Activation of neutrophil membrane receptors initiates intracellular signal transduction cascades that orchestrate the cell's effector functions,including phagocytosis,production of reactive oxygen and halogen spec...Activation of neutrophil membrane receptors initiates intracellular signal transduction cascades that orchestrate the cell's effector functions,including phagocytosis,production of reactive oxygen and halogen species,degranulation,and NETosis(formation of neutrophil extracellular traps[NETs]).NETs,which contain antimicrobial compounds such as myeloperoxidase(MPO),represent a strategy to combat infection.However,excessive production of NETs promotes thrombosis,diabetes mellitus,and other diseases.Therefore,investigations into the mechanisms of NETosis and the identification of modulators of this process are critical for developing strategies to address NETosis-related disorders.Here,we identified a novel NETosis inducer,human serum albumin(HSA)modified by the MPO product hypochlorous acid(HSAHOCl),whose accumulation in vivo was correlated with inflammatory processes.Using human blood neutrophils,we investigated HSAHOCl-induced NETosis and detected NET formation by flow cytometry.The results showed that the mechanism of HSAHOClinduced NETosis involved MPO,NADPH oxidase,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases(PI3Ks),and that HSAHOCl activated a reactive oxygen species-dependent suicidal type of NETosis.Moreover,HSAHOCl-induced NETosis was inhibited by an anti-HSAHOCl monoclonal antibody.Thus,our findings may facilitate the development of strategies to modulate NETosis in inflammation associated with elevated MPO activity.展开更多
Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracyto...Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).However,the effects of optical tweezers on sperm motility are still unclear.To elucidate the effects on sperm motility for optical tweezers,we systematically investigated the correlation between motility parameters and the parameters of optical tweezers(wavelength,power,trapping duration,and trapping orientation).Under three systems of optical tweezers with different laser wavelengths(1064,850,and 785 nm),the nine motility parameters of free swimming were mainly affected by trapping orientation(vertical/horizontal)and trapping duration.When 850 nm laser and 1064 nm laser are used,vertical trapping significantly reduces sperm free-swimming capability with prolonged exposure time,whereas horizontal trapping exhibits relatively minor interference on sperm motility.Notably,the 785 nm laser does not induce statistically significant changes in key parameters of sperm motility under any experimental conditions(trapping orientation and duration).For the rolling frequency of trapped sperm,horizontal trapping for three wavelengths has a negligible effect compared with vertical trapping,especially for the 785 nm laser.In conclusion,horizontal trapping can preserve sperm motility under low power(below 140mW at 1064 nm,below 100mW at 850nm,below 60mW at 785 nm)and short duration(below 4 min).This trapping duration is suffcient for the separation procedure of single live sperm in ICSI.This study provides critical parameter optimization guidelines for the safe application of optical tweezers technology in reproductive medicine.展开更多
The development of electrocatalysts that both work effectively at industrial current density and resist chloride ion(Cl^(-))corrosion remains a key challenge for hydrogen production from Cl^(-)-rich alkaline water.Her...The development of electrocatalysts that both work effectively at industrial current density and resist chloride ion(Cl^(-))corrosion remains a key challenge for hydrogen production from Cl^(-)-rich alkaline water.Herein,we report a CrO_(x)-engineered nickel-based oxide catalyst(FeCoCrO_(x)/NF)that achieves exceptional activity and stability through a dual-functional interfacial mechanism.Combing in situ Raman spectroscopy,18O isotopic labeling,and electrochemical analysis,we demonstrate that the oxygen evolution reaction follows a lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism.The CrO_(x)layer selectively adsorbs hydroxide ions,forming a dynamic interfacial barrier that electrostatically repels Cl^(-)ingress,thereby mitigating Cl^(-)corrosion.Through enthalpy-based analysis,we demonstrate that electronic redistribution via Cr-O-Fe bonding increases the vacancy formation energy of Fe,thereby suppressing its dissolution.In alkaline electrolyte containing 0.5 M Cl^(-)(1.0 M KOH),the catalyst is operating continuously for 1400 h at an industrial current density of 1000 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the catalyst retains 99.5%of its initial activity under fluctuating current density(100-1000 mA cm^(-2)),demonstrating robustness required for industrial electrolyzers.This study establishes a paradigm for designing corrosion-resistant electrocatalysts through the synergistic modulation of interfacial ion selectivity and bulk lattice oxygen activation,advancing the application of green hydrogen production in Cl^(-)-rich alkaline water.展开更多
Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as key mediators of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),linking innate immune activation to vascular injury,thrombosis,and maladaptive remodeling.This review synthesizes rece...Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as key mediators of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),linking innate immune activation to vascular injury,thrombosis,and maladaptive remodeling.This review synthesizes recent insights into the molecular and cellular pathways driving NET formation,including post-translational modifications,metabolic reprogramming,inflammasome signaling,and autophagy.It highlights the role of NETs in atherosclerosis,thrombosis,myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,and hypertension,emphasizing common control points such as peptidylarginine deiminase 4(PAD4)-dependent histone citrullination and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases 2(NOX2)-mediated oxidative stress.Mechanistic interpretation of circulating biomarkers,includingmyeloperoxidase(MPO)-DNA complexes,citrullinated histoneH3,and cell-free DNA,provides a translational bridge between NET biology and patient stratification.Therapeutic strategies targeting NETs are examined through three main approaches:inhibition of NET initiation,enhancement of chromatin clearance,and neutralization of toxic extracellular components,with attention to both established and emerging interventions.In contrast to previous reviews,this study highlights the novelty of a mechano-therapeutic framework by providing a mechanistic roadmap linking NET formation pathways to therapeutic targeting in cardiovascular disease.Moving forward,integrating mechanistic information with biomarker discovery,precision profiling,and targeted therapies offers innovative strategies to reduce vascular inflammation and improve outcomes in cardiovascular disease.展开更多
Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamenta...Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamental physics.The^(229)Th ionic nuclear optical clock has garnered considerable attention,attributed to its high precision with a relative uncertainty of≤1.5×10^(-19)and the potential for common-mode noise cancellation via self-comparison between the nuclear transition and the electronic transition of thorium ions.In this article,we focus on Th^(n+)ions(n=1,2,3)and present a comprehensive review of the current progress in the development of ionic nuclear clocks,covering essential steps such as ion generation,trapping,and cooling.Furthermore,we discuss the realization of a closed-loop clock cycle,addressing key aspects including stable isomer excitation and efficient isomer deexcitation.展开更多
Self-trapped excitons(STEs),known for their unique radiative properties,have been harnessed in diverse photonic devices;however,their comprehensive understanding and manipulation remain elusive.In this study,we presen...Self-trapped excitons(STEs),known for their unique radiative properties,have been harnessed in diverse photonic devices;however,their comprehensive understanding and manipulation remain elusive.In this study,we present novel experimental and theoretical evidence revealing the hybrid nature and optical tunability of STE state in Cs_(2)Ag_(0.4)Na_(0.6)InCl_(6).The detection of the Fano resonance in laser energy-dependent Raman and photoluminescence spectra indicates the emergence of an exciton-phonon hybrid state,arising from robust quantum interference between the discrete phonon and continuum exciton states.Moreover,we demonstrate continuous tuning of this hybrid state with the energy and intensity of the laser field.These findings lay the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the nature of STE and their potential for state control.展开更多
The front gate interface and oxide traps induced by hot carrier stress in SOI NMOSFETs are studied.Based on a new forward gated diode technique,the R G current originating from the front interface traps is me...The front gate interface and oxide traps induced by hot carrier stress in SOI NMOSFETs are studied.Based on a new forward gated diode technique,the R G current originating from the front interface traps is measured,and then the densities of the interface and oxide traps are separated independently.The experimental results show that the hot carrier stress of front channel not only results in the strong generation of the front interface traps,but also in the significant oxide traps.These two kinds of traps have similar characteristic in increasing with the hot carrier stress time.This analysis allows one to obtain a clear physical picture of the effects of the hot carrier stress on the generating of interface and oxide traps,which help to understand the degradation and reliability of the SOI MOSFETs.展开更多
A simple new method based on the measurement of charge pumping technique is proposed to separate and quantify experimentally the effects of oxide-trapped charges and interface-trapped charges on threshold voltage degr...A simple new method based on the measurement of charge pumping technique is proposed to separate and quantify experimentally the effects of oxide-trapped charges and interface-trapped charges on threshold voltage degradation in p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (pMOSFETs) under hot-carrier stress.Further,the experimental results verify the validness of this method.It is shown that,all three mechanisms of electron trapping effect,hole trapping effect and interface trap generation play important roles in p-channel MOSFETs degradation.It is noted that interface-trapped charge is still the dominant mechanism for hot-carrier-induced degradation in p-channel MOSFETs,while a significant contribution of oxide-trapped charge to threshold voltage is demonstrated and quantified.展开更多
The effect of de-trapping on the carrier transport process in the CdZ＇nTe detector is studied by laser beam-induced transient current （LBIC） measurement. Trapping time, de-trapping time, and mobility for electrons ...The effect of de-trapping on the carrier transport process in the CdZ＇nTe detector is studied by laser beam-induced transient current （LBIC） measurement. Trapping time, de-trapping time, and mobility for electrons are determined directly from transient waveforms under various bias voltages. The results suggest that an electric field strengthens the capture and emission effects in trap center, which is associated with field-assisted capture and the Poole-Frenkel effect, respectively. The electron mobility is calculated to be 950 cm2/V-s and the corresponding electron mobility-lifetime product is found to be 1.32 × 10-3 cm2/V by a modified Hecht equation with considering the surface recombination effect. It is concluded that the trapping time and de-trapping time obtained from LBIC measurement provide direct information concerning the transport process.展开更多
Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, a nematode-trapping fungus, was isolated by baiting with sclerotiaof Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil from a tobacco field in Yuxi, Yunnan Province. Colonizationfrequency of the scleroti...Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, a nematode-trapping fungus, was isolated by baiting with sclerotiaof Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil from a tobacco field in Yuxi, Yunnan Province. Colonizationfrequency of the sclerotia by the fungus was 18% in natural soil. Reinoculation tests byplacing surface-sterilized sclerotia on fungal cultures for two weeks and then surface-sterilized again led to 32% sclerotia be infected. Dual culture tests in PDA plates did notgive rise to a suppression zone between the colonies of M. ellipsosporum and its counterpartfungi S. sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani, suggesting there was little or no nutritionalcompetition and absent of antifungal compounds. However, M. ellipsosporum could grow overabsent of S. sclerotiorum and R. solani, and significantly inhibited their growth on agarplates. Scanning electron and light microscopic observations showed that hyphae of M. ellipsosporumgrew along and appressed on hypha of S. sclerotiorum and coiled around hyphae of R. solani.Assays of cell wall-degrading enzymes showed that M. ellipsosporum grew well in chitin agarmedia, with clear transparent hydrolysis zones. Activities of total chitinase, exo-chitinase,β-1, 3-glucanase and protease were 140.2±11.9, 82.9±4.1, 111.2±7.6 and 76.1±4.3 U respect-ively, after incubation for 4 days at 30 ℃ in liquid media containing ground sclerotia of S.sclerotiorum as sole nutrient source. These enzymes might be important in the mycoparasiticactivity of M. ellipsosporum.展开更多
Rare earth-doped inorganic compounds contribute mostly to the family of persistent luminescent materials due to the versatile energy levels of rare earth ions.One of the key research aims is to match the trap level st...Rare earth-doped inorganic compounds contribute mostly to the family of persistent luminescent materials due to the versatile energy levels of rare earth ions.One of the key research aims is to match the trap level stemming from the doped rare earth ion or intrinsic defects to the electronic structure of the host,and therefore thermoluminescence measurement becomes a radical technology in studying trap depth,which is one of the significant parameters that determine the properties of persistent luminescence and photostimulated luminescence.However,the results of trap depth obtained by different thermoluminescence methods are quite different so that they are not comparable.Herein,we analyzed different thermoluminescence methods,selected and improved the traditional peak position method of T_(m)/500 to be E=(-0.94Inβ+30.09)kT_(m).Only the experimental heating rate(β)is needed additionally,but the accuracy is improved greatly in most cases.This convenient and accurate method will accelerate the discovery of novel rare earth-doped materials.展开更多
In this study,we developed a single-beam optical trap-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)optofluidic molecular fingerprint spectroscopy detection system.This system utilizes a single-beam optical trap to con...In this study,we developed a single-beam optical trap-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)optofluidic molecular fingerprint spectroscopy detection system.This system utilizes a single-beam optical trap to concentrate free silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)within an optofluidic chip,significantly enhancing SERS performance.We investigated the optical field distribution characteristics within the tapered fiber using COMSOL simulation software and established a MATLAB simulation model to validate the single-beam optical trap's effectiveness in capturing AgNPs,demonstrating the theoretical feasibility of our approach.To verify the particle capture efficacy of the system,we experimentally controlled the optical trap's on-off state to manage the capture and release of particles precisely.The experimental results indicated that the Raman signal intensity in the capture state was significantly higher than in the non-capture state,confirming that the single-beam optical trap effectively enhances the SERS detection capability of the optofluidic detection system.Furthermore,we employed Raman mapping techniques to investigate the impact of the capture area on the SERS effect,revealing that the spectral intensity of molecular fingerprints in the laser-trapping region is significantly improved.We successfully detected the Raman spectrum of crystal violet at a concentration of 10^(−9)mol/L and pesticide thiram at a concentration of 10^(−5)mol/L,further demonstrating the ability of the single-beam optical trap in enhancing the molecular fingerprint spectrum identification capability of the SERS optofluidic chips.The optical trapping SERS optofluidic detection system developed in this study,as a key component of an integrated optoelectronic sensing system,holds the potential for integration with portable high-power lasers and high-performance Raman spectrometers.This integration is expected to advance highly integrated technologies and significantly enhance the overall performance and portability of optoelectronic sensing systems.展开更多
Exosomes have shown good potential in ischemic injury disease treatments.However,evidence about their effect and molecular mechanisms in osteonecrosis of femoral head(ONFH)treatment is still limited.Here,we revealed t...Exosomes have shown good potential in ischemic injury disease treatments.However,evidence about their effect and molecular mechanisms in osteonecrosis of femoral head(ONFH)treatment is still limited.Here,we revealed the cell biology characters of ONFH osteonecrosis area bone tissue in single cell scale and thus identified a novel ONFH treatment approach based on M2 macrophages-derived exosomes(M2-Exos).We further show that M2-Exos are highly effective in the treatment of ONFH by modulating the phenotypes communication between neutrophil and endothelium including neutrophil extracellular traps formation and endothelial phenotype transition.Additionally,we identified that M2-Exos’therapeutic effect is attributed to the high content of miR-93-5p and constructed miR-93-5p overexpression model in vitro and in vivo based on lentivirus and adenoassociated virus respectively.Then we found miR-93-5p can not only reduce neutrophil extracellular traps formation but also improve angiogenic ability of endothelial cells.These results provided a new theoretical basis for the clinical application of ONFH therapeutic exosomes.展开更多
文摘Activation of neutrophil membrane receptors initiates intracellular signal transduction cascades that orchestrate the cell's effector functions,including phagocytosis,production of reactive oxygen and halogen species,degranulation,and NETosis(formation of neutrophil extracellular traps[NETs]).NETs,which contain antimicrobial compounds such as myeloperoxidase(MPO),represent a strategy to combat infection.However,excessive production of NETs promotes thrombosis,diabetes mellitus,and other diseases.Therefore,investigations into the mechanisms of NETosis and the identification of modulators of this process are critical for developing strategies to address NETosis-related disorders.Here,we identified a novel NETosis inducer,human serum albumin(HSA)modified by the MPO product hypochlorous acid(HSAHOCl),whose accumulation in vivo was correlated with inflammatory processes.Using human blood neutrophils,we investigated HSAHOCl-induced NETosis and detected NET formation by flow cytometry.The results showed that the mechanism of HSAHOClinduced NETosis involved MPO,NADPH oxidase,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases(PI3Ks),and that HSAHOCl activated a reactive oxygen species-dependent suicidal type of NETosis.Moreover,HSAHOCl-induced NETosis was inhibited by an anti-HSAHOCl monoclonal antibody.Thus,our findings may facilitate the development of strategies to modulate NETosis in inflammation associated with elevated MPO activity.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province in China(2508085MF166)Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine(2024zh-03)+2 种基金Key Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Anhui Province(2023AH040083)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12404353)Cultivation Project of Training Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Universities of Anhui Province(DTR2023013).
文摘Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).However,the effects of optical tweezers on sperm motility are still unclear.To elucidate the effects on sperm motility for optical tweezers,we systematically investigated the correlation between motility parameters and the parameters of optical tweezers(wavelength,power,trapping duration,and trapping orientation).Under three systems of optical tweezers with different laser wavelengths(1064,850,and 785 nm),the nine motility parameters of free swimming were mainly affected by trapping orientation(vertical/horizontal)and trapping duration.When 850 nm laser and 1064 nm laser are used,vertical trapping significantly reduces sperm free-swimming capability with prolonged exposure time,whereas horizontal trapping exhibits relatively minor interference on sperm motility.Notably,the 785 nm laser does not induce statistically significant changes in key parameters of sperm motility under any experimental conditions(trapping orientation and duration).For the rolling frequency of trapped sperm,horizontal trapping for three wavelengths has a negligible effect compared with vertical trapping,especially for the 785 nm laser.In conclusion,horizontal trapping can preserve sperm motility under low power(below 140mW at 1064 nm,below 100mW at 850nm,below 60mW at 785 nm)and short duration(below 4 min).This trapping duration is suffcient for the separation procedure of single live sperm in ICSI.This study provides critical parameter optimization guidelines for the safe application of optical tweezers technology in reproductive medicine.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No.22269021the Tianshan Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region:2023TSYCQNTJ0039the Open project of Key Laboratory in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China:2023D04027。
文摘The development of electrocatalysts that both work effectively at industrial current density and resist chloride ion(Cl^(-))corrosion remains a key challenge for hydrogen production from Cl^(-)-rich alkaline water.Herein,we report a CrO_(x)-engineered nickel-based oxide catalyst(FeCoCrO_(x)/NF)that achieves exceptional activity and stability through a dual-functional interfacial mechanism.Combing in situ Raman spectroscopy,18O isotopic labeling,and electrochemical analysis,we demonstrate that the oxygen evolution reaction follows a lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism.The CrO_(x)layer selectively adsorbs hydroxide ions,forming a dynamic interfacial barrier that electrostatically repels Cl^(-)ingress,thereby mitigating Cl^(-)corrosion.Through enthalpy-based analysis,we demonstrate that electronic redistribution via Cr-O-Fe bonding increases the vacancy formation energy of Fe,thereby suppressing its dissolution.In alkaline electrolyte containing 0.5 M Cl^(-)(1.0 M KOH),the catalyst is operating continuously for 1400 h at an industrial current density of 1000 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the catalyst retains 99.5%of its initial activity under fluctuating current density(100-1000 mA cm^(-2)),demonstrating robustness required for industrial electrolyzers.This study establishes a paradigm for designing corrosion-resistant electrocatalysts through the synergistic modulation of interfacial ion selectivity and bulk lattice oxygen activation,advancing the application of green hydrogen production in Cl^(-)-rich alkaline water.
文摘Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as key mediators of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),linking innate immune activation to vascular injury,thrombosis,and maladaptive remodeling.This review synthesizes recent insights into the molecular and cellular pathways driving NET formation,including post-translational modifications,metabolic reprogramming,inflammasome signaling,and autophagy.It highlights the role of NETs in atherosclerosis,thrombosis,myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,and hypertension,emphasizing common control points such as peptidylarginine deiminase 4(PAD4)-dependent histone citrullination and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases 2(NOX2)-mediated oxidative stress.Mechanistic interpretation of circulating biomarkers,includingmyeloperoxidase(MPO)-DNA complexes,citrullinated histoneH3,and cell-free DNA,provides a translational bridge between NET biology and patient stratification.Therapeutic strategies targeting NETs are examined through three main approaches:inhibition of NET initiation,enhancement of chromatin clearance,and neutralization of toxic extracellular components,with attention to both established and emerging interventions.In contrast to previous reviews,this study highlights the novelty of a mechano-therapeutic framework by providing a mechanistic roadmap linking NET formation pathways to therapeutic targeting in cardiovascular disease.Moving forward,integrating mechanistic information with biomarker discovery,precision profiling,and targeted therapies offers innovative strategies to reduce vascular inflammation and improve outcomes in cardiovascular disease.
基金Project supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0920000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12341401)。
文摘Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamental physics.The^(229)Th ionic nuclear optical clock has garnered considerable attention,attributed to its high precision with a relative uncertainty of≤1.5×10^(-19)and the potential for common-mode noise cancellation via self-comparison between the nuclear transition and the electronic transition of thorium ions.In this article,we focus on Th^(n+)ions(n=1,2,3)and present a comprehensive review of the current progress in the development of ionic nuclear clocks,covering essential steps such as ion generation,trapping,and cooling.Furthermore,we discuss the realization of a closed-loop clock cycle,addressing key aspects including stable isomer excitation and efficient isomer deexcitation.
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12525405)funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12393831)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-120)。
文摘Self-trapped excitons(STEs),known for their unique radiative properties,have been harnessed in diverse photonic devices;however,their comprehensive understanding and manipulation remain elusive.In this study,we present novel experimental and theoretical evidence revealing the hybrid nature and optical tunability of STE state in Cs_(2)Ag_(0.4)Na_(0.6)InCl_(6).The detection of the Fano resonance in laser energy-dependent Raman and photoluminescence spectra indicates the emergence of an exciton-phonon hybrid state,arising from robust quantum interference between the discrete phonon and continuum exciton states.Moreover,we demonstrate continuous tuning of this hybrid state with the energy and intensity of the laser field.These findings lay the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the nature of STE and their potential for state control.
文摘The front gate interface and oxide traps induced by hot carrier stress in SOI NMOSFETs are studied.Based on a new forward gated diode technique,the R G current originating from the front interface traps is measured,and then the densities of the interface and oxide traps are separated independently.The experimental results show that the hot carrier stress of front channel not only results in the strong generation of the front interface traps,but also in the significant oxide traps.These two kinds of traps have similar characteristic in increasing with the hot carrier stress time.This analysis allows one to obtain a clear physical picture of the effects of the hot carrier stress on the generating of interface and oxide traps,which help to understand the degradation and reliability of the SOI MOSFETs.
文摘A simple new method based on the measurement of charge pumping technique is proposed to separate and quantify experimentally the effects of oxide-trapped charges and interface-trapped charges on threshold voltage degradation in p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (pMOSFETs) under hot-carrier stress.Further,the experimental results verify the validness of this method.It is shown that,all three mechanisms of electron trapping effect,hole trapping effect and interface trap generation play important roles in p-channel MOSFETs degradation.It is noted that interface-trapped charge is still the dominant mechanism for hot-carrier-induced degradation in p-channel MOSFETs,while a significant contribution of oxide-trapped charge to threshold voltage is demonstrated and quantified.
基金Project supported by the National Instrumentation Program,China(Grant No.2011YQ040082)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61274081,51372205,and 51202197)+1 种基金the National 973 Project of China(Grant No.2011CB610400),the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2014M550509)the 111 Project of China(Grant No.B08040)
文摘The effect of de-trapping on the carrier transport process in the CdZ＇nTe detector is studied by laser beam-induced transient current （LBIC） measurement. Trapping time, de-trapping time, and mobility for electrons are determined directly from transient waveforms under various bias voltages. The results suggest that an electric field strengthens the capture and emission effects in trap center, which is associated with field-assisted capture and the Poole-Frenkel effect, respectively. The electron mobility is calculated to be 950 cm2/V-s and the corresponding electron mobility-lifetime product is found to be 1.32 × 10-3 cm2/V by a modified Hecht equation with considering the surface recombination effect. It is concluded that the trapping time and de-trapping time obtained from LBIC measurement provide direct information concerning the transport process.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Proqram(863)of China(2001AA246011).
文摘Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, a nematode-trapping fungus, was isolated by baiting with sclerotiaof Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil from a tobacco field in Yuxi, Yunnan Province. Colonizationfrequency of the sclerotia by the fungus was 18% in natural soil. Reinoculation tests byplacing surface-sterilized sclerotia on fungal cultures for two weeks and then surface-sterilized again led to 32% sclerotia be infected. Dual culture tests in PDA plates did notgive rise to a suppression zone between the colonies of M. ellipsosporum and its counterpartfungi S. sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani, suggesting there was little or no nutritionalcompetition and absent of antifungal compounds. However, M. ellipsosporum could grow overabsent of S. sclerotiorum and R. solani, and significantly inhibited their growth on agarplates. Scanning electron and light microscopic observations showed that hyphae of M. ellipsosporumgrew along and appressed on hypha of S. sclerotiorum and coiled around hyphae of R. solani.Assays of cell wall-degrading enzymes showed that M. ellipsosporum grew well in chitin agarmedia, with clear transparent hydrolysis zones. Activities of total chitinase, exo-chitinase,β-1, 3-glucanase and protease were 140.2±11.9, 82.9±4.1, 111.2±7.6 and 76.1±4.3 U respect-ively, after incubation for 4 days at 30 ℃ in liquid media containing ground sclerotia of S.sclerotiorum as sole nutrient source. These enzymes might be important in the mycoparasiticactivity of M. ellipsosporum.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372134,12274023)the Fundamental Re search Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-EYIT-23-04)。
文摘Rare earth-doped inorganic compounds contribute mostly to the family of persistent luminescent materials due to the versatile energy levels of rare earth ions.One of the key research aims is to match the trap level stemming from the doped rare earth ion or intrinsic defects to the electronic structure of the host,and therefore thermoluminescence measurement becomes a radical technology in studying trap depth,which is one of the significant parameters that determine the properties of persistent luminescence and photostimulated luminescence.However,the results of trap depth obtained by different thermoluminescence methods are quite different so that they are not comparable.Herein,we analyzed different thermoluminescence methods,selected and improved the traditional peak position method of T_(m)/500 to be E=(-0.94Inβ+30.09)kT_(m).Only the experimental heating rate(β)is needed additionally,but the accuracy is improved greatly in most cases.This convenient and accurate method will accelerate the discovery of novel rare earth-doped materials.
基金financial supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175023).
文摘In this study,we developed a single-beam optical trap-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)optofluidic molecular fingerprint spectroscopy detection system.This system utilizes a single-beam optical trap to concentrate free silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)within an optofluidic chip,significantly enhancing SERS performance.We investigated the optical field distribution characteristics within the tapered fiber using COMSOL simulation software and established a MATLAB simulation model to validate the single-beam optical trap's effectiveness in capturing AgNPs,demonstrating the theoretical feasibility of our approach.To verify the particle capture efficacy of the system,we experimentally controlled the optical trap's on-off state to manage the capture and release of particles precisely.The experimental results indicated that the Raman signal intensity in the capture state was significantly higher than in the non-capture state,confirming that the single-beam optical trap effectively enhances the SERS detection capability of the optofluidic detection system.Furthermore,we employed Raman mapping techniques to investigate the impact of the capture area on the SERS effect,revealing that the spectral intensity of molecular fingerprints in the laser-trapping region is significantly improved.We successfully detected the Raman spectrum of crystal violet at a concentration of 10^(−9)mol/L and pesticide thiram at a concentration of 10^(−5)mol/L,further demonstrating the ability of the single-beam optical trap in enhancing the molecular fingerprint spectrum identification capability of the SERS optofluidic chips.The optical trapping SERS optofluidic detection system developed in this study,as a key component of an integrated optoelectronic sensing system,holds the potential for integration with portable high-power lasers and high-performance Raman spectrometers.This integration is expected to advance highly integrated technologies and significantly enhance the overall performance and portability of optoelectronic sensing systems.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.82272503)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. LQN25H060006)
文摘Exosomes have shown good potential in ischemic injury disease treatments.However,evidence about their effect and molecular mechanisms in osteonecrosis of femoral head(ONFH)treatment is still limited.Here,we revealed the cell biology characters of ONFH osteonecrosis area bone tissue in single cell scale and thus identified a novel ONFH treatment approach based on M2 macrophages-derived exosomes(M2-Exos).We further show that M2-Exos are highly effective in the treatment of ONFH by modulating the phenotypes communication between neutrophil and endothelium including neutrophil extracellular traps formation and endothelial phenotype transition.Additionally,we identified that M2-Exos’therapeutic effect is attributed to the high content of miR-93-5p and constructed miR-93-5p overexpression model in vitro and in vivo based on lentivirus and adenoassociated virus respectively.Then we found miR-93-5p can not only reduce neutrophil extracellular traps formation but also improve angiogenic ability of endothelial cells.These results provided a new theoretical basis for the clinical application of ONFH therapeutic exosomes.
