Although the Zika virus is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of infected female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes,it can also be sexually and vertically transmitted within both populations.In this study,we devel...Although the Zika virus is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of infected female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes,it can also be sexually and vertically transmitted within both populations.In this study,we develop a new mathematical model of the Zika virus which incorporates sexual transmission in humans and mosquitos,vertical transmission in mosquitos,and mosquito to human transmission through bites.Analysis of this deterministic model shows that the secondary transmission routes of Zika increase the basic reproductive number(R0)of the virus by 5%,shift the peak time of an outbreak to occur 10%sooner,increase the initial growth of an epidemic,and have important consequences for control strategies and estimates of R0.Furthermore,sensitivity analysis show that the basic reproductive number is most sensitive to the mosquito biting rate and transmission probability parameters and reveal that the dynamics of juvenile mosquito stages greatly impact the peak time of an outbreak.These discoveries deepen our understanding of the complex transmission routes of ZIKV and the consequences that they may hold for public health officials.展开更多
Emerging evidence underscores the critical,yet frequently underrecognized,role of the nervous system in the development and progression of gastric cancer(GC),primarily mediated through complex neuro-tumoral interactio...Emerging evidence underscores the critical,yet frequently underrecognized,role of the nervous system in the development and progression of gastric cancer(GC),primarily mediated through complex neuro-tumoral interactions and modulation of immune responses.GC cells actively invade neural structures,inducing aberrant nerve growth,while,in parallel,neural components infiltrate the tumor microenvironment,collectively promoting tumor proliferation,dissemination,and resistance to therapy.These bidirectional processes are regulated by diverse neurotransmitter systems-including monoaminergic,cholinergic,amino acid-based,peptidergic,and purinergic pathways-which are aberrantly produced by both neurons and malignant cells.Beyond their canonical function in neural signaling,these neuromediators exert diverse effects on tumor biology,coordinating multiple facets of GC progression,including invasion,metastasis,and cellular expansion.This review synthesizes current advances and outlines future directions in elucidating the mechanistic contributions of neurotransmitters to GC pathophysiology.展开更多
Zika virus(ZIKV)has emerged as a global health priority due to its association with severe congenital abnormalities,including microcephaly and neonatal mortality in infants born to infected mothers.In adults,ZIKV infe...Zika virus(ZIKV)has emerged as a global health priority due to its association with severe congenital abnormalities,including microcephaly and neonatal mortality in infants born to infected mothers.In adults,ZIKV infection is epidemiologically linked to Guillain-BarréSyndrome(GBS).These clinical manifestations prompted the World Health Organization(WHO)to declare ZIKV a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC).The antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)phenomenon further complicates vaccine development and therapeutic strategies.While substantial progress has been made in elucidating ZIKV biology through multidisciplinary approaches,no vaccines or therapies have been clinically approved.This review examines ZIKV-associated risks by analyzing transmission dynamics,viral architecture,and cellular entry mechanisms,and proposes evidence-based prevention and management strategies.展开更多
基金The authors would like to thank Dr.Alun Lloyd for reviewing this work and providing valuable feedbackThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No.1261006320.
文摘Although the Zika virus is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of infected female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes,it can also be sexually and vertically transmitted within both populations.In this study,we develop a new mathematical model of the Zika virus which incorporates sexual transmission in humans and mosquitos,vertical transmission in mosquitos,and mosquito to human transmission through bites.Analysis of this deterministic model shows that the secondary transmission routes of Zika increase the basic reproductive number(R0)of the virus by 5%,shift the peak time of an outbreak to occur 10%sooner,increase the initial growth of an epidemic,and have important consequences for control strategies and estimates of R0.Furthermore,sensitivity analysis show that the basic reproductive number is most sensitive to the mosquito biting rate and transmission probability parameters and reveal that the dynamics of juvenile mosquito stages greatly impact the peak time of an outbreak.These discoveries deepen our understanding of the complex transmission routes of ZIKV and the consequences that they may hold for public health officials.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82172855.
文摘Emerging evidence underscores the critical,yet frequently underrecognized,role of the nervous system in the development and progression of gastric cancer(GC),primarily mediated through complex neuro-tumoral interactions and modulation of immune responses.GC cells actively invade neural structures,inducing aberrant nerve growth,while,in parallel,neural components infiltrate the tumor microenvironment,collectively promoting tumor proliferation,dissemination,and resistance to therapy.These bidirectional processes are regulated by diverse neurotransmitter systems-including monoaminergic,cholinergic,amino acid-based,peptidergic,and purinergic pathways-which are aberrantly produced by both neurons and malignant cells.Beyond their canonical function in neural signaling,these neuromediators exert diverse effects on tumor biology,coordinating multiple facets of GC progression,including invasion,metastasis,and cellular expansion.This review synthesizes current advances and outlines future directions in elucidating the mechanistic contributions of neurotransmitters to GC pathophysiology.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2302400,2021YFA1201000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022CX01013)Beijing Nova Program(Interdisciplinary Cooperation Project)from Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(20220484207).
文摘Zika virus(ZIKV)has emerged as a global health priority due to its association with severe congenital abnormalities,including microcephaly and neonatal mortality in infants born to infected mothers.In adults,ZIKV infection is epidemiologically linked to Guillain-BarréSyndrome(GBS).These clinical manifestations prompted the World Health Organization(WHO)to declare ZIKV a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC).The antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)phenomenon further complicates vaccine development and therapeutic strategies.While substantial progress has been made in elucidating ZIKV biology through multidisciplinary approaches,no vaccines or therapies have been clinically approved.This review examines ZIKV-associated risks by analyzing transmission dynamics,viral architecture,and cellular entry mechanisms,and proposes evidence-based prevention and management strategies.
