Importance:Patients with atopic dermatitis(AD)display compromised epidermal barrier and suffer from poor quality of life.We hypothesized that quality of life could reflect in the changes in the epidermal barrier funct...Importance:Patients with atopic dermatitis(AD)display compromised epidermal barrier and suffer from poor quality of life.We hypothesized that quality of life could reflect in the changes in the epidermal barrier function.Objective:To determine whether the epidermal barrier function correlates with the severity of pruritus and/or life quality in children with AD.Methods:A total of 120 children,aged 0-12 years,with moderate AD were enrolled.Children were topically treated with topical corticosteroids(TCS)and an emollient for 2 weeks.The Eczema Area and Severity Index(EASI),visual analogue scale(VAS)for pruritus severity,the Infant’s Dermatitis Quality of Life Index(IDQOL)and the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index(CDLQI)were evaluated.Transepidermal water loss(TEWL)rates,stratum corneum(SC)hydration,and skin surface pH were measured.Correlations of epidermal barrier function with pruritus,life quality,and EASI were determined.Results:Following 2-week treatments,significant improvements were observed in EASI,TEWL,SC hydration,the VAS of pruritus,as well as DQOL(P<0.001 for all).TEWL positively,while SC hydration negatively correlated with VAS pruritus,DQOL,and EASI(P<0.001).Interpretation:Both TEWL and SC hydration levels can serve as indicators of the severity of pruritus and quality of life in children with AD.展开更多
[Objectives] The research aimed to optimize extraction process of fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme( FSF) and study its moisturizing performance. [Methods]Extracting condition of FSF by cellulase hydrolysis-ultrasonic...[Objectives] The research aimed to optimize extraction process of fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme( FSF) and study its moisturizing performance. [Methods]Extracting condition of FSF by cellulase hydrolysis-ultrasonic assisted extraction method was optimized. The influences of solvent p H,enzyme dosage,extraction temperature,cellulose hydrolysis time,ultrasonication time,and the ratio of material to liquid on FSF were investigated by single factor and orthogonal experiments. [Results] The optimum extraction conditions were as followings:p H,4. 5; enzyme dosage,1%; extraction temperature,40℃; cellulose hydrolysis time,2 h; ultrasonic time,15 min; and the ratio of material to liquid,1∶ 10( g∶ m L). Under the optimal condition,the extraction yield of FSF was 8. 50%,RSD = 2. 74%. The short-time hygroscopicity( within 8 h) of crude extract of fucoidan from S. fusiforme( CEFSF) was better than glycerin,butanediol,and sodium alginate,and the moisture retention capacity of 1% CEFSF aqueous solution was better than 1% butanediol or 1% sodium alginate,and was equal to 5% glycerin under relative humidity of 43% and 81%. The determination results of skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss rate( TEWL)showed that: 5% CEFSF solution had good moisturizing effect. [Conclusions]The research could provide certain reference for deep development of S. fusiforme.展开更多
AIM: To describe the frequency and biophysical response of sensitive skin in Mexican subjects, using the lactic acid test.METHODS: The lactic acid stinging test was applied to 250 healthy volunteers, both sexes, 18 ye...AIM: To describe the frequency and biophysical response of sensitive skin in Mexican subjects, using the lactic acid test.METHODS: The lactic acid stinging test was applied to 250 healthy volunteers, both sexes, 18 years of age or older, without any active dermatoses on the test site. Volunteers were university students, workers of public institutions, and general population from San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Participants were not excluded based on socioeconomic status. Demographic data were obtained through a questionnaire. Skin phototype was obtained through colorimetry. Subjects were randomized to receive 10% lactic acid on one nasolabial fold and placebo on the other side. The presence and intensity of adverse sensations, such as itching, burning, or stinging, was evaluated through a 10-point VisualAnalogue Scale(VAS) prior to treatment and at 3, 5, 8 and 10 min after the intervention. Subjects with a VAS of 2 or higher were considered positive for the test. A VAS lower than 2 was considered a normal response to skin manipulation. Simultaneously, biophysical changes and barrier function were assessed by colorimetry, transepidermal water loss(TEWL), and capacitance. To decrease measurement variations by skin manipulation, the nasolabial fold was segmented in four areas of 1 cm2 for each time measurement. Descriptive analyses were made using central tendency measures. Analyses of data were performed using two-tailed c2 test, Fisher's test, t-test, logistic regression, or Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric values between groups. RESULTS: Of the included 246 subjects, 68% were women and the mean age was 32 years. The most frequent skin phototype was Ⅴ(ranges Ⅱ-Ⅴ). Thirty-six percent of the subjects identified themselves as having sensitive skin. Fifty-two percent of the subjects were positive to the lactic acid stinging test, with a mean VAS of 4.5 at 3 min. Subjects with the self-diagnosis of sensitive skin were more likely to be positive for the test(80% vs 36%, P < 0.001). Lighter skin phototypes(types Ⅱ and Ⅲ) showed a higher response to the test compared to darker skin tones(type Ⅴ; OR = 0.88, P < 0.001). There were no statistical differences in baseline biophysical measurements. At 3 min, TEWL was significantly higher in subjects positive to the test(27.5 vs 23.7, P < 0.05). At 5 min, TEWL and capacitance showed statistical differences(26.0 vs 22.4, P < 0.05, and 239 vs 179, P < 0.05, respectively). After 5 min, values tended to return to baseline levels in both groups.CONCLUSION: Sensitive skin is frequent in our population. Darker skin phototypes have a lower prevalence of this syndrome, probably due to inherent differences in skin barrier function.展开更多
Objective: This work compares the occlusive effect and the penetration enhancement ability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), through in vitro skin. Methods: SLN and NLC were p...Objective: This work compares the occlusive effect and the penetration enhancement ability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), through in vitro skin. Methods: SLN and NLC were prepared by high shear homogenization and characterized by size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology and physical stability. Occlusive effect was assessed by an in vitro test and by measuring TEWL using pig skin. Skin treated with the lipid carriers was visualized by SEM. A penetration test through skin, followed by tape stripping, was carried out using Nile red as a marker. Results: SLN (200 ± 6 nm) and NLC (192 ± 11 nm) were obtained. An occlusion factor of 36% - 39% was observed for both systems, while a reduction in TEWL of 34.3% ± 14.8% and 26.2% ± 6.5% was seen after treatment with SLN and NLC, respectively. SEM images showed a film formed by the lipid carriers, responsible for the occlusion observed. No differences were found between the occlusive effect produced by SLN and NLC in both tests. NLC allowed the penetration of a greater amount of Nile red than SLN: 4.7 ± 1.3 μg and 1.7 ± 0.4 μg, respectively. Conclusion: Both carriers form a film on the skin, providing an occlusive effect with no differences between these two systems. The penetration of a marker (Nile red) into the stratum corneum was quite higher for NLC than for SLN, suggesting an influence of the composition of these particles on their penetration enhancing ability.展开更多
In view of the increasing sensitivity of consumer skin in recent years, cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract was tested to evaluate its effectiveness in repairing sensitive skin. Through the experiment of xyle...In view of the increasing sensitivity of consumer skin in recent years, cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract was tested to evaluate its effectiveness in repairing sensitive skin. Through the experiment of xylene-induced ear swelling in mice, it was found that the inhibition rates of ear swelling in mice induced by xylene in three groups of cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract reached 60.40%, 73.36% and 74.01%, respectively, close to the positive drug group. Twenty-five sensitive skin volunteers were selected for human clinical trial, and the skin TEWL value, cuticle hydration degree and skin heme (ultra-high concentration) were tested. The results showed that using cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract for four weeks could effectively increase the hydration degree of cheek cuticle by 63.90% and reduce transepidermal waterloss (TEWL) by 21.51%. The skin heme (ultra-high concentration) decreased by 69.14% and the affected area decreased by 77.47%. The results show that the cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract can inhibit inflammation, repair skin barrier, improve damaged skin, and reduce redness and other sensitive skin symptoms.展开更多
Background: Corchorus olitorius leaf contains a significant amount of mucilaginous polysaccharide. It has been generally accepted that the polysaccharides derived from botanical extracts increase skin hydration. Since...Background: Corchorus olitorius leaf contains a significant amount of mucilaginous polysaccharide. It has been generally accepted that the polysaccharides derived from botanical extracts increase skin hydration. Since skin hydration improves skin barrier function, it is one of the most effective treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD). However, other components of botanical extracts other than polysaccharides may influence skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the hydration efficacy and skin barrier protection afforded to the skin after exposure to Corchorus olitorius extract without high-molecular-weight compounds (COEW), such as polysaccharides. Methods: NC/Nga mice possess disrupted skin barrier function, and were used as a model for AD. A stable base cream was supplemented with 0.2% COEW and applied to the dorsal skin of these mice. Skin hydration and TEWL were analyzed after a 14-d period of daily application. AD scores and plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations were also investigated. Results: Compared to control mice, mice treated with the COEW cream showed significantly increased skin hydration and reduced TEWL. Plasma IgE concentrations were not affected by the COEW cream, whereas an increase in AD score in NC/Nga mice was prevented because of the application of the COEW cream. Conclusions: COEW has the ability to maintain hydration of the skin, and to prevent the disruption of skin barrier function, which leads to the aggravation of AD. COEW may be used as an adjunct treatment for AD.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: Baby skin differs significantly from adult skin and requires special care. The Cussons Baby Sensicare Range (Sensicare) of products has been specifically formulated for baby skin and a range of standard cos...OBJECTIVE: Baby skin differs significantly from adult skin and requires special care. The Cussons Baby Sensicare Range (Sensicare) of products has been specifically formulated for baby skin and a range of standard cosmetic clinical tests were conducted in adult females with dry skin to evaluate the effectiveness of the range on skin moisturization and barrier function. METHODS: The studies were within subject, controlled, single blind studies. For the Sensicare Body Wash skin moisturization (Corneometer) was measured before application and after 7 and 14 days of twice daily use. For the Sensicare Moisturizing Lotion and Sensicare Soothing Cream skin moisturization was measured before application and at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours after a single application;skin elasticity (Cutometer) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL, Tewameter) were assessed before and after 14 days of twice daily use;and skin erythema (Mexameter) before induction with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), and at 30 mins, 24 and 48 hours after patch removal. Changes from baseline and changes versus control were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty to thirty-five subjects completed each study. Skin moisture content was significantly increased from baseline for all Cussons Baby Sensicare Products (p < 0.05 for Hair & Body Wash;and p < 0.001 for Cream & Lotion). Changes from baseline in skin elasticity were significantly superior to control (unperfumed liquid soap) after 14 days twice daily use of the Lotion, and Cream (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes from baseline or significant differences from control in TEWL for the Lotion, or Cream. The increases in the average skin erythema index were significantly smaller for the Lotion, and Cream 30 minutes following SLS patch removal (p < 0.05 v sterile water, p < 0.001 v no treatment for both products). All the Sensicare products were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: These studies support the use of the Cussons Baby Sensicare range of products for new born, sensitive and eczema prone skin.展开更多
To analyze and compare the cleaning power and moisturizing effect of different shower gels.Choose six types of shower gel,soap-based shower gel 1,soap-based shower gel 2,amino acid shower gel 1,amino acid shower gel 2...To analyze and compare the cleaning power and moisturizing effect of different shower gels.Choose six types of shower gel,soap-based shower gel 1,soap-based shower gel 2,amino acid shower gel 1,amino acid shower gel 2,cream shower gel 1,cream shower gel 2.Control clinical studies,using the left and right arms for comparison.Apply special grease on the selected area on the forearm’s flexion side,before and after applying the grease and after cleaning with shower gel,use Sebumeter SM815 for skin oil detection.Use shower gel on the other area on the forearm flexion side.Use Corneometer CM825 and Tewameter TM300 before and after cleaning.The moisture content of the stratum corneum and the amount of water loss through the epidermis were detected.Analyze the change rate of skin oil,stratum corneum moisture content,and transepidermal water loss,analyze and compare the cleansing and moisturizing effects of six shower gels of different systems.Results:After using the six shower gels to clean,the skin oil was significantly reduced while the moisture content of the stratum corneum and the amount of transepidermal water loss changed to different degrees.Layer moisture content and transepidermal water loss have varying degrees of influence.Conclusion:Amino acid shower gels and cream shower gels are stronger than soap-based shower gels in terms of moisturizing ability,and at the same time show similar effects to soap-based shower gels in terms of cleansing ability.展开更多
The epidermal permeability barrier,primarily located in the stratum corneum,is largely determined by keratinocyte function in the epidermis.Various internal and external factors can directly or indirectly influence ke...The epidermal permeability barrier,primarily located in the stratum corneum,is largely determined by keratinocyte function in the epidermis.Various internal and external factors can directly or indirectly influence keratinocyte function,leading to changes in epidermal permeability barrier function.Among internal factors,cytokines and immune cells can both positively and negatively regulate this barrier.Conversely,epidermal permeability barrier function also influences cytokine expression and immune cell activity.Studies show that increased interleukin(IL)-1α expression or topical application of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αaccelerates epidermal permeability barrier repair in acutely disrupted skin.Additionally,mast cells and Toll-like receptor 2 are essential for the formation of the epidermal permeability barrier.However,IL-4,IL-22,and histamine impair its function.Disruption of the epidermal permeability barrier further amplifies cytokine expression,T-cell maturation,and inflammatory cell infiltration in the skin.Thus,epidermal permeability barrier function and immune function co-regulate each other,with proper management of one benefiting the other.This review briefly summarizes the evidence for this co-regulation and its clinical significance.展开更多
Objective:Inadequate water intake can lead to various health issues,particularly dehydration in the elderly.The skin is essential in preventing dehydration,and water contributes significantly to its resilience,elastic...Objective:Inadequate water intake can lead to various health issues,particularly dehydration in the elderly.The skin is essential in preventing dehydration,and water contributes significantly to its resilience,elasticity,and durability.This study aimed to establish a definitive relationship between fluid intake and various biophysical properties of the stratum corneum in elderly individuals.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals aged 65 to 80 years at the Elderly Social Institution Tresna Budi Mulia 3 in Jakarta,Indonesia,from April 2023 to August 2023.Fluid intake was assessed over 7 days.And then,the overall hydration status was evaluated by urine specific gravity,and hydration status of the stratum corneum was evaluated by skin dryness through specified symptoms sum core,skin water loss based on transepidermal water loss,and the skin’s ability to retain moisture based on skin capacitance(SCap).Correlation analysis(Pearson and Spearman tests)was used to evaluate relationships between variables,and nonparametric tests(Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests)were used to assess differences.Results:The study involved 67 subjects with a median age of 70 years.Multiple regression analysis showed that fluid intake significantly predicted urine specific gravity(coefficient=−0.01,P=0.016),specified symptom sum score(coefficient=−9.15×10−5,P=0.001),and SCap(coefficient=0.005,P=0.022).In addition,a weak negative correlation was found between fluid intake and overall hydration status(P<0.001)and between fluid intake and specified symptom sum score(P<0.001).However,no significant correlation was observed between fluid intake and transepidermal water loss(P=0.613)or SCap(P=0.060).Conclusion:This study highlights the potential role of fluid intake in influencing hydration status among elderly individuals.Although fluid intake is significantly associated with certain biophysical properties of the skin,it does not show a consistent correlation with all measures of skin hydration and moisture retention.展开更多
Although a variety of regimens are available for the treatment of atopic dermatitis（AD）, severe adverse reactions and unpopular costs often limit their usage. In contrast, certain inexpensive, naturally-occurring in...Although a variety of regimens are available for the treatment of atopic dermatitis（AD）, severe adverse reactions and unpopular costs often limit their usage. In contrast, certain inexpensive, naturally-occurring ingredients are proven effective for AD with fewer side effects. The beneficial effects of these ingredients can be attributed to inhibition of cytokine and chemokine expression, IgE production, inflammatory cell infiltration, histamine release, and/or the enhancement of epidermal permeability barrier function. Since herbal medicines are widely available, inexpensive and generally safe, they could be valuable alternatives for the treatment of AD, particularly for those patients who are not suitable for the utilization of immune modulators. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic benefits of natural ingredients for the treatment of AD and the mechanisms of their actions.展开更多
基金Beijing Talents Fund(2017000021469G248)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81673042).
文摘Importance:Patients with atopic dermatitis(AD)display compromised epidermal barrier and suffer from poor quality of life.We hypothesized that quality of life could reflect in the changes in the epidermal barrier function.Objective:To determine whether the epidermal barrier function correlates with the severity of pruritus and/or life quality in children with AD.Methods:A total of 120 children,aged 0-12 years,with moderate AD were enrolled.Children were topically treated with topical corticosteroids(TCS)and an emollient for 2 weeks.The Eczema Area and Severity Index(EASI),visual analogue scale(VAS)for pruritus severity,the Infant’s Dermatitis Quality of Life Index(IDQOL)and the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index(CDLQI)were evaluated.Transepidermal water loss(TEWL)rates,stratum corneum(SC)hydration,and skin surface pH were measured.Correlations of epidermal barrier function with pruritus,life quality,and EASI were determined.Results:Following 2-week treatments,significant improvements were observed in EASI,TEWL,SC hydration,the VAS of pruritus,as well as DQOL(P<0.001 for all).TEWL positively,while SC hydration negatively correlated with VAS pruritus,DQOL,and EASI(P<0.001).Interpretation:Both TEWL and SC hydration levels can serve as indicators of the severity of pruritus and quality of life in children with AD.
文摘[Objectives] The research aimed to optimize extraction process of fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme( FSF) and study its moisturizing performance. [Methods]Extracting condition of FSF by cellulase hydrolysis-ultrasonic assisted extraction method was optimized. The influences of solvent p H,enzyme dosage,extraction temperature,cellulose hydrolysis time,ultrasonication time,and the ratio of material to liquid on FSF were investigated by single factor and orthogonal experiments. [Results] The optimum extraction conditions were as followings:p H,4. 5; enzyme dosage,1%; extraction temperature,40℃; cellulose hydrolysis time,2 h; ultrasonic time,15 min; and the ratio of material to liquid,1∶ 10( g∶ m L). Under the optimal condition,the extraction yield of FSF was 8. 50%,RSD = 2. 74%. The short-time hygroscopicity( within 8 h) of crude extract of fucoidan from S. fusiforme( CEFSF) was better than glycerin,butanediol,and sodium alginate,and the moisture retention capacity of 1% CEFSF aqueous solution was better than 1% butanediol or 1% sodium alginate,and was equal to 5% glycerin under relative humidity of 43% and 81%. The determination results of skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss rate( TEWL)showed that: 5% CEFSF solution had good moisturizing effect. [Conclusions]The research could provide certain reference for deep development of S. fusiforme.
文摘AIM: To describe the frequency and biophysical response of sensitive skin in Mexican subjects, using the lactic acid test.METHODS: The lactic acid stinging test was applied to 250 healthy volunteers, both sexes, 18 years of age or older, without any active dermatoses on the test site. Volunteers were university students, workers of public institutions, and general population from San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Participants were not excluded based on socioeconomic status. Demographic data were obtained through a questionnaire. Skin phototype was obtained through colorimetry. Subjects were randomized to receive 10% lactic acid on one nasolabial fold and placebo on the other side. The presence and intensity of adverse sensations, such as itching, burning, or stinging, was evaluated through a 10-point VisualAnalogue Scale(VAS) prior to treatment and at 3, 5, 8 and 10 min after the intervention. Subjects with a VAS of 2 or higher were considered positive for the test. A VAS lower than 2 was considered a normal response to skin manipulation. Simultaneously, biophysical changes and barrier function were assessed by colorimetry, transepidermal water loss(TEWL), and capacitance. To decrease measurement variations by skin manipulation, the nasolabial fold was segmented in four areas of 1 cm2 for each time measurement. Descriptive analyses were made using central tendency measures. Analyses of data were performed using two-tailed c2 test, Fisher's test, t-test, logistic regression, or Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric values between groups. RESULTS: Of the included 246 subjects, 68% were women and the mean age was 32 years. The most frequent skin phototype was Ⅴ(ranges Ⅱ-Ⅴ). Thirty-six percent of the subjects identified themselves as having sensitive skin. Fifty-two percent of the subjects were positive to the lactic acid stinging test, with a mean VAS of 4.5 at 3 min. Subjects with the self-diagnosis of sensitive skin were more likely to be positive for the test(80% vs 36%, P < 0.001). Lighter skin phototypes(types Ⅱ and Ⅲ) showed a higher response to the test compared to darker skin tones(type Ⅴ; OR = 0.88, P < 0.001). There were no statistical differences in baseline biophysical measurements. At 3 min, TEWL was significantly higher in subjects positive to the test(27.5 vs 23.7, P < 0.05). At 5 min, TEWL and capacitance showed statistical differences(26.0 vs 22.4, P < 0.05, and 239 vs 179, P < 0.05, respectively). After 5 min, values tended to return to baseline levels in both groups.CONCLUSION: Sensitive skin is frequent in our population. Darker skin phototypes have a lower prevalence of this syndrome, probably due to inherent differences in skin barrier function.
文摘Objective: This work compares the occlusive effect and the penetration enhancement ability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), through in vitro skin. Methods: SLN and NLC were prepared by high shear homogenization and characterized by size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology and physical stability. Occlusive effect was assessed by an in vitro test and by measuring TEWL using pig skin. Skin treated with the lipid carriers was visualized by SEM. A penetration test through skin, followed by tape stripping, was carried out using Nile red as a marker. Results: SLN (200 ± 6 nm) and NLC (192 ± 11 nm) were obtained. An occlusion factor of 36% - 39% was observed for both systems, while a reduction in TEWL of 34.3% ± 14.8% and 26.2% ± 6.5% was seen after treatment with SLN and NLC, respectively. SEM images showed a film formed by the lipid carriers, responsible for the occlusion observed. No differences were found between the occlusive effect produced by SLN and NLC in both tests. NLC allowed the penetration of a greater amount of Nile red than SLN: 4.7 ± 1.3 μg and 1.7 ± 0.4 μg, respectively. Conclusion: Both carriers form a film on the skin, providing an occlusive effect with no differences between these two systems. The penetration of a marker (Nile red) into the stratum corneum was quite higher for NLC than for SLN, suggesting an influence of the composition of these particles on their penetration enhancing ability.
文摘In view of the increasing sensitivity of consumer skin in recent years, cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract was tested to evaluate its effectiveness in repairing sensitive skin. Through the experiment of xylene-induced ear swelling in mice, it was found that the inhibition rates of ear swelling in mice induced by xylene in three groups of cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract reached 60.40%, 73.36% and 74.01%, respectively, close to the positive drug group. Twenty-five sensitive skin volunteers were selected for human clinical trial, and the skin TEWL value, cuticle hydration degree and skin heme (ultra-high concentration) were tested. The results showed that using cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract for four weeks could effectively increase the hydration degree of cheek cuticle by 63.90% and reduce transepidermal waterloss (TEWL) by 21.51%. The skin heme (ultra-high concentration) decreased by 69.14% and the affected area decreased by 77.47%. The results show that the cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract can inhibit inflammation, repair skin barrier, improve damaged skin, and reduce redness and other sensitive skin symptoms.
文摘Background: Corchorus olitorius leaf contains a significant amount of mucilaginous polysaccharide. It has been generally accepted that the polysaccharides derived from botanical extracts increase skin hydration. Since skin hydration improves skin barrier function, it is one of the most effective treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD). However, other components of botanical extracts other than polysaccharides may influence skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the hydration efficacy and skin barrier protection afforded to the skin after exposure to Corchorus olitorius extract without high-molecular-weight compounds (COEW), such as polysaccharides. Methods: NC/Nga mice possess disrupted skin barrier function, and were used as a model for AD. A stable base cream was supplemented with 0.2% COEW and applied to the dorsal skin of these mice. Skin hydration and TEWL were analyzed after a 14-d period of daily application. AD scores and plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations were also investigated. Results: Compared to control mice, mice treated with the COEW cream showed significantly increased skin hydration and reduced TEWL. Plasma IgE concentrations were not affected by the COEW cream, whereas an increase in AD score in NC/Nga mice was prevented because of the application of the COEW cream. Conclusions: COEW has the ability to maintain hydration of the skin, and to prevent the disruption of skin barrier function, which leads to the aggravation of AD. COEW may be used as an adjunct treatment for AD.
文摘OBJECTIVE: Baby skin differs significantly from adult skin and requires special care. The Cussons Baby Sensicare Range (Sensicare) of products has been specifically formulated for baby skin and a range of standard cosmetic clinical tests were conducted in adult females with dry skin to evaluate the effectiveness of the range on skin moisturization and barrier function. METHODS: The studies were within subject, controlled, single blind studies. For the Sensicare Body Wash skin moisturization (Corneometer) was measured before application and after 7 and 14 days of twice daily use. For the Sensicare Moisturizing Lotion and Sensicare Soothing Cream skin moisturization was measured before application and at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours after a single application;skin elasticity (Cutometer) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL, Tewameter) were assessed before and after 14 days of twice daily use;and skin erythema (Mexameter) before induction with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), and at 30 mins, 24 and 48 hours after patch removal. Changes from baseline and changes versus control were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty to thirty-five subjects completed each study. Skin moisture content was significantly increased from baseline for all Cussons Baby Sensicare Products (p < 0.05 for Hair & Body Wash;and p < 0.001 for Cream & Lotion). Changes from baseline in skin elasticity were significantly superior to control (unperfumed liquid soap) after 14 days twice daily use of the Lotion, and Cream (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes from baseline or significant differences from control in TEWL for the Lotion, or Cream. The increases in the average skin erythema index were significantly smaller for the Lotion, and Cream 30 minutes following SLS patch removal (p < 0.05 v sterile water, p < 0.001 v no treatment for both products). All the Sensicare products were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: These studies support the use of the Cussons Baby Sensicare range of products for new born, sensitive and eczema prone skin.
文摘To analyze and compare the cleaning power and moisturizing effect of different shower gels.Choose six types of shower gel,soap-based shower gel 1,soap-based shower gel 2,amino acid shower gel 1,amino acid shower gel 2,cream shower gel 1,cream shower gel 2.Control clinical studies,using the left and right arms for comparison.Apply special grease on the selected area on the forearm’s flexion side,before and after applying the grease and after cleaning with shower gel,use Sebumeter SM815 for skin oil detection.Use shower gel on the other area on the forearm flexion side.Use Corneometer CM825 and Tewameter TM300 before and after cleaning.The moisture content of the stratum corneum and the amount of water loss through the epidermis were detected.Analyze the change rate of skin oil,stratum corneum moisture content,and transepidermal water loss,analyze and compare the cleansing and moisturizing effects of six shower gels of different systems.Results:After using the six shower gels to clean,the skin oil was significantly reduced while the moisture content of the stratum corneum and the amount of transepidermal water loss changed to different degrees.Layer moisture content and transepidermal water loss have varying degrees of influence.Conclusion:Amino acid shower gels and cream shower gels are stronger than soap-based shower gels in terms of moisturizing ability,and at the same time show similar effects to soap-based shower gels in terms of cleansing ability.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.H2024206180).
文摘The epidermal permeability barrier,primarily located in the stratum corneum,is largely determined by keratinocyte function in the epidermis.Various internal and external factors can directly or indirectly influence keratinocyte function,leading to changes in epidermal permeability barrier function.Among internal factors,cytokines and immune cells can both positively and negatively regulate this barrier.Conversely,epidermal permeability barrier function also influences cytokine expression and immune cell activity.Studies show that increased interleukin(IL)-1α expression or topical application of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αaccelerates epidermal permeability barrier repair in acutely disrupted skin.Additionally,mast cells and Toll-like receptor 2 are essential for the formation of the epidermal permeability barrier.However,IL-4,IL-22,and histamine impair its function.Disruption of the epidermal permeability barrier further amplifies cytokine expression,T-cell maturation,and inflammatory cell infiltration in the skin.Thus,epidermal permeability barrier function and immune function co-regulate each other,with proper management of one benefiting the other.This review briefly summarizes the evidence for this co-regulation and its clinical significance.
基金supported by Universitas Indonesia under Grant Number NKB-209/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2022,as part of the Hibah Publikasi Terindeks Internasional Pascasarjana 2022.
文摘Objective:Inadequate water intake can lead to various health issues,particularly dehydration in the elderly.The skin is essential in preventing dehydration,and water contributes significantly to its resilience,elasticity,and durability.This study aimed to establish a definitive relationship between fluid intake and various biophysical properties of the stratum corneum in elderly individuals.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals aged 65 to 80 years at the Elderly Social Institution Tresna Budi Mulia 3 in Jakarta,Indonesia,from April 2023 to August 2023.Fluid intake was assessed over 7 days.And then,the overall hydration status was evaluated by urine specific gravity,and hydration status of the stratum corneum was evaluated by skin dryness through specified symptoms sum core,skin water loss based on transepidermal water loss,and the skin’s ability to retain moisture based on skin capacitance(SCap).Correlation analysis(Pearson and Spearman tests)was used to evaluate relationships between variables,and nonparametric tests(Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests)were used to assess differences.Results:The study involved 67 subjects with a median age of 70 years.Multiple regression analysis showed that fluid intake significantly predicted urine specific gravity(coefficient=−0.01,P=0.016),specified symptom sum score(coefficient=−9.15×10−5,P=0.001),and SCap(coefficient=0.005,P=0.022).In addition,a weak negative correlation was found between fluid intake and overall hydration status(P<0.001)and between fluid intake and specified symptom sum score(P<0.001).However,no significant correlation was observed between fluid intake and transepidermal water loss(P=0.613)or SCap(P=0.060).Conclusion:This study highlights the potential role of fluid intake in influencing hydration status among elderly individuals.Although fluid intake is significantly associated with certain biophysical properties of the skin,it does not show a consistent correlation with all measures of skin hydration and moisture retention.
基金Supported by(in part) National Institutes of Health Grant AR19089US National Eczema Associationthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81301360,No.81573075)
文摘Although a variety of regimens are available for the treatment of atopic dermatitis（AD）, severe adverse reactions and unpopular costs often limit their usage. In contrast, certain inexpensive, naturally-occurring ingredients are proven effective for AD with fewer side effects. The beneficial effects of these ingredients can be attributed to inhibition of cytokine and chemokine expression, IgE production, inflammatory cell infiltration, histamine release, and/or the enhancement of epidermal permeability barrier function. Since herbal medicines are widely available, inexpensive and generally safe, they could be valuable alternatives for the treatment of AD, particularly for those patients who are not suitable for the utilization of immune modulators. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic benefits of natural ingredients for the treatment of AD and the mechanisms of their actions.
