Electrochemical water splitting represents a sustainable technology for hydrogen(H_(2))production.However,its large-scale implementation is hindered by the high overpotentials required for both the cathodic hydrogen e...Electrochemical water splitting represents a sustainable technology for hydrogen(H_(2))production.However,its large-scale implementation is hindered by the high overpotentials required for both the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Transition metal-based catalysts have garnered significant research interest as promising alternatives to noble-metal catalysts,owing to their low cost,tunable composition,and noble-metal-like catalytic activity.Nevertheless,systematic reviews on their application as bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting(OWS)are still limited.This review comprehensively outlines the principal categories of bifunctional transition metal electrocatalysts derived from electrospun nanofibers(NFs),including metals,oxides,phosphides,sulfides,and carbides.Key strategies for enhancing their catalytic performance are systematically summarized,such as heterointerface engineering,heteroatom doping,metal-nonmetal-metal bridging architectures,and single-atom site design.Finally,current challenges and future research directions are discussed,aiming to provide insightful perspectives for the rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts for OWS.展开更多
Herein,manganese(Mn)‑doped poly(1,5‑diaminonaphthalene)(PN)electrode material(Mn@PN)was synthesized via chemical oxidative polymerization.The material′s distinctive vesicular architecture enables rapid ion transport ...Herein,manganese(Mn)‑doped poly(1,5‑diaminonaphthalene)(PN)electrode material(Mn@PN)was synthesized via chemical oxidative polymerization.The material′s distinctive vesicular architecture enables rapid ion transport while maintaining the structural stability of the electrode under continuous charge‑discharge cycles.Electrochemical characterization under a three‑electrode system revealed exceptional rate capability:Mn@PN delivered an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 10318 F·g^(-1) at a low current density of 3 A·g^(-1) and retained 9415 F·g^(-1)(91.2%retention compared to the value at 3 A·g^(-1))even at an ultrahigh current density of 50 A·g^(-1).Moreover,the material exhibited 97.4%capacitance retention after 9000 cycles at 30 A·g^(-1),corresponding with a low capacitance decay rate of 0.003‰per cycle,significantly outperforming conventional conductive polymers like polyaniline(PANI).An asymmetric supercapacitor assembled with Mn@PN as the positive electrode(Mn@PN||AC)achieved an energy density of 328 Wh·kg^(-1) at 15 A·g^(-1) and retained 80.7%of its initial specific capacitance after 4000 cycles at 20 A·g^(-1).展开更多
Peptides play important roles in chemistry,medicinal chemistry and life science,due to their high efficiency and specificity,unusual biological and therapeutic properties.As naturally occurring peptides often face wit...Peptides play important roles in chemistry,medicinal chemistry and life science,due to their high efficiency and specificity,unusual biological and therapeutic properties.As naturally occurring peptides often face with their intrinsic limitations including metabolic instability and low membrane permeability,the strategies for synthesizing unnatural amino acids and peptides are explored.Among the methods for modifying amino acids and peptides,chemo-and site-selective approaches are preferred because of the ability to fine-tuning structural features.Recently,transition metal-catalyzed Csingle bondH activation has been employed for the functionalization of amino acids and peptides.Through domino Csingle bondH activation/annulation,a series of structurally complex and diverse amino acids and peptides is constructed.This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of unnatural amino acids and peptides via transition metal-catalyzed Csingle bondH activation/annulation.展开更多
To realize the practical application of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE),it is essential to develop highly active,durable,and cost-effective electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,w...To realize the practical application of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE),it is essential to develop highly active,durable,and cost-effective electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we report a hollow-structured Ni_(x)Co_(1−x)O/Ni_(3)S_(2)/Co_(9)S_(8)heterostructure synthesized via sequential template-assisted growth,thermal oxidation,and controlled sulfidation process.The abundant bimetallic heterointerfaces not only provide additional active sites but also promote electronic modulation via charge redistribution.Additionally,the porous and hollow architecture enhances active surface area and mass transfer ability,thereby increasing the number of accessible active sites for alkaline OER.As a result,the prepared electrocatalyst achieves low overpotential of 310 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)and small Tafel slope of 55.94 mV dec^(−1),demonstrating the exceptional electrocatalytic performance for alkaline OER.When integrated as the anode in an AEMWE cell,it delivers outstanding performance with only 1.657 V at 1.0 A cm^(−2)and reaches high current density of 5.0 A cm^(−2)at 1.989 V,surpassing those of commercial RuO_(2).The cell also shows excellent long-term durability over 100 h with minimal degradation.This study highlights the strong potential of rationally engineered oxide/sulfide heterostructures for next-generation alkaline water electrolysis.展开更多
The Smiles rearrangement is an exceptionally versatile method in organic synthesis,providing a broad canvas for designing cascade reactions that construct new Csp^(2)-Y(Y=C,O,N,S,CO,etc.)bonds.Among the various types ...The Smiles rearrangement is an exceptionally versatile method in organic synthesis,providing a broad canvas for designing cascade reactions that construct new Csp^(2)-Y(Y=C,O,N,S,CO,etc.)bonds.Among the various types of Smiles rearrangement,the radical-type variant has emerged as a more powerful,mild,efficient,and modern synthetic technique compared to its traditional ionic counterpart.This approach excels in generating new(hetero)aromatic migration products,enabling significant advancements in recent years.This tutorial review focuses on the recent progress,since 2016,in the development and application of radical Smiles rearrangement in organic chemistry.Special attention is paid to novel transformations achieved through photochemical,electrochemical,and transition metal catalysis methods.展开更多
Transition metal nitrides(TMNs)have been considered as promising alternative catalysts to noble metals in various electrocatalytic applications due to their noble metal-like electronic structures,high conductivity,low...Transition metal nitrides(TMNs)have been considered as promising alternative catalysts to noble metals in various electrocatalytic applications due to their noble metal-like electronic structures,high conductivity,low cost,as well as strong chemical stability,which could resist corrosion and oxidation in harsh operation conditions.Therefore,the rational design and controlled synthesis of TMNs with distinct structures play a vital role in developing highly efficient electrocatalysts toward electrochemical applications.This review provides a comprehensive summary of representative synthetic strategies for TMNs,such as direct nitridation,solidstate reaction,sol-gel assisted reaction,and wet-chemical reaction,presents the distinct structural characterizations,and demonstrates their advances in the electrochemical applications.Finally,we propose the remaining challenges and the future research directions on the exploration of TMNs with well-defined structures for electrocatalytic applications,which could shed light on the future development of high-performance electrocatalysts.展开更多
Dynamic thermal mechanical analysis was used to evaluate the viscoelasticity of asphalt.The parameters included the energy storage modulus(E),the loss modulus(E'),and the loss tangent(tanδ).The impact of three ki...Dynamic thermal mechanical analysis was used to evaluate the viscoelasticity of asphalt.The parameters included the energy storage modulus(E),the loss modulus(E'),and the loss tangent(tanδ).The impact of three kinds of particles containing CaCO_(3)with different size and structure on the mechanical properties was also measured.The addition of limestone increases the glass transition temperature,while nanoCaCO_(3)@SiO_(2)decreases the glass transition temperature.Nano-CaCO_(3)has a negligible effect on the glass transition temperature.The particle size of the limestone is 0.075 mm,which is a material at the micrometer level.During the heating process,it hinders the molecular movement and makes the material harder.Thus the glass transition temperature is relatively high.展开更多
The combination of electrochemistry and metal catalysts has been a popular research topic in the field of organic synthesis due to the abundance and controllable valence states of transition metals,where electron tran...The combination of electrochemistry and metal catalysts has been a popular research topic in the field of organic synthesis due to the abundance and controllable valence states of transition metals,where electron transfer at the electrode produces catalysts with more valence states.Among these transition metal catalysts,electrochemical conversions catalyzed by inexpensive copper metals have received considerable attention.This article systematically investigated this field and reviewed the electrochemical copper catalytic methods applied in organic synthesis from the different activation modes of substrates,which can be broadly classified into the functionalization of C=C bonds,C-H bond activation,C-C and C-X bond activation,and so on.展开更多
The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulat...The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulate the electronic structure of MoS_(2),thereby obtaining a multifunctional catalyst that serves as an efficient sulfur host.The W/V dual single-atomdoped MoS_(2)grown on carbon nanofibers(CMWVS)demonstrates a strong adsorption ability for lithium polysulfides,suppressing the shuttle effects.Additionally,the doping process also results in the phase transition from 2H-MoS_(2)to 1T-MoS_(2)and generates sufficient edge sulfur atoms,promoting the charge/electron transfer and enriching the reaction sites.All these merits contribute to the superior conversion reaction kinetics,leading to the outstanding Li-S battery performance.When fabricated as cathodes by compositing with sulfur,the CMWVS/S cathode delivers a high capacity of 1481.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C(1 C=1672 mAh g^(-1))and maintains 816.3 m Ah g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at 1.0 C,indicating outstanding cycling stability.Even under a high sulfur loading of 7.9 mg cm^(-2)and lean electrolyte conditions(E/S ratio of 9.0μL mg^(-1)),the cathode achieves a high areal capacity of 8.2 m Ah cm^(-2),showing great promise for practical Li-S battery applications.This work broadens the scope of doping strategies in transition-metal dichalcogenides by tailoring their electronic structures,providing insightful direction for the rational development of high-efficiency electrocatalysts for advanced Li-S battery applications.展开更多
As electronic technology continues to evolve towards miniaturization and integration,the demand for micro-refrigeration technology in microelectronic systems is increasing.Ferroelectric(FE)refrigeration technology bas...As electronic technology continues to evolve towards miniaturization and integration,the demand for micro-refrigeration technology in microelectronic systems is increasing.Ferroelectric(FE)refrigeration technology based on the electrocaloric effect(ECE)has emerged as a highly promising candidate in this field,due to its advantages of high energy efficiency,simple structure,easy miniaturization,low cost,and environmental friendliness.The EC performance of FE materials essentially depends on the phase transition features under the coupled electric and thermal fields,making the E–T phase diagram a core tool for decoding the underlying mechanism of ECE.This paper reviews the development of EC materials,focusing on the comprehensive study of E–T phase diagrams.By correlating the microscopic phase structure of FE materials with the macroscopic physical properties,it clarifies the manipulation mechanism for enhanced ECE performance,providing theoretical support for the targeted design of high-performance EC materials.In the future,the introduction of data-driven methods is expected to enable the high-throughput construction of FE phase diagrams,thereby accelerating the optimization of high-performance EC materials and promoting the practical application of FE refrigeration technology.展开更多
The volume change behavior of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment is essential as it influences settlement,strength,and stiffness,which directly affect the stability of hydrate reservoirs during hydrate extraction or...The volume change behavior of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment is essential as it influences settlement,strength,and stiffness,which directly affect the stability of hydrate reservoirs during hydrate extraction or in response to environmental changes.The volume change is influenced not only by stress but also by the formation and dissociation of hydrates.This study adopted a customized apparatus for one-dimensional compression tests,allowing independent control of gas pressure and effective stress.Tests were conducted on samples with different hydrate saturations along various temperature-gas pressure-effective stress paths,yielding some conclusions related to compressibility and creep.An unusual phenomenon was observed under low-stress conditions:hydrate formation led to shrinkage rather than expansion.Three potential mechanisms behind this occurrence were discussed.As hydrate saturation increases,the yield stress rises while the compression and swelling indexes remain minimally affected.After hydrate dissociation,the compression curve of hydrate-bearing sediment drops to that of hydrate-free sediment.Once hydrate is formed,the compression curve of hydrate-free sediment gradually approaches that of hydrate-bearing sediment during the subsequent loading.Under low-stress conditions,the creep of both hydrate-free and hydrate-bearing sediments is very weak.However,when stress increases,significantly beyond the yield stress,the creep of both sediments increases significantly,with hydrate-bearing sediment exhibiting much greater creep than hydrate-free sediment.展开更多
The moment a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo arrived at the Othello Kitchenware Museum on 18 November 2025,they were greeted with a vivid show of Guangdong’s industrial strength.Standing before them w...The moment a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo arrived at the Othello Kitchenware Museum on 18 November 2025,they were greeted with a vivid show of Guangdong’s industrial strength.Standing before them was not a typical exhibition hall,but a building shaped like a gleaming stainless-steel cooking pot.展开更多
Large magnetic entropy change(△S_(M))can realize a prominent heat transformation under the magnetic field and directly strengthen the efficacy of the magnetocaloric effect,which provides a pioneering environmentally ...Large magnetic entropy change(△S_(M))can realize a prominent heat transformation under the magnetic field and directly strengthen the efficacy of the magnetocaloric effect,which provides a pioneering environmentally friendly solidstate strategy to improve refrigeration capacities and efficiencies.The second-order magnetic transition(SOMT)materials have broader△S_(M) peaks without thermal hysteresis,making them highly attractive in magnetic refrigeration,especially in the room temperature range.Here,we report a significant enhancement of△S_(M) at room temperature in single-crystal Mn_(5)Ge_(3).In this SOMT system,we realize a 60%improvement of-△S_(M)^(max) from 3.5 J/kg·K to 5.6 J/kg·K at T=300 K.This considerable enhancement of△S_(M) is achieved by intentionally introducing strain energy through high-pressure constrained deformation.Both experimental results and Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the enhancement of△S_(M) originates from the microscopic strain and lattice deformation induced by strain energy after deformation.This strain energy will reconstruct the energy landscape of this ferromagnetic system and enhance magnetization,resulting in a giant intensity of magnetocaloric responses.Our findings provide an approach to increase magnetic entropy change and may give fresh ideas for exploring advanced magnetocaloric materials.展开更多
Heterogeneous catalysis is a complex,multiscale phenomenon in which reactions occur at dynamically evolving surfaces.A longstanding goal is to probe these processes to distill design rules for novel catalytic material...Heterogeneous catalysis is a complex,multiscale phenomenon in which reactions occur at dynamically evolving surfaces.A longstanding goal is to probe these processes to distill design rules for novel catalytic materials,a capability that is essential to the transition toward a sustainable future[1–3].展开更多
To elucidate the dispersion and explosion characteristics of multi-metal powder and liquid composite fuel formulations,high-energy metal powders(aluminum(Al),boron(B),and magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)))are incorporated in...To elucidate the dispersion and explosion characteristics of multi-metal powder and liquid composite fuel formulations,high-energy metal powders(aluminum(Al),boron(B),and magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)))are incorporated into a liquid fuel primarily composed of diethyl ether(DEE)and isopropyl nitrate(IPN).The explosion characteristics of different solid-liquid fuel-air-explosive(FAE)under unconfined conditions are investigated using a high-speed camera,infrared thermal imaging,and a pressure measurement system.Results demonstrate that high-energy metal powders significantly enhance detonation energy dissipation,with aluminum exhibiting the most pronounced effect.Fuel 5#(45.4 wt%DEE,9.2 wt%IPN,29.5 wt%Al,9.1 wt%B,6.8 wt%MgH_(2))exhibits superior explosion performance,achieving higher values of overpressure,impulse,and thermal radiation damage during the detonation stage compared to other fuels.However,Fuel 5#also displays faster decay rates,attributed to accelerated heat release rates induced by B and MgH_(2)powders.This study reveals that different metal powders in solid-liquid FAE exhibit distinct enhancements in explosion performance,providing critical insights for optimizing composite fuel design.展开更多
Progressive skin fibrosis ultimately results in irreversible contractures,causing both joint dysfunction and cosmetic deformity.The key pathological features of skin fibrosis include persistent inflammation and abnorm...Progressive skin fibrosis ultimately results in irreversible contractures,causing both joint dysfunction and cosmetic deformity.The key pathological features of skin fibrosis include persistent inflammation and abnormal accumulation of the extracellular matrix(ECM),with epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT)playing a critical role in disease progression.However,current therapeutic strategies for cutaneous fibrosis are largely palliative and often require repeated interventions,with limited efficacy.Celastrol(Cel)exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in skin tissue,but its clinical application is limited by poor bioavailability and a narrow therapeutic window.Tetrahedral framework nucleic acid(tFNA),a novel nanocarrier system,exhibits multiple advantages,including enhanced cellular uptake,improved cell viability,and intrinsic anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties.Therefore,this study applied tFNA-Cel complex(TCC)as an advanced nanotherapeutic agent,designed to exert a synergistic anti-fibrotic effect.In this study,an in vitro model of skin fibrosis was established using human keratinocyte(HaCaT)cells treated with 5 ng mL^(-1) transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)for 24 h.The results showed that TCC significantly inhibited EMT progression by reducingα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)levels and increasing E-cadherin level.Compared to tFNA or Cel alone,TCC exhibited superior anti-fibrotic effects in the fibrosis model,as evidenced by modulation of SMAD family member 2(SMAD2)signaling and collagen I expression.Furthermore,the TCC group showed lower levels of nuclear factorκB p65(NF-κB p65),BCL-2-associated X protein(Bax),and reactive oxygen species(ROS)compared to the Cel or tFNA groups.These findings highlight TCC as a promising treatment for skin fibrosis,with its synergistic anti-fibrotic effects providing new therapeutic avenues.展开更多
Crushing waste coral concrete into recycled aggregates to create recycled coral aggregate concrete(RCAC)contributes to sustainable construction development on offshore islands and reefs.To investigate the impact of re...Crushing waste coral concrete into recycled aggregates to create recycled coral aggregate concrete(RCAC)contributes to sustainable construction development on offshore islands and reefs.To investigate the impact of recycled coral aggregate on concrete properties,this study performed a comprehensive analysis of the physical properties of recycled coral aggregate and the basic mechanical properties and microstructure of RCAC.The test results indicate that,compared to coral debris,the crushing index of recycled coral aggregate was reduced by 9.4%,while porosity decreased by 33.5%.Furthermore,RCAC retained the early strength characteristics of coral concrete,with compressive strength and flexural strength exhibiting a notable increase as the water-cement ratio decreased.Under identical conditions,the compressive strength and flexural strength of RCAC were 12.7% and 2.5% higher than coral concrete's,respectively,with porosity correspondingly reduced from 3.13% to 5.11%.This enhancement could be attributed to the new mortar filling the recycled coral aggregate.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis revealed three distinct interface transition zones within RCAC,with the‘new mortar-old mortar’interface identified as the weakest.The above findings provided a reference for the sustainable use of coral concrete in constructing offshore islands.展开更多
Marginal seas,as transitional zones,are closely connected to the open ocean and adjacent coastal systems.Their circulations often exhibit strong oscillatory behavior that shapes heat and salt transport,nutrient cyclin...Marginal seas,as transitional zones,are closely connected to the open ocean and adjacent coastal systems.Their circulations often exhibit strong oscillatory behavior that shapes heat and salt transport,nutrient cycling,and regional ocean-atmosphere interactions.However,the characteristics and underlying dynamics of these oscillations remain insufficiently understood.Using the unique three-layer alternating circulation in the South China Sea as an example,we show that the system undergoes a pronounced regime transition from 1993-2008 to 2009-2018.This transition is closely linked to the phase change of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.Specifically,upper-layer cyclonic circulation intensifies during the pre-2009 but weakens during the post-2009 period,while the middle-layer anticyclonic circulation exhibits the opposite pattern.In contrast,the deep-layer circulation strengthens substantially during the post-20o9 period.These regime transitions arise from the interplay of surface wind forcing,the external exchanging current with the Pacific,and topographically modulated internal vertical coupling.The decadal trend of the upper-layer circulation is primarily wind-driven.The weakening of middle-layer circulation during pre-2oo9 is governed by pressure torque influenced by the upperlayer,whereas its post-2009 strengthening is attributed to vortex stretching associated with enhanced deep intrusion from the Pacific and a stronger deep-layer circulation.The findings clarify the oscillatory nature of South China Sea layered circulation under climate variability and highlight its role in regulating regional mass transport and ocean-atmosphere interaction.展开更多
This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The re...This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The region has substantial untapped potential in solar energy,wind energy,hydropower energy,as well as biomass and bioenergy,positioning it strategically for renewable energy deployment.The result demonstrated that integrating renewable energy can reduce greenhouse gas emissions,improve air quality,enhance energy security,and support rural development.Case studies from Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,and Tajikistan showed measurable environmental and economic benefits.However,the large-scale use of renewable energy still faces numerous barriers,including outdated infrastructure,fragmented regulatory frameworks,limited investment,and shortages of technical expertise.Overcoming these obstacles requires institutional reform,stronger regional cooperation,and increasing engagement from international financial institutions and private investors.Modernizing grids,deploying storage systems,and investing in education,research,and innovation are critical for building human capacity in renewable energy sector.Accelerating the renewable energy transition is essential for Central Asia to meet climate goals,enhance environmental resilience,and ensure long-term socioeconomic development through innovation,investment,and regional collaboration.展开更多
Can the sharing economy contribute to urban sustainability?This study explores this question using the staggered entry of bike-sharing platforms across Chinese cities as a quasi-natural experiment.Drawing on 2015-2017...Can the sharing economy contribute to urban sustainability?This study explores this question using the staggered entry of bike-sharing platforms across Chinese cities as a quasi-natural experiment.Drawing on 2015-2017 city characteristics panel data and monthly CO_(2) emission records,we employ a staggered difference-in-differences(DID)model to assess the impact of bike-sharing on per capita urban CO_(2) emissions.The results show that bike-sharing platforms significantly cut emissions by replacing high-carbon transport and boosting public adoption of shared bikes.This effect is more potent in cities with less stringent environmental enforcement,more advanced digital economies,greater technological innovation,and where two platforms jointly entered.By elucidating the mechanisms underlying bike-sharing’s carbon-reduction potential,this study highlights its role in urban sustainability.It offers policy insights for leveraging shared mobility to reduce city carbon emissions.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273056)the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province,China(No.YDZJ202501ZYTS305)。
文摘Electrochemical water splitting represents a sustainable technology for hydrogen(H_(2))production.However,its large-scale implementation is hindered by the high overpotentials required for both the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Transition metal-based catalysts have garnered significant research interest as promising alternatives to noble-metal catalysts,owing to their low cost,tunable composition,and noble-metal-like catalytic activity.Nevertheless,systematic reviews on their application as bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting(OWS)are still limited.This review comprehensively outlines the principal categories of bifunctional transition metal electrocatalysts derived from electrospun nanofibers(NFs),including metals,oxides,phosphides,sulfides,and carbides.Key strategies for enhancing their catalytic performance are systematically summarized,such as heterointerface engineering,heteroatom doping,metal-nonmetal-metal bridging architectures,and single-atom site design.Finally,current challenges and future research directions are discussed,aiming to provide insightful perspectives for the rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts for OWS.
文摘Herein,manganese(Mn)‑doped poly(1,5‑diaminonaphthalene)(PN)electrode material(Mn@PN)was synthesized via chemical oxidative polymerization.The material′s distinctive vesicular architecture enables rapid ion transport while maintaining the structural stability of the electrode under continuous charge‑discharge cycles.Electrochemical characterization under a three‑electrode system revealed exceptional rate capability:Mn@PN delivered an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 10318 F·g^(-1) at a low current density of 3 A·g^(-1) and retained 9415 F·g^(-1)(91.2%retention compared to the value at 3 A·g^(-1))even at an ultrahigh current density of 50 A·g^(-1).Moreover,the material exhibited 97.4%capacitance retention after 9000 cycles at 30 A·g^(-1),corresponding with a low capacitance decay rate of 0.003‰per cycle,significantly outperforming conventional conductive polymers like polyaniline(PANI).An asymmetric supercapacitor assembled with Mn@PN as the positive electrode(Mn@PN||AC)achieved an energy density of 328 Wh·kg^(-1) at 15 A·g^(-1) and retained 80.7%of its initial specific capacitance after 4000 cycles at 20 A·g^(-1).
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220409)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22401153)+2 种基金the FWO[Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders(Belgium)]for financial support(recipient Erik V.Van der Eycken)the Research Council of the KU Leuven(recipient Erik V.Van der Eycken)the support of the"RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program"(recipient Erik V.Van der Eycken).
文摘Peptides play important roles in chemistry,medicinal chemistry and life science,due to their high efficiency and specificity,unusual biological and therapeutic properties.As naturally occurring peptides often face with their intrinsic limitations including metabolic instability and low membrane permeability,the strategies for synthesizing unnatural amino acids and peptides are explored.Among the methods for modifying amino acids and peptides,chemo-and site-selective approaches are preferred because of the ability to fine-tuning structural features.Recently,transition metal-catalyzed Csingle bondH activation has been employed for the functionalization of amino acids and peptides.Through domino Csingle bondH activation/annulation,a series of structurally complex and diverse amino acids and peptides is constructed.This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of unnatural amino acids and peptides via transition metal-catalyzed Csingle bondH activation/annulation.
基金supported by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT)the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. P0022130)by the Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)-Innovative Human Resource Development for Local Intellectualization program grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT)(IITP-2025-RS-2023-00259678)
文摘To realize the practical application of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE),it is essential to develop highly active,durable,and cost-effective electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we report a hollow-structured Ni_(x)Co_(1−x)O/Ni_(3)S_(2)/Co_(9)S_(8)heterostructure synthesized via sequential template-assisted growth,thermal oxidation,and controlled sulfidation process.The abundant bimetallic heterointerfaces not only provide additional active sites but also promote electronic modulation via charge redistribution.Additionally,the porous and hollow architecture enhances active surface area and mass transfer ability,thereby increasing the number of accessible active sites for alkaline OER.As a result,the prepared electrocatalyst achieves low overpotential of 310 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)and small Tafel slope of 55.94 mV dec^(−1),demonstrating the exceptional electrocatalytic performance for alkaline OER.When integrated as the anode in an AEMWE cell,it delivers outstanding performance with only 1.657 V at 1.0 A cm^(−2)and reaches high current density of 5.0 A cm^(−2)at 1.989 V,surpassing those of commercial RuO_(2).The cell also shows excellent long-term durability over 100 h with minimal degradation.This study highlights the strong potential of rationally engineered oxide/sulfide heterostructures for next-generation alkaline water electrolysis.
基金Financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for Gannan Medical University(No.QD202429)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22171206)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LZ23B020001)Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Talent Program(No.2023R5244)Open Research Fund of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University(No.2020ZD04)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The Smiles rearrangement is an exceptionally versatile method in organic synthesis,providing a broad canvas for designing cascade reactions that construct new Csp^(2)-Y(Y=C,O,N,S,CO,etc.)bonds.Among the various types of Smiles rearrangement,the radical-type variant has emerged as a more powerful,mild,efficient,and modern synthetic technique compared to its traditional ionic counterpart.This approach excels in generating new(hetero)aromatic migration products,enabling significant advancements in recent years.This tutorial review focuses on the recent progress,since 2016,in the development and application of radical Smiles rearrangement in organic chemistry.Special attention is paid to novel transformations achieved through photochemical,electrochemical,and transition metal catalysis methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52471219 and 92463305)State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic Materials Tsinghua University(KFZD202402)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(00007838)。
文摘Transition metal nitrides(TMNs)have been considered as promising alternative catalysts to noble metals in various electrocatalytic applications due to their noble metal-like electronic structures,high conductivity,low cost,as well as strong chemical stability,which could resist corrosion and oxidation in harsh operation conditions.Therefore,the rational design and controlled synthesis of TMNs with distinct structures play a vital role in developing highly efficient electrocatalysts toward electrochemical applications.This review provides a comprehensive summary of representative synthetic strategies for TMNs,such as direct nitridation,solidstate reaction,sol-gel assisted reaction,and wet-chemical reaction,presents the distinct structural characterizations,and demonstrates their advances in the electrochemical applications.Finally,we propose the remaining challenges and the future research directions on the exploration of TMNs with well-defined structures for electrocatalytic applications,which could shed light on the future development of high-performance electrocatalysts.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52472033)。
文摘Dynamic thermal mechanical analysis was used to evaluate the viscoelasticity of asphalt.The parameters included the energy storage modulus(E),the loss modulus(E'),and the loss tangent(tanδ).The impact of three kinds of particles containing CaCO_(3)with different size and structure on the mechanical properties was also measured.The addition of limestone increases the glass transition temperature,while nanoCaCO_(3)@SiO_(2)decreases the glass transition temperature.Nano-CaCO_(3)has a negligible effect on the glass transition temperature.The particle size of the limestone is 0.075 mm,which is a material at the micrometer level.During the heating process,it hinders the molecular movement and makes the material harder.Thus the glass transition temperature is relatively high.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22271166)the Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter,Nankai University (No.63181206) for generous financial support for our programs。
文摘The combination of electrochemistry and metal catalysts has been a popular research topic in the field of organic synthesis due to the abundance and controllable valence states of transition metals,where electron transfer at the electrode produces catalysts with more valence states.Among these transition metal catalysts,electrochemical conversions catalyzed by inexpensive copper metals have received considerable attention.This article systematically investigated this field and reviewed the electrochemical copper catalytic methods applied in organic synthesis from the different activation modes of substrates,which can be broadly classified into the functionalization of C=C bonds,C-H bond activation,C-C and C-X bond activation,and so on.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402166)the Science and Technology Development Fund+2 种基金Macao SAR(0065/2023/AFJ,0116/2022/A3)the Australian Research Council(DE220100154)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2025A1515011120)。
文摘The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulate the electronic structure of MoS_(2),thereby obtaining a multifunctional catalyst that serves as an efficient sulfur host.The W/V dual single-atomdoped MoS_(2)grown on carbon nanofibers(CMWVS)demonstrates a strong adsorption ability for lithium polysulfides,suppressing the shuttle effects.Additionally,the doping process also results in the phase transition from 2H-MoS_(2)to 1T-MoS_(2)and generates sufficient edge sulfur atoms,promoting the charge/electron transfer and enriching the reaction sites.All these merits contribute to the superior conversion reaction kinetics,leading to the outstanding Li-S battery performance.When fabricated as cathodes by compositing with sulfur,the CMWVS/S cathode delivers a high capacity of 1481.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C(1 C=1672 mAh g^(-1))and maintains 816.3 m Ah g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at 1.0 C,indicating outstanding cycling stability.Even under a high sulfur loading of 7.9 mg cm^(-2)and lean electrolyte conditions(E/S ratio of 9.0μL mg^(-1)),the cathode achieves a high areal capacity of 8.2 m Ah cm^(-2),showing great promise for practical Li-S battery applications.This work broadens the scope of doping strategies in transition-metal dichalcogenides by tailoring their electronic structures,providing insightful direction for the rational development of high-efficiency electrocatalysts for advanced Li-S battery applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U25A20232,52325208,52173217,52202128)the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Grant No.FRF-IDRY24-002)。
文摘As electronic technology continues to evolve towards miniaturization and integration,the demand for micro-refrigeration technology in microelectronic systems is increasing.Ferroelectric(FE)refrigeration technology based on the electrocaloric effect(ECE)has emerged as a highly promising candidate in this field,due to its advantages of high energy efficiency,simple structure,easy miniaturization,low cost,and environmental friendliness.The EC performance of FE materials essentially depends on the phase transition features under the coupled electric and thermal fields,making the E–T phase diagram a core tool for decoding the underlying mechanism of ECE.This paper reviews the development of EC materials,focusing on the comprehensive study of E–T phase diagrams.By correlating the microscopic phase structure of FE materials with the macroscopic physical properties,it clarifies the manipulation mechanism for enhanced ECE performance,providing theoretical support for the targeted design of high-performance EC materials.In the future,the introduction of data-driven methods is expected to enable the high-throughput construction of FE phase diagrams,thereby accelerating the optimization of high-performance EC materials and promoting the practical application of FE refrigeration technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42171135)the Science and Technology Program of CNOOC Research Institute(Grant No.2023OTKK03)the“CUG Scholar”Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences(Project No.2022098).
文摘The volume change behavior of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment is essential as it influences settlement,strength,and stiffness,which directly affect the stability of hydrate reservoirs during hydrate extraction or in response to environmental changes.The volume change is influenced not only by stress but also by the formation and dissociation of hydrates.This study adopted a customized apparatus for one-dimensional compression tests,allowing independent control of gas pressure and effective stress.Tests were conducted on samples with different hydrate saturations along various temperature-gas pressure-effective stress paths,yielding some conclusions related to compressibility and creep.An unusual phenomenon was observed under low-stress conditions:hydrate formation led to shrinkage rather than expansion.Three potential mechanisms behind this occurrence were discussed.As hydrate saturation increases,the yield stress rises while the compression and swelling indexes remain minimally affected.After hydrate dissociation,the compression curve of hydrate-bearing sediment drops to that of hydrate-free sediment.Once hydrate is formed,the compression curve of hydrate-free sediment gradually approaches that of hydrate-bearing sediment during the subsequent loading.Under low-stress conditions,the creep of both hydrate-free and hydrate-bearing sediments is very weak.However,when stress increases,significantly beyond the yield stress,the creep of both sediments increases significantly,with hydrate-bearing sediment exhibiting much greater creep than hydrate-free sediment.
文摘The moment a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo arrived at the Othello Kitchenware Museum on 18 November 2025,they were greeted with a vivid show of Guangdong’s industrial strength.Standing before them was not a typical exhibition hall,but a building shaped like a gleaming stainless-steel cooking pot.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Decelopment Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3500302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20116 and 52371200)the Innovation Capability Improvement Project of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.22567605H)。
文摘Large magnetic entropy change(△S_(M))can realize a prominent heat transformation under the magnetic field and directly strengthen the efficacy of the magnetocaloric effect,which provides a pioneering environmentally friendly solidstate strategy to improve refrigeration capacities and efficiencies.The second-order magnetic transition(SOMT)materials have broader△S_(M) peaks without thermal hysteresis,making them highly attractive in magnetic refrigeration,especially in the room temperature range.Here,we report a significant enhancement of△S_(M) at room temperature in single-crystal Mn_(5)Ge_(3).In this SOMT system,we realize a 60%improvement of-△S_(M)^(max) from 3.5 J/kg·K to 5.6 J/kg·K at T=300 K.This considerable enhancement of△S_(M) is achieved by intentionally introducing strain energy through high-pressure constrained deformation.Both experimental results and Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the enhancement of△S_(M) originates from the microscopic strain and lattice deformation induced by strain energy after deformation.This strain energy will reconstruct the energy landscape of this ferromagnetic system and enhance magnetization,resulting in a giant intensity of magnetocaloric responses.Our findings provide an approach to increase magnetic entropy change and may give fresh ideas for exploring advanced magnetocaloric materials.
文摘Heterogeneous catalysis is a complex,multiscale phenomenon in which reactions occur at dynamically evolving surfaces.A longstanding goal is to probe these processes to distill design rules for novel catalytic materials,a capability that is essential to the transition toward a sustainable future[1–3].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12402432)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.BK20230936)Graduate Education and Teaching Reform Project of Nanjing University of Science and Technology(Grant No.KT2024_C14)。
文摘To elucidate the dispersion and explosion characteristics of multi-metal powder and liquid composite fuel formulations,high-energy metal powders(aluminum(Al),boron(B),and magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)))are incorporated into a liquid fuel primarily composed of diethyl ether(DEE)and isopropyl nitrate(IPN).The explosion characteristics of different solid-liquid fuel-air-explosive(FAE)under unconfined conditions are investigated using a high-speed camera,infrared thermal imaging,and a pressure measurement system.Results demonstrate that high-energy metal powders significantly enhance detonation energy dissipation,with aluminum exhibiting the most pronounced effect.Fuel 5#(45.4 wt%DEE,9.2 wt%IPN,29.5 wt%Al,9.1 wt%B,6.8 wt%MgH_(2))exhibits superior explosion performance,achieving higher values of overpressure,impulse,and thermal radiation damage during the detonation stage compared to other fuels.However,Fuel 5#also displays faster decay rates,attributed to accelerated heat release rates induced by B and MgH_(2)powders.This study reveals that different metal powders in solid-liquid FAE exhibit distinct enhancements in explosion performance,providing critical insights for optimizing composite fuel design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101077)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023NSFSC1516)+2 种基金West China School/Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University(RCDWJS2023-5)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesResearch and Develop Program,West China School/Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University。
文摘Progressive skin fibrosis ultimately results in irreversible contractures,causing both joint dysfunction and cosmetic deformity.The key pathological features of skin fibrosis include persistent inflammation and abnormal accumulation of the extracellular matrix(ECM),with epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT)playing a critical role in disease progression.However,current therapeutic strategies for cutaneous fibrosis are largely palliative and often require repeated interventions,with limited efficacy.Celastrol(Cel)exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in skin tissue,but its clinical application is limited by poor bioavailability and a narrow therapeutic window.Tetrahedral framework nucleic acid(tFNA),a novel nanocarrier system,exhibits multiple advantages,including enhanced cellular uptake,improved cell viability,and intrinsic anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties.Therefore,this study applied tFNA-Cel complex(TCC)as an advanced nanotherapeutic agent,designed to exert a synergistic anti-fibrotic effect.In this study,an in vitro model of skin fibrosis was established using human keratinocyte(HaCaT)cells treated with 5 ng mL^(-1) transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)for 24 h.The results showed that TCC significantly inhibited EMT progression by reducingα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)levels and increasing E-cadherin level.Compared to tFNA or Cel alone,TCC exhibited superior anti-fibrotic effects in the fibrosis model,as evidenced by modulation of SMAD family member 2(SMAD2)signaling and collagen I expression.Furthermore,the TCC group showed lower levels of nuclear factorκB p65(NF-κB p65),BCL-2-associated X protein(Bax),and reactive oxygen species(ROS)compared to the Cel or tFNA groups.These findings highlight TCC as a promising treatment for skin fibrosis,with its synergistic anti-fibrotic effects providing new therapeutic avenues.
基金Funded by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(No.2025GXNSFBA069565)Guangxi Science and Technology Program(No.AD25069101)Guangxi Bagui Scholars Fund。
文摘Crushing waste coral concrete into recycled aggregates to create recycled coral aggregate concrete(RCAC)contributes to sustainable construction development on offshore islands and reefs.To investigate the impact of recycled coral aggregate on concrete properties,this study performed a comprehensive analysis of the physical properties of recycled coral aggregate and the basic mechanical properties and microstructure of RCAC.The test results indicate that,compared to coral debris,the crushing index of recycled coral aggregate was reduced by 9.4%,while porosity decreased by 33.5%.Furthermore,RCAC retained the early strength characteristics of coral concrete,with compressive strength and flexural strength exhibiting a notable increase as the water-cement ratio decreased.Under identical conditions,the compressive strength and flexural strength of RCAC were 12.7% and 2.5% higher than coral concrete's,respectively,with porosity correspondingly reduced from 3.13% to 5.11%.This enhancement could be attributed to the new mortar filling the recycled coral aggregate.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis revealed three distinct interface transition zones within RCAC,with the‘new mortar-old mortar’interface identified as the weakest.The above findings provided a reference for the sustainable use of coral concrete in constructing offshore islands.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42376024and 42450181)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(File/Project no.001/2024/SKL)+2 种基金supported by the Centre for Regional Oceans in the University of Macao(SP2025-00005-CRO)CORE,which is a joint research center for ocean research between Laoshan Laboratory and HKUSTsubstantially supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(AoE/P-601/23-N and GRF 16310724).
文摘Marginal seas,as transitional zones,are closely connected to the open ocean and adjacent coastal systems.Their circulations often exhibit strong oscillatory behavior that shapes heat and salt transport,nutrient cycling,and regional ocean-atmosphere interactions.However,the characteristics and underlying dynamics of these oscillations remain insufficiently understood.Using the unique three-layer alternating circulation in the South China Sea as an example,we show that the system undergoes a pronounced regime transition from 1993-2008 to 2009-2018.This transition is closely linked to the phase change of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.Specifically,upper-layer cyclonic circulation intensifies during the pre-2009 but weakens during the post-2009 period,while the middle-layer anticyclonic circulation exhibits the opposite pattern.In contrast,the deep-layer circulation strengthens substantially during the post-20o9 period.These regime transitions arise from the interplay of surface wind forcing,the external exchanging current with the Pacific,and topographically modulated internal vertical coupling.The decadal trend of the upper-layer circulation is primarily wind-driven.The weakening of middle-layer circulation during pre-2oo9 is governed by pressure torque influenced by the upperlayer,whereas its post-2009 strengthening is attributed to vortex stretching associated with enhanced deep intrusion from the Pacific and a stronger deep-layer circulation.The findings clarify the oscillatory nature of South China Sea layered circulation under climate variability and highlight its role in regulating regional mass transport and ocean-atmosphere interaction.
文摘This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The region has substantial untapped potential in solar energy,wind energy,hydropower energy,as well as biomass and bioenergy,positioning it strategically for renewable energy deployment.The result demonstrated that integrating renewable energy can reduce greenhouse gas emissions,improve air quality,enhance energy security,and support rural development.Case studies from Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,and Tajikistan showed measurable environmental and economic benefits.However,the large-scale use of renewable energy still faces numerous barriers,including outdated infrastructure,fragmented regulatory frameworks,limited investment,and shortages of technical expertise.Overcoming these obstacles requires institutional reform,stronger regional cooperation,and increasing engagement from international financial institutions and private investors.Modernizing grids,deploying storage systems,and investing in education,research,and innovation are critical for building human capacity in renewable energy sector.Accelerating the renewable energy transition is essential for Central Asia to meet climate goals,enhance environmental resilience,and ensure long-term socioeconomic development through innovation,investment,and regional collaboration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.72372048)the“Young Top-Notch Talent”Cultivation Program of Hubei Province.
文摘Can the sharing economy contribute to urban sustainability?This study explores this question using the staggered entry of bike-sharing platforms across Chinese cities as a quasi-natural experiment.Drawing on 2015-2017 city characteristics panel data and monthly CO_(2) emission records,we employ a staggered difference-in-differences(DID)model to assess the impact of bike-sharing on per capita urban CO_(2) emissions.The results show that bike-sharing platforms significantly cut emissions by replacing high-carbon transport and boosting public adoption of shared bikes.This effect is more potent in cities with less stringent environmental enforcement,more advanced digital economies,greater technological innovation,and where two platforms jointly entered.By elucidating the mechanisms underlying bike-sharing’s carbon-reduction potential,this study highlights its role in urban sustainability.It offers policy insights for leveraging shared mobility to reduce city carbon emissions.
