is smaller than that of MS.1 Kunlun earthquake though these two earthquakes have almost the same magnitudes. Multiple ruptures may be one factor to cause the narrower rupture zone.
文摘A simple new method based on the measurement of charge pumping technique is proposed to separate and quantify experimentally the effects of oxide-trapped charges and interface-trapped charges on threshold voltage degradation in p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (pMOSFETs) under hot-carrier stress.Further,the experimental results verify the validness of this method.It is shown that,all three mechanisms of electron trapping effect,hole trapping effect and interface trap generation play important roles in p-channel MOSFETs degradation.It is noted that interface-trapped charge is still the dominant mechanism for hot-carrier-induced degradation in p-channel MOSFETs,while a significant contribution of oxide-trapped charge to threshold voltage is demonstrated and quantified.
文摘Trapped vortex combustor （TVC） is an advanced low-pollution gas turbine combustor, with the adoption of staged combustion technique. To achieve low-pollutant emission and better combustion performance, the proportion of the air flow in each combustion zone should be precisely determined in the design of the combustor. Due to the presence of entrainment phenomenon, the total air flow in the cavity zone is difficult to estimate. To overcome the measurement difficulty, this study adopts the indirect measurement approach in the experimental research of entrainment phenomenon in the cavity. In accordance with the measurement principle, a TVC model fueled by methane is designed. Under two experimental conditions, i.e. with and without direct air intake in the cavity, the influence of the mainstream air flow velocity, the air intake velocity in the cavity, the height of inlet channel, the structure of holder and the structural proportion of the cavity on entrainment in the cavity is studied, respectively, through experiment at atmospheric temperature and pressure. The results suggest that the air flow velocity of mainstream, the air intake velocity of the cavity and the structure of the holder exert significant influence on the air entrainment, while the influence of structural proportion of the cavity is comparatively insignificant. The square root of momentum ratio of cavity air to mainstream air could be used to analyze the correlation of the entrainment data.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10374025）.
文摘An effective teleportation scheme for an unknown ionic internal state via trapped ions is proposed without joint Bell-state measurement （BSM）. In the constructed quantum channel process, we make use of entanglement swapping to avoid decrease in entanglement during the distributing of particles. Thus our scheme provides new prospects for quantum teleportatlon in a longer distance. The distinct advant.age of our scheme is insensitive to the heating of vibrational mode. Furthermore, our scheme has no any individual optical access, and the successful probability also can reach 1.
基金supported by the "Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling" of the National Science Foundation of China
文摘This article is to review results from scientific drilling and fault-zone trapped waves （FZTWs） at the south Longman-Shan fault （LSF） zone that ruptured in the 2008 May 12 M8 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China.Immediately after the mainshock,two Wenchuan Fault Scientific Drilling （WFSD） boreholes were drilled at WFSD-1 and WFSD-2 sites approximately 400 m and 1 km west of the surface rupture along the Yinxiu-Beichuan fault （YBF）,the middle fault strand of the south LSF zone.Two boreholes met the principal slip of Wenchuan earthquake along the YBF at depths of 589-m and 1230-m,respectively.The slip is accompanied with a 100-200-m-wide zone consisting of fault gouge,breccia,cataclasite and fractures.Close to WFSD-1 site,the nearly-vertical slip of ～4.3-m with a 190-m wide zone of highly fractured rocks restricted to the hanging wall of the YBF was found at the ground surface after the Wenchuan earthquake.A dense linear seismic array was deployed across the surface rupture at this venue to record FZTWs generated by aftershocks.Observations and 3-D finite-difference simulations of FZTWs recorded at this cross-fault array and network stations close to the YBF show a distinct low-velocity zone composed by severely damaged rocks along the south LSF at seismogenic depths.The zone is several hundred meters wide along the principal slip,within which seismic velocities are reduced by ～30-55％ from wall-rock velocities and with the maximum velocity reduction in the ～200-m-wide rupture core zone at shallow depth.The FZTW-inferred geometry and physical properties of the south LSF rupture zone at shallow depth are in general consistent with the results from petrological and structural analyses of cores and well log at WFSD boreholes.We interpret this remarkable low-velocity zone as being a break-down zone during dynamic rupture in the 2008 M8 earthquake.We examined the FZTWS generated by similar earthquakes before and after the 2008 mainshock and observed that seismic velocities within fault core zone was reduced by ～10％ due to severe damage of fault rocks during the M8 mainshock.Scientific drilling and locations of aftershocks generating prominent FZTWs also indicate rupture bifurcation along the YBF and the Anxian-Guangxian fault （AGF）,two strands of the south LSF at shallow depth.A combination of seismic,petrologic and geologic study at the south LSF leads to further understand the relationship between the fault-zone structure and rupture dynamics,and the amplification of ground shaking strength along the low-velocity fault zone due to its waveguide effect.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 51609115)the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics(Grant9140C300206150C30143).
文摘The effect of micro-bubbles on the turbulent boundary layer in the channel flow with Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 0.87 × 105 to 1.23 × 105 is experimentally studied by using particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements.The microbubbles are produced by water electrolysis.The velocity profiles,Reynolds stress and instantaneous structures of the boundary layer,with and without micro-bubbles,are measured and analyzed.The presence of micro-bubbles changes the streamwise mean velocity of the fluid and increases the wall shear stress.The results show that micro-bubbles have two effects,buoyancy and extrusion,which dominate the flow behavior of the mixed fluid in the turbulent boundary layer.The buoyancy effect leads to upward motion that drives the fluid motion in the same direction and,therefore,enhances the turbulence intense of the boundary layer.While for the extrusion effect,the presence of accumulated micro-bubbles pushes the flow structures in the turbulent boundary layer away from the near-wall region.The interaction between these two effects causes the vorticity structures and turbulence activity to be in the region far away from the wall.The buoyancy effect is dominant when the Re is relatively small,while the extrusion effect plays a more important role when Re rises.
基金Project supported by the Postdoctal Foundation of Central South University of Chinathe Important Program of Hunan Provincial Education Department of China (Grant No. 06A038)+1 种基金Department of Education of Hunan Province of China (Grant No. 06C080)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China (Grant No. 07JJ3013)
文摘This paper proposes a simple scheme to generate a four-atom entangled cluster state in cavity quantum electrodynamics. With the assistantce of a strong classical field the cavity is only virtually excited and no quantum information will be transferred from the atoms to the cavity during the preparation for a four-atom entangled cluster state, and thus the scheme is insensitive to the cavity field states and cavity decay. Assuming that deviation of laser intensity is 0.01 and that of simultaneity for the interaction is 0.01, it shows that the fidelity of the resulting four-atom entangled cluster state is about 0.9886. The scheme can also be used to generate a four-ion entangled cluster state in a hot trapped-ion system. Assuming that deviation of laser intensity is 0.01, it shows that the fidelity of the resulting four-ion entangled cluster state is about 0.9990. Experimental feasibility for achieving this scheme is also discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60878059)the Science Foundation of the Educational Committee of Fujian Province of China (Grant No. JA09041)Fujian Normal University (Grant Nos. 2008100220and BKL2009-010)
文摘This paper considers a scheme for the preparation of two-qutrit entangled states via adiabatic passage in iontrapped system. In the proposal, the two three-level V-type ions are initially cooled to the ground states and need not be separately addressed. Moreover, only the ionic states act as memory and the system evolves in the dark space during the whole procedure, which makes the system robust against the decoherence and the fluctuation of the laser pulse.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11702244,51679014,51809209)the Joint Fund of Zhoushan City and Zhejiang University(Grant No.2017C82223)the Open Fund of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Hydropower Development(Grant No.PKLHD201707)
文摘To evaluate the trapped wave energy and energy loss, the problem of wave scattering by twin fixed vertical surface- piercing plates over a stepped bottom is numerically simulated using the open source package OpenFOAM and the associated toolbox waves2Foam. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was employed to capture the free surface in the time domain. The validation of the present numerical model was performed by comparing with both the analytical and experimental results. The effects of the spacing between two plates and the configuration of stepped bottom on the hydrodynamic characteristics, such as reflection and transmission coefficients, viscous dissipation ratio, and relative wave height between the plates (termed as trapped wave energy), were examined. Moreover, the nonlinear effects of the incident wave height on the hydrodynamic characteristics were addressed as well. The results show that the step configuration can be tuned for efficient-performance of wave damping, and the optimum configurations of the step length B, the step height h1 and the spacing b, separately equaling λ/4, 3h/4, and 0.05h (λ and h are the wavelength and the water depth, respectively), are recommended for the trapping of wave energy.
