The paper presents a new analytical framework to discuss the effect of Chinese foreign investment policy on the international technology transfer absorbed by enterprises of different ownership.The US Trade Representat...The paper presents a new analytical framework to discuss the effect of Chinese foreign investment policy on the international technology transfer absorbed by enterprises of different ownership.The US Trade Representative claims that the Chinese government’s requirements regarding joint ventures pressure US companies to transfer intellectual property to Chinese companies.However,we argue that:(1)Based on analysis of the technical fees of technology import contracts and the number of US patents transferred to enterprises registered in the Chinese mainland,China’s foreign investment policy does not pressure US companies to transfer unremunerated technology to Chinese companies.(2)The invention and utility model patents filed by Chinese joint-venture enterprises or Chinese partner companies do not show an abnormally rapid growth,which means China’s FDI policy does not force US companies to transfer intellectual property in exchange for China’s market.(3)After 2012,the US-China technology transfer absorbed by enterprises of different ownership showed a significantly positive effect in reducing China-US trade surplus.展开更多
The impact of prior cesarean section（CS） on the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer（IVF-ET） was investigated. A retrospective analysis was performed on 144 patients with p...The impact of prior cesarean section（CS） on the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer（IVF-ET） was investigated. A retrospective analysis was performed on 144 patients with prior CS between January 2013 and December 2015. The pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes of patients who had previous CS delivery and received IVF-ET were analyzed. The control group comprised 166 patients who had only previous vaginal delivery（VD） and received IVF-ET during the same period. The results showed that the basal follicle stimulating hormone level, estradiol level on human chorionic gonadotropin（h CG） day, gonadotrophin dosage, duration of stimulation, retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate, high-quality embryo rate, multiple birth rate, abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate had no significant difference between the two groups（P〉0.05）. The pregnancy rate（40.28% vs. 54.22%） and implantation rate（24.01% vs. 34.67%） were significantly lower（P〈0.05）, and the ratio of embryo difficulty transfer（9/144 vs. 0/166） was significantly higher in CS group than in VD group. The risk of pernicious placenta previa and postpartum hemorrhage in twin deliveries was significantly increased in CS group as compared with that in VD group（P〈0.05）, and gestational age and neonatal birth weight were significantly reduced in twin deliveries as compared with singleton deliveries in both groups（P〈0.05）. It was suggested that the existence of CS scar may impact embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy outcome, and increase the difficulty of ET. We should limit the number of transfer embryos to avoid multiple pregnancies and strengthen gestational supervision in patients with cesarean scar.展开更多
The nonradiative charge-transfer cross sections for protons colliding with Rb（5s） atoms are calculated by using the quantum-mechanical molecularorbital close-coupling method in an energy range of 10-a keV-10 keV. Th...The nonradiative charge-transfer cross sections for protons colliding with Rb（5s） atoms are calculated by using the quantum-mechanical molecularorbital close-coupling method in an energy range of 10-a keV-10 keV. The total and state-selective charge-transfer cross sections are in good agreement with the experimental data in the relatively low energy region. The importance of rotational coupling for chargetransfer process is stressed. Compared with the radiative charge-transfer process, nonradiative charge transfer is a dominant mechanism at energies above 15 eV. The resonance structures of state-selective charge-transfer cross sections arising from the competition among channels are analysed in detail. The radiative and nonradiative1 charge-transfer rate coefficients from low to high temperature are presented.展开更多
On the basis of the analysis of field thermogeochemical data along abnormal zones of a thermal stream in the Bukhara-Khiva, oil-and-gas region of the Turan (Tegermen, Chagakul, Shimoly Alat, Beshtepa) was succeeded to...On the basis of the analysis of field thermogeochemical data along abnormal zones of a thermal stream in the Bukhara-Khiva, oil-and-gas region of the Turan (Tegermen, Chagakul, Shimoly Alat, Beshtepa) was succeeded to obtain important data on a deep structure of sites. Data of gas-chemical and geothermal observations show about confinedness of abnormal concentration of methane to zones of the increased values of the temperature field the measured values of temperatures (Tegermen Square and others). On geoelectric section mines 2-D of inversion of the MT-field depth of 4000 m are lower, among very high-resistance the chemogenic and carbonate deposits of the Paleozoic is traced the subvertical carrying-out abnormal zone. This zone is identified as the channel of a deep heat and mass transfer with which hydrocarbon (HC) deposits are connected. It is shown that electro-investigation when using a geophysical complex can and has to become “advancing” at exploration by oil and gas.展开更多
An exact analytical solution is obtained for convective heat transfer in straight ducts with rectangular cross-sections for the first time.This solution is valid for both H1 and H2 boundary conditions,which are relate...An exact analytical solution is obtained for convective heat transfer in straight ducts with rectangular cross-sections for the first time.This solution is valid for both H1 and H2 boundary conditions,which are related to fully developed convective heat transfer under constant heat flux at the duct walls.The separation of variables method and various other mathematical techniques are used to find the closed form of the temperature distribution.The local and mean Nusselt numbers are also obtained as functions of the aspect ratio.A new physical constraint is presented to solve the Neumann problem in non-dimensional analysis for the H2 boundary conditions.This is one of the major innovations of the current study.The analytical results indicate a singularity occurs at a critical aspect ratio of 2.4912 when calculating the local and mean Nusselt numbers.展开更多
By considering the relative velocity distribution function and multipole expansion interaction Hamiltonian, a three-state model for calculating the cross section of laser-induced quadrupole-quadrupole collisional ener...By considering the relative velocity distribution function and multipole expansion interaction Hamiltonian, a three-state model for calculating the cross section of laser-induced quadrupole-quadrupole collisional energy transfer is presented. Calculated results in Xe-Kr system show that in the present system, the laser-induced collision process occurs for -4 ps, which is much shorter than the dipole-dipole laser-induced collisional energy transfer （LICET） process. The spectrum of laser-induced quadrupole quadrupole collisional energy transfer in Xe-Kr system has wider tunable range in an order of magnitude than the dipole-dipole LICET spectra. The peak cross section decreases and moves to the quasi-static wing with increasing temperature and the full width at half peak of the profile becomes larger as the system temperature increases.展开更多
A four-state model considering the relative velocity distribution function for calculating the cross section of laserinduced collisional energy transfer in a Sr Li system is presented and profiles of laser-induced col...A four-state model considering the relative velocity distribution function for calculating the cross section of laserinduced collisional energy transfer in a Sr Li system is presented and profiles of laser-induced collision cross section are obtained. The resulting spectra obtained from different intermediate states are strongly asymmetrical in an opposite asymmetry. Both of the two intermediate states have contributions to the final state, and none of the intermediate states should be neglected. The peak of the laser-induced collisional energy transfer （LICET） profile shifts toward the red and the FWHM becomes narrower obviously with laser field intensity increasing. A cross section of 1.2 × 10^-12 cm2 at a laser field intensity of 2.17 ×107 V/m is obtained, which indicates that this collision process can be an effective way to transfer energy selectively from a storage state to a target state. The existence of saturation for cross section with the increase of the laser intensity shows that the high-intensity redistribution of transition probabilities is an important feature of this process, which is not accounted for in a two-state treatment.展开更多
The ratios of transfer ionization （TI） to single-electron capture （SC） cross sections have been measured for the collisions of partially stripped C^q＋ ions （q = 1-4） with He. The collision velocity ranges from ...The ratios of transfer ionization （TI） to single-electron capture （SC） cross sections have been measured for the collisions of partially stripped C^q＋ ions （q = 1-4） with He. The collision velocity ranges from 0.7 to 4.4 vo （vo is the Bohr velocity）. The projectile-ion and recoil-ion coincidence technique is used to separate the processes of TI and SC. The ratios reach the maximum when the velocity is about 3.7 vo. This can be explained qualitatively based on the two-step mechanism. The experimental results are also compared with the results calculated using the classical trajectory Monte Carlo （CTMC） method. The CTMC results are in agreement with the experimental data basically. The discrepancies in higher velocity region are interpreted by the effective charge effect.展开更多
Laser multipass welding techniques for thick section steels have been developed using a new type of UV combined narrow groove. The shape and sizes at the bottom of groove are determined by analyzing the plasma behavio...Laser multipass welding techniques for thick section steels have been developed using a new type of UV combined narrow groove. The shape and sizes at the bottom of groove are determined by analyzing the plasma behavior using high speed photographic equipment. A stable autogenous CO2 laser welding process and greater penetration are generated at the root pass because of strong reduction of the plasma volume. According to the waveforms of welding current and arc voltage, and the interaction between the arc and the laser induced plasma, a suitable groove angle is obtained. Laser-double MIG hybrid welding process is studied and the optimum distances between the laser and two arcs are determined. By using autogenous CO2 laser welding, CO2 laser-MIG hybrid welding and laser-double MIG hybrid welding, 28 mm thick steel plates are welded with four passes. The welds produced are assessed by X-ray. No crack is found and there is only a small amount of pores. The experimental results show that the multipuss welding procedures proposed can realize the joining of thick section steels with high efficiency and good quality.展开更多
The resonant charge transfer process for Li＋-Li（2s） collision is investigated by the quantum-mechanical molecular orbital close-coupling（QMOCC） method and the two-center atomic-orbital close-coupling（AOCC） meth...The resonant charge transfer process for Li＋-Li（2s） collision is investigated by the quantum-mechanical molecular orbital close-coupling（QMOCC） method and the two-center atomic-orbital close-coupling（AOCC） method in an energy range of 1.0 e V/u-104e V/u. Accurate molecular structure data and charge transfer cross sections are given. Both the allelectron model（AEM） and one-electron model（OEM） are used in the QMOCC calculations, and the discrepancies between the two models are analyzed. The OEM calculation can also give a reliable prediction of the cross sections for energies below 1 ke V/u.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the influence of uterine diverticulum patients who have a history of cesarean section on IVF-ET process and pregnancy outcome. Methods Nine patients with uterine diverticulum after cesarean were ...Objective To evaluate the influence of uterine diverticulum patients who have a history of cesarean section on IVF-ET process and pregnancy outcome. Methods Nine patients with uterine diverticulum after cesarean were retrospectively analyzed, who have received IVF-ET treatment. Clinical pregnancy rate and embryo implantation rate were measured. Results There were 9 infertility patients in all, 7 cases with tubal factor, 2 with unexplained factor; 3 cases were associated with prolonged menstruation period, including 1 patient was misdiagnosed as dysfunctioned uterine bleeding. There were a total of 16 transplantation cycles, including14 fresh cycles and 2 thawing cycles. Each cycle had at least one high-quality embryo available for transfer. Five cases were difficult to transfer. Two were clinical pregnancie, the implantation rate was 5.13% （2/39）. Conclusion In this study, 14 fresh cycles all had high-quality embryo transfer, uterine diverticulum had no effect on the development of ovums and the formation of high- quality embryos. But forming uterine diverticulum after cesarean section may lead to secondary infertility or patients with prolonged menstruation period, it also may lead it difficult to transfer during the treatment of IVF-ET and affect embryo implantation. So the patients with a history of cesarean section shall receive ultrasonic examination or hysteroscopy routinely before IVF treatment. If necessary surgical treatment is required.展开更多
N^(3+)离子与基态He原子碰撞过程在天体物理、星际空间和实验室等离子体环境中具有重要研究意义.本文采用从头算的多参考单双激发组态相互作用方法精确计算了[NHe]^(3+)碰撞体系的分子结构参数,包括势能曲线和耦合矩阵元等.基于计算得...N^(3+)离子与基态He原子碰撞过程在天体物理、星际空间和实验室等离子体环境中具有重要研究意义.本文采用从头算的多参考单双激发组态相互作用方法精确计算了[NHe]^(3+)碰撞体系的分子结构参数,包括势能曲线和耦合矩阵元等.基于计算得到的结构参数,采用全量子分子轨道强耦合方法开展了低能N^(3+)离子与He原子碰撞电荷转移过程研究,获得了能量在3.16×10^(–3)e V—24 ke V(即2.25×10^(–4)e V/u—1.73 ke V/u)范围内的总单电荷、双电荷转移截面和态选择截面.在计算中考虑了电荷平动因子、高角动量态对碰撞过程的影响,发现高角动量态对电荷转移截面具有显著影响.与现有实验和理论结果相比,当前计算的单电荷和双电荷转移截面与实验测量值更为接近.相较于Liu等(2011 Phys.Rev.A 84042706)未考虑高角动量态的研究,当碰撞能量大于10 e V/u时,其总单电荷转移截面约高出当前计算值2—3倍,表明高角动量态对电荷转移过程具有显著影响.同时研究表明单电荷转移截面远大于双电荷转移截面,在碰撞电荷转移过程中占据主导地位.展开更多
文摘The paper presents a new analytical framework to discuss the effect of Chinese foreign investment policy on the international technology transfer absorbed by enterprises of different ownership.The US Trade Representative claims that the Chinese government’s requirements regarding joint ventures pressure US companies to transfer intellectual property to Chinese companies.However,we argue that:(1)Based on analysis of the technical fees of technology import contracts and the number of US patents transferred to enterprises registered in the Chinese mainland,China’s foreign investment policy does not pressure US companies to transfer unremunerated technology to Chinese companies.(2)The invention and utility model patents filed by Chinese joint-venture enterprises or Chinese partner companies do not show an abnormally rapid growth,which means China’s FDI policy does not force US companies to transfer intellectual property in exchange for China’s market.(3)After 2012,the US-China technology transfer absorbed by enterprises of different ownership showed a significantly positive effect in reducing China-US trade surplus.
文摘The impact of prior cesarean section（CS） on the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer（IVF-ET） was investigated. A retrospective analysis was performed on 144 patients with prior CS between January 2013 and December 2015. The pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes of patients who had previous CS delivery and received IVF-ET were analyzed. The control group comprised 166 patients who had only previous vaginal delivery（VD） and received IVF-ET during the same period. The results showed that the basal follicle stimulating hormone level, estradiol level on human chorionic gonadotropin（h CG） day, gonadotrophin dosage, duration of stimulation, retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate, high-quality embryo rate, multiple birth rate, abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate had no significant difference between the two groups（P〉0.05）. The pregnancy rate（40.28% vs. 54.22%） and implantation rate（24.01% vs. 34.67%） were significantly lower（P〈0.05）, and the ratio of embryo difficulty transfer（9/144 vs. 0/166） was significantly higher in CS group than in VD group. The risk of pernicious placenta previa and postpartum hemorrhage in twin deliveries was significantly increased in CS group as compared with that in VD group（P〈0.05）, and gestational age and neonatal birth weight were significantly reduced in twin deliveries as compared with singleton deliveries in both groups（P〈0.05）. It was suggested that the existence of CS scar may impact embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy outcome, and increase the difficulty of ET. We should limit the number of transfer embryos to avoid multiple pregnancies and strengthen gestational supervision in patients with cesarean scar.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10979007,11025417,11179041,and 11004014)the NSAF (Grant No. 10876043)
文摘The nonradiative charge-transfer cross sections for protons colliding with Rb（5s） atoms are calculated by using the quantum-mechanical molecularorbital close-coupling method in an energy range of 10-a keV-10 keV. The total and state-selective charge-transfer cross sections are in good agreement with the experimental data in the relatively low energy region. The importance of rotational coupling for chargetransfer process is stressed. Compared with the radiative charge-transfer process, nonradiative charge transfer is a dominant mechanism at energies above 15 eV. The resonance structures of state-selective charge-transfer cross sections arising from the competition among channels are analysed in detail. The radiative and nonradiative1 charge-transfer rate coefficients from low to high temperature are presented.
文摘On the basis of the analysis of field thermogeochemical data along abnormal zones of a thermal stream in the Bukhara-Khiva, oil-and-gas region of the Turan (Tegermen, Chagakul, Shimoly Alat, Beshtepa) was succeeded to obtain important data on a deep structure of sites. Data of gas-chemical and geothermal observations show about confinedness of abnormal concentration of methane to zones of the increased values of the temperature field the measured values of temperatures (Tegermen Square and others). On geoelectric section mines 2-D of inversion of the MT-field depth of 4000 m are lower, among very high-resistance the chemogenic and carbonate deposits of the Paleozoic is traced the subvertical carrying-out abnormal zone. This zone is identified as the channel of a deep heat and mass transfer with which hydrocarbon (HC) deposits are connected. It is shown that electro-investigation when using a geophysical complex can and has to become “advancing” at exploration by oil and gas.
基金Project supported by the Shahrood University of Technology (No. 17024),Iran
文摘An exact analytical solution is obtained for convective heat transfer in straight ducts with rectangular cross-sections for the first time.This solution is valid for both H1 and H2 boundary conditions,which are related to fully developed convective heat transfer under constant heat flux at the duct walls.The separation of variables method and various other mathematical techniques are used to find the closed form of the temperature distribution.The local and mean Nusselt numbers are also obtained as functions of the aspect ratio.A new physical constraint is presented to solve the Neumann problem in non-dimensional analysis for the H2 boundary conditions.This is one of the major innovations of the current study.The analytical results indicate a singularity occurs at a critical aspect ratio of 2.4912 when calculating the local and mean Nusselt numbers.
文摘By considering the relative velocity distribution function and multipole expansion interaction Hamiltonian, a three-state model for calculating the cross section of laser-induced quadrupole-quadrupole collisional energy transfer is presented. Calculated results in Xe-Kr system show that in the present system, the laser-induced collision process occurs for -4 ps, which is much shorter than the dipole-dipole laser-induced collisional energy transfer （LICET） process. The spectrum of laser-induced quadrupole quadrupole collisional energy transfer in Xe-Kr system has wider tunable range in an order of magnitude than the dipole-dipole LICET spectra. The peak cross section decreases and moves to the quasi-static wing with increasing temperature and the full width at half peak of the profile becomes larger as the system temperature increases.
文摘A four-state model considering the relative velocity distribution function for calculating the cross section of laserinduced collisional energy transfer in a Sr Li system is presented and profiles of laser-induced collision cross section are obtained. The resulting spectra obtained from different intermediate states are strongly asymmetrical in an opposite asymmetry. Both of the two intermediate states have contributions to the final state, and none of the intermediate states should be neglected. The peak of the laser-induced collisional energy transfer （LICET） profile shifts toward the red and the FWHM becomes narrower obviously with laser field intensity increasing. A cross section of 1.2 × 10^-12 cm2 at a laser field intensity of 2.17 ×107 V/m is obtained, which indicates that this collision process can be an effective way to transfer energy selectively from a storage state to a target state. The existence of saturation for cross section with the increase of the laser intensity shows that the high-intensity redistribution of transition probabilities is an important feature of this process, which is not accounted for in a two-state treatment.
文摘The ratios of transfer ionization （TI） to single-electron capture （SC） cross sections have been measured for the collisions of partially stripped C^q＋ ions （q = 1-4） with He. The collision velocity ranges from 0.7 to 4.4 vo （vo is the Bohr velocity）. The projectile-ion and recoil-ion coincidence technique is used to separate the processes of TI and SC. The ratios reach the maximum when the velocity is about 3.7 vo. This can be explained qualitatively based on the two-step mechanism. The experimental results are also compared with the results calculated using the classical trajectory Monte Carlo （CTMC） method. The CTMC results are in agreement with the experimental data basically. The discrepancies in higher velocity region are interpreted by the effective charge effect.
文摘Laser multipass welding techniques for thick section steels have been developed using a new type of UV combined narrow groove. The shape and sizes at the bottom of groove are determined by analyzing the plasma behavior using high speed photographic equipment. A stable autogenous CO2 laser welding process and greater penetration are generated at the root pass because of strong reduction of the plasma volume. According to the waveforms of welding current and arc voltage, and the interaction between the arc and the laser induced plasma, a suitable groove angle is obtained. Laser-double MIG hybrid welding process is studied and the optimum distances between the laser and two arcs are determined. By using autogenous CO2 laser welding, CO2 laser-MIG hybrid welding and laser-double MIG hybrid welding, 28 mm thick steel plates are welded with four passes. The welds produced are assessed by X-ray. No crack is found and there is only a small amount of pores. The experimental results show that the multipuss welding procedures proposed can realize the joining of thick section steels with high efficiency and good quality.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11179041,11474032,and 11474033)the NSAF(Grant No.U1330117)
文摘The resonant charge transfer process for Li＋-Li（2s） collision is investigated by the quantum-mechanical molecular orbital close-coupling（QMOCC） method and the two-center atomic-orbital close-coupling（AOCC） method in an energy range of 1.0 e V/u-104e V/u. Accurate molecular structure data and charge transfer cross sections are given. Both the allelectron model（AEM） and one-electron model（OEM） are used in the QMOCC calculations, and the discrepancies between the two models are analyzed. The OEM calculation can also give a reliable prediction of the cross sections for energies below 1 ke V/u.
文摘Objective To evaluate the influence of uterine diverticulum patients who have a history of cesarean section on IVF-ET process and pregnancy outcome. Methods Nine patients with uterine diverticulum after cesarean were retrospectively analyzed, who have received IVF-ET treatment. Clinical pregnancy rate and embryo implantation rate were measured. Results There were 9 infertility patients in all, 7 cases with tubal factor, 2 with unexplained factor; 3 cases were associated with prolonged menstruation period, including 1 patient was misdiagnosed as dysfunctioned uterine bleeding. There were a total of 16 transplantation cycles, including14 fresh cycles and 2 thawing cycles. Each cycle had at least one high-quality embryo available for transfer. Five cases were difficult to transfer. Two were clinical pregnancie, the implantation rate was 5.13% （2/39）. Conclusion In this study, 14 fresh cycles all had high-quality embryo transfer, uterine diverticulum had no effect on the development of ovums and the formation of high- quality embryos. But forming uterine diverticulum after cesarean section may lead to secondary infertility or patients with prolonged menstruation period, it also may lead it difficult to transfer during the treatment of IVF-ET and affect embryo implantation. So the patients with a history of cesarean section shall receive ultrasonic examination or hysteroscopy routinely before IVF treatment. If necessary surgical treatment is required.
文摘N^(3+)离子与基态He原子碰撞过程在天体物理、星际空间和实验室等离子体环境中具有重要研究意义.本文采用从头算的多参考单双激发组态相互作用方法精确计算了[NHe]^(3+)碰撞体系的分子结构参数,包括势能曲线和耦合矩阵元等.基于计算得到的结构参数,采用全量子分子轨道强耦合方法开展了低能N^(3+)离子与He原子碰撞电荷转移过程研究,获得了能量在3.16×10^(–3)e V—24 ke V(即2.25×10^(–4)e V/u—1.73 ke V/u)范围内的总单电荷、双电荷转移截面和态选择截面.在计算中考虑了电荷平动因子、高角动量态对碰撞过程的影响,发现高角动量态对电荷转移截面具有显著影响.与现有实验和理论结果相比,当前计算的单电荷和双电荷转移截面与实验测量值更为接近.相较于Liu等(2011 Phys.Rev.A 84042706)未考虑高角动量态的研究,当碰撞能量大于10 e V/u时,其总单电荷转移截面约高出当前计算值2—3倍,表明高角动量态对电荷转移过程具有显著影响.同时研究表明单电荷转移截面远大于双电荷转移截面,在碰撞电荷转移过程中占据主导地位.
