transformer is a switch gene for sex determination in many insects, which cooperates with transformer-2 that is expressed in both sexes to regulate female differentiation, particularly in dipterans. Zeugodacus cucurbi...transformer is a switch gene for sex determination in many insects, which cooperates with transformer-2 that is expressed in both sexes to regulate female differentiation, particularly in dipterans. Zeugodacus cucurbitae(Coquillett) is a very destructive pest worldwide, however, its sex determination pathway remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that the female sex ratio is sharply reduced with knockdown of either transformer or transformer-2 by RNA interference in early embryos of Z. cucurbitae. Most of the males grown from the embryos with transient transformer and transformer-2 suppression mated with wild-type females and produced mixed sex progeny, with one exception that produced only female progeny, and all of the few remaining males failed to mate with wild-type females and produced no progeny. The exceptional male and those males with mating failure were XX pseudomales as determined by the detection of Y chromosome-linked Maleness-on-the-Y, indicating that most XX pseudomales are not viable. The phenotypes of transformer and transformer-2 suggest that they play a key role in regulating sex determination and are required for female sexual development of Z. cucurbitae. Our results will be beneficial to the understanding of sex determination in Z. cucurbitae and can facilitate the development of genetic sexing strains for its biological control.展开更多
The transformer-2(tra-2) gene plays a key role in the regulatory hierarchy of sexual differentiation in somatic tissues and in the germline of Drosophila melanogaster.In this study,sequences and expression profiles of...The transformer-2(tra-2) gene plays a key role in the regulatory hierarchy of sexual differentiation in somatic tissues and in the germline of Drosophila melanogaster.In this study,sequences and expression profiles of tra-2 in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis were characterized.Four tra-2 isoforms,designated as Estra-2a,Estra-2b,Estra-2c,and Estra-2d,were isolated.They all contained an RNA-recognition motif(RRM) and a linker region,which shared high similarity with other reported tra-2s.Sequence analysis revealed that Estra-2a,Estra-2b and Estra-2c are encoded by the same genomic locus and are generated by alternative splicing of the pre-mRNA.Compared with the other three isoforms,Estra-2d lacks the RS2 domain.Quantitative real-time PCR showed that all four isoforms were highly expressed in the fertilized egg,and in the 2-4 cell and blastula stages compared with larval stages(P<0.01),suggesting their maternal origin in early embryonic developmental stages.Notably,Estra-2a was highly expressed in male somatic tissues,while Estra-2c was significantly highly expressed in the ovary.These results suggest that Estra-2c is involved in sexual differentiation of the Chinese mitten crab.Our findings provide basic information for further functional studies of the tra-2 gene/protein in this species.展开更多
In dynamic 5G network environments,user mobility and heterogeneous network topologies pose dual challenges to the effort of improving performance of mobile edge caching.Existing studies often overlook the dynamic natu...In dynamic 5G network environments,user mobility and heterogeneous network topologies pose dual challenges to the effort of improving performance of mobile edge caching.Existing studies often overlook the dynamic nature of user locations and the potential of device-to-device(D2D)cooperative caching,limiting the reduction of transmission latency.To address this issue,this paper proposes a joint optimization scheme for edge caching that integrates user mobility prediction with deep reinforcement learning.First,a Transformer-based geolocation prediction model is designed,leveraging multi-head attention mechanisms to capture correlations in historical user trajectories for accurate future location prediction.Then,within a three-tier heterogeneous network,we formulate a latency minimization problem under a D2D cooperative caching architecture and develop a mobility-aware Deep Q-Network(DQN)caching strategy.This strategy takes predicted location information as state input and dynamically adjusts the content distribution across small base stations(SBSs)andmobile users(MUs)to reduce end-to-end delay inmulti-hop content retrieval.Simulation results show that the proposed DQN-based method outperforms other baseline strategies across variousmetrics,achieving a 17.2%reduction in transmission delay compared to DQNmethods withoutmobility integration,thus validating the effectiveness of the joint optimization of location prediction and caching decisions.展开更多
芝麻是八大类食物过敏原之一,快速准确识别芝麻过敏原对预防其过敏有重要意义。核酸适配体可以高效识别靶标过敏原,在过敏原检测中有良好的应用前景。为了获得芝麻主要过敏原Ses i 2的特异性核酸适体,本研究以Ses i 2为靶标,通过磁珠筛...芝麻是八大类食物过敏原之一,快速准确识别芝麻过敏原对预防其过敏有重要意义。核酸适配体可以高效识别靶标过敏原,在过敏原检测中有良好的应用前景。为了获得芝麻主要过敏原Ses i 2的特异性核酸适体,本研究以Ses i 2为靶标,通过磁珠筛选法(磁珠-SELEX)开展10轮筛选,经由高通量测序获得6条候补序列(S1~S6),并进行家族性、同源性分析及二级结构预测。结果表明,6条候选核酸适体的重复率可达46.38%,其自由能在-9.02到-2.47 kcal·moL^(-1)之间,根据自由能能量稳定原则,S1和S5吉布斯自由能最低最稳定,分别为-6.70和-9.02 kcal·moL^(-1)。利用ELISA试验进行亲和力测试,结果表明核酸适体S1和S2的亲和能力较强,S1:KD=67.02 nmol·L^(-1),R2=0.925 8,S2:KD=97.65 nmol·L^(-1),R2=0.795 1。核酸适体S1与过敏原Ses i 2的结合力和其他过敏原蛋白相比有显著差异,可视为具有特异性。本研究最终获得一条兼具良好亲和力和特异性的核酸适体S1,为芝麻过敏原快速检测提供了技术支撑。展开更多
目的探讨三酰甘油葡萄糖乘积(triglyceride-glucose index,TyG)指数和血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)与老年冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)合并2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者冠状动脉...目的探讨三酰甘油葡萄糖乘积(triglyceride-glucose index,TyG)指数和血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)与老年冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)合并2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者冠状动脉正性重构的关系。方法按照住院先后顺序选取2022年1月至2023年6月河南科技大学第一附属医院心血管内科收治的老年CHD合并T2DM患者120例,根据重构指数分为正性重构组47例和非正性重构组73例。比较2组临床资料;采用多因素logistic回归分析冠状动脉正性重构的危险因素;采用Spearman相关性分析TyG和AIP与冠状动脉正性重构的相关性;采用ROC曲线分析TyG和AIP对冠状动脉正性重构的预测价值。结果正性重构组吸烟、三酰甘油、糖化血红蛋白、TyG、AIP显著高于非正性重构组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血钙水平显著低于非正性重构组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。单因素logistic回归分析显示,吸烟、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、糖化血红蛋白、血钙、TyG、AIP是老年CHD合并T2DM患者冠状动脉正性重构的危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,TyG(OR=7.253,95%CI:2.458~13.364,P=0.035)、AIP(OR=6.017,95%CI:2.205~12.025,P=0.030)是老年CHD合并T2DM患者冠状动脉正性重构的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。TyG、AIP预测老年CHD合并T2DM患者冠状动脉正性重构的曲线下面积分别为0.783、0.766,联合预测老年CHD合并T2DM患者冠状动脉正性重构的曲线下面积为0.868,显著优于单独预测(P<0.05)。结论TyG和AIP与老年CHD合并T2DM患者冠状动脉正性重构密切相关,可作为预测冠状动脉正性重构的有效指标,对临床早期识别高危患者及制定个体化干预策略具有重要意义。展开更多
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(321CXTD435)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860523,31660339,31702059,and 32260665)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2601400)。
文摘transformer is a switch gene for sex determination in many insects, which cooperates with transformer-2 that is expressed in both sexes to regulate female differentiation, particularly in dipterans. Zeugodacus cucurbitae(Coquillett) is a very destructive pest worldwide, however, its sex determination pathway remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that the female sex ratio is sharply reduced with knockdown of either transformer or transformer-2 by RNA interference in early embryos of Z. cucurbitae. Most of the males grown from the embryos with transient transformer and transformer-2 suppression mated with wild-type females and produced mixed sex progeny, with one exception that produced only female progeny, and all of the few remaining males failed to mate with wild-type females and produced no progeny. The exceptional male and those males with mating failure were XX pseudomales as determined by the detection of Y chromosome-linked Maleness-on-the-Y, indicating that most XX pseudomales are not viable. The phenotypes of transformer and transformer-2 suggest that they play a key role in regulating sex determination and are required for female sexual development of Z. cucurbitae. Our results will be beneficial to the understanding of sex determination in Z. cucurbitae and can facilitate the development of genetic sexing strains for its biological control.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA10A409)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.2015ASKJ02)
文摘The transformer-2(tra-2) gene plays a key role in the regulatory hierarchy of sexual differentiation in somatic tissues and in the germline of Drosophila melanogaster.In this study,sequences and expression profiles of tra-2 in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis were characterized.Four tra-2 isoforms,designated as Estra-2a,Estra-2b,Estra-2c,and Estra-2d,were isolated.They all contained an RNA-recognition motif(RRM) and a linker region,which shared high similarity with other reported tra-2s.Sequence analysis revealed that Estra-2a,Estra-2b and Estra-2c are encoded by the same genomic locus and are generated by alternative splicing of the pre-mRNA.Compared with the other three isoforms,Estra-2d lacks the RS2 domain.Quantitative real-time PCR showed that all four isoforms were highly expressed in the fertilized egg,and in the 2-4 cell and blastula stages compared with larval stages(P<0.01),suggesting their maternal origin in early embryonic developmental stages.Notably,Estra-2a was highly expressed in male somatic tissues,while Estra-2c was significantly highly expressed in the ovary.These results suggest that Estra-2c is involved in sexual differentiation of the Chinese mitten crab.Our findings provide basic information for further functional studies of the tra-2 gene/protein in this species.
基金supported by the Liaoning Provincial Education Department Fund,grant number JYTZD2023083.
文摘In dynamic 5G network environments,user mobility and heterogeneous network topologies pose dual challenges to the effort of improving performance of mobile edge caching.Existing studies often overlook the dynamic nature of user locations and the potential of device-to-device(D2D)cooperative caching,limiting the reduction of transmission latency.To address this issue,this paper proposes a joint optimization scheme for edge caching that integrates user mobility prediction with deep reinforcement learning.First,a Transformer-based geolocation prediction model is designed,leveraging multi-head attention mechanisms to capture correlations in historical user trajectories for accurate future location prediction.Then,within a three-tier heterogeneous network,we formulate a latency minimization problem under a D2D cooperative caching architecture and develop a mobility-aware Deep Q-Network(DQN)caching strategy.This strategy takes predicted location information as state input and dynamically adjusts the content distribution across small base stations(SBSs)andmobile users(MUs)to reduce end-to-end delay inmulti-hop content retrieval.Simulation results show that the proposed DQN-based method outperforms other baseline strategies across variousmetrics,achieving a 17.2%reduction in transmission delay compared to DQNmethods withoutmobility integration,thus validating the effectiveness of the joint optimization of location prediction and caching decisions.
文摘芝麻是八大类食物过敏原之一,快速准确识别芝麻过敏原对预防其过敏有重要意义。核酸适配体可以高效识别靶标过敏原,在过敏原检测中有良好的应用前景。为了获得芝麻主要过敏原Ses i 2的特异性核酸适体,本研究以Ses i 2为靶标,通过磁珠筛选法(磁珠-SELEX)开展10轮筛选,经由高通量测序获得6条候补序列(S1~S6),并进行家族性、同源性分析及二级结构预测。结果表明,6条候选核酸适体的重复率可达46.38%,其自由能在-9.02到-2.47 kcal·moL^(-1)之间,根据自由能能量稳定原则,S1和S5吉布斯自由能最低最稳定,分别为-6.70和-9.02 kcal·moL^(-1)。利用ELISA试验进行亲和力测试,结果表明核酸适体S1和S2的亲和能力较强,S1:KD=67.02 nmol·L^(-1),R2=0.925 8,S2:KD=97.65 nmol·L^(-1),R2=0.795 1。核酸适体S1与过敏原Ses i 2的结合力和其他过敏原蛋白相比有显著差异,可视为具有特异性。本研究最终获得一条兼具良好亲和力和特异性的核酸适体S1,为芝麻过敏原快速检测提供了技术支撑。
文摘目的探讨三酰甘油葡萄糖乘积(triglyceride-glucose index,TyG)指数和血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)与老年冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)合并2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者冠状动脉正性重构的关系。方法按照住院先后顺序选取2022年1月至2023年6月河南科技大学第一附属医院心血管内科收治的老年CHD合并T2DM患者120例,根据重构指数分为正性重构组47例和非正性重构组73例。比较2组临床资料;采用多因素logistic回归分析冠状动脉正性重构的危险因素;采用Spearman相关性分析TyG和AIP与冠状动脉正性重构的相关性;采用ROC曲线分析TyG和AIP对冠状动脉正性重构的预测价值。结果正性重构组吸烟、三酰甘油、糖化血红蛋白、TyG、AIP显著高于非正性重构组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血钙水平显著低于非正性重构组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。单因素logistic回归分析显示,吸烟、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、糖化血红蛋白、血钙、TyG、AIP是老年CHD合并T2DM患者冠状动脉正性重构的危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,TyG(OR=7.253,95%CI:2.458~13.364,P=0.035)、AIP(OR=6.017,95%CI:2.205~12.025,P=0.030)是老年CHD合并T2DM患者冠状动脉正性重构的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。TyG、AIP预测老年CHD合并T2DM患者冠状动脉正性重构的曲线下面积分别为0.783、0.766,联合预测老年CHD合并T2DM患者冠状动脉正性重构的曲线下面积为0.868,显著优于单独预测(P<0.05)。结论TyG和AIP与老年CHD合并T2DM患者冠状动脉正性重构密切相关,可作为预测冠状动脉正性重构的有效指标,对临床早期识别高危患者及制定个体化干预策略具有重要意义。
