Transportation is the lifeline of human civilization and an important component of the infrastructure for economic growth.As transportation is closely related to regional economic development,the summarization of Chin...Transportation is the lifeline of human civilization and an important component of the infrastructure for economic growth.As transportation is closely related to regional economic development,the summarization of China's transportation development theory from the perspective of regional economics will be conducive to clarifying the relationships between transportation and regional economic development and providing basic theoretical support for regional economic research and policy application.From the perspective of regional economics,China’s transportation development theory falls into two categories:transportation resource allocations,and the interactions between transportation and economic development.In recent years,there has been a trend toward the integration of transportation development research with regional economic growth,and a deeper understanding of the relationships between them has been achieved.展开更多
The economic benefits of transport infrastructure investment have been widely accepted.However,the varying influence of road transport development across vertical space has rarely been discussed.Taking Sichuan provinc...The economic benefits of transport infrastructure investment have been widely accepted.However,the varying influence of road transport development across vertical space has rarely been discussed.Taking Sichuan province in China as case study area where the landform is diverse and complex,administrative counties were categorized into 4 main types:plain counties,hill counties,mountain counties,and plateau counties.Using statistical data during 2006-2014,theperformanceofeconomic development and transport construction level in the four types of counties are discussed.Subsequently,the heterogeneous effect of each grade road on economy was calculated by local regression model(GWR).The results indicate that plain counties largely surpassed the other geomorphic counties in economic development level,while the gradient gap among them was on the decline.Similarly,distribution of transport infrastructure presented a decreasing trend from the low plain counties to high plateau counties.Regional imbalances were mainly reflected in the County road and Village road.Regarding the changes of regional gaps,National&Provincial roads and County roads were constantly expanding,whereas the disparity of Village road was slowly narrowing over time.Particularly noteworthy was the non-stationary economic influence of traffic factors across vertical gradients.On average,National&Provincial roads generated higher benefits in the high elevation regions than the lowlands.In contrast,County road and Village road were found to be more effective in promoting economic development in plains.With regard to local estimates of traffic factors,coefficients in mountain counties exhibited larger fluctuation ranges than other geomorphic units.The conclusions provide a basis for government decisionmaking in a more reasonable construction arrangement of road facilities and sustainable economic development.展开更多
As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relativel...As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relatively mature discipline. During the period 1930– 1980, the development of transportation geography consisted mainly of the publication of theoretical texts. During 1980–2000, it gradually became a systematic discipline. Since the start of the 21 st century, transportation geography has focused mainly on exploring the impacts of transportation on socio-economic development. Currently, studies on transportation geography have led to significant developments in a number of areas, including transportation theory, facility distribution and planning, transportation flows and network analysis, evaluation of transport modes, transportation planning, and simulation and assessment of urban transportation. Such studies have also enriched human geography research, provided a wider geographical overview and elucidated the development mechanism of transportation, as well as helped to understand the impacts of transport development on socio-economic systems. Some findings obtained by geographers have been widely used in transportation geography and related fields, including the four basic laws of transportation generation, the hub–spoke mode of transport organization, the subordinating and guiding functions of transportation on socio-economic development, regional transport dominance measures, accessibility measures, and spatial organization of port systems.展开更多
The author presents the results being the effect of the analysis of innovative rate of individual technologies applied in opening up,development and extraction works which was carried out within the project:"scen...The author presents the results being the effect of the analysis of innovative rate of individual technologies applied in opening up,development and extraction works which was carried out within the project:"scenarios of technological development of hard coal extractive industry".After presentation of opening up,development and extraction technologies that are applied in Polish hard coal industry and their classification with regard to innovation degree the author describes those technologies in a detailed manner.He brings attention to the most effective systems for hard coal deposits’ opening up,development and their extraction,including the extraction of the residual coal.The attention is also paid to the safety level of the applied technologies.展开更多
China’s inland waterway transport sector is facing the challenge of achieving carbon neutrality goals amidst its rapid development.However,the carbon mitigation potential of targeted interventions within inland water...China’s inland waterway transport sector is facing the challenge of achieving carbon neutrality goals amidst its rapid development.However,the carbon mitigation potential of targeted interventions within inland waterway transport networks remains poorly understood.We construct a port-to-port carbon emission inventory for the inland waterway transport sector from 2019 to 2050.Jiangxi province,a typical dynamically developing region,is selected as the study area given its plans for the large-scale construction of new inland waterways in the future.Our results reveal that while waterway optimization improves cargo transport efficiency,it may lead to higher carbon emissions by 2030.However,with intensified mitigation efforts,it can contribute to significant emission reductions by 2050.In terms of strategic interventions,prioritizing transport technology upgrades(e.g.,improve energy efficiency)in the short-term,while transitioning to alternative fuels in the long-term,could reduce to 0.76 Mt emissions by 2050,representing a 72%decrease compared to 2019 levels.Our findings from the typical complex waterway transport network in China offer valuable insights for managing carbon emissions in inland waterways globally,especially in regions contemplating the expansion of their inland waterway systems.展开更多
BELl-like transcription factors are ubiquitous in plants and interact with KNOTTEDI-types to regulate numerous developmental processes. In potato, the RNA of several BELl-like transcription factors has been identified...BELl-like transcription factors are ubiquitous in plants and interact with KNOTTEDI-types to regulate numerous developmental processes. In potato, the RNA of several BELl-like transcription factors has been identified in phloem cells. One of these, StBEL5, and its Knox protein partner regulate tuber formation by targeting genes that control growth. RNA detection methods and grafting experiments demonstrated that StBEL5 transcripts move across a graft union to localize in stolon tips, the site of tuber induction. This movement of RNA originates in source leaf veins and petioles and is induced by a short-day photoperiod, regulated by the untranslated regions, and correlated with enhanced tuber production. Addition of the StBEL5 untranslated regions to another BELl.like mRNA resulted in its preferential transport to stolon tips leading to increased tuber production. Upon fusion of the untranslated regions of StBEL5 to a β-glucuronidase marker, translation in tobacco protoplasts was repressed by those constructs containing the 3＇ untranslated sequence. The untranslated regions of the StBEL5 mRNA are involved in mediating its long-distance transport and in controlling translation. The 3＇ untranslated sequence contains an abundance of conserved motifs that may serve as binding motifs for RNA-binding proteins. Because of their presence in the phloem sieve tube system, their unique untranslated region sequences and their diverse RNA accumulation patterns, the family of BEL1-like RNAs from potato represents a valuable model for studying the long-distance transport of full-length mRNAs and their role in development.展开更多
Urban transport construction of thosedays should provide favourable conditionsfor cities to enter the twenty-first century.Itshould not be considered as too early to dis-cuss this issue now.What will our cities lookli...Urban transport construction of thosedays should provide favourable conditionsfor cities to enter the twenty-first century.Itshould not be considered as too early to dis-cuss this issue now.What will our cities looklike by the turn of the century Based on thestrategic goal of developing our socialisteconomy in three phases,we shall have at-tained the objectives set for the secondphase by the end of this century:our peoplewill have enjoyed fairly good living stand-展开更多
In the bluebook regarding public transport policies of our country,various documents and specialized papers ontraffic management,great emphasis has been laid on giving priority to the development of public transport.H...In the bluebook regarding public transport policies of our country,various documents and specialized papers ontraffic management,great emphasis has been laid on giving priority to the development of public transport.However,the problem of difficult bus-riding has become increasingly serious.What efforts have we made to facilitate the prior-ity development of public traffic in our urban planning,urban construction,and traffic management? What preferen-tial policies have been adopted for that purpose? The author attempts to discuss how,on the competitive market ofpassenger transport,public transport can make greater contribution to urban development.展开更多
Concerns have been raised regarding the equity and efficiency of Chinese healthcare systems,where improved transportation is expected to be a significant factor.The positive externalities of transport have been confir...Concerns have been raised regarding the equity and efficiency of Chinese healthcare systems,where improved transportation is expected to be a significant factor.The positive externalities of transport have been confirmed in many domains,but there is a lack of evidence in the field of healthcare.In this study,a three-stage analysis method is used based on provincial panel data from 2010 to 2019,to investigate the spatial effects of the transport development level on healthcare efficiency.It comprises super-efficient slacks-based measure data envelopment analysis,global principal component analysis,and spatial econometric analysis.The results of the evaluation show that both the transport development level and healthcare efficiency in China improved during the study period,with both variables displaying significant spatial heterogeneity and homogeneous agglomeration.The empirical results of the spatial Durbin model based on multiple spatial weight matrices show that the transport development level in a given region not only has a positive direct effect on healthcare efficiency in that region but also has a spatial spillover effect on healthcare efficiency in other regions.The findings provide further insight into the benefits of transport on healthcare and management implications for policymakers to coordinate the development of transport and healthcare systems.展开更多
文摘Transportation is the lifeline of human civilization and an important component of the infrastructure for economic growth.As transportation is closely related to regional economic development,the summarization of China's transportation development theory from the perspective of regional economics will be conducive to clarifying the relationships between transportation and regional economic development and providing basic theoretical support for regional economic research and policy application.From the perspective of regional economics,China’s transportation development theory falls into two categories:transportation resource allocations,and the interactions between transportation and economic development.In recent years,there has been a trend toward the integration of transportation development research with regional economic growth,and a deeper understanding of the relationships between them has been achieved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 41571523 and 41661144038)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No. 2013CBA01808)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2014BAC05B01)
文摘The economic benefits of transport infrastructure investment have been widely accepted.However,the varying influence of road transport development across vertical space has rarely been discussed.Taking Sichuan province in China as case study area where the landform is diverse and complex,administrative counties were categorized into 4 main types:plain counties,hill counties,mountain counties,and plateau counties.Using statistical data during 2006-2014,theperformanceofeconomic development and transport construction level in the four types of counties are discussed.Subsequently,the heterogeneous effect of each grade road on economy was calculated by local regression model(GWR).The results indicate that plain counties largely surpassed the other geomorphic counties in economic development level,while the gradient gap among them was on the decline.Similarly,distribution of transport infrastructure presented a decreasing trend from the low plain counties to high plateau counties.Regional imbalances were mainly reflected in the County road and Village road.Regarding the changes of regional gaps,National&Provincial roads and County roads were constantly expanding,whereas the disparity of Village road was slowly narrowing over time.Particularly noteworthy was the non-stationary economic influence of traffic factors across vertical gradients.On average,National&Provincial roads generated higher benefits in the high elevation regions than the lowlands.In contrast,County road and Village road were found to be more effective in promoting economic development in plains.With regard to local estimates of traffic factors,coefficients in mountain counties exhibited larger fluctuation ranges than other geomorphic units.The conclusions provide a basis for government decisionmaking in a more reasonable construction arrangement of road facilities and sustainable economic development.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41171107No.41371143
文摘As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relatively mature discipline. During the period 1930– 1980, the development of transportation geography consisted mainly of the publication of theoretical texts. During 1980–2000, it gradually became a systematic discipline. Since the start of the 21 st century, transportation geography has focused mainly on exploring the impacts of transportation on socio-economic development. Currently, studies on transportation geography have led to significant developments in a number of areas, including transportation theory, facility distribution and planning, transportation flows and network analysis, evaluation of transport modes, transportation planning, and simulation and assessment of urban transportation. Such studies have also enriched human geography research, provided a wider geographical overview and elucidated the development mechanism of transportation, as well as helped to understand the impacts of transport development on socio-economic systems. Some findings obtained by geographers have been widely used in transportation geography and related fields, including the four basic laws of transportation generation, the hub–spoke mode of transport organization, the subordinating and guiding functions of transportation on socio-economic development, regional transport dominance measures, accessibility measures, and spatial organization of port systems.
文摘The author presents the results being the effect of the analysis of innovative rate of individual technologies applied in opening up,development and extraction works which was carried out within the project:"scenarios of technological development of hard coal extractive industry".After presentation of opening up,development and extraction technologies that are applied in Polish hard coal industry and their classification with regard to innovation degree the author describes those technologies in a detailed manner.He brings attention to the most effective systems for hard coal deposits’ opening up,development and their extraction,including the extraction of the residual coal.The attention is also paid to the safety level of the applied technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72304192)Hongyi Xie acknowledges the support of the China Scholarship Council Program(No.202406100207).
文摘China’s inland waterway transport sector is facing the challenge of achieving carbon neutrality goals amidst its rapid development.However,the carbon mitigation potential of targeted interventions within inland waterway transport networks remains poorly understood.We construct a port-to-port carbon emission inventory for the inland waterway transport sector from 2019 to 2050.Jiangxi province,a typical dynamically developing region,is selected as the study area given its plans for the large-scale construction of new inland waterways in the future.Our results reveal that while waterway optimization improves cargo transport efficiency,it may lead to higher carbon emissions by 2030.However,with intensified mitigation efforts,it can contribute to significant emission reductions by 2050.In terms of strategic interventions,prioritizing transport technology upgrades(e.g.,improve energy efficiency)in the short-term,while transitioning to alternative fuels in the long-term,could reduce to 0.76 Mt emissions by 2050,representing a 72%decrease compared to 2019 levels.Our findings from the typical complex waterway transport network in China offer valuable insights for managing carbon emissions in inland waterways globally,especially in regions contemplating the expansion of their inland waterway systems.
基金supported by the United States Departmentof Agriculture NRI-CGP award no.2008-02806National Science Foundation-Plant Genome Research Program award no.0820659
文摘BELl-like transcription factors are ubiquitous in plants and interact with KNOTTEDI-types to regulate numerous developmental processes. In potato, the RNA of several BELl-like transcription factors has been identified in phloem cells. One of these, StBEL5, and its Knox protein partner regulate tuber formation by targeting genes that control growth. RNA detection methods and grafting experiments demonstrated that StBEL5 transcripts move across a graft union to localize in stolon tips, the site of tuber induction. This movement of RNA originates in source leaf veins and petioles and is induced by a short-day photoperiod, regulated by the untranslated regions, and correlated with enhanced tuber production. Addition of the StBEL5 untranslated regions to another BELl.like mRNA resulted in its preferential transport to stolon tips leading to increased tuber production. Upon fusion of the untranslated regions of StBEL5 to a β-glucuronidase marker, translation in tobacco protoplasts was repressed by those constructs containing the 3＇ untranslated sequence. The untranslated regions of the StBEL5 mRNA are involved in mediating its long-distance transport and in controlling translation. The 3＇ untranslated sequence contains an abundance of conserved motifs that may serve as binding motifs for RNA-binding proteins. Because of their presence in the phloem sieve tube system, their unique untranslated region sequences and their diverse RNA accumulation patterns, the family of BEL1-like RNAs from potato represents a valuable model for studying the long-distance transport of full-length mRNAs and their role in development.
文摘Urban transport construction of thosedays should provide favourable conditionsfor cities to enter the twenty-first century.Itshould not be considered as too early to dis-cuss this issue now.What will our cities looklike by the turn of the century Based on thestrategic goal of developing our socialisteconomy in three phases,we shall have at-tained the objectives set for the secondphase by the end of this century:our peoplewill have enjoyed fairly good living stand-
文摘In the bluebook regarding public transport policies of our country,various documents and specialized papers ontraffic management,great emphasis has been laid on giving priority to the development of public transport.However,the problem of difficult bus-riding has become increasingly serious.What efforts have we made to facilitate the prior-ity development of public traffic in our urban planning,urban construction,and traffic management? What preferen-tial policies have been adopted for that purpose? The author attempts to discuss how,on the competitive market ofpassenger transport,public transport can make greater contribution to urban development.
基金supported by fundings from the Major Program of The National Social Science Fund of China,China[grant number 24&ZD166].
文摘Concerns have been raised regarding the equity and efficiency of Chinese healthcare systems,where improved transportation is expected to be a significant factor.The positive externalities of transport have been confirmed in many domains,but there is a lack of evidence in the field of healthcare.In this study,a three-stage analysis method is used based on provincial panel data from 2010 to 2019,to investigate the spatial effects of the transport development level on healthcare efficiency.It comprises super-efficient slacks-based measure data envelopment analysis,global principal component analysis,and spatial econometric analysis.The results of the evaluation show that both the transport development level and healthcare efficiency in China improved during the study period,with both variables displaying significant spatial heterogeneity and homogeneous agglomeration.The empirical results of the spatial Durbin model based on multiple spatial weight matrices show that the transport development level in a given region not only has a positive direct effect on healthcare efficiency in that region but also has a spatial spillover effect on healthcare efficiency in other regions.The findings provide further insight into the benefits of transport on healthcare and management implications for policymakers to coordinate the development of transport and healthcare systems.
