Lithium,as an indispensable element in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),is critical for the ongoing renewable energy transition.Primary lithium sources include brine,ore,and battery recycling.Ore extraction is energy/capit...Lithium,as an indispensable element in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),is critical for the ongoing renewable energy transition.Primary lithium sources include brine,ore,and battery recycling.Ore extraction is energy/capital-intensive and polluting,while battery recycling is still early.Brine extraction(mainly salt lakes)dominates the lithium supply.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52322812 and No.52476019)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(CityU 11218922)the Environment and Conservation Fund of Hong Kong(No.76/2022).
文摘Lithium,as an indispensable element in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),is critical for the ongoing renewable energy transition.Primary lithium sources include brine,ore,and battery recycling.Ore extraction is energy/capital-intensive and polluting,while battery recycling is still early.Brine extraction(mainly salt lakes)dominates the lithium supply.
