The research of the Ecological Discourse Analysis has preliminarily formed abroad,while it is at the initiating stage at home.Guided by Ecocentrism and One Assumption and Three Principles,based on Transitivity System,...The research of the Ecological Discourse Analysis has preliminarily formed abroad,while it is at the initiating stage at home.Guided by Ecocentrism and One Assumption and Three Principles,based on Transitivity System,the paper carries out an Ecological Discourse Analysis to probe into the relationship between human-natural places,human-non-human organisms and human-human of the grassland novel The Black Steed.The language of the novel illustrates the beneficial ecological thoughts of ancient grassland civilization.展开更多
This paper explores how transitivity system functions in the novel A Rose for Emily, especially how it builds up and reflects the suppression on Emily by Emily's father, who represents the patriarchal value system...This paper explores how transitivity system functions in the novel A Rose for Emily, especially how it builds up and reflects the suppression on Emily by Emily's father, who represents the patriarchal value system and by the citizens who represents the southern traditional value system. This paper also elaborates how Emily appeared to be powerless and was dominated by the two groups of power, and how her humanity and emotions were suppressed in the conflict of the two categories of power.展开更多
Because of. the great needs both for the research of pansystem mathematics andfor the analysis of general things' mechanism, this paper discusses the binary relation,stransitivity confined to multirelation. The so...Because of. the great needs both for the research of pansystem mathematics andfor the analysis of general things' mechanism, this paper discusses the binary relation,stransitivity confined to multirelation. The so-called g-transitvity- a completelynew concept about transitivity- is introduced and its basic properties are investigated.The study shows that it is not only g-transitivity a generalization of traditionaltransitivity, quasi-transitivity, seml-order, quasi-order and other panorder, but alsoincludes many important concepts such as closeness, convexity, topology, duality as itsspecial cases.展开更多
Ba-constructions carry high level of transitivity,but a deviation towards low transitivity happens.It is found that mode provides axis of this transitivity deviation,especially in spoken dialogue.Under the influence o...Ba-constructions carry high level of transitivity,but a deviation towards low transitivity happens.It is found that mode provides axis of this transitivity deviation,especially in spoken dialogue.Under the influence of irrealis mode,parameters such as aspects,affectedness of O,individuation of O,and affirmation exhibit different degrees of transitivity deviation.Speech acts,which is closely related to mode,are the driving force in discourse of this phenomenon.The composition rules of speech acts of directive,declarative,commitment,and emotive,which account for the majority of speech acts in spoken dialogue,determine that they are all irrealis.Therefore,under the axis of irrealis mode,several transitivity parameters of ba-constructions in oral dialogue deviates towards low transitivity.The phenomenon of deviation of transitivity in ba-constructions verifies transitivity hypothesis.展开更多
The phase transition among different solid forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients can significantly influence their physicochemical properties,potentially leading to clinical safety risks.However,phase transition ...The phase transition among different solid forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients can significantly influence their physicochemical properties,potentially leading to clinical safety risks.However,phase transition mechanisms remain under explored,especially in multi-component drugs.Here we report a novel ciprofloxacin-diclofenac salt system and investigate phase transitions among its anhydrate,dihydrate,and methanol solvate forms.The study focused on the influence of water activity and solvent vapor conditions,elucidating the role of vip molecules in driving these transitions.These findings offer new insights into polymorphic phase transitions,advancing our understanding of stability and performance in pharmaceutical formulations.展开更多
Using the determinant quantum Monte Carlo method,we explore a rich phase diagram featuring strain-induced metal-insulator and magnetic phase transitions in an interacting two-dimensional Dirac fermion system.Asymmetri...Using the determinant quantum Monte Carlo method,we explore a rich phase diagram featuring strain-induced metal-insulator and magnetic phase transitions in an interacting two-dimensional Dirac fermion system.Asymmetric strain applied along the zigzag crystal direction drives the semimetallic regime into a band-insulating phase,or it breaks the antiferromagnetic order of the Mott insulator,inducing a nonmagnetic insulating phase under strong correlations.The critical strain required for band gap opening or for a transport phase transition is significantly reduced in the presence of Coulomb repulsion,while increasing interaction strength makes it more difficult for strain to induce a nonmagnetic phase transition.In addition,we measure in detail the band gap modulation by strain and identify a doping effect whereby doping inhibits band gap opening.Our results provide an effective way to tune the transport gap,which could help extend the applications of graphene,whose zero band gap currently limits its use.展开更多
A ground girder is laid on the preprocessed subgrade by gravity compaction and integrally uniformly supported by subgrade in maglev transit.The settlement of the maglev subgrade inevitably affects the vibration state ...A ground girder is laid on the preprocessed subgrade by gravity compaction and integrally uniformly supported by subgrade in maglev transit.The settlement of the maglev subgrade inevitably affects the vibration state of the medium and low speed maglev coupled system by the additional deformation of the maglev track.This study investigated the dynamic properties of the coupled vibration system affected by the subgrade settlement.First,a theoretical coupled vibration model of a maglev train-track-ground girder system with uneven subgrade settlement was proposed and verified.Then,the effect mechanism of the coupled system caused by the uneven subgrade settlement was explored.Finally,settlement types and subgrade support voiding were examined.The analysis showed that the uneven subgrade settlement considerably increased the dynamic responses of the levitation control system and maglev vehicle while having a minor influence on those of the track-ground girder.The influence of a single ground girder settling was the strongest,and adjacent sides’settling of two ground girders was the weakest for the vibration of a maglev train.An extremely large uneven settlement exceeding 6 mm led to active levitation control system instability.The subgrade support voiding enlarged the vehicle-induced vibration of the track ground girder.展开更多
Mg-Zn-Mn alloys have the advantages of low cost,excellent mechanical properties,and high corrosion resistance.To clarify the phase equilibria of Mg-Zn-Mn alloy in the Mg-rich corners,the present work experimentally in...Mg-Zn-Mn alloys have the advantages of low cost,excellent mechanical properties,and high corrosion resistance.To clarify the phase equilibria of Mg-Zn-Mn alloy in the Mg-rich corners,the present work experimentally investigated the phase equilibria in the Mg-rich corner at 300-400°C with equilibrated alloy method using electron probe micro analyzer(EPMA),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and differential scanning calorimeter(DSC).Mn atoms were found to dissolve into MgZn_(2) to form a ternary solid-solution type compound,in which Mn content can be up to 15.1at%at 400°C.Three-phase equilibrium ofα-Mg+MgZn_(2)+α-Mn and liquid+α-Mg+MgZn_(2) were confirmed at 400°C.Subsequently,thermodynamic modeling of the Mg-Zn-Mn system was carried out using the CALPHAD method based on the experimental data of this work and literature data.The calculated invariant reaction Liquid+α-Mn→α-Mg+MgZn_(2) at 430°C shows good agreement with the DSC results.In addition,the results of solidification path calculations explain the microstructure in the ascast and annealed alloys well.The agreement between the calculated results and experimental data proves the self-consistency of the thermodynamic database,which can provide guidance for the compositional design of Mg-Zn-Mn alloys.展开更多
A dietary transition from refined to whole grains would optimize grain processing,reduce food loss and emissions,and increase food nutritional contents.The results of systematical analysis and calculations in our stud...A dietary transition from refined to whole grains would optimize grain processing,reduce food loss and emissions,and increase food nutritional contents.The results of systematical analysis and calculations in our study show that the average processing loss rate of grains including rice,wheat,and maize is approximately 4.1%in China due to the refinement,equivalent to an annual loss of around 13.3 Mt of grains.Furthermore,the refining process significantly reduces the nutritional contents of rice(51.6%),wheat flour(55.4%),and corn products(80.4%)mainly resulting from the removal of dietary fiber,minerals,and vitamins in refined grains.Replacing refined grains with whole grains in diets would lower agricultural carbon emissions by 2.7%,reducing agricultural water use by 4.3%,and saving arable land by 1,972,607 ha.Total environmental footprint could be reduced by 35%to 79%under three proposed scenarios.These findings indicate that shifting toward whole grain-based diets by Chinese consumers could reduce food losses,enhance human health,and improve environmental sustainability.This approach offers a promising strategy for transitioning towards more resilient and sustainable agri-food systems,benefiting human and planetary health.展开更多
To construct a modern energy system characterized by the four dimensions of“Clean”,“Low-carbon”,“Safety”and“Efficiency”is an important path for China's energy revolution and energy transformation.The devel...To construct a modern energy system characterized by the four dimensions of“Clean”,“Low-carbon”,“Safety”and“Efficiency”is an important path for China's energy revolution and energy transformation.The development of a Modern Energy System Index(MESI)and a deep understanding of its characteristics are of great significancein assessing and guiding the China's energy system construction.In this study,a modern energy system framework was framed around the energy chain associating with the above four dimensions,and the spatial and temporal development of China and its provinces over the past 10 years was studied with MESI synthesized from 28 indicators.The results showed that China's MESI has increased from 32.78 in 2010 to 49.37 in 2020,placing it 38th among 76 major economies,which is within the median echelon.The study identifieda positive correlation between“Clean”,“Lowcarbon”and“Efficiency”,while a negative correlation between“Safety”and the other ones.The relationship analysis of the indicators implies that strengthening the whole chain of non-fossil energy including production,transformation and consumption can improve the negative correlation.The indicators characterizing“Safety”are located at the forefront of the energy chain,signifying that“Safety”is pivotal.Moreover,the promotion of“Low-carbon”has the potential to enhance the“Clean”and“Efficiency”dimensions simultaneously,indicating the importance of green low-carbon development strategy.Spatial analysis reveals distinct regional disparities of MESI:the north,reliant on abundant fossil energy,excels in“Safety”but lags in“Clean”and“Low-carbon”;the southwest leverages hydropower to boost neighboring“Clean”and“Low-carbon”dimensions,except for Guizhou;the developed southeast coastal region excels in“Clean”,“Low-carbon”and“Efficiency,”emerging as the leading energy transition zone.The study concludes that it is essential to develop a modern energy system from the national perspective.First,the energy“Safety”regions should play the role of energy security without wavering;second,the development and utilization of new energy sources should be steadily and vigorously developed and utilized throughout the country year by year;and finally,the developed regions such as“Efficiency”and“Clean”regions should actively transfer technology to“Safety”and“Low-carbon”regions in a systematic manner.展开更多
This research explores the characteristics of boiling in inclined pipes,a domain of great importance in engineering.Employing an experimental visualization technique,the boiling dynamics of deionizedwater are examined...This research explores the characteristics of boiling in inclined pipes,a domain of great importance in engineering.Employing an experimental visualization technique,the boiling dynamics of deionizedwater are examined at varying inclination angles,paying special attention to the emerging flow patterns.The findings demonstrate that the inclination angle significantly impacts flow pattern transitions within the 0°to 90°range.As the heat flux rises,bubbles form in the liquid.The liquid’s inertia extends the bubble-wall contact time,thereby delaying the onset of bulk bubble flow.Beyond a 90°inclination,however,the patterning behavior is more influenced by the fluid velocity.At low speeds,incomplete pipe filling results in a large liquid plug hindering flow,while high speeds lead to full pipe filling.In general,gravity,inertia,buoyancy forces,and capillary forces are themain influential factors in the considered problem.However,an analysis of the heat transfer coefficient and boiling curve for different inclination angles reveals that the observed variations are essentially due to corresponding changes in the flow pattern.Finally,an optimal mass flux and inclination angle,able to minimize total entropy generation and improve heat transfer efficiency,are determined by means of an entropy generation analysis.展开更多
Terahertz(THz)radiation possesses unique properties that make it a promising light source for applications in various fields,particularly spectroscopy and imaging.Ongoing research and development in THz technology has...Terahertz(THz)radiation possesses unique properties that make it a promising light source for applications in various fields,particularly spectroscopy and imaging.Ongoing research and development in THz technology has focused on developing or improving THz sources,detectors,and applications.At the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of the Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility in Chiang Mai University,high-intensity THz radiation has been generated in the form of coherent transition radiation(TR)and investigated since 2006 for electron beams with energies ranging from 8 to 12 MeV.In this study,we investigate and optimize the coherent TR arising from short electron bunches with energies ranging from 8 to 22 MeV using an upgraded linear-accelerator system with a higher radio-frequency(RF)power system.This radiation is then transported from the accelerator hall to the experimental room,in which the spectrometers are located.Electron-beam simulations are conducted to achieve short bunch lengths and small transverse beam sizes at the TR station.Radiation properties,including the radiation spectrum,angular distribution,and radiation polarization,are thoroughly investigated.The electron-bunch length is evaluated using the measuring system.The radiation-transport line is designed to achieve optimal frequency response and high transmission efficiency.A radiation-transmission efficiency of approximately 80-90%can be achieved with this designed system,along with a pulse energy ranging from 0.17 to 0.25μJ.The expected radiation spectral range covers up to 2 THz with a peak power of 0.5-1.25 MW.This coherent,broadband,and intense THz radiation will serve as a light source for THz spectroscopy and THz time-domain spectroscopy applications at the PCELL in the near future.展开更多
Within the transition process of urban rail transit systems,the challenges of high energy consumption,increasing carbon emissions,limited economic viability,and intricate risks emerge as significant hurdles.This paper...Within the transition process of urban rail transit systems,the challenges of high energy consumption,increasing carbon emissions,limited economic viability,and intricate risks emerge as significant hurdles.This paper proposes a novel energy utilization framework for the urban rail transit system that incorporates underground energy storage systems characterized by high resilience and low carbon.First,existing methods employed in urban rail transit are comprehensively reviewed.Then,a novel framework and strategic significance of the urban rail transit system incorporating underground energy storage systems are introduced.This integration effectively utilizes and manages diverse renewable energy sources and the available space resources.The viability is demonstrated through a case study by combining Nanjing metro.Finally,suggestions for research in pivotal areas are summarized.展开更多
The sign of higher-order multiplicity fluctuations is a very important parameter for exploring QCD phase transitions.The kurtosis of the net-baryon is typically negative in simulations of the dynamics of the conserved...The sign of higher-order multiplicity fluctuations is a very important parameter for exploring QCD phase transitions.The kurtosis of the net-baryon is typically negative in simulations of the dynamics of the conserved net-baryon density near the QCD critical point.This paper considers the effects of finite size on multiplicity fluctuations with equilibrium critical fluctuations.It is found that the multiplicity fluctuations(or the magnitude of the correlation function D_(ij))are dramatically suppressed with decreasing system size when the size of the system is small compared with the correlation length,which is the so-called acceptance dependence.Consequently,the small correlation function of the small system size results in the magnitude of the negative contribution(~D_(ij)^(4))in the four-point correlation function dominating the positive term(~D_(ij)^(5)),and this finite-size effect induces a dip structure near the QCD critical point.展开更多
In the grand tapestry of the global energy transition,the quest for scalable hydrogen economies emerges as a pivotal thread,weaving together the dual imperatives of decarbonization and industrial pragmatism.Yet,in its...In the grand tapestry of the global energy transition,the quest for scalable hydrogen economies emerges as a pivotal thread,weaving together the dual imperatives of decarbonization and industrial pragmatism.Yet,in its present form,hydrogen production remains deeply entwined with carbon emissions.展开更多
The electricity-hydrogen integrated energy system(EH-IES)enables synergistic operation of electricity,heat,and hydrogen subsystems,supporting renewable energy integration and efficient multi-energy utilization in futu...The electricity-hydrogen integrated energy system(EH-IES)enables synergistic operation of electricity,heat,and hydrogen subsystems,supporting renewable energy integration and efficient multi-energy utilization in future low carbon societies.However,uncertainties from renewable energy and load variability threaten system safety and economy.Conventional chance-constrained programming(CCP)ensures reliable operation by limiting risk.However,increasing source-load uncertainties that can render CCP models infeasible and exacerbate operational risks.To address this,this paper proposes a risk-adjustable chance-constrained goal programming(RACCGP)model,integrating CCP and goal programming to balance risk and cost based on system risk assessment.An intelligent nonlinear goal programming method based on the state transition algorithm(STA)is developed,along with an improved discretized step transformation,to handle model nonlinearity and enhance computational efficiency.Experimental results show that the proposed model reduces costs while controlling risk compared to traditional CCP,and the solution method outperforms average sample sampling in efficiency and solution quality.展开更多
We investigate dynamical quantum phase transitions(DQPTs)in Marko-vian open quantum systems using a variational quantum simulation(VQS)algorithm based on quantum state diffusion(QSD).This approach reformulates the Lin...We investigate dynamical quantum phase transitions(DQPTs)in Marko-vian open quantum systems using a variational quantum simulation(VQS)algorithm based on quantum state diffusion(QSD).This approach reformulates the Lindblad master equation as an ensemble of pure-state trajectories,enabling efficient simula-tion of dissipative quantum dynam-ics with effectively reduced quantum resources.Focusing on the one-di-mensional transverse-field Ising mod-el(TFIM),we simulate quench dynamics under both local and global Lindblad dissipation.The QSD-VQS algorithm accurately captures the nonanalytic cusps in the Loschmidt rate function,and reveals their modulation by dissipation strength and system size.Notably,DQPTs are gradually suppressed under strong local dissipation,while they persist under strong global dissipation due to collective environmental effects.Benchmarking against exact Lindblad solutions confirms the high accuracy and scalability of our method.展开更多
Currently,the development of high-efficiency two-dimensional(2D)transistors is still hindered by the limited availability of suitable semiconductors and the contact resistance between the metal contact and the 2D semi...Currently,the development of high-efficiency two-dimensional(2D)transistors is still hindered by the limited availability of suitable semiconductors and the contact resistance between the metal contact and the 2D semiconductors.Endeavors to address these challenges are highly desired.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive exploration of the potential 2D transition metal dinitrides(TMN_(2)s,TM=all the 3d,4d and 5d transition metals)with hexagonal(h-)and trigonal(t-)phases through systematic first-principles calculations.Among all h-TMN_(2)s and t-TMN_(2)s structures,we identified 8 TMN_(2)s that exhibit dynamical and thermal stability at room temperature.Of these,the h-TiN_(2),h-ZrN_(2)and h-HfN_(2)arefound to be semiconductors,and their direct bang gap,calculated at the HSE06 level,are 1.48,1.96 and 2.64 eV,respectively.The electron and hole mobility(μ_(e)andμ_(h))of these three structures exceed 1×10^(4)and1×10^(3)cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),respectively.Especially,theμeof h-TiN_(2)amounts to 2.5×10^(4)cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),and theμhof h-ZrN_(2)reaches to 7.7×10^(3)cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1).Importantly,unlike the MoS_(2)system,h-TMN_(2)forms Ohm contacts with both transition metals(e.g.,Cu)and 2D metals(e.g.,graphene),with tunneling possibilities exceeding 50%in the Cu system.These outstanding intrinsic semiconductor properties and contact characteristics exhibited by h-TMN_(2)highlight the immense potential of transition metal dinitrides in driving the advancement of next-generation information devices.Our findings significantly broaden the range of 2D materials and provide valuable insights for the development of high-eficiency 2D information devices.展开更多
The analysis refers to the interwar years in Europe.We distinguish four types of coalitions here:(a)Coalitions with other democratic parties,led by a predominant party and most common in multi-party democratic states....The analysis refers to the interwar years in Europe.We distinguish four types of coalitions here:(a)Coalitions with other democratic parties,led by a predominant party and most common in multi-party democratic states.(b)Bringing in ideological opponents on the parts of overarching highly credible national figures such as King George V did in Britain in 1931 in calling upon the charismatic Labour Party leader MacDonald to form a coalition with the still dominant but ailing Conservative Party.(c)The outbidding of more radical political parties by former center parties towards the right or left.One such outcome comes about when this is having a temporary effect only,until the next election is won within the family of democratic parties.Yet,when outbidding is trump the electorate easily might go for the hardest outbidding contender not to be taken over by even greater extremist parties.This process for the analysis of political terrorism and its intention to instigate fear amongst the“neutral”population explains to a large extent why considerable portions of the population are going to side with the most extreme challengers.This is for two reasons,one is pure fear to be out-mastered,the other one is rational choice just to avoid this.(d)The other outcome as to outbidding occurs when the democratic national consensus formation that is still underlying all these processes in normal times is wiped out in times of crises.Democratic national consensus is being lost vis-à-vis a new anti-democratic national consensus formation.Several other theoretical arguments and historical experiences are touched upon.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter studies a real-world issue in leader-follower multi-agent systems(MASs)named open topology,which permits the variations of agent set and network connections.Specially,a novel transition process...Dear Editor,This letter studies a real-world issue in leader-follower multi-agent systems(MASs)named open topology,which permits the variations of agent set and network connections.Specially,a novel transition process is developed to explain how the involved variation of network scale affects the dynamic behavior of the MASs.From a resource limited perspective,the distributed saturated impulsive control is then designed,under which some sufficient criteria are integrated into local quasi-consensus performance.We also provide a combined optimization algorithm for all agents to make the estimated domain of initial errors closer to the real one,thereby resulting in less conservativeness.Finally,a numerical example validates our results.展开更多
文摘The research of the Ecological Discourse Analysis has preliminarily formed abroad,while it is at the initiating stage at home.Guided by Ecocentrism and One Assumption and Three Principles,based on Transitivity System,the paper carries out an Ecological Discourse Analysis to probe into the relationship between human-natural places,human-non-human organisms and human-human of the grassland novel The Black Steed.The language of the novel illustrates the beneficial ecological thoughts of ancient grassland civilization.
文摘This paper explores how transitivity system functions in the novel A Rose for Emily, especially how it builds up and reflects the suppression on Emily by Emily's father, who represents the patriarchal value system and by the citizens who represents the southern traditional value system. This paper also elaborates how Emily appeared to be powerless and was dominated by the two groups of power, and how her humanity and emotions were suppressed in the conflict of the two categories of power.
文摘Because of. the great needs both for the research of pansystem mathematics andfor the analysis of general things' mechanism, this paper discusses the binary relation,stransitivity confined to multirelation. The so-called g-transitvity- a completelynew concept about transitivity- is introduced and its basic properties are investigated.The study shows that it is not only g-transitivity a generalization of traditionaltransitivity, quasi-transitivity, seml-order, quasi-order and other panorder, but alsoincludes many important concepts such as closeness, convexity, topology, duality as itsspecial cases.
文摘Ba-constructions carry high level of transitivity,but a deviation towards low transitivity happens.It is found that mode provides axis of this transitivity deviation,especially in spoken dialogue.Under the influence of irrealis mode,parameters such as aspects,affectedness of O,individuation of O,and affirmation exhibit different degrees of transitivity deviation.Speech acts,which is closely related to mode,are the driving force in discourse of this phenomenon.The composition rules of speech acts of directive,declarative,commitment,and emotive,which account for the majority of speech acts in spoken dialogue,determine that they are all irrealis.Therefore,under the axis of irrealis mode,several transitivity parameters of ba-constructions in oral dialogue deviates towards low transitivity.The phenomenon of deviation of transitivity in ba-constructions verifies transitivity hypothesis.
基金supported by the Young Scientists Promotion Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515030128)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2024A1515011590)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81703438)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2022-I2M-1-015).
文摘The phase transition among different solid forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients can significantly influence their physicochemical properties,potentially leading to clinical safety risks.However,phase transition mechanisms remain under explored,especially in multi-component drugs.Here we report a novel ciprofloxacin-diclofenac salt system and investigate phase transitions among its anhydrate,dihydrate,and methanol solvate forms.The study focused on the influence of water activity and solvent vapor conditions,elucidating the role of vip molecules in driving these transitions.These findings offer new insights into polymorphic phase transitions,advancing our understanding of stability and performance in pharmaceutical formulations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12474218)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.1242022)the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application,Guilin University of Electronic Technology(Grant No.DH202322)。
文摘Using the determinant quantum Monte Carlo method,we explore a rich phase diagram featuring strain-induced metal-insulator and magnetic phase transitions in an interacting two-dimensional Dirac fermion system.Asymmetric strain applied along the zigzag crystal direction drives the semimetallic regime into a band-insulating phase,or it breaks the antiferromagnetic order of the Mott insulator,inducing a nonmagnetic insulating phase under strong correlations.The critical strain required for band gap opening or for a transport phase transition is significantly reduced in the presence of Coulomb repulsion,while increasing interaction strength makes it more difficult for strain to induce a nonmagnetic phase transition.In addition,we measure in detail the band gap modulation by strain and identify a doping effect whereby doping inhibits band gap opening.Our results provide an effective way to tune the transport gap,which could help extend the applications of graphene,whose zero band gap currently limits its use.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.52478467and 52108417Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant No.2024A1515012569the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi under Grant No.2021JQ-101。
文摘A ground girder is laid on the preprocessed subgrade by gravity compaction and integrally uniformly supported by subgrade in maglev transit.The settlement of the maglev subgrade inevitably affects the vibration state of the medium and low speed maglev coupled system by the additional deformation of the maglev track.This study investigated the dynamic properties of the coupled vibration system affected by the subgrade settlement.First,a theoretical coupled vibration model of a maglev train-track-ground girder system with uneven subgrade settlement was proposed and verified.Then,the effect mechanism of the coupled system caused by the uneven subgrade settlement was explored.Finally,settlement types and subgrade support voiding were examined.The analysis showed that the uneven subgrade settlement considerably increased the dynamic responses of the levitation control system and maglev vehicle while having a minor influence on those of the track-ground girder.The influence of a single ground girder settling was the strongest,and adjacent sides’settling of two ground girders was the weakest for the vibration of a maglev train.An extremely large uneven settlement exceeding 6 mm led to active levitation control system instability.The subgrade support voiding enlarged the vehicle-induced vibration of the track ground girder.
基金financial support by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3809101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371010 and 52422407)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai,China(No.21ZR1423600)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resources Researches and Comprehensive Utilization,China.
文摘Mg-Zn-Mn alloys have the advantages of low cost,excellent mechanical properties,and high corrosion resistance.To clarify the phase equilibria of Mg-Zn-Mn alloy in the Mg-rich corners,the present work experimentally investigated the phase equilibria in the Mg-rich corner at 300-400°C with equilibrated alloy method using electron probe micro analyzer(EPMA),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and differential scanning calorimeter(DSC).Mn atoms were found to dissolve into MgZn_(2) to form a ternary solid-solution type compound,in which Mn content can be up to 15.1at%at 400°C.Three-phase equilibrium ofα-Mg+MgZn_(2)+α-Mn and liquid+α-Mg+MgZn_(2) were confirmed at 400°C.Subsequently,thermodynamic modeling of the Mg-Zn-Mn system was carried out using the CALPHAD method based on the experimental data of this work and literature data.The calculated invariant reaction Liquid+α-Mn→α-Mg+MgZn_(2) at 430°C shows good agreement with the DSC results.In addition,the results of solidification path calculations explain the microstructure in the ascast and annealed alloys well.The agreement between the calculated results and experimental data proves the self-consistency of the thermodynamic database,which can provide guidance for the compositional design of Mg-Zn-Mn alloys.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100501)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of Shunde Innovation School of University of Science and Technology Beijing(2024BH002).
文摘A dietary transition from refined to whole grains would optimize grain processing,reduce food loss and emissions,and increase food nutritional contents.The results of systematical analysis and calculations in our study show that the average processing loss rate of grains including rice,wheat,and maize is approximately 4.1%in China due to the refinement,equivalent to an annual loss of around 13.3 Mt of grains.Furthermore,the refining process significantly reduces the nutritional contents of rice(51.6%),wheat flour(55.4%),and corn products(80.4%)mainly resulting from the removal of dietary fiber,minerals,and vitamins in refined grains.Replacing refined grains with whole grains in diets would lower agricultural carbon emissions by 2.7%,reducing agricultural water use by 4.3%,and saving arable land by 1,972,607 ha.Total environmental footprint could be reduced by 35%to 79%under three proposed scenarios.These findings indicate that shifting toward whole grain-based diets by Chinese consumers could reduce food losses,enhance human health,and improve environmental sustainability.This approach offers a promising strategy for transitioning towards more resilient and sustainable agri-food systems,benefiting human and planetary health.
基金funding support by the Shanxi Research Institute of China Academy of Engineering Science&Technology Development Strategy(2022SX4)Chinese Academy of Engineering(2023-XY-20,2022-XZ-33).
文摘To construct a modern energy system characterized by the four dimensions of“Clean”,“Low-carbon”,“Safety”and“Efficiency”is an important path for China's energy revolution and energy transformation.The development of a Modern Energy System Index(MESI)and a deep understanding of its characteristics are of great significancein assessing and guiding the China's energy system construction.In this study,a modern energy system framework was framed around the energy chain associating with the above four dimensions,and the spatial and temporal development of China and its provinces over the past 10 years was studied with MESI synthesized from 28 indicators.The results showed that China's MESI has increased from 32.78 in 2010 to 49.37 in 2020,placing it 38th among 76 major economies,which is within the median echelon.The study identifieda positive correlation between“Clean”,“Lowcarbon”and“Efficiency”,while a negative correlation between“Safety”and the other ones.The relationship analysis of the indicators implies that strengthening the whole chain of non-fossil energy including production,transformation and consumption can improve the negative correlation.The indicators characterizing“Safety”are located at the forefront of the energy chain,signifying that“Safety”is pivotal.Moreover,the promotion of“Low-carbon”has the potential to enhance the“Clean”and“Efficiency”dimensions simultaneously,indicating the importance of green low-carbon development strategy.Spatial analysis reveals distinct regional disparities of MESI:the north,reliant on abundant fossil energy,excels in“Safety”but lags in“Clean”and“Low-carbon”;the southwest leverages hydropower to boost neighboring“Clean”and“Low-carbon”dimensions,except for Guizhou;the developed southeast coastal region excels in“Clean”,“Low-carbon”and“Efficiency,”emerging as the leading energy transition zone.The study concludes that it is essential to develop a modern energy system from the national perspective.First,the energy“Safety”regions should play the role of energy security without wavering;second,the development and utilization of new energy sources should be steadily and vigorously developed and utilized throughout the country year by year;and finally,the developed regions such as“Efficiency”and“Clean”regions should actively transfer technology to“Safety”and“Low-carbon”regions in a systematic manner.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.52166004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project No.2022YFC3902000)the Major Science and Technology Special Project of Yunnan Province(Project Nos.202202AG050007,202202AG050002).
文摘This research explores the characteristics of boiling in inclined pipes,a domain of great importance in engineering.Employing an experimental visualization technique,the boiling dynamics of deionizedwater are examined at varying inclination angles,paying special attention to the emerging flow patterns.The findings demonstrate that the inclination angle significantly impacts flow pattern transitions within the 0°to 90°range.As the heat flux rises,bubbles form in the liquid.The liquid’s inertia extends the bubble-wall contact time,thereby delaying the onset of bulk bubble flow.Beyond a 90°inclination,however,the patterning behavior is more influenced by the fluid velocity.At low speeds,incomplete pipe filling results in a large liquid plug hindering flow,while high speeds lead to full pipe filling.In general,gravity,inertia,buoyancy forces,and capillary forces are themain influential factors in the considered problem.However,an analysis of the heat transfer coefficient and boiling curve for different inclination angles reveals that the observed variations are essentially due to corresponding changes in the flow pattern.Finally,an optimal mass flux and inclination angle,able to minimize total entropy generation and improve heat transfer efficiency,are determined by means of an entropy generation analysis.
基金supported by the National Research Council of Thailand(No.NRCT-5-RSA63004-16)Chiang Mai University.S.Pakluea acknowledges scholarship support from the Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand(SAST).
文摘Terahertz(THz)radiation possesses unique properties that make it a promising light source for applications in various fields,particularly spectroscopy and imaging.Ongoing research and development in THz technology has focused on developing or improving THz sources,detectors,and applications.At the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of the Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility in Chiang Mai University,high-intensity THz radiation has been generated in the form of coherent transition radiation(TR)and investigated since 2006 for electron beams with energies ranging from 8 to 12 MeV.In this study,we investigate and optimize the coherent TR arising from short electron bunches with energies ranging from 8 to 22 MeV using an upgraded linear-accelerator system with a higher radio-frequency(RF)power system.This radiation is then transported from the accelerator hall to the experimental room,in which the spectrometers are located.Electron-beam simulations are conducted to achieve short bunch lengths and small transverse beam sizes at the TR station.Radiation properties,including the radiation spectrum,angular distribution,and radiation polarization,are thoroughly investigated.The electron-bunch length is evaluated using the measuring system.The radiation-transport line is designed to achieve optimal frequency response and high transmission efficiency.A radiation-transmission efficiency of approximately 80-90%can be achieved with this designed system,along with a pulse energy ranging from 0.17 to 0.25μJ.The expected radiation spectral range covers up to 2 THz with a peak power of 0.5-1.25 MW.This coherent,broadband,and intense THz radiation will serve as a light source for THz spectroscopy and THz time-domain spectroscopy applications at the PCELL in the near future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant numbers 52177112 and 52278419)the Chinese Academy of Engineering(Grant number 2022--XY-75).
文摘Within the transition process of urban rail transit systems,the challenges of high energy consumption,increasing carbon emissions,limited economic viability,and intricate risks emerge as significant hurdles.This paper proposes a novel energy utilization framework for the urban rail transit system that incorporates underground energy storage systems characterized by high resilience and low carbon.First,existing methods employed in urban rail transit are comprehensively reviewed.Then,a novel framework and strategic significance of the urban rail transit system incorporating underground energy storage systems are introduced.This integration effectively utilizes and manages diverse renewable energy sources and the available space resources.The viability is demonstrated through a case study by combining Nanjing metro.Finally,suggestions for research in pivotal areas are summarized.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12305143)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M731467).
文摘The sign of higher-order multiplicity fluctuations is a very important parameter for exploring QCD phase transitions.The kurtosis of the net-baryon is typically negative in simulations of the dynamics of the conserved net-baryon density near the QCD critical point.This paper considers the effects of finite size on multiplicity fluctuations with equilibrium critical fluctuations.It is found that the multiplicity fluctuations(or the magnitude of the correlation function D_(ij))are dramatically suppressed with decreasing system size when the size of the system is small compared with the correlation length,which is the so-called acceptance dependence.Consequently,the small correlation function of the small system size results in the magnitude of the negative contribution(~D_(ij)^(4))in the four-point correlation function dominating the positive term(~D_(ij)^(5)),and this finite-size effect induces a dip structure near the QCD critical point.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22225902)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2022YFE0115900)。
文摘In the grand tapestry of the global energy transition,the quest for scalable hydrogen economies emerges as a pivotal thread,weaving together the dual imperatives of decarbonization and industrial pragmatism.Yet,in its present form,hydrogen production remains deeply entwined with carbon emissions.
基金Project(2022YFC2904502)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(62273357)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘The electricity-hydrogen integrated energy system(EH-IES)enables synergistic operation of electricity,heat,and hydrogen subsystems,supporting renewable energy integration and efficient multi-energy utilization in future low carbon societies.However,uncertainties from renewable energy and load variability threaten system safety and economy.Conventional chance-constrained programming(CCP)ensures reliable operation by limiting risk.However,increasing source-load uncertainties that can render CCP models infeasible and exacerbate operational risks.To address this,this paper proposes a risk-adjustable chance-constrained goal programming(RACCGP)model,integrating CCP and goal programming to balance risk and cost based on system risk assessment.An intelligent nonlinear goal programming method based on the state transition algorithm(STA)is developed,along with an improved discretized step transformation,to handle model nonlinearity and enhance computational efficiency.Experimental results show that the proposed model reduces costs while controlling risk compared to traditional CCP,and the solution method outperforms average sample sampling in efficiency and solution quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22273122,T2350009)the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2024A1515011504)computational resources and services provided by the national supercomputer center in Guangzhou.
文摘We investigate dynamical quantum phase transitions(DQPTs)in Marko-vian open quantum systems using a variational quantum simulation(VQS)algorithm based on quantum state diffusion(QSD).This approach reformulates the Lindblad master equation as an ensemble of pure-state trajectories,enabling efficient simula-tion of dissipative quantum dynam-ics with effectively reduced quantum resources.Focusing on the one-di-mensional transverse-field Ising mod-el(TFIM),we simulate quench dynamics under both local and global Lindblad dissipation.The QSD-VQS algorithm accurately captures the nonanalytic cusps in the Loschmidt rate function,and reveals their modulation by dissipation strength and system size.Notably,DQPTs are gradually suppressed under strong local dissipation,while they persist under strong global dissipation due to collective environmental effects.Benchmarking against exact Lindblad solutions confirms the high accuracy and scalability of our method.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171141)the Fund of Natural Science Special(Special Post)Research Foundation of Guizhou University(No.2023-032)the Fund of Research Foundation of Guizhou University(No.2024-33)
文摘Currently,the development of high-efficiency two-dimensional(2D)transistors is still hindered by the limited availability of suitable semiconductors and the contact resistance between the metal contact and the 2D semiconductors.Endeavors to address these challenges are highly desired.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive exploration of the potential 2D transition metal dinitrides(TMN_(2)s,TM=all the 3d,4d and 5d transition metals)with hexagonal(h-)and trigonal(t-)phases through systematic first-principles calculations.Among all h-TMN_(2)s and t-TMN_(2)s structures,we identified 8 TMN_(2)s that exhibit dynamical and thermal stability at room temperature.Of these,the h-TiN_(2),h-ZrN_(2)and h-HfN_(2)arefound to be semiconductors,and their direct bang gap,calculated at the HSE06 level,are 1.48,1.96 and 2.64 eV,respectively.The electron and hole mobility(μ_(e)andμ_(h))of these three structures exceed 1×10^(4)and1×10^(3)cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),respectively.Especially,theμeof h-TiN_(2)amounts to 2.5×10^(4)cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),and theμhof h-ZrN_(2)reaches to 7.7×10^(3)cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1).Importantly,unlike the MoS_(2)system,h-TMN_(2)forms Ohm contacts with both transition metals(e.g.,Cu)and 2D metals(e.g.,graphene),with tunneling possibilities exceeding 50%in the Cu system.These outstanding intrinsic semiconductor properties and contact characteristics exhibited by h-TMN_(2)highlight the immense potential of transition metal dinitrides in driving the advancement of next-generation information devices.Our findings significantly broaden the range of 2D materials and provide valuable insights for the development of high-eficiency 2D information devices.
文摘The analysis refers to the interwar years in Europe.We distinguish four types of coalitions here:(a)Coalitions with other democratic parties,led by a predominant party and most common in multi-party democratic states.(b)Bringing in ideological opponents on the parts of overarching highly credible national figures such as King George V did in Britain in 1931 in calling upon the charismatic Labour Party leader MacDonald to form a coalition with the still dominant but ailing Conservative Party.(c)The outbidding of more radical political parties by former center parties towards the right or left.One such outcome comes about when this is having a temporary effect only,until the next election is won within the family of democratic parties.Yet,when outbidding is trump the electorate easily might go for the hardest outbidding contender not to be taken over by even greater extremist parties.This process for the analysis of political terrorism and its intention to instigate fear amongst the“neutral”population explains to a large extent why considerable portions of the population are going to side with the most extreme challengers.This is for two reasons,one is pure fear to be out-mastered,the other one is rational choice just to avoid this.(d)The other outcome as to outbidding occurs when the democratic national consensus formation that is still underlying all these processes in normal times is wiped out in times of crises.Democratic national consensus is being lost vis-à-vis a new anti-democratic national consensus formation.Several other theoretical arguments and historical experiences are touched upon.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20240009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373105,62373262)Jiangsu Provincial Scientific Research Center of Applied Mathematics(BK20233002).
文摘Dear Editor,This letter studies a real-world issue in leader-follower multi-agent systems(MASs)named open topology,which permits the variations of agent set and network connections.Specially,a novel transition process is developed to explain how the involved variation of network scale affects the dynamic behavior of the MASs.From a resource limited perspective,the distributed saturated impulsive control is then designed,under which some sufficient criteria are integrated into local quasi-consensus performance.We also provide a combined optimization algorithm for all agents to make the estimated domain of initial errors closer to the real one,thereby resulting in less conservativeness.Finally,a numerical example validates our results.
