Two-axis transportable satellite antennas(TATSAs) have been widely adopted owing to its simple structure and low cost. However, by searching in a wide range, it will take a very long searching time. Under extreme cond...Two-axis transportable satellite antennas(TATSAs) have been widely adopted owing to its simple structure and low cost. However, by searching in a wide range, it will take a very long searching time. Under extreme conditions, it will even fail to work. In this paper, we propose a novel roll compensation(RC) method for the low-cost TATSAs to achieve faster tracking even if when the antenna has no azimuth sensor. By analyzing the influence of roll axis on the system performance, details of the compensation method are derived. Simulation and measurement results indicate that the proposed RC method can effectively reduce the initial searching time for satellite communication. In addition, tracking along with the ellipse path with the RC method provides the highest tracking efficiency.展开更多
We present two cavity-stabilized lasers at 1555 nm, which are built to be the frequency source for a transportable photonic microwave generation system. The frequency instability reaches the thermal noise limit （7 &#...We present two cavity-stabilized lasers at 1555 nm, which are built to be the frequency source for a transportable photonic microwave generation system. The frequency instability reaches the thermal noise limit （7 ×10-16） of the 10-cm ultra-low expansion glass cavity at 1-10s averaging time and the beat signal of the two lasers reveals a remarkable linewidth of 185mHz.展开更多
We report an experimental demonstration of geopotential difference measurement using a pair of transportable ^(40)Ca^(+) optical clocks(TOC-729-1 and TOC-729-3)in the laboratory,each of them has an uncertainty of 1.3&...We report an experimental demonstration of geopotential difference measurement using a pair of transportable ^(40)Ca^(+) optical clocks(TOC-729-1 and TOC-729-3)in the laboratory,each of them has an uncertainty of 1.3×10^(−17) and an instability of 4.8×10^(−15)/√τ.Referenced to a stationary clock of TOC-729-1,the geopotential difference measurements are realized by moving TOC-729-3 to three different locations and the relevant altitude differences are measured with uncertainties at the level of 20 cm.After correcting the systematic shifts(including gravitational red shift),the two-clock frequency difference is measured to be–0.7(2.2)×10^(−17),considering both the statistic(1.0×10^(−17))and the systematic(1.9×10^(−17))uncertainties.The frequency difference between these two clocks is within their respective uncertainties,verifying the reliability of transportable ^(40)Ca^(+) optical clocks at the low level of 10^(−17).展开更多
This paper studies single-parent family conversation mainly,the researcher takes 10 hours of recordings in a single-parent family in Shenzhen as data to study conversational identity construction.
This paper proposes a new method for service restoration of distribution network with the support of transportable power sources(TPSs)and repair crews(RCs).Firstly,a coupling model of distribution networks and vehicle...This paper proposes a new method for service restoration of distribution network with the support of transportable power sources(TPSs)and repair crews(RCs).Firstly,a coupling model of distribution networks and vehicle routing of TPSs and RCs is proposed,where the TPSs serve as emergency power supply sources,and the RCs are used to repair the faulted lines.Considering the uncertainty of traffic congestion,the probability distribution of the travel time spent on each road is derived based on the Nesterov user equilibrium model,and a two-stage stochastic program is formulated to determine the optimal routings of TPSs and RCs.To efficiently solve the proposed stochastic mixed-integer linear program(MILP),a two-phase scenario reduction method is then developed to scale down the problem size,and an adaptive progressive hedging algorithm is used for an efficient solution.The effectiveness of the proposed methods and algorithms has been illustrated in a modified IEEE 33-bus system.展开更多
A high-performance transportable fountain clockis attractive for use in laboratories with high-precisiontime-frequency measurement requirements. This Letterreports the improvement of the stability of atransportable ru...A high-performance transportable fountain clockis attractive for use in laboratories with high-precisiontime-frequency measurement requirements. This Letterreports the improvement of the stability of atransportable rubidium-87 fountain clock because of anoptimization of temperature characteristics. This clockintegrates its physical packaging, optical benches,microwave frequency synthesizers, and electronic controlsonto an easily movable wheeled plate. Two optical bencheswith a high-vibration resistance are realized in thiswork. No additional adjustment is required after movingthem several times. The Allan deviation of the fountainclock frequency was measured by comparing it with that ofthe hydrogen maser. The fountain clock got a short-termstability of 2.3×10^-13 at 1 s and long-term stabilityon the order of 10-16 at 100,000 s.展开更多
Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation...Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation,continue to limit performance and stability.Molecular and ionic dipole interactions have emerged as an effective strategy to address these issues by regulating ionic transport,modulating solvation structures,optimizing interfacial chemistry,and enhancing charge transfer kinetics.These interactions also stabilize electrode interfaces,suppress side reactions,and mitigate anode corrosion,collectively improving the durability of high-energy batteries.A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential to guide the design of next-generation battery materials.Herein,this review summarizes the development,classification,and advantages of dipole interactions in high-energy batteries.The roles of dipoles,including facilitating ion transport,controlling solvation dynamics,stabilizing the electric double layer,optimizing solid electrolyte interphase and cathode–electrolyte interface layers,and inhibiting parasitic reactions—are comprehensively discussed.Finally,perspectives on future research directions are proposed to advance dipole-enabled strategies for high-performance energy storage.This review aims to provide insights into the rational design of dipole-interactive systems and promote the progress of electrochemical energy storage technologies.展开更多
Background:Excessive use of inorganic trace minerals(ITMs)in swine production leads to high fecal mineral excretion and environmental risks,while most studies on organic trace minerals(OTMs)focus on single elements,wi...Background:Excessive use of inorganic trace minerals(ITMs)in swine production leads to high fecal mineral excretion and environmental risks,while most studies on organic trace minerals(OTMs)focus on single elements,with limited data on the synergistic effects and molecular mechanisms of combined OTMs(Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn)in growing-finishing pigs.Methods:This study aimed to investigate the effects of graded levels of micromineral proteinates(combined OTMs)on growth performance,mineral metabolism,and mRNA expression of mineral regulatory proteins.A total of 360 crossbred Duroc×Landrace×Large White pigs(initial body weight 47.1±4.8 kg)were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments:basal diet without microminerals(CON),basal diet with ITMs at commercially recommended levels(IT),and basal diets with 15%(OT 15%),25%(OT 25%),35%(OT 35%)commercially recommended levels(CRL)of combined micromineral proteinates.After a 70-day feeding trial,samples were analyzed using ICP-OES,ELISA,and RT-qPCR.Results:Results showed that reduced levels(15-35%CRL)of micromineral proteinates did not significantly affect average daily gain,average daily feed intake,or feed conversion ratio(gain-to-feed ratio)compared to IT(P>0.05),but significantly increased plasma Cu(1.73-1.83μg/mL)and Zn(1.72-1.97μg/mL)concentrations(P<0.05)and elevated activities of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase(32.9-35.9 U/L)and manganese superoxide dismutase(20.5-24.1 U/L)compared to CON(P<0.05),with no significant differences from IT(P>0.05).Fecal excretion of Fe,Cu,Mn,and Zn was significantly reduced by 35-50%in OT 15%-OT 35%groups compared to IT(P<0.05).OT 25%group exhibited the highest apparent absorptivity of Fe(38.5%),Cu(27.8%),and Zn(42.4%)(P<0.05),which was associated with significantly regulated mRNA expression of mineral regulatory proteins:upregulated DMT1,FPN1,ZIP4,and MT1A in the duodenum,and modulated HAMP,ATP7B,ZIP14,and ZnT1 in the liver(P<0.05).Conclusion:In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 25%CRL or less of combined micromineral proteinates can fully meet the nutritional needs of growing-finishing pigs,improve mineral absorptivity,and reduce fecal mineral excretion by regulating intestinal and hepatic mineral transport and homeostatic proteins,providing a sustainable alternative to high-dose ITMs.展开更多
The coupling of photoanode(Pho)and oxygen evolution catalyst(OEC)is an ideal approach to enhance the photoelectrochemical(PEC)activity.Nevertheless,the anticipated photocurrent density has not been reached due to slow...The coupling of photoanode(Pho)and oxygen evolution catalyst(OEC)is an ideal approach to enhance the photoelectrochemical(PEC)activity.Nevertheless,the anticipated photocurrent density has not been reached due to slow charge transfer dynamics and severe charge recombination at the interface.Herein,a novel“killing two birds with one stone”approach was discovered by employing CoPi as an interface mediator,which shifts its charge transfer behavior from conventional hole storage or passivation to hole transporter.The optimized BiVO_(4)/CoPi/FeOOH photoanode achieves a noteworthy photocurrent density of 5.4 mA/cm^(2) and exhibits long term stability(13 h).The dynamic analysis and electrochemical characterization reveal that CoPi can rapidly and directly transfer more photogenerated holes to the surface of OEC in comparison to traditional slow holes transfer behavior,resulting in highly efficient interface charge separation.Interestingly,the strong interfacial interactions can also be extended to OEC/electrolyte interface,specifically by promoting the surface reaction dynamics.Moreover,this innovative approach of altering behavior of CoPi can also be utilized to design other photoanodes,like BiVO_(4)/CoPi/NiOOH,aimed at efficient PEC water splitting.This finding affords a smart strategy to develop highly efficient and stable photoelectrodes for water splitting.展开更多
Northeast China(NEC),a critical agricultural and ecological zone,has experienced intensified hydrological variability under global warming,with cascading impacts on food security and ecosystem resilience.This study ut...Northeast China(NEC),a critical agricultural and ecological zone,has experienced intensified hydrological variability under global warming,with cascading impacts on food security and ecosystem resilience.This study utilized observational data and two new generation reanalysis products(i.e.,the fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF(ERA5)and the Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century(JRA-3Q))to investigate the shift changes in precipitation in NEC around 2000 and associated water vapor transport.The analysis identified a pivotal interdecadal shift in 1998/99,transitioning from moderate increases(17.5 mm/10 yr during 1980-1998)to accelerated but more variable precipitation growth(85.4 mm/10 yr post-1999).While the mean precipitation during the post-shift period decreased,enhanced anticyclonic circulation amplified moisture divergence over continental NEC,redirecting vapor flux toward coastal regions.Crucially,trajectory analysis demonstrated regime-dependent moisture sourcing:midlatitude westerlies dominated during wet extremes(44% of trajectories in 1998),whereas East Asian monsoon flows prevailed in drought years(36% of trajectories in 2007).The post-1998 period exhibited increased reliance on localized recycling(45%of mid-tropospheric trajectories),reflecting weakened monsoonal inflow.These findings highlight NEC’s growing vulnerability to competing moisture pathways and atmospheric blocking-a dual mechanism that explains rising extremes despite declining mean precipitation.By reconciling dataset discrepancies(ERA5 vs.JRA-3Q trends)and elucidating circulation-precipitation linkages,this work provides actionable insights for climate-resilient agriculture in NEC’s water-stressed ecosystems.展开更多
A key pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is that lysosomes are overwhelmed with cellular materials that need to be degraded and cleared.While the build-up of protein is characteristic of neurodegenerative...A key pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is that lysosomes are overwhelmed with cellular materials that need to be degraded and cleared.While the build-up of protein is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD and Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and is thought to reflect lysosome dysfunction,lipid accumulation may also contribute to and be indicative of severe lysosomal dysfunction.Much is known about the detrimental effects of glucosylceramide accumulation in PD lysosomes.展开更多
To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains i...To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains in a subcritical state during routine,normal,and accidental transport conditions.In the event of an accident,the rods within the storage tank may become rearranged,introducing uncertainty that must be accounted for to ensure that criticality analysis results are conservative.Historically,this uncertainty was addressed overly conservatively due to limited research on non-uniform arrangement scenarios,which proved unsuitable for criticality safety analysis of spent fuel packages.This paper introduced three distinct methods to non-uniformly rearrange fuel rods—Uniform Arrangement by Blocks,Layer-by-Layer Determination,and Birdcage Deformation—and meticulously evaluates the influences of rod rearrangement on the effective multiplication factor of neutrons,k eff,utilizing the Monte Carlo method.Ultimately,this study presents a holistic method capable of encompassing the entire spectrum of potential effects stemming from the rearrangement of fuel rods during rods mispositioning accident.By augmenting the safety margin,this approach proves to be adeptly suited for the criticality safety analysis of nuclear fuel transport containers.展开更多
Fe-N-C catalysts,as promising non-precious metal alternatives for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),still suffer from severe mass transport limitations in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to water flood...Fe-N-C catalysts,as promising non-precious metal alternatives for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),still suffer from severe mass transport limitations in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to water flooding of active sites embedded in micropores.Although pore engineering through a selected template is a general strategy,the structural features of an ideal template,particularly those governing the exposure of active sites and thus affecting mass transport,remain elusive.Here,we demonstrate that low-porosity carbon templates maximize the ratio of active sites distributed at or near the surface,thereby enhancing their exposure and accessibility while reducing mass transport resistance during the ORR process.The C_(lp-1)@PPy and C_(lp-2)@PPy(PPy=polypyrrole)catalysts,derived from low-porosity carbon templates,achieve peak power densities of 0.96 and 1.03 W·cm^(-2) under H_(2)/O_(2)and 0.50 and 0.52 W·cm^(-2) under H_(2)/air,demonstrating excellent performance in PEMFC tests.Structural and electrochemical characterizations reveal that the enhanced surface exposure of active sites effectively mitigates mass transport resistance during the ORR,thereby offering a general design principle for overcoming mass transport limitations in Fe-N-C catalysts for PEMFC applications.展开更多
Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic ...Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic engineering strategy is proposed to regulate the Na^(+)coordinated structure by employing a fluorinated metal–organic framework as an electron-rich model.Theoretical and experimental results revealed that the abundant electron-rich F sites can accelerate the disassociation of Na-salt through electrostatic attraction to release free Na^(+),while forcing anions into a Na^(+)coordination structure though electrostatic repulsion to weaken the Na^(+)coordination with polymer,thus promoting rapid Na^(+)transport.The optimized anion-rich weak solvation structure fosters a stable inorganic-dominated solid–electrolyte interphase,significantly enhancing the interfacial stability toward Na anode.Consequently,the Na/Na symmetric cell delivered stable Na plating/stripping over 2500 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2).Impressively,the assembled ASSMBs demonstrated stable performance of over 2000 cycles even under high rate of 2 C with capacity retention nearly 100%,surpassing most reported ASSMBs using various solid-state electrolytes.This work provides a new avenue for regulating the Na^(+)coordination structure of SPEs by exploration of electrostatic effect engineering to achieve high-performance all-solid-state alkali metal batteries.展开更多
The GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)space mission recorded temporal variation characteristics of the global gravity field at decadal timescales.The gravity data have been shown to capture the dynamics of...The GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)space mission recorded temporal variation characteristics of the global gravity field at decadal timescales.The gravity data have been shown to capture the dynamics of flows within the outer core and their effects on the core-mantle boundary.We first aim to remove global surface process gravity signals from the GRACE data.We then construct the global core magnetic field according to the CHAOS-7 model.Finally,we apply the blind source separation method to decompose the processed gravity signals and core magnetic signals and compute the power spectral density of the gravity and magnetic field signals by using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram approach.We have discovered a signal cycle(of~6 years)in the principal components of the core magnetic and gravity signals,potentially as a result of deep Earth processes.The main principal components of the core magnetic and gravity signals reveal that the variation trends in the second-order time derivative of the core magnetic field are similar to those in the gravity field.After 2014,the second-order time derivative of the core magnetic field exhibited linear and rapid change characteristics,which were the same as the change in the gravity field and are consistent with existing research results.展开更多
To prevent the spread of pine wilt disease(PWD),a transportable carbonization equipment was designed for in-situ treatment of infected pine wood(IPW).The equipment killed all pine wood nematodes(PWNs)in IPW when carbo...To prevent the spread of pine wilt disease(PWD),a transportable carbonization equipment was designed for in-situ treatment of infected pine wood(IPW).The equipment killed all pine wood nematodes(PWNs)in IPW when carbonization temperature was up to 200℃.The optimal laboratory process of infected pine wood charcoal(IPWC)was carbonization temperature of 500℃,heating rate of 3℃min^(−1)and holding time of 0 min.Based on the optimal laboratory process,the transportable carbonization equipment produced IPWC with a fixed carbon content of 79.82%,and ash content of 1.14%and a moisture content of 7.83%,which meets the requirements of EN 1860-2:2005(E)standard.The economic efficiency of incineration(T1 mode),crushing(T2 mode),and transportable carbonization(T3 mode)was evaluated.For each ton of IPW treatment,the profit generated was−75.48 USD in T1 mode,26.28 USD in T2 mode,and 51.91 USD in T3 mode.T3 mode had the highest economic efficiency.These findings will be helpful to provide guidance for the control of PWD and value-added utilization of IPW.展开更多
In tomato,early fruit development involves rapid cell division and expansion,which are highly dependent on sugar availability(Huang et al.,2025;Yuan et al.,2025).After fruit set,soluble sugars are loaded into pericarp...In tomato,early fruit development involves rapid cell division and expansion,which are highly dependent on sugar availability(Huang et al.,2025;Yuan et al.,2025).After fruit set,soluble sugars are loaded into pericarp cells through the symplasmic(cytosol)or apoplasmic pathway(cell wall and extracellular matrix)(Patrick and Offler,1996).Sucrose,as the major form of carbon translocated to tomato fruit,can be directly unloaded into fruit cells.However,some sucrose can be hydrolyzed by extracellular invertase,producing glucose and fructose for metabolism and biosynthesis in pericarp cells(Ruan,2014).展开更多
Stress granules are membraneless organelles that serve as a protective cellular response to external stressors by sequestering non-translating messenger RNAs(mRNAs)and regulating protein synthesis.Stress granules form...Stress granules are membraneless organelles that serve as a protective cellular response to external stressors by sequestering non-translating messenger RNAs(mRNAs)and regulating protein synthesis.Stress granules formation mechanism is conserved across species,from yeast to mammals,and they play a critical role in minimizing cellular damage during stress.Composed of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein complexes,stress granules are enriched not only in mRNAs but also in noncoding RNAs and various proteins,including translation initiation factors and RNA-binding proteins.Genetic mutations affecting stress granule assembly and disassembly can lead to abnormal stress granule accumulation,contributing to the progression of several diseases.Recent research indicates that stress granule dynamics are pivotal in determining their physiological and pathological functions,with acute stress granule formation offering protection and chronic stress granule accumulation being detrimental.This review focuses on the multifaceted roles of stress granules under diverse physiological conditions,such as regulation of mRNA transport,mRNA translation,apoptosis,germ cell development,phase separation processes that govern stress granule formation,and their emerging implications in pathophysiological scenarios,such as viral infections,cancer,neurodevelopmental disorders,neurodegeneration,and neuronal trauma.展开更多
In physics,our expectations for system behavior are often guided by intuitive arithmetic.For systems composed of identical units,we anticipate synergy of the contributions from these units,where 1+1=2.Conversely,for s...In physics,our expectations for system behavior are often guided by intuitive arithmetic.For systems composed of identical units,we anticipate synergy of the contributions from these units,where 1+1=2.Conversely,for systems built from opposing units,we expect cancellation of their contributions,where 1-1=0.This intuitive arithmetic has long underpinned our understanding of physical properties of materials,from electronic transport to optical responses.However,scientific breakthroughs often occur when nature reveals ways to circumvent these seemingly fundamental rules,opening new possibilities that challenge our deepest assumptions about material behavior.展开更多
Research into lactylation modifications across various target organs in both health and disease has gained significant attention.Many essential life processes and the onset of diseases are not only related to protein ...Research into lactylation modifications across various target organs in both health and disease has gained significant attention.Many essential life processes and the onset of diseases are not only related to protein abundance but are also primarily regulated by various post-translational protein modifications.Lactate,once considered merely a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism,has emerged as a crucial energy substrate and signaling molecule involved in both physiological and pathological processes within the nervous system.Furthermore,recent studies have emphasized the significant role of lactate in numerous neurological diseases,including Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,acute cerebral ischemic stroke,multiple sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and myasthenia gravis.The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current research on lactate and lactylation modifications in neurological diseases,aiming to clarify their mechanisms of action and identify potential therapeutic targets.As such,this work provides an overview of the metabolic regulatory roles of lactate in various disorders,emphasizing its involvement in the regulation of brain function.Additionally,the specific mechanisms of brain lactate metabolism are discussed,suggesting the unique roles of lactate in modulating brain function.As a critical aspect of lactate function,lactylation modifications,including both histone and non-histone lactylation,are explored,with an emphasis on recent advancements in identifying the key regulatory enzymes of such modifications,such as lactylation writers and erasers.The effects and specific mechanisms of abnormal lactate metabolism in diverse neurological diseases are summarized,revealing that lactate acts as a signaling molecule in the regulation of brain functions and that abnormal lactate metabolism is implicated in the progression of various neurological disorders.Future research should focus on further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying lactate and lactylation modifications and exploring their potential as therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.展开更多
基金jointly sponsored by scientific research foundation NUPTSF(Grant No.NY-214144 and Grant No.NY-215073)NSFC(Grant No.61701260)
文摘Two-axis transportable satellite antennas(TATSAs) have been widely adopted owing to its simple structure and low cost. However, by searching in a wide range, it will take a very long searching time. Under extreme conditions, it will even fail to work. In this paper, we propose a novel roll compensation(RC) method for the low-cost TATSAs to achieve faster tracking even if when the antenna has no azimuth sensor. By analyzing the influence of roll axis on the system performance, details of the compensation method are derived. Simulation and measurement results indicate that the proposed RC method can effectively reduce the initial searching time for satellite communication. In addition, tracking along with the ellipse path with the RC method provides the highest tracking efficiency.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 91536217the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No 2013ZD02the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No 2015334
文摘We present two cavity-stabilized lasers at 1555 nm, which are built to be the frequency source for a transportable photonic microwave generation system. The frequency instability reaches the thermal noise limit （7 ×10-16） of the 10-cm ultra-low expansion glass cavity at 1-10s averaging time and the beat signal of the two lasers reveals a remarkable linewidth of 185mHz.
基金Project supported by the Basic Frontier Science Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.ZDBS-LY-DQC028)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2017YFA0304404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11674357)。
文摘We report an experimental demonstration of geopotential difference measurement using a pair of transportable ^(40)Ca^(+) optical clocks(TOC-729-1 and TOC-729-3)in the laboratory,each of them has an uncertainty of 1.3×10^(−17) and an instability of 4.8×10^(−15)/√τ.Referenced to a stationary clock of TOC-729-1,the geopotential difference measurements are realized by moving TOC-729-3 to three different locations and the relevant altitude differences are measured with uncertainties at the level of 20 cm.After correcting the systematic shifts(including gravitational red shift),the two-clock frequency difference is measured to be–0.7(2.2)×10^(−17),considering both the statistic(1.0×10^(−17))and the systematic(1.9×10^(−17))uncertainties.The frequency difference between these two clocks is within their respective uncertainties,verifying the reliability of transportable ^(40)Ca^(+) optical clocks at the low level of 10^(−17).
文摘This paper studies single-parent family conversation mainly,the researcher takes 10 hours of recordings in a single-parent family in Shenzhen as data to study conversational identity construction.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72171026).
文摘This paper proposes a new method for service restoration of distribution network with the support of transportable power sources(TPSs)and repair crews(RCs).Firstly,a coupling model of distribution networks and vehicle routing of TPSs and RCs is proposed,where the TPSs serve as emergency power supply sources,and the RCs are used to repair the faulted lines.Considering the uncertainty of traffic congestion,the probability distribution of the travel time spent on each road is derived based on the Nesterov user equilibrium model,and a two-stage stochastic program is formulated to determine the optimal routings of TPSs and RCs.To efficiently solve the proposed stochastic mixed-integer linear program(MILP),a two-phase scenario reduction method is then developed to scale down the problem size,and an adaptive progressive hedging algorithm is used for an efficient solution.The effectiveness of the proposed methods and algorithms has been illustrated in a modified IEEE 33-bus system.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2013YQ09094304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11034008)
文摘A high-performance transportable fountain clockis attractive for use in laboratories with high-precisiontime-frequency measurement requirements. This Letterreports the improvement of the stability of atransportable rubidium-87 fountain clock because of anoptimization of temperature characteristics. This clockintegrates its physical packaging, optical benches,microwave frequency synthesizers, and electronic controlsonto an easily movable wheeled plate. Two optical bencheswith a high-vibration resistance are realized in thiswork. No additional adjustment is required after movingthem several times. The Allan deviation of the fountainclock frequency was measured by comparing it with that ofthe hydrogen maser. The fountain clock got a short-termstability of 2.3×10^-13 at 1 s and long-term stabilityon the order of 10-16 at 100,000 s.
基金supported by the introduction of Talent Research Fund in Nanjing Institute of Technology(YKJ202204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52401282 and 52300206)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230701 and BK20230705).
文摘Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation,continue to limit performance and stability.Molecular and ionic dipole interactions have emerged as an effective strategy to address these issues by regulating ionic transport,modulating solvation structures,optimizing interfacial chemistry,and enhancing charge transfer kinetics.These interactions also stabilize electrode interfaces,suppress side reactions,and mitigate anode corrosion,collectively improving the durability of high-energy batteries.A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential to guide the design of next-generation battery materials.Herein,this review summarizes the development,classification,and advantages of dipole interactions in high-energy batteries.The roles of dipoles,including facilitating ion transport,controlling solvation dynamics,stabilizing the electric double layer,optimizing solid electrolyte interphase and cathode–electrolyte interface layers,and inhibiting parasitic reactions—are comprehensively discussed.Finally,perspectives on future research directions are proposed to advance dipole-enabled strategies for high-performance energy storage.This review aims to provide insights into the rational design of dipole-interactive systems and promote the progress of electrochemical energy storage technologies.
基金financially supported by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(Grant no:ZDYF2024XDNY187).
文摘Background:Excessive use of inorganic trace minerals(ITMs)in swine production leads to high fecal mineral excretion and environmental risks,while most studies on organic trace minerals(OTMs)focus on single elements,with limited data on the synergistic effects and molecular mechanisms of combined OTMs(Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn)in growing-finishing pigs.Methods:This study aimed to investigate the effects of graded levels of micromineral proteinates(combined OTMs)on growth performance,mineral metabolism,and mRNA expression of mineral regulatory proteins.A total of 360 crossbred Duroc×Landrace×Large White pigs(initial body weight 47.1±4.8 kg)were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments:basal diet without microminerals(CON),basal diet with ITMs at commercially recommended levels(IT),and basal diets with 15%(OT 15%),25%(OT 25%),35%(OT 35%)commercially recommended levels(CRL)of combined micromineral proteinates.After a 70-day feeding trial,samples were analyzed using ICP-OES,ELISA,and RT-qPCR.Results:Results showed that reduced levels(15-35%CRL)of micromineral proteinates did not significantly affect average daily gain,average daily feed intake,or feed conversion ratio(gain-to-feed ratio)compared to IT(P>0.05),but significantly increased plasma Cu(1.73-1.83μg/mL)and Zn(1.72-1.97μg/mL)concentrations(P<0.05)and elevated activities of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase(32.9-35.9 U/L)and manganese superoxide dismutase(20.5-24.1 U/L)compared to CON(P<0.05),with no significant differences from IT(P>0.05).Fecal excretion of Fe,Cu,Mn,and Zn was significantly reduced by 35-50%in OT 15%-OT 35%groups compared to IT(P<0.05).OT 25%group exhibited the highest apparent absorptivity of Fe(38.5%),Cu(27.8%),and Zn(42.4%)(P<0.05),which was associated with significantly regulated mRNA expression of mineral regulatory proteins:upregulated DMT1,FPN1,ZIP4,and MT1A in the duodenum,and modulated HAMP,ATP7B,ZIP14,and ZnT1 in the liver(P<0.05).Conclusion:In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 25%CRL or less of combined micromineral proteinates can fully meet the nutritional needs of growing-finishing pigs,improve mineral absorptivity,and reduce fecal mineral excretion by regulating intestinal and hepatic mineral transport and homeostatic proteins,providing a sustainable alternative to high-dose ITMs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22202126,52273186,51873100,and 62105194)San Qin Scholars Innovation Teams in Shaanxi Province,China,International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science,and International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2021KW-20).
文摘The coupling of photoanode(Pho)and oxygen evolution catalyst(OEC)is an ideal approach to enhance the photoelectrochemical(PEC)activity.Nevertheless,the anticipated photocurrent density has not been reached due to slow charge transfer dynamics and severe charge recombination at the interface.Herein,a novel“killing two birds with one stone”approach was discovered by employing CoPi as an interface mediator,which shifts its charge transfer behavior from conventional hole storage or passivation to hole transporter.The optimized BiVO_(4)/CoPi/FeOOH photoanode achieves a noteworthy photocurrent density of 5.4 mA/cm^(2) and exhibits long term stability(13 h).The dynamic analysis and electrochemical characterization reveal that CoPi can rapidly and directly transfer more photogenerated holes to the surface of OEC in comparison to traditional slow holes transfer behavior,resulting in highly efficient interface charge separation.Interestingly,the strong interfacial interactions can also be extended to OEC/electrolyte interface,specifically by promoting the surface reaction dynamics.Moreover,this innovative approach of altering behavior of CoPi can also be utilized to design other photoanodes,like BiVO_(4)/CoPi/NiOOH,aimed at efficient PEC water splitting.This finding affords a smart strategy to develop highly efficient and stable photoelectrodes for water splitting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 42275185 and 42205032]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[grant number B250201118]。
文摘Northeast China(NEC),a critical agricultural and ecological zone,has experienced intensified hydrological variability under global warming,with cascading impacts on food security and ecosystem resilience.This study utilized observational data and two new generation reanalysis products(i.e.,the fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF(ERA5)and the Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century(JRA-3Q))to investigate the shift changes in precipitation in NEC around 2000 and associated water vapor transport.The analysis identified a pivotal interdecadal shift in 1998/99,transitioning from moderate increases(17.5 mm/10 yr during 1980-1998)to accelerated but more variable precipitation growth(85.4 mm/10 yr post-1999).While the mean precipitation during the post-shift period decreased,enhanced anticyclonic circulation amplified moisture divergence over continental NEC,redirecting vapor flux toward coastal regions.Crucially,trajectory analysis demonstrated regime-dependent moisture sourcing:midlatitude westerlies dominated during wet extremes(44% of trajectories in 1998),whereas East Asian monsoon flows prevailed in drought years(36% of trajectories in 2007).The post-1998 period exhibited increased reliance on localized recycling(45%of mid-tropospheric trajectories),reflecting weakened monsoonal inflow.These findings highlight NEC’s growing vulnerability to competing moisture pathways and atmospheric blocking-a dual mechanism that explains rising extremes despite declining mean precipitation.By reconciling dataset discrepancies(ERA5 vs.JRA-3Q trends)and elucidating circulation-precipitation linkages,this work provides actionable insights for climate-resilient agriculture in NEC’s water-stressed ecosystems.
文摘A key pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is that lysosomes are overwhelmed with cellular materials that need to be degraded and cleared.While the build-up of protein is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD and Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and is thought to reflect lysosome dysfunction,lipid accumulation may also contribute to and be indicative of severe lysosomal dysfunction.Much is known about the detrimental effects of glucosylceramide accumulation in PD lysosomes.
文摘To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains in a subcritical state during routine,normal,and accidental transport conditions.In the event of an accident,the rods within the storage tank may become rearranged,introducing uncertainty that must be accounted for to ensure that criticality analysis results are conservative.Historically,this uncertainty was addressed overly conservatively due to limited research on non-uniform arrangement scenarios,which proved unsuitable for criticality safety analysis of spent fuel packages.This paper introduced three distinct methods to non-uniformly rearrange fuel rods—Uniform Arrangement by Blocks,Layer-by-Layer Determination,and Birdcage Deformation—and meticulously evaluates the influences of rod rearrangement on the effective multiplication factor of neutrons,k eff,utilizing the Monte Carlo method.Ultimately,this study presents a holistic method capable of encompassing the entire spectrum of potential effects stemming from the rearrangement of fuel rods during rods mispositioning accident.By augmenting the safety margin,this approach proves to be adeptly suited for the criticality safety analysis of nuclear fuel transport containers.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFA1509500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22479010)+5 种基金the financial support from the Chongqing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.CSTB2024NSCQJQX0034)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KJZD20240903101359020)the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22372004)the support from the Experimental Center of Advanced Materials of the Beijing Institute of Technologythe technical support from Biological and Medical Engineering Core Facilities of Beijing Institute of Technologythe Analysis and Testing Center of Beijing Institute of Technology.
文摘Fe-N-C catalysts,as promising non-precious metal alternatives for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),still suffer from severe mass transport limitations in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to water flooding of active sites embedded in micropores.Although pore engineering through a selected template is a general strategy,the structural features of an ideal template,particularly those governing the exposure of active sites and thus affecting mass transport,remain elusive.Here,we demonstrate that low-porosity carbon templates maximize the ratio of active sites distributed at or near the surface,thereby enhancing their exposure and accessibility while reducing mass transport resistance during the ORR process.The C_(lp-1)@PPy and C_(lp-2)@PPy(PPy=polypyrrole)catalysts,derived from low-porosity carbon templates,achieve peak power densities of 0.96 and 1.03 W·cm^(-2) under H_(2)/O_(2)and 0.50 and 0.52 W·cm^(-2) under H_(2)/air,demonstrating excellent performance in PEMFC tests.Structural and electrochemical characterizations reveal that the enhanced surface exposure of active sites effectively mitigates mass transport resistance during the ORR,thereby offering a general design principle for overcoming mass transport limitations in Fe-N-C catalysts for PEMFC applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52473213 and No.52203261)。
文摘Ion migration capability and interfacial chemistry of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASSMBs)are closely related to the Na^(+)coordination environment.Herein,an electrostatic engineering strategy is proposed to regulate the Na^(+)coordinated structure by employing a fluorinated metal–organic framework as an electron-rich model.Theoretical and experimental results revealed that the abundant electron-rich F sites can accelerate the disassociation of Na-salt through electrostatic attraction to release free Na^(+),while forcing anions into a Na^(+)coordination structure though electrostatic repulsion to weaken the Na^(+)coordination with polymer,thus promoting rapid Na^(+)transport.The optimized anion-rich weak solvation structure fosters a stable inorganic-dominated solid–electrolyte interphase,significantly enhancing the interfacial stability toward Na anode.Consequently,the Na/Na symmetric cell delivered stable Na plating/stripping over 2500 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2).Impressively,the assembled ASSMBs demonstrated stable performance of over 2000 cycles even under high rate of 2 C with capacity retention nearly 100%,surpassing most reported ASSMBs using various solid-state electrolytes.This work provides a new avenue for regulating the Na^(+)coordination structure of SPEs by exploration of electrostatic effect engineering to achieve high-performance all-solid-state alkali metal batteries.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42274003,41974007,and 41774019).
文摘The GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)space mission recorded temporal variation characteristics of the global gravity field at decadal timescales.The gravity data have been shown to capture the dynamics of flows within the outer core and their effects on the core-mantle boundary.We first aim to remove global surface process gravity signals from the GRACE data.We then construct the global core magnetic field according to the CHAOS-7 model.Finally,we apply the blind source separation method to decompose the processed gravity signals and core magnetic signals and compute the power spectral density of the gravity and magnetic field signals by using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram approach.We have discovered a signal cycle(of~6 years)in the principal components of the core magnetic and gravity signals,potentially as a result of deep Earth processes.The main principal components of the core magnetic and gravity signals reveal that the variation trends in the second-order time derivative of the core magnetic field are similar to those in the gravity field.After 2014,the second-order time derivative of the core magnetic field exhibited linear and rapid change characteristics,which were the same as the change in the gravity field and are consistent with existing research results.
基金supported by the"National Natural Science Foundation of China"(Grant numbers 31971742)"Basic Scientific Research Funds of International Centre"(1632023003).
文摘To prevent the spread of pine wilt disease(PWD),a transportable carbonization equipment was designed for in-situ treatment of infected pine wood(IPW).The equipment killed all pine wood nematodes(PWNs)in IPW when carbonization temperature was up to 200℃.The optimal laboratory process of infected pine wood charcoal(IPWC)was carbonization temperature of 500℃,heating rate of 3℃min^(−1)and holding time of 0 min.Based on the optimal laboratory process,the transportable carbonization equipment produced IPWC with a fixed carbon content of 79.82%,and ash content of 1.14%and a moisture content of 7.83%,which meets the requirements of EN 1860-2:2005(E)standard.The economic efficiency of incineration(T1 mode),crushing(T2 mode),and transportable carbonization(T3 mode)was evaluated.For each ton of IPW treatment,the profit generated was−75.48 USD in T1 mode,26.28 USD in T2 mode,and 51.91 USD in T3 mode.T3 mode had the highest economic efficiency.These findings will be helpful to provide guidance for the control of PWD and value-added utilization of IPW.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32120103010,32341045,and 32272729).
文摘In tomato,early fruit development involves rapid cell division and expansion,which are highly dependent on sugar availability(Huang et al.,2025;Yuan et al.,2025).After fruit set,soluble sugars are loaded into pericarp cells through the symplasmic(cytosol)or apoplasmic pathway(cell wall and extracellular matrix)(Patrick and Offler,1996).Sucrose,as the major form of carbon translocated to tomato fruit,can be directly unloaded into fruit cells.However,some sucrose can be hydrolyzed by extracellular invertase,producing glucose and fructose for metabolism and biosynthesis in pericarp cells(Ruan,2014).
基金supported by a grant from the Merkin Peripheral Neuropathy and Nerve Regeneration Center(to PKS)the Rutgers University Startup Fund(to PKS).
文摘Stress granules are membraneless organelles that serve as a protective cellular response to external stressors by sequestering non-translating messenger RNAs(mRNAs)and regulating protein synthesis.Stress granules formation mechanism is conserved across species,from yeast to mammals,and they play a critical role in minimizing cellular damage during stress.Composed of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein complexes,stress granules are enriched not only in mRNAs but also in noncoding RNAs and various proteins,including translation initiation factors and RNA-binding proteins.Genetic mutations affecting stress granule assembly and disassembly can lead to abnormal stress granule accumulation,contributing to the progression of several diseases.Recent research indicates that stress granule dynamics are pivotal in determining their physiological and pathological functions,with acute stress granule formation offering protection and chronic stress granule accumulation being detrimental.This review focuses on the multifaceted roles of stress granules under diverse physiological conditions,such as regulation of mRNA transport,mRNA translation,apoptosis,germ cell development,phase separation processes that govern stress granule formation,and their emerging implications in pathophysiological scenarios,such as viral infections,cancer,neurodevelopmental disorders,neurodegeneration,and neuronal trauma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12374109)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2023YFA1406600)。
文摘In physics,our expectations for system behavior are often guided by intuitive arithmetic.For systems composed of identical units,we anticipate synergy of the contributions from these units,where 1+1=2.Conversely,for systems built from opposing units,we expect cancellation of their contributions,where 1-1=0.This intuitive arithmetic has long underpinned our understanding of physical properties of materials,from electronic transport to optical responses.However,scientific breakthroughs often occur when nature reveals ways to circumvent these seemingly fundamental rules,opening new possibilities that challenge our deepest assumptions about material behavior.
基金supported by Applied Basic Research Joint Fund Project of Yunnan Province,No.202301AY070001-200Middle-aged Academic and Technical Training Project for High-Level Talents,No.202105AC160065+1 种基金Yunnan Clinical Medical Center for Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases,No.YWLCYXZX2023300077Key Clinical Specialty of Neurology in Yunnan Province,No.300064(all to CL)。
文摘Research into lactylation modifications across various target organs in both health and disease has gained significant attention.Many essential life processes and the onset of diseases are not only related to protein abundance but are also primarily regulated by various post-translational protein modifications.Lactate,once considered merely a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism,has emerged as a crucial energy substrate and signaling molecule involved in both physiological and pathological processes within the nervous system.Furthermore,recent studies have emphasized the significant role of lactate in numerous neurological diseases,including Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,acute cerebral ischemic stroke,multiple sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and myasthenia gravis.The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current research on lactate and lactylation modifications in neurological diseases,aiming to clarify their mechanisms of action and identify potential therapeutic targets.As such,this work provides an overview of the metabolic regulatory roles of lactate in various disorders,emphasizing its involvement in the regulation of brain function.Additionally,the specific mechanisms of brain lactate metabolism are discussed,suggesting the unique roles of lactate in modulating brain function.As a critical aspect of lactate function,lactylation modifications,including both histone and non-histone lactylation,are explored,with an emphasis on recent advancements in identifying the key regulatory enzymes of such modifications,such as lactylation writers and erasers.The effects and specific mechanisms of abnormal lactate metabolism in diverse neurological diseases are summarized,revealing that lactate acts as a signaling molecule in the regulation of brain functions and that abnormal lactate metabolism is implicated in the progression of various neurological disorders.Future research should focus on further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying lactate and lactylation modifications and exploring their potential as therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.
