In order to deal with the complex association relationships between classes in an object-oriented software system,a novel approach for identifying refactoring opportunities is proposed.The approach can be used to dete...In order to deal with the complex association relationships between classes in an object-oriented software system,a novel approach for identifying refactoring opportunities is proposed.The approach can be used to detect complex and duplicated many-to-many association relationships in source code,and to provide guidance for further refactoring.In the approach,source code is first transformed to an abstract syntax tree from which all data members of each class are extracted,then each class is characterized in connection with a set of association classes saving its data members.Next,classes in common associations are obtained by comparing different association classes sets in integrated analysis.Finally,on condition of pre-defined thresholds,all class sets in candidate for refactoring and their common association classes are saved and exported.This approach is tested on 4 projects.The results show that the precision is over 96%when the threshold is 3,and 100%when the threshold is 4.Meanwhile,this approach has good execution efficiency as the execution time taken for a project with more than 500 classes is less than 4 s,which also indicates that it can be applied to projects of different scales to identify their refactoring opportunities effectively.展开更多
In the power distribution system,the missing or incorrect file of users-transformer relationship(UTR)in lowvoltage station area(LVSA)will affect the leanmanagement of the LVSA,and the operation andmaintenance of the d...In the power distribution system,the missing or incorrect file of users-transformer relationship(UTR)in lowvoltage station area(LVSA)will affect the leanmanagement of the LVSA,and the operation andmaintenance of the distribution network.To effectively improve the lean management of LVSA,the paper proposes an identification method for the UTR based on Local Selective Combination in ParallelOutlier Ensembles algorithm(LSCP).Firstly,the voltage data is reconstructed based on the information entropy to highlight the differences in between.Then,the LSCP algorithmcombines four base outlier detection algorithms,namely Isolation Forest(I-Forest),One-Class Support VectorMachine(OC-SVM),Copula-Based Outlier Detection(COPOD)and Local Outlier Factor(LOF),to construct the identification model of UTR.This model can accurately detect users’differences in voltage data,and identify users with wrong UTR.Meanwhile,the key input parameter of the LSCP algorithm is determined automatically through the line loss rate,and the influence of artificial settings on recognition accuracy can be reduced.Finally,thismethod is verified in the actual LVSA where the recall and precision rates are 100%compared with othermethods.Furthermore,the applicability to the LVSAs with difficult data acquisition and the voltage data error in transmission are analyzed.The proposed method adopts the ensemble learning framework and does not need to set the detection threshold manually.And it is applicable to the LVSAs with difficult data acquisition and high voltage similarity,which improves the stability and accuracy of UTR identification in LVSA.展开更多
Urban functional area(UFA)is a core scientific issue affecting urban sustainability.The current knowledge gap is mainly reflected in the lack of multi-scale quantitative interpretation methods from the perspective of ...Urban functional area(UFA)is a core scientific issue affecting urban sustainability.The current knowledge gap is mainly reflected in the lack of multi-scale quantitative interpretation methods from the perspective of human-land interaction.In this paper,based on multi-source big data include 250 m×250 m resolution cell phone data,1.81×105 Points of Interest(POI)data and administrative boundary data,we built a UFA identification method and demonstrated empirically in Shenyang City,China.We argue that the method we built can effectively identify multi-scale multi-type UFAs based on human activity and further reveal the spatial correlation between urban facilities and human activity.The empirical study suggests that the employment functional zones in Shenyang City are more concentrated in central cities than other single functional zones.There are more mix functional areas in the central city areas,while the planned industrial new cities need to develop comprehensive functions in Shenyang.UFAs have scale effects and human-land interaction patterns.We suggest that city decision makers should apply multi-sources big data to measure urban functional service in a more refined manner from a supply-demand perspective.展开更多
为实现锂离子电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)的准确估计,针对锂离子电池模型参数在线辨识精度不足和开路电压(open-circuit voltage,OCV)-SOC映射不准确等问题,提出一种锂离子电池自适应参数动态辨识和OCV-SOC映射修正方法。首先,...为实现锂离子电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)的准确估计,针对锂离子电池模型参数在线辨识精度不足和开路电压(open-circuit voltage,OCV)-SOC映射不准确等问题,提出一种锂离子电池自适应参数动态辨识和OCV-SOC映射修正方法。首先,构建二阶RC等效电路模型;其次,通过混合脉冲功率特征(hybrid pulsepower characteristic,HPPC)实验确定初始参数,并设计一种自适应的参数动态修正方法;最后,在不同温度条件下,构建充放电OCV-SOC映射关系曲线并进行拟合分析。实验结果表明,所提方法的参数辨识精度和OCV-SOC映射准确性均优于传统方法。展开更多
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to assess the genetic variations and phylogenetic relationships in 4 species ofPorphyra. The samples were collected from the coast of Canada, Vietnam, Zh...Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to assess the genetic variations and phylogenetic relationships in 4 species ofPorphyra. The samples were collected from the coast of Canada, Vietnam, Zhoushan, Fujian and Qingdao in China. Amplifications with 20 primers were carried out under predetermined optimal reaction conditions (samples were first heated at 94°C for 5 min. and followed by 45 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 36°C, and 2 min at 72°C, then held at 72°C for 10 min). The amplified products were scored as present (1) or absent (0) for each DNA sample and an index of genetic similarity (F) was calculated by using Nei & Li’s matching coefficient method (1979). The value of (1?F) was used to quantify the genetic distances between species and construct a phylogenetic tree. The relationship indicated by the UPGMA and NJ cluster analysis on the values of the genetic distance is in good overall agreement with classical taxonomy. The obvious differences between natural and cultivated population ofP. haitanensi suggest that variation or hybridization with other species occurred during the culture.展开更多
Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)is one of the world’s most important fruit crops,and China produces the most watermelons in the world.Recently,a watermelon variome consisting of 414 key resequenced accessions was report...Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)is one of the world’s most important fruit crops,and China produces the most watermelons in the world.Recently,a watermelon variome consisting of 414 key resequenced accessions was reported.However,the genetic relationships and pedigree of Chinese watermelon varieties in the seed market remain unclear.In this study,241 evenly distributed perfect single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)derived from the watermelon variome were selected for variety identification.The diversity of 247 Chinese watermelon varieties was identified based on their SNP genotypes.The 247 watermelon varieties were clustered into five subpopulations:the East Asian ecotype,intermediate ecotype,small fruit with red flesh ecotype,small fruit with yellow flesh ecotype,and American ecotype.We further established the pedigree of four subpopulations,of which JingXinNo.1,ZaoChunHongYu,HuangXiaoYu and XiaoLan,and Sugarlee were the main doner of the East Asian ecotype,small fruit with red flesh ecotype,small fruit with yellow flesh ecotype,and American ecotype,respectively.Thirty-two core SNPs were selected and applied in watermelon variety identification.They were also validated by the Kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASPar)platform.The present study furthered our understanding of the genetic relationships and pedigree of watermelon varieties in China,and will help to manage the plant variety protection in watermelon.展开更多
In this paper, the regular characteristic of -wear particles related to fault type of machines based on condition monitoring of reciprocal machinery is discussed. The typical -wear particles spectrum is established ac...In this paper, the regular characteristic of -wear particles related to fault type of machines based on condition monitoring of reciprocal machinery is discussed. The typical -wear particles spectrum is established according to the equipment structure , friction and wear rule and the characteristic of 'wear particles; The identification technology of wear particles is proposed based on neural networks and a gray relationship ; an intelligent wear particles identification system is designed. The diagnosis example shows that this system can promote the accuracy and the speed of wear particles identification.展开更多
Objective： To identify the plants in Vitex including Vitex negundo L. , V. negundo var. cannabifolia （Sieb. et Zuee. ） Hand. -Mazz. , V. trifolia L. and V. trifolia L. var. simplicifolia Cham.. Methods： Both intra...Objective： To identify the plants in Vitex including Vitex negundo L. , V. negundo var. cannabifolia （Sieb. et Zuee. ） Hand. -Mazz. , V. trifolia L. and V. trifolia L. var. simplicifolia Cham.. Methods： Both intra- and inter-species relationships among these plants were analyzed by RAPD marker. Twenty-one samples collected from different locations in China were tested using 25 RAPD arbitrary 10- mer primers which were screened from 32 primers. Cluster analysis was conducted by Ward＇s minimumvariance method of SAS software. Results： A total of 224 bands were produced and 128 bands showed polymorphism among 21 samples. The level of polymorphism within species was 51.7%. The dendrogram constructed based on RAPD analysis showed that 21 samples can be placed in 2 groups at the level of SPRS value of 0. 3636. The first group included V. trifolia var. simplicifolia and V. trifolia. The other consisted of V. negundo and V. negundo var. cannabifolia.. At the level of SPRS value of 0. 1, 21 samples can be obviously divided into 3 groups. V. trifolia and V. trifolia var. simplicifolia were clustered into one group, V. negundo and V. negundo var. cannabifolia were separately clustered to 2 groups. Conclusion： RAPD analysis is in good agreement with the traditional plant taxonomic classification, and fundamentally identical with their origins and morphologie characteristics, which indicates that the genetic relationship among samples is related to their center of origin. These medicinal species in Vitex have their specific bands which are available to identify. These specific bands can be used as species-specific molecular markers of Fruetus Vitieis for the application of germplasm identification and classification.展开更多
文摘In order to deal with the complex association relationships between classes in an object-oriented software system,a novel approach for identifying refactoring opportunities is proposed.The approach can be used to detect complex and duplicated many-to-many association relationships in source code,and to provide guidance for further refactoring.In the approach,source code is first transformed to an abstract syntax tree from which all data members of each class are extracted,then each class is characterized in connection with a set of association classes saving its data members.Next,classes in common associations are obtained by comparing different association classes sets in integrated analysis.Finally,on condition of pre-defined thresholds,all class sets in candidate for refactoring and their common association classes are saved and exported.This approach is tested on 4 projects.The results show that the precision is over 96%when the threshold is 3,and 100%when the threshold is 4.Meanwhile,this approach has good execution efficiency as the execution time taken for a project with more than 500 classes is less than 4 s,which also indicates that it can be applied to projects of different scales to identify their refactoring opportunities effectively.
文摘In the power distribution system,the missing or incorrect file of users-transformer relationship(UTR)in lowvoltage station area(LVSA)will affect the leanmanagement of the LVSA,and the operation andmaintenance of the distribution network.To effectively improve the lean management of LVSA,the paper proposes an identification method for the UTR based on Local Selective Combination in ParallelOutlier Ensembles algorithm(LSCP).Firstly,the voltage data is reconstructed based on the information entropy to highlight the differences in between.Then,the LSCP algorithmcombines four base outlier detection algorithms,namely Isolation Forest(I-Forest),One-Class Support VectorMachine(OC-SVM),Copula-Based Outlier Detection(COPOD)and Local Outlier Factor(LOF),to construct the identification model of UTR.This model can accurately detect users’differences in voltage data,and identify users with wrong UTR.Meanwhile,the key input parameter of the LSCP algorithm is determined automatically through the line loss rate,and the influence of artificial settings on recognition accuracy can be reduced.Finally,thismethod is verified in the actual LVSA where the recall and precision rates are 100%compared with othermethods.Furthermore,the applicability to the LVSAs with difficult data acquisition and the voltage data error in transmission are analyzed.The proposed method adopts the ensemble learning framework and does not need to set the detection threshold manually.And it is applicable to the LVSAs with difficult data acquisition and high voltage similarity,which improves the stability and accuracy of UTR identification in LVSA.
基金Under the auspices of Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41971166)。
文摘Urban functional area(UFA)is a core scientific issue affecting urban sustainability.The current knowledge gap is mainly reflected in the lack of multi-scale quantitative interpretation methods from the perspective of human-land interaction.In this paper,based on multi-source big data include 250 m×250 m resolution cell phone data,1.81×105 Points of Interest(POI)data and administrative boundary data,we built a UFA identification method and demonstrated empirically in Shenyang City,China.We argue that the method we built can effectively identify multi-scale multi-type UFAs based on human activity and further reveal the spatial correlation between urban facilities and human activity.The empirical study suggests that the employment functional zones in Shenyang City are more concentrated in central cities than other single functional zones.There are more mix functional areas in the central city areas,while the planned industrial new cities need to develop comprehensive functions in Shenyang.UFAs have scale effects and human-land interaction patterns.We suggest that city decision makers should apply multi-sources big data to measure urban functional service in a more refined manner from a supply-demand perspective.
文摘Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to assess the genetic variations and phylogenetic relationships in 4 species ofPorphyra. The samples were collected from the coast of Canada, Vietnam, Zhoushan, Fujian and Qingdao in China. Amplifications with 20 primers were carried out under predetermined optimal reaction conditions (samples were first heated at 94°C for 5 min. and followed by 45 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 36°C, and 2 min at 72°C, then held at 72°C for 10 min). The amplified products were scored as present (1) or absent (0) for each DNA sample and an index of genetic similarity (F) was calculated by using Nei & Li’s matching coefficient method (1979). The value of (1?F) was used to quantify the genetic distances between species and construct a phylogenetic tree. The relationship indicated by the UPGMA and NJ cluster analysis on the values of the genetic distance is in good overall agreement with classical taxonomy. The obvious differences between natural and cultivated population ofP. haitanensi suggest that variation or hybridization with other species occurred during the culture.
基金supported by the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (Grant Nos. KJCX201907-2, QNJJ201813, and KJCX20200303)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFD0102004)
文摘Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)is one of the world’s most important fruit crops,and China produces the most watermelons in the world.Recently,a watermelon variome consisting of 414 key resequenced accessions was reported.However,the genetic relationships and pedigree of Chinese watermelon varieties in the seed market remain unclear.In this study,241 evenly distributed perfect single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)derived from the watermelon variome were selected for variety identification.The diversity of 247 Chinese watermelon varieties was identified based on their SNP genotypes.The 247 watermelon varieties were clustered into five subpopulations:the East Asian ecotype,intermediate ecotype,small fruit with red flesh ecotype,small fruit with yellow flesh ecotype,and American ecotype.We further established the pedigree of four subpopulations,of which JingXinNo.1,ZaoChunHongYu,HuangXiaoYu and XiaoLan,and Sugarlee were the main doner of the East Asian ecotype,small fruit with red flesh ecotype,small fruit with yellow flesh ecotype,and American ecotype,respectively.Thirty-two core SNPs were selected and applied in watermelon variety identification.They were also validated by the Kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASPar)platform.The present study furthered our understanding of the genetic relationships and pedigree of watermelon varieties in China,and will help to manage the plant variety protection in watermelon.
文摘In this paper, the regular characteristic of -wear particles related to fault type of machines based on condition monitoring of reciprocal machinery is discussed. The typical -wear particles spectrum is established according to the equipment structure , friction and wear rule and the characteristic of 'wear particles; The identification technology of wear particles is proposed based on neural networks and a gray relationship ; an intelligent wear particles identification system is designed. The diagnosis example shows that this system can promote the accuracy and the speed of wear particles identification.
基金Supported by specific TCM modernization fund.Shanghai Commission of Sci &.Tech (No.04D19810)
文摘Objective： To identify the plants in Vitex including Vitex negundo L. , V. negundo var. cannabifolia （Sieb. et Zuee. ） Hand. -Mazz. , V. trifolia L. and V. trifolia L. var. simplicifolia Cham.. Methods： Both intra- and inter-species relationships among these plants were analyzed by RAPD marker. Twenty-one samples collected from different locations in China were tested using 25 RAPD arbitrary 10- mer primers which were screened from 32 primers. Cluster analysis was conducted by Ward＇s minimumvariance method of SAS software. Results： A total of 224 bands were produced and 128 bands showed polymorphism among 21 samples. The level of polymorphism within species was 51.7%. The dendrogram constructed based on RAPD analysis showed that 21 samples can be placed in 2 groups at the level of SPRS value of 0. 3636. The first group included V. trifolia var. simplicifolia and V. trifolia. The other consisted of V. negundo and V. negundo var. cannabifolia.. At the level of SPRS value of 0. 1, 21 samples can be obviously divided into 3 groups. V. trifolia and V. trifolia var. simplicifolia were clustered into one group, V. negundo and V. negundo var. cannabifolia were separately clustered to 2 groups. Conclusion： RAPD analysis is in good agreement with the traditional plant taxonomic classification, and fundamentally identical with their origins and morphologie characteristics, which indicates that the genetic relationship among samples is related to their center of origin. These medicinal species in Vitex have their specific bands which are available to identify. These specific bands can be used as species-specific molecular markers of Fruetus Vitieis for the application of germplasm identification and classification.
