Objective The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors(TFs)are pivotal in regulating fungal growth,development,and secondary metabolism.However,the knowledge about the Ganoderma lucidum bHLHs(GlbHLHs)in ganod...Objective The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors(TFs)are pivotal in regulating fungal growth,development,and secondary metabolism.However,the knowledge about the Ganoderma lucidum bHLHs(GlbHLHs)in ganoderic acid(GA)biosynthesis of G.lucidum was limited.This study aimed to explore the functions of bHLH genes in ganoderic acid biosynthesis during G.lucidum growth development.Methods First,the genome-wide identification of GlbHLHs was performed through Hidden Markov model searches and Two-way blast.Furthermore,through physicochemical properties,gene structure,and phylogenetic analysis,as well as combining the transcriptome and metabolome data from different developmental stages of G.lucidum,candidate GlbHLHs were screened.Subsequently,their regulatory roles in ganoderic acid biosynthesis were explored using yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays.Results A total of 11 GlbHLH members were characterized in G.lucidum.The upstream promoter regions of these genes enriched hormones and abiotic stress responsive elements.Although individual ganoderic acid monomers demonstrated marked differences in accumulation patterns across specific growth phases and tissue types,overall,the total GA content was consistently higher in caps than in stipes throughout development.In addition,all GlbHLHs exhibited high expression in whole G.lucidum from the primordium to maturation stages.Among them,GlbHLH5 and GlbHLH7 showed the highest expression in any stage and highly correlated with key genes associated with GA pathway.Functional validation through dual-luciferase assays and yeast one-hybrid experiments had demonstrated that GlbHLH5 activated the P2 region of the lanosterol synthase promoter,while GlbHLH7 activated the promoters of squalene epoxidase and squalene synthase.Conclusion Compared to plants,G.lucidum harbored a small number of bHLH members but all high expression in any stages.Additionally,GlbHLH5 and GlbHLH7 with the highest expression among GlbHLHs showed activation in regulating the biosynthesis of GA.These results provide a theoretical reference for further research on ganoderic acid regulation in G.lucidum,and thereby providing a molecular foundation for enhancing ganoderic acid yield to optimize the medicinal value of G.lucidum.展开更多
Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an important fruit and vegetable crop in worldwide.The fertility of tomato reproductive organs can be dramatically decreased when ambient temperatures rise above 35°C,reducing tomat...Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an important fruit and vegetable crop in worldwide.The fertility of tomato reproductive organs can be dramatically decreased when ambient temperatures rise above 35°C,reducing tomato fruit yield.It is necessary to identify transcription factors(TFs)and target genes involved in heat stress response(HSR)signaling cascades in tomato flower buds to improve tomato plant thermotolerance.In this study,we profiled genes expressed in three developmental stages of tomato flower buds.Red and turquoise modules for heat stress(HS)were identified through gene co-expression network analysis,and the genes within these modules were enriched in HS-related pathways.By focusing on the TFs in the two modules,we identified several novel HSR-related TFs,including SlWRKY75,SlMYB117,and SlNAM.Furthermore,homology analysis illustrated a conserved signaling cascade in tomato.Lastly,we identified and experimentally validated four HSF-regulated genes,namely SlGrpE,SlERDJ3A,SlTIL,and SlPOM1,that likely modulate thermotolerance in plants.These results provide a high-resolution atlas of gene expression during tomato flower bud development under HS conditions,which is a valuable resource for uncovering potential regulatory networks associated with the HSR in tomato.展开更多
Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a common endocrine disorder that affects women’s health.This study aims to investigate gene and transcription factor(TF)expression differences between PCOS patients and hea...Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a common endocrine disorder that affects women’s health.This study aims to investigate gene and transcription factor(TF)expression differences between PCOS patients and healthy individuals using bioinformatics approaches,and to verify the function of key transcription factors,with the goal of providing new insights into the pathogenesis of PCOS.Methods:Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and differentially expressed transcription factors(DETFs)between PCOS patients and controls were identified from the RNA sequencing dataset GSE168404 using bioinformatics methods.Functional enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)databases.The expression and function of core transcription factors were further validated in ovarian tissues of PCOS model mice and control mice using Western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RTqPCR).Results:A total of 332 DEGs were identified between PCOS patients and controls,including 259 upregulated and 73 downregulated genes in the PCOS group.19 DETFs were further screened,of which 16 were upregulated and 3 were downregulated in PCOS.The upregulated DETFs(including TFCP2L1,DACH1,ESR2,AFF3,SMAD9,ZNF331,HOPX,ATOH8,HIF3α,DPF3,HOXC4,HES1,ID1,JDP2,SOX4,and ID3)were primarily associated with lipid metabolism,development,and cell adhesion.Protein and mRNA expression analysis in PCOS model mice revealed significantly decreased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)1αand HIF2α,and significantly increased expression of HIF3αcompared to control mice(all P<0.001).Conclusion:Significant differences in gene and TF expression exist between PCOS patients and healthy individuals.HIF-3αmay play a crucial role in PCOS and could serve as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target.展开更多
Abiotic stresses,such as drought,heavy metals,salinity,and extreme temperatures,are among the most common adverse threats that restrict the use of land for agriculture and limit crop growth and productivity.As sessile...Abiotic stresses,such as drought,heavy metals,salinity,and extreme temperatures,are among the most common adverse threats that restrict the use of land for agriculture and limit crop growth and productivity.As sessile organisms,plants defend themselves from abiotic stresses by developing various tolerance mechanisms.These mechanisms are governed by several biochemical traits.The biochemical mechanisms are the products of key genes that express under specific conditions.Interestingly,the expression of these genes is regulated by specialized proteins known as transcription factors(TFs).Several TFs,including those from the bZIP,bHLH,MYB,HSF,WRKY,DREB,and DOF families,play critical roles in regulating plant growth,development,and responses to environmental changes.By binding to specific DNA sequences,TFs can act as molecular switches to repress or activate the transcription of targeted genes.Moreover,some TF genes have been engineered to strengthencrop resilience to multiple abiotic stresses.Identifying and manipulating TFs is an interesting research area that could aid in improving crop abiotic stress tolerance.This review describs the harmful effects of salinity,drought,temperature and heavy metals on plant growth and development.We also provide an updated discussion on how TFs regulate and activate the plant tolerance under different abiotic constraints.Our aim is to extend understanding of how abiotic stresses affect the physiological characteristics of plants and how TFs alleviate these deleterious effects on plant growth and productivity.展开更多
Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process tightly regulated by hormonal crosstalk,transcriptional networks,and epigenetic modifications,with striking divergence between climacteric and non-climacteric species....Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process tightly regulated by hormonal crosstalk,transcriptional networks,and epigenetic modifications,with striking divergence between climacteric and non-climacteric species.In climacteric fruits,such as tomatoes,apples,and bananas,ethylene acts as the master regulator,driving autocatalytic biosynthesis through ACS/ACO genes and activating hierarchical transcriptional cascades mediated by MADS-box(RIN),NAC(NOR),and ERF-family transcription factors.These pathways are amplified by epigenetic reprogramming,including DNA demethylation at ripening-related promoters and histone acetylation,which enhance chromatin accessibility to facilitate gene expression.Conversely,non-climacteric fruits like strawberries and grapes predominantly rely on abscisic acid(ABA)to coordinate ripening.Hormonal interplay,such as ethylene-ABA synergy in climacteric fruit systems,further fine-tunes ripening dynamics.Advances in CRISPR-based gene editing and epigenome engineering now enable precise manipulation of these pathways,offering transformative solutions to reduce postharvest losses,enhance nutritional quality,and improve climate resilience.This review integrates mechanistic insights across species,emphasizing opportunities to translate fundamental discoveries into sustainable agricultural innovations,from breeding nutrient-rich cultivars to optimizing postharvest technologies for global food security.展开更多
Background:E26 transformation-specific(ETS)family transcription factors have confirmed roles in several types of cancers.This study aimed to clarify the role of ETS family transcription factor alterations in gastric c...Background:E26 transformation-specific(ETS)family transcription factors have confirmed roles in several types of cancers.This study aimed to clarify the role of ETS family transcription factor alterations in gastric cancers.Methods:This study examines molecular alterations of ETS transcription factors in gastric adenocarcinomas based on an analysis of publicly available cohorts from the Protein Atlas and the Cancer Genome Atlas.The expression and relationships of members of the ETS transcription factor family with other important factors in the process of gastric carcinogenesis were evaluated using the same resources.Results:mRNA expression levels of ETS family members in gastric carcinoma tissues were variable,with ELF3,ETS2,EHF,ERF,and ELF1 being the family members with the highest expression.Mutations in individual transcription factors of the ETS family were rare in gastric cancers.The family member ELF3 was well expressed in the mRNA level in a subset of gastric cancers(n=91),and its expression correlated with the expression of other transcription factors involved in gastric cancer pathogenesis,including HNF4A,HNF1A,CDX2,GATA4,GATA6,and EHF.Cancers with high co-expression of ELF3 and HNF4A were frequently chromosomally instability(CIN),intestinal-type adenocarcinomas,and harbored TP53 mutations and WWOX deletions.Conclusion:Expression of E74 like ETS transcription factor 3(ELF3),an ETS transcription family member,correlates with expression of other key factors in gastric cancer and confers specific characteristics that may become exploited in targeted therapeutic interventions.展开更多
Extensive transcriptomic reprogramming is triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses in plants,with coordinated regulation mediated through multiple transcription factor families,such as WRKY,MYB,NAC,and BBX proteins.Am...Extensive transcriptomic reprogramming is triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses in plants,with coordinated regulation mediated through multiple transcription factor families,such as WRKY,MYB,NAC,and BBX proteins.Among these,B-box(BBX)proteins represent a distinct class of zinc finger transcription factors characterized by the presence of conserved B-box domains.They serve as central regulators in plant photomorphogenesis and developmental processes.Accumulating genetic and biochemical evidence demonstrates that BBX family members orchestrate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses through multifaceted molecular mechanisms,including the regulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis,enhancement of anthocyanin biosynthesis,and modulation of hormonal signaling pathways.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the identification of BBX family genes in different plant species.Furthermore,their emerging roles in mediating plant stress responses are elucidated,with molecularmechanisms being comprehensively analyzed at both transcriptional and post-translational levels.However,to fully harness the potential of BBX genes in crop improvement,a deeper understanding of their functional mechanisms including BBX-mediated hormonal crosstalk networks,growth-defense trade-offs,and more extensive field performance data remains essential.These insights provide a theoretical foundation for developing climate-resilient crop varieties through targeted genetic improvement strategies.展开更多
Alcoholic liver disease(ALD),which includes a range of diseases,ranging from alcoholic steatosis,hepatitis,and fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma,is a process of epigenetic remodeling involving multiple genes a...Alcoholic liver disease(ALD),which includes a range of diseases,ranging from alcoholic steatosis,hepatitis,and fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma,is a process of epigenetic remodeling involving multiple genes and metabolic pathways.ALD is involved in various transcriptional regulatory mechanisms,including lipid metabolism disorders,inflammatory responses,autophagy,fibrogenesis,oxidative stress,fatty acid metabolism,iron metabolism,and endoplasmic reticulum stress.In the occurrence of ALD and its response to the microenvironment,various transcription factors(TFs)play important roles.Targeted therapy involving these TFs may pave a novel avenue for the treatment of ALD.Here,we summarize the molecular characteristics of TFs and their involvement in the biological and pathological processes of ALD.We further discuss the current pharmaceutical treatments targeting these TFs and their mediators.This study provides detailed and accurate regulation maps of TFs for the targeted therapy of ALD.展开更多
Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors(TFs)are evolutionarily conserved regulatory proteins that are crucial for plantgrowth,development,secondarymetabolism,andstress adaptation.Recent studieshavehighlighted their c...Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors(TFs)are evolutionarily conserved regulatory proteins that are crucial for plantgrowth,development,secondarymetabolism,andstress adaptation.Recent studieshavehighlighted their crucial role in coordinating growth–defense trade-offs through transcriptional regulation of key biosynthetic and stress-response genes.Despite extensive functional characterization in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana,systematically evaluating the broader functional landscape of MYB TFs across diverse species and contexts remains necessary.This systematic review integrates results from 24 peer-reviewed studies sourced from Scopus and Web of Science,focusing on the functional diversity of MYB TFs,particularly in relation to abiotic stress tolerance,metabolic regulation,and plant developmental processes.Advances in genomic technologies,such as transcriptomics,genome editing,and comparative phylogenetics,have considerably enhanced our understanding of MYB-mediated regulatory mechanisms.These tools have facilitated the identification and functional characterization of MYB genes across model and non-model plant species.Key findings underscore the multifaceted roles of MYB TFs in enhancing stress resilience,modulating anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis,and contributing to yield-related traits,thereby highlighting their potential applications in crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.However,critical gaps exist in understanding MYB interactions within complex regulatory networks,particularly in underrepresented plant species and ecological contexts.This review consolidates current knowledge as well as identifies research gaps and proposes future directions to advance the understanding and application of MYB TFs.The insights derived from this study underscore their transformative potential in addressing global challenges including food security and climate resilience through innovative agricultural practices.展开更多
Background:The regulatory mechanisms governing vasculogenic mimicry(VM)in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)remain largely undefined.This study aimed to identify critical factors and elucidate the epigenetic mechanism...Background:The regulatory mechanisms governing vasculogenic mimicry(VM)in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)remain largely undefined.This study aimed to identify critical factors and elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms underlying VM in OSCC.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis was performed utilizing single-cell RNA-seq,bulk RNA-seq,and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation(H3K27ac)Chromatin Immunoprecipitation(ChIP)-seq data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases.ChIP-qPCR was used to validate the binding of ETS transcription factor ELK4(ELK4)to the dihydrofolate reductase(DHFR)enhancer.In vitro VM formation and invasion of OSCC cells were assessed using Matrigel-based tube formation and Transwell assays,respectively.Results:Elevated expression of VM-related genes predicts unfavorable prognosis in OSCC patients.High-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis(hdWGCNA)identified epithelial subcluster C4 as most strongly associated with VM and metastasis.Three co-expression modules within this subcluster exhibited significant positive correlations with both phenotypic traits.Among the 30 eigengenes from the three modules,DHFR emerged as a key regulator of VM and metastasis.Knockdown or inhibition of DHFR significantly suppressed VM formation and invasion in OSCC cells.Mechanistically,ELK4 activated DHFR transcription through direct binding to its enhancer.DHFR overexpression rescued VM and invasion impairment induced by ELK4 knockdown.Conclusion:DHFR was a pivotal enhancer-regulated gene driving VM and metastasis in OSCC.ELK4 directly binds to DHFR enhancer regions to activate its transcription,thereby promoting these malignant phenotypes.These findings identified the ELK4/DHFR axis as a promising therapeutic target for anti-angiogenic intervention in OSCC.展开更多
Objective:Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1(Lrg1)could regulate diverse cells in cerebral ischemiareperfusion.Our study seeks to uncover Lrg1’s impact on endothelial cell heterogeneity via differentiation pathways ...Objective:Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1(Lrg1)could regulate diverse cells in cerebral ischemiareperfusion.Our study seeks to uncover Lrg1’s impact on endothelial cell heterogeneity via differentiation pathways and transcription factors.Method:The CSOmap model measured cell-to-brain-center distances using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data in middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion(MCAO/R).Monocle2 mapped endothelial differentiation paths.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)analyzed endothelial subcluster variations.Database searches revealed a zinc finger MIZ-type containing 1 protein-frizzled 3(Zmiz1-Fzd3)promoter interaction.Endothelial cells were transfected with a Fzd3 promoter-luciferase plasmid.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and western blotting assessed MCAO/R or Zmiz1 overexpression effects on Fzd3-related mRNA and proteins.A retroviral vector carrying Zmiz1 was injected into the brains of mice to study its effect on Fzd3.Result:Lrg1−/−mice exhibited elevated cell adhesion proteins and decreased microvascular leakage after MCAO/R.CSOmap showed widened astrocyte spacing in thesemice.RSS revealed Zmiz1 overexpression inMCAO/R+Lrg1−/−mice.MCAO/R and pcDNA3-Zmiz1 transfection both enhanced luciferase activity with Fzd3,indicating Zmiz1 binding to Fzd3.Retroviral Zmiz1 injection or knockdown disrupted ischemic brain tight junctions,highlighting Zmiz1’s key role in blood-brain barrier protection,likely through Fzd3 pathway modulation.Conclusion:The findings indicate Lrg1 knockout induces endothelial differentiation by activating Zmiz1,which is crucial for maintaining blood-brain barrier function,possibly via modulating the Fzd3 pathway.展开更多
In this article, the biosynthetic pathways of storage oil accumulation in oilseed plants were briefly introduced, and the transcription factors, such as B3 do- main supeffamily genes, lecl gene, wril gene etc., and th...In this article, the biosynthetic pathways of storage oil accumulation in oilseed plants were briefly introduced, and the transcription factors, such as B3 do- main supeffamily genes, lecl gene, wril gene etc., and their important role in oil accumulation regulation was mainly elucidated. Overexpession of transcription factors as feasible ways of genetic manipulation to increase oJl content in oilseed crops are promising in a long-term perspective.展开更多
Jasmonic acid （JA） is an important phytohormone that regulates plant defense responses against herbivore attack, pathogen infection and mechanical wounding. In this report, we provided biochemical and genetic eviden...Jasmonic acid （JA） is an important phytohormone that regulates plant defense responses against herbivore attack, pathogen infection and mechanical wounding. In this report, we provided biochemical and genetic evidence to show that the Arabidopsis thaliana NAC family proteins ANAC019 and ANAC055 might function as transcription activators to regulate JA-induced expression of defense genes. The role of the two NAC genes in JA signaling was examined with the anacO19 anac055 double mutant and with transgenic plants overexpressing ANACO19 or ANAC055. The anacO19 anac055 double mutant plants showed attenuated JA-induced VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN1 （VSP1） and LIPOXYGENASE2 （LOX2） expression, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing the two NAC genes showed enhanced JA-induced VSP1 and LOX2 expression. That the JA-induced expression of the two NAC genes depends on the function of COIl and AtMYC2, together with the finding that overexpression of ANACO19 partially rescued the JA-related phenotype of the atmyc2-2 mutant, has led us to a hypothesis that the two NAC proteins act downstream of AtMYC2 to regulate JA-signaled defense responses. Further evidence to substantiate this idea comes from the observation that the response of the anacO19 anac055 double mutant to a necrotrophic fungus showed high similarity to that of the atmyc2-2 mutant.展开更多
Mammalian tooth development is largely dependent on sequential and reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.These processes involve a series of inductive and permissive interactions that result in the determinat...Mammalian tooth development is largely dependent on sequential and reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.These processes involve a series of inductive and permissive interactions that result in the determination,differentiation,and organization of odontogenic tissues.Multiple signaling molecules,including BMPs,FGFs,Shh,and Wnt proteins,have been implicated in mediating these tissue interactions.Transcription factors participate in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions via linking the signaling loops between tissue layers by responding to inductive signals and regulating the expression of other signaling molecules.Adult stem cells are highly plastic and multipotent.These cells including dental pulp stem cells and bone marrow stromal cells could be reprogrammed into odontogenic fate and participated in tooth formation.Recent progress in the studies of molecular basis of tooth development,adult stem cell biology,and regene-ration will provide fundamental knowledge for the realization of human tooth regeneration in the near future.展开更多
Since the first MADS-box transcription factor genes were implicated in the establishment of floral organ identity in a couple of model plants, the size and scope of this gene family has begun to be appreciated in a mu...Since the first MADS-box transcription factor genes were implicated in the establishment of floral organ identity in a couple of model plants, the size and scope of this gene family has begun to be appreciated in a much wider range of species. Over the course of millions of years the number of MADS-box genes in plants has increased to the point that the Arabidopsis genome contains more than 100. The understanding gained from studying the evolution, regulation and function of multiple MADS-box genes in an increasing set of species, makes this large plant transcription factor gene family an ideal subject to study the processes that lead to an increase in gene number and the selective birth, death and repurposing of its component members. Here we will use examples taken from the MADS-box gene family to review what is known about the factors that influence the loss and retention of genes duplicated in different ways and examine the varied fates of the retained genes and their associated biological outcomes.展开更多
Molecular mechanisms of the Kruppel-like family of transcription factors （KLFs） have been studied more in proliferating cells than in post-mitotic cells such as neurons. We recently found that KLFs regulate intrinsi...Molecular mechanisms of the Kruppel-like family of transcription factors （KLFs） have been studied more in proliferating cells than in post-mitotic cells such as neurons. We recently found that KLFs regulate intrinsic axon growth ability in central nervous system （CNS） neurons in- cluding retinal ganglion cells, and hippocampal and cortical neurons. With at least 15 of 17 KLF family members expressed in neurons and at least 5 structurally unique subfamilies, it is import- ant to determine how this complex family functions in neurons to regulate the intricate genetic programs of axon growth and regeneration. By characterizing the molecular mechanisms of the KLF family in the nervous system, including binding partners and gene targets, and comparing them to defined mechanisms defined outside the nervous system, we may better understand how KLFs regulate neurite growth and axon regeneration.展开更多
The highbush blueberry（Vaccinium corymbosum）,Duke,was used to construct a de novo transcriptome sequence library and to perform data statistical analysis.Mega 4,CLC Sequence Viewer 6 software,and quantitative PCR we...The highbush blueberry（Vaccinium corymbosum）,Duke,was used to construct a de novo transcriptome sequence library and to perform data statistical analysis.Mega 4,CLC Sequence Viewer 6 software,and quantitative PCR were employed for bioinformatics and expression analyses of the basic helix-loop-helix（BHLH）transcription factors of the sequencing library.The results showed that 28.38 gigabytes of valid data were obtained from transcriptome sequencing and were assembled into 108 033 unigenes.Functional annotation showed that 32 244 unigenes were annotated into Clusters of Orthologous Groups（COG）and Gene Ontology（GO）databases,whereas the rest of the 75 789 unigenes had no matching information.By using COG and GO classification tools,sequences with annotation information were divided into 25 and 52 categories,respectively,which involved transport and metabolism,transcriptional regulation,and signal transduction.Analysis of the transcriptome library identified a total of 59 BHLH genes.Sequence analysis revealed that 55 genes of that contained a complete BHLH domain.Furthermore,phylogenetic analysis showed that BHLH genes of blueberry（Duke）could be divided into 13 sub-groups.PCR results showed that 45 genes were expressed at various developmental stages of buds,stems,leaves,flowers,and fruits,suggesting that the function of BHLH was associated with the development of different tissues and organs of blueberry,Duke.The present study would provided a foundation for further investigations on the classification and functions of the blueberry BHLH family.展开更多
Camptotheca acuminata produces camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene indole alkaloid(MIA)that is widely used in the treatment of lung,colorectal,cervical,and ovarian cancers.Its biosynthesis pathway has attracted significan...Camptotheca acuminata produces camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene indole alkaloid(MIA)that is widely used in the treatment of lung,colorectal,cervical,and ovarian cancers.Its biosynthesis pathway has attracted significant attention,but the regulation of CPT biosynthesis by the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor(AP2/ERF)transcription factors(TFs)remains unclear.In this study,a systematic analysis of the AP2/ERF TFs family in C.acuminata was performed,including phylogeny,gene structure,conserved motifs,and gene expression profiles in different tissues and organs(immature bark,cotyledons,young flower,immature fruit,mature fruit,mature leaf,roots,upper stem,and lower stem)of C.acuminata.A total of 198 AP2/ERF genes were identified and divided into five relatively conserved subfamilies,including AP2(26 genes),DREB(61 genes),ERF(92 genes),RAV(18 genes),and Soloist(one gene).The combination of gene expression patterns in different C.acuminata tissues and organs,the phylogenetic tree,the co-expression analysis with biosynthetic genes,and the analysis of promoter sequences of key enzymes genes involved in CPT biosynthesis pathways revealed that eight AP2/ERF TFs in C.acuminata might be involved in CPT synthesis regulation,which exhibit relatively high expression levels in the upper stem or immature bark.Among these,four genes(Cac AP2/ERF123,Cac AP2/ERF125,Cac AP2/ERF126,and Cac AP2/ERF127)belong to the ERF–B2 subgroup;two genes(Cac AP2/ERF149 and Cac AP2/ERF152)belong to the ERF–B3 subgroup;and two more genes(Cac AP2/ERF095 and Cac AP2/ERF096)belong to the DREB–A6 subgroup.These results provide a foundation for future functional characterization of the AP2/ERF genes to enhance the biosynthesis of CPT compounds of C.acuminata.展开更多
Osmanthus fragrans is one of the top ten traditional flowers in China.It is divided into three different groups according to its color.α-Carotene and β-carotene are the main determinants to distinguish the color dif...Osmanthus fragrans is one of the top ten traditional flowers in China.It is divided into three different groups according to its color.α-Carotene and β-carotene are the main determinants to distinguish the color differences between three groups.However,the dominant genes and transcription factors involved in carotenoid metabolism remain unclear.CPTA treatment(0.7mmol·L−1)remarkably promoted lycopene,α-carotene and β-carotene contents in flowers.Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that CPTA treatment could trigger chain reactions in carotenoid metabolism pathway genes.Four up-regulated and 10 down-regulated transcription factors which have close association with carotenoid variation were significantly induced by CPTA treatment.The up-regulated TFs such as MYB43,MYB123,HSF,were further subjected to transcript expression determination in different cultivars with drastic colors.Among them,transcript expression of four up-regulated TFs coincided with the carotenoid accumulation in different cultivars.We selected up-regulated OfMYB43 to verify its function,which is related to stress tolerance and transcriptional regulation.Transient overexpression of OfMYB43 in O.fragrans flowers showed that it could remarkably promote the expression of PDS,ZISO,LCYE and CCD4,leading to increased accumulation of β-branch carotenoids.OfMYB43 was a potential positive regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis in O.fragrans flowers.This study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of carotenoid metabolism in O.fragrans.展开更多
Transcription factors(TFs)orchestrate the regulation of cellular gene expression and thereby determine cell functionality.In this study,we analyzed the distribution of TFs containing domains,which named as ZnFTFs,both...Transcription factors(TFs)orchestrate the regulation of cellular gene expression and thereby determine cell functionality.In this study,we analyzed the distribution of TFs containing domains,which named as ZnFTFs,both in ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi.We found that ZnFTFs were widely distributed in these fungal species,but there was more expansion of the ZnFTF class in Ascomycota than Basidiomycota.We identified 40 ZnFTFs in Ustilaginoidea virens,and demonstrated the involvement of UvZnFTF1 in vegetative growth,conidiation,pigment biosynthesis and pathogenicity.RNA-Seq analysis suggested that UvZnFTF1 may regulate different nutrient metabolism pathways,the production of secondary metabolites,and the expression of pathogen-host interaction genes and secreted protein-encodi ng genes.Analysis of the distributi on of differe nt fungal TFs in U.virens further dem on strated that UvZnFTFs make up a large TF family and may play essential biological roles in U.virens.展开更多
基金funding from the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.CI2021A04008)National Key Research and Development Project(No.2023YFC3504104)+2 种基金Hangzhou Joint Fund of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LHZSZ24H280003)Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding(No.2021C02073)Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(No.2024ZY01009).
文摘Objective The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors(TFs)are pivotal in regulating fungal growth,development,and secondary metabolism.However,the knowledge about the Ganoderma lucidum bHLHs(GlbHLHs)in ganoderic acid(GA)biosynthesis of G.lucidum was limited.This study aimed to explore the functions of bHLH genes in ganoderic acid biosynthesis during G.lucidum growth development.Methods First,the genome-wide identification of GlbHLHs was performed through Hidden Markov model searches and Two-way blast.Furthermore,through physicochemical properties,gene structure,and phylogenetic analysis,as well as combining the transcriptome and metabolome data from different developmental stages of G.lucidum,candidate GlbHLHs were screened.Subsequently,their regulatory roles in ganoderic acid biosynthesis were explored using yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays.Results A total of 11 GlbHLH members were characterized in G.lucidum.The upstream promoter regions of these genes enriched hormones and abiotic stress responsive elements.Although individual ganoderic acid monomers demonstrated marked differences in accumulation patterns across specific growth phases and tissue types,overall,the total GA content was consistently higher in caps than in stipes throughout development.In addition,all GlbHLHs exhibited high expression in whole G.lucidum from the primordium to maturation stages.Among them,GlbHLH5 and GlbHLH7 showed the highest expression in any stage and highly correlated with key genes associated with GA pathway.Functional validation through dual-luciferase assays and yeast one-hybrid experiments had demonstrated that GlbHLH5 activated the P2 region of the lanosterol synthase promoter,while GlbHLH7 activated the promoters of squalene epoxidase and squalene synthase.Conclusion Compared to plants,G.lucidum harbored a small number of bHLH members but all high expression in any stages.Additionally,GlbHLH5 and GlbHLH7 with the highest expression among GlbHLHs showed activation in regulating the biosynthesis of GA.These results provide a theoretical reference for further research on ganoderic acid regulation in G.lucidum,and thereby providing a molecular foundation for enhancing ganoderic acid yield to optimize the medicinal value of G.lucidum.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072571)the 111 Project(Grant No.B17043)the Construction of Beijing Science,and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(Grant No.CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000032)。
文摘Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an important fruit and vegetable crop in worldwide.The fertility of tomato reproductive organs can be dramatically decreased when ambient temperatures rise above 35°C,reducing tomato fruit yield.It is necessary to identify transcription factors(TFs)and target genes involved in heat stress response(HSR)signaling cascades in tomato flower buds to improve tomato plant thermotolerance.In this study,we profiled genes expressed in three developmental stages of tomato flower buds.Red and turquoise modules for heat stress(HS)were identified through gene co-expression network analysis,and the genes within these modules were enriched in HS-related pathways.By focusing on the TFs in the two modules,we identified several novel HSR-related TFs,including SlWRKY75,SlMYB117,and SlNAM.Furthermore,homology analysis illustrated a conserved signaling cascade in tomato.Lastly,we identified and experimentally validated four HSF-regulated genes,namely SlGrpE,SlERDJ3A,SlTIL,and SlPOM1,that likely modulate thermotolerance in plants.These results provide a high-resolution atlas of gene expression during tomato flower bud development under HS conditions,which is a valuable resource for uncovering potential regulatory networks associated with the HSR in tomato.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2022JJ30886).
文摘Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a common endocrine disorder that affects women’s health.This study aims to investigate gene and transcription factor(TF)expression differences between PCOS patients and healthy individuals using bioinformatics approaches,and to verify the function of key transcription factors,with the goal of providing new insights into the pathogenesis of PCOS.Methods:Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and differentially expressed transcription factors(DETFs)between PCOS patients and controls were identified from the RNA sequencing dataset GSE168404 using bioinformatics methods.Functional enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)databases.The expression and function of core transcription factors were further validated in ovarian tissues of PCOS model mice and control mice using Western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RTqPCR).Results:A total of 332 DEGs were identified between PCOS patients and controls,including 259 upregulated and 73 downregulated genes in the PCOS group.19 DETFs were further screened,of which 16 were upregulated and 3 were downregulated in PCOS.The upregulated DETFs(including TFCP2L1,DACH1,ESR2,AFF3,SMAD9,ZNF331,HOPX,ATOH8,HIF3α,DPF3,HOXC4,HES1,ID1,JDP2,SOX4,and ID3)were primarily associated with lipid metabolism,development,and cell adhesion.Protein and mRNA expression analysis in PCOS model mice revealed significantly decreased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)1αand HIF2α,and significantly increased expression of HIF3αcompared to control mice(all P<0.001).Conclusion:Significant differences in gene and TF expression exist between PCOS patients and healthy individuals.HIF-3αmay play a crucial role in PCOS and could serve as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target.
基金supported by the RHIZOLEG project,funded by the Ministry of Higher Education,Scientific Research,and Innovation of Morocco(MESRSI)under the Convention 2023 No.6,as part of the Moroccan-Hungarian Cooperation for Scientific Research.
文摘Abiotic stresses,such as drought,heavy metals,salinity,and extreme temperatures,are among the most common adverse threats that restrict the use of land for agriculture and limit crop growth and productivity.As sessile organisms,plants defend themselves from abiotic stresses by developing various tolerance mechanisms.These mechanisms are governed by several biochemical traits.The biochemical mechanisms are the products of key genes that express under specific conditions.Interestingly,the expression of these genes is regulated by specialized proteins known as transcription factors(TFs).Several TFs,including those from the bZIP,bHLH,MYB,HSF,WRKY,DREB,and DOF families,play critical roles in regulating plant growth,development,and responses to environmental changes.By binding to specific DNA sequences,TFs can act as molecular switches to repress or activate the transcription of targeted genes.Moreover,some TF genes have been engineered to strengthencrop resilience to multiple abiotic stresses.Identifying and manipulating TFs is an interesting research area that could aid in improving crop abiotic stress tolerance.This review describs the harmful effects of salinity,drought,temperature and heavy metals on plant growth and development.We also provide an updated discussion on how TFs regulate and activate the plant tolerance under different abiotic constraints.Our aim is to extend understanding of how abiotic stresses affect the physiological characteristics of plants and how TFs alleviate these deleterious effects on plant growth and productivity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372780 and 32172643)the Institutional Research Funding of Sichuan University(2022SCUNL105)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC1302)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732486)the Guangxi Science and Technology Program(2024AB08197).
文摘Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process tightly regulated by hormonal crosstalk,transcriptional networks,and epigenetic modifications,with striking divergence between climacteric and non-climacteric species.In climacteric fruits,such as tomatoes,apples,and bananas,ethylene acts as the master regulator,driving autocatalytic biosynthesis through ACS/ACO genes and activating hierarchical transcriptional cascades mediated by MADS-box(RIN),NAC(NOR),and ERF-family transcription factors.These pathways are amplified by epigenetic reprogramming,including DNA demethylation at ripening-related promoters and histone acetylation,which enhance chromatin accessibility to facilitate gene expression.Conversely,non-climacteric fruits like strawberries and grapes predominantly rely on abscisic acid(ABA)to coordinate ripening.Hormonal interplay,such as ethylene-ABA synergy in climacteric fruit systems,further fine-tunes ripening dynamics.Advances in CRISPR-based gene editing and epigenome engineering now enable precise manipulation of these pathways,offering transformative solutions to reduce postharvest losses,enhance nutritional quality,and improve climate resilience.This review integrates mechanistic insights across species,emphasizing opportunities to translate fundamental discoveries into sustainable agricultural innovations,from breeding nutrient-rich cultivars to optimizing postharvest technologies for global food security.
文摘Background:E26 transformation-specific(ETS)family transcription factors have confirmed roles in several types of cancers.This study aimed to clarify the role of ETS family transcription factor alterations in gastric cancers.Methods:This study examines molecular alterations of ETS transcription factors in gastric adenocarcinomas based on an analysis of publicly available cohorts from the Protein Atlas and the Cancer Genome Atlas.The expression and relationships of members of the ETS transcription factor family with other important factors in the process of gastric carcinogenesis were evaluated using the same resources.Results:mRNA expression levels of ETS family members in gastric carcinoma tissues were variable,with ELF3,ETS2,EHF,ERF,and ELF1 being the family members with the highest expression.Mutations in individual transcription factors of the ETS family were rare in gastric cancers.The family member ELF3 was well expressed in the mRNA level in a subset of gastric cancers(n=91),and its expression correlated with the expression of other transcription factors involved in gastric cancer pathogenesis,including HNF4A,HNF1A,CDX2,GATA4,GATA6,and EHF.Cancers with high co-expression of ELF3 and HNF4A were frequently chromosomally instability(CIN),intestinal-type adenocarcinomas,and harbored TP53 mutations and WWOX deletions.Conclusion:Expression of E74 like ETS transcription factor 3(ELF3),an ETS transcription family member,correlates with expression of other key factors in gastric cancer and confers specific characteristics that may become exploited in targeted therapeutic interventions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.32301870 and 32572302 to Chen Lin)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(grant No.BK20230568 to Chen Lin)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Fund(grant No.CX(24)3124 to Chen Lin)Outstanding Ph.D.Program in Yangzhou(grant No.YZLYJFJH2022YXBS147 to Chen Lin)the General Project of Basic Scientific Research to colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province(grant No.22KJB210019 to Chen Lin)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions is greatly acknowledged.
文摘Extensive transcriptomic reprogramming is triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses in plants,with coordinated regulation mediated through multiple transcription factor families,such as WRKY,MYB,NAC,and BBX proteins.Among these,B-box(BBX)proteins represent a distinct class of zinc finger transcription factors characterized by the presence of conserved B-box domains.They serve as central regulators in plant photomorphogenesis and developmental processes.Accumulating genetic and biochemical evidence demonstrates that BBX family members orchestrate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses through multifaceted molecular mechanisms,including the regulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis,enhancement of anthocyanin biosynthesis,and modulation of hormonal signaling pathways.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the identification of BBX family genes in different plant species.Furthermore,their emerging roles in mediating plant stress responses are elucidated,with molecularmechanisms being comprehensively analyzed at both transcriptional and post-translational levels.However,to fully harness the potential of BBX genes in crop improvement,a deeper understanding of their functional mechanisms including BBX-mediated hormonal crosstalk networks,growth-defense trade-offs,and more extensive field performance data remains essential.These insights provide a theoretical foundation for developing climate-resilient crop varieties through targeted genetic improvement strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160818)the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22JR5RA622).
文摘Alcoholic liver disease(ALD),which includes a range of diseases,ranging from alcoholic steatosis,hepatitis,and fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma,is a process of epigenetic remodeling involving multiple genes and metabolic pathways.ALD is involved in various transcriptional regulatory mechanisms,including lipid metabolism disorders,inflammatory responses,autophagy,fibrogenesis,oxidative stress,fatty acid metabolism,iron metabolism,and endoplasmic reticulum stress.In the occurrence of ALD and its response to the microenvironment,various transcription factors(TFs)play important roles.Targeted therapy involving these TFs may pave a novel avenue for the treatment of ALD.Here,we summarize the molecular characteristics of TFs and their involvement in the biological and pathological processes of ALD.We further discuss the current pharmaceutical treatments targeting these TFs and their mediators.This study provides detailed and accurate regulation maps of TFs for the targeted therapy of ALD.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(Grant No.FRGS/1/2023/STG03/UM/02/2)Universiti Malaya RU Grant(RU002-2025B).
文摘Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors(TFs)are evolutionarily conserved regulatory proteins that are crucial for plantgrowth,development,secondarymetabolism,andstress adaptation.Recent studieshavehighlighted their crucial role in coordinating growth–defense trade-offs through transcriptional regulation of key biosynthetic and stress-response genes.Despite extensive functional characterization in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana,systematically evaluating the broader functional landscape of MYB TFs across diverse species and contexts remains necessary.This systematic review integrates results from 24 peer-reviewed studies sourced from Scopus and Web of Science,focusing on the functional diversity of MYB TFs,particularly in relation to abiotic stress tolerance,metabolic regulation,and plant developmental processes.Advances in genomic technologies,such as transcriptomics,genome editing,and comparative phylogenetics,have considerably enhanced our understanding of MYB-mediated regulatory mechanisms.These tools have facilitated the identification and functional characterization of MYB genes across model and non-model plant species.Key findings underscore the multifaceted roles of MYB TFs in enhancing stress resilience,modulating anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis,and contributing to yield-related traits,thereby highlighting their potential applications in crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.However,critical gaps exist in understanding MYB interactions within complex regulatory networks,particularly in underrepresented plant species and ecological contexts.This review consolidates current knowledge as well as identifies research gaps and proposes future directions to advance the understanding and application of MYB TFs.The insights derived from this study underscore their transformative potential in addressing global challenges including food security and climate resilience through innovative agricultural practices.
基金supported by Hebei Natural Science Foundation(H2024206476)Medical Science Research Project of Hebei(20240101).
文摘Background:The regulatory mechanisms governing vasculogenic mimicry(VM)in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)remain largely undefined.This study aimed to identify critical factors and elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms underlying VM in OSCC.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis was performed utilizing single-cell RNA-seq,bulk RNA-seq,and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation(H3K27ac)Chromatin Immunoprecipitation(ChIP)-seq data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases.ChIP-qPCR was used to validate the binding of ETS transcription factor ELK4(ELK4)to the dihydrofolate reductase(DHFR)enhancer.In vitro VM formation and invasion of OSCC cells were assessed using Matrigel-based tube formation and Transwell assays,respectively.Results:Elevated expression of VM-related genes predicts unfavorable prognosis in OSCC patients.High-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis(hdWGCNA)identified epithelial subcluster C4 as most strongly associated with VM and metastasis.Three co-expression modules within this subcluster exhibited significant positive correlations with both phenotypic traits.Among the 30 eigengenes from the three modules,DHFR emerged as a key regulator of VM and metastasis.Knockdown or inhibition of DHFR significantly suppressed VM formation and invasion in OSCC cells.Mechanistically,ELK4 activated DHFR transcription through direct binding to its enhancer.DHFR overexpression rescued VM and invasion impairment induced by ELK4 knockdown.Conclusion:DHFR was a pivotal enhancer-regulated gene driving VM and metastasis in OSCC.ELK4 directly binds to DHFR enhancer regions to activate its transcription,thereby promoting these malignant phenotypes.These findings identified the ELK4/DHFR axis as a promising therapeutic target for anti-angiogenic intervention in OSCC.
基金supported by the Foundation Project:National Natural Science.Foundation of China(Nos.:82460249,82100417,81760094)The Foundation of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology Outstanding Youth Fund Project(20212BAB206022,20242BAB23080).
文摘Objective:Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1(Lrg1)could regulate diverse cells in cerebral ischemiareperfusion.Our study seeks to uncover Lrg1’s impact on endothelial cell heterogeneity via differentiation pathways and transcription factors.Method:The CSOmap model measured cell-to-brain-center distances using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data in middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion(MCAO/R).Monocle2 mapped endothelial differentiation paths.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)analyzed endothelial subcluster variations.Database searches revealed a zinc finger MIZ-type containing 1 protein-frizzled 3(Zmiz1-Fzd3)promoter interaction.Endothelial cells were transfected with a Fzd3 promoter-luciferase plasmid.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and western blotting assessed MCAO/R or Zmiz1 overexpression effects on Fzd3-related mRNA and proteins.A retroviral vector carrying Zmiz1 was injected into the brains of mice to study its effect on Fzd3.Result:Lrg1−/−mice exhibited elevated cell adhesion proteins and decreased microvascular leakage after MCAO/R.CSOmap showed widened astrocyte spacing in thesemice.RSS revealed Zmiz1 overexpression inMCAO/R+Lrg1−/−mice.MCAO/R and pcDNA3-Zmiz1 transfection both enhanced luciferase activity with Fzd3,indicating Zmiz1 binding to Fzd3.Retroviral Zmiz1 injection or knockdown disrupted ischemic brain tight junctions,highlighting Zmiz1’s key role in blood-brain barrier protection,likely through Fzd3 pathway modulation.Conclusion:The findings indicate Lrg1 knockout induces endothelial differentiation by activating Zmiz1,which is crucial for maintaining blood-brain barrier function,possibly via modulating the Fzd3 pathway.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province [(2011)2089]Engineering Technology Research Center Building Fund of Guizhou Province ([2012]4006)Excellent Scientific and Educational Governor Fund of Guizhou Province ([2009]06)~~
文摘In this article, the biosynthetic pathways of storage oil accumulation in oilseed plants were briefly introduced, and the transcription factors, such as B3 do- main supeffamily genes, lecl gene, wril gene etc., and their important role in oil accumulation regulation was mainly elucidated. Overexpession of transcription factors as feasible ways of genetic manipulation to increase oJl content in oilseed crops are promising in a long-term perspective.
基金Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr Xinnian Dong （Duke University, Durham, NC, USA） for critical reading of the manuscript and valuable suggestions. We thank Dr Jianmin Zhou （National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China） for providing the fungus strain Botrytis cinerea, Dr Salome Prat （Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain） for providing homozygous atmyc2-2 （T-DNA insertion line SALK_083483） seeds and Dr Daoxin Xie （Tsinghua University, Beijing, China） for providing the coil-I seeds. This work was supported by grants from The National Natural Science Foundation of China （30530440）, The Ministry of Science and Technology of China （2006CB 102004, 2006AA10A 116）, and The Chinese Academy of Sciences （KSCX2-YW-N-045）.
文摘Jasmonic acid （JA） is an important phytohormone that regulates plant defense responses against herbivore attack, pathogen infection and mechanical wounding. In this report, we provided biochemical and genetic evidence to show that the Arabidopsis thaliana NAC family proteins ANAC019 and ANAC055 might function as transcription activators to regulate JA-induced expression of defense genes. The role of the two NAC genes in JA signaling was examined with the anacO19 anac055 double mutant and with transgenic plants overexpressing ANACO19 or ANAC055. The anacO19 anac055 double mutant plants showed attenuated JA-induced VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN1 （VSP1） and LIPOXYGENASE2 （LOX2） expression, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing the two NAC genes showed enhanced JA-induced VSP1 and LOX2 expression. That the JA-induced expression of the two NAC genes depends on the function of COIl and AtMYC2, together with the finding that overexpression of ANACO19 partially rescued the JA-related phenotype of the atmyc2-2 mutant, has led us to a hypothesis that the two NAC proteins act downstream of AtMYC2 to regulate JA-signaled defense responses. Further evidence to substantiate this idea comes from the observation that the response of the anacO19 anac055 double mutant to a necrotrophic fungus showed high similarity to that of the atmyc2-2 mutant.
基金Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30270652)Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2002I006)
文摘Mammalian tooth development is largely dependent on sequential and reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.These processes involve a series of inductive and permissive interactions that result in the determination,differentiation,and organization of odontogenic tissues.Multiple signaling molecules,including BMPs,FGFs,Shh,and Wnt proteins,have been implicated in mediating these tissue interactions.Transcription factors participate in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions via linking the signaling loops between tissue layers by responding to inductive signals and regulating the expression of other signaling molecules.Adult stem cells are highly plastic and multipotent.These cells including dental pulp stem cells and bone marrow stromal cells could be reprogrammed into odontogenic fate and participated in tooth formation.Recent progress in the studies of molecular basis of tooth development,adult stem cell biology,and regene-ration will provide fundamental knowledge for the realization of human tooth regeneration in the near future.
基金funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC) ERA-NET BB/G024995/1
文摘Since the first MADS-box transcription factor genes were implicated in the establishment of floral organ identity in a couple of model plants, the size and scope of this gene family has begun to be appreciated in a much wider range of species. Over the course of millions of years the number of MADS-box genes in plants has increased to the point that the Arabidopsis genome contains more than 100. The understanding gained from studying the evolution, regulation and function of multiple MADS-box genes in an increasing set of species, makes this large plant transcription factor gene family an ideal subject to study the processes that lead to an increase in gene number and the selective birth, death and repurposing of its component members. Here we will use examples taken from the MADS-box gene family to review what is known about the factors that influence the loss and retention of genes duplicated in different ways and examine the varied fates of the retained genes and their associated biological outcomes.
基金the National Eye Institute(EY022129 to JLGP30-EY022589 to UCSD)+1 种基金the DOD(W81XWH-12-1-0254 to JLG)an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness,Inc
文摘Molecular mechanisms of the Kruppel-like family of transcription factors （KLFs） have been studied more in proliferating cells than in post-mitotic cells such as neurons. We recently found that KLFs regulate intrinsic axon growth ability in central nervous system （CNS） neurons in- cluding retinal ganglion cells, and hippocampal and cortical neurons. With at least 15 of 17 KLF family members expressed in neurons and at least 5 structurally unique subfamilies, it is import- ant to determine how this complex family functions in neurons to regulate the intricate genetic programs of axon growth and regeneration. By characterizing the molecular mechanisms of the KLF family in the nervous system, including binding partners and gene targets, and comparing them to defined mechanisms defined outside the nervous system, we may better understand how KLFs regulate neurite growth and axon regeneration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31301754)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (CAAS-ASTIP)the Cultivation Plan for Youth Agricultural Science and Technology Innovative Talents of Liaoning Province, China (2015059)
文摘The highbush blueberry（Vaccinium corymbosum）,Duke,was used to construct a de novo transcriptome sequence library and to perform data statistical analysis.Mega 4,CLC Sequence Viewer 6 software,and quantitative PCR were employed for bioinformatics and expression analyses of the basic helix-loop-helix（BHLH）transcription factors of the sequencing library.The results showed that 28.38 gigabytes of valid data were obtained from transcriptome sequencing and were assembled into 108 033 unigenes.Functional annotation showed that 32 244 unigenes were annotated into Clusters of Orthologous Groups（COG）and Gene Ontology（GO）databases,whereas the rest of the 75 789 unigenes had no matching information.By using COG and GO classification tools,sequences with annotation information were divided into 25 and 52 categories,respectively,which involved transport and metabolism,transcriptional regulation,and signal transduction.Analysis of the transcriptome library identified a total of 59 BHLH genes.Sequence analysis revealed that 55 genes of that contained a complete BHLH domain.Furthermore,phylogenetic analysis showed that BHLH genes of blueberry（Duke）could be divided into 13 sub-groups.PCR results showed that 45 genes were expressed at various developmental stages of buds,stems,leaves,flowers,and fruits,suggesting that the function of BHLH was associated with the development of different tissues and organs of blueberry,Duke.The present study would provided a foundation for further investigations on the classification and functions of the blueberry BHLH family.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFC1711100)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,No.2016-I2M-3-016)。
文摘Camptotheca acuminata produces camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene indole alkaloid(MIA)that is widely used in the treatment of lung,colorectal,cervical,and ovarian cancers.Its biosynthesis pathway has attracted significant attention,but the regulation of CPT biosynthesis by the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor(AP2/ERF)transcription factors(TFs)remains unclear.In this study,a systematic analysis of the AP2/ERF TFs family in C.acuminata was performed,including phylogeny,gene structure,conserved motifs,and gene expression profiles in different tissues and organs(immature bark,cotyledons,young flower,immature fruit,mature fruit,mature leaf,roots,upper stem,and lower stem)of C.acuminata.A total of 198 AP2/ERF genes were identified and divided into five relatively conserved subfamilies,including AP2(26 genes),DREB(61 genes),ERF(92 genes),RAV(18 genes),and Soloist(one gene).The combination of gene expression patterns in different C.acuminata tissues and organs,the phylogenetic tree,the co-expression analysis with biosynthetic genes,and the analysis of promoter sequences of key enzymes genes involved in CPT biosynthesis pathways revealed that eight AP2/ERF TFs in C.acuminata might be involved in CPT synthesis regulation,which exhibit relatively high expression levels in the upper stem or immature bark.Among these,four genes(Cac AP2/ERF123,Cac AP2/ERF125,Cac AP2/ERF126,and Cac AP2/ERF127)belong to the ERF–B2 subgroup;two genes(Cac AP2/ERF149 and Cac AP2/ERF152)belong to the ERF–B3 subgroup;and two more genes(Cac AP2/ERF095 and Cac AP2/ERF096)belong to the DREB–A6 subgroup.These results provide a foundation for future functional characterization of the AP2/ERF genes to enhance the biosynthesis of CPT compounds of C.acuminata.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(Grant No.2013PY088).
文摘Osmanthus fragrans is one of the top ten traditional flowers in China.It is divided into three different groups according to its color.α-Carotene and β-carotene are the main determinants to distinguish the color differences between three groups.However,the dominant genes and transcription factors involved in carotenoid metabolism remain unclear.CPTA treatment(0.7mmol·L−1)remarkably promoted lycopene,α-carotene and β-carotene contents in flowers.Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that CPTA treatment could trigger chain reactions in carotenoid metabolism pathway genes.Four up-regulated and 10 down-regulated transcription factors which have close association with carotenoid variation were significantly induced by CPTA treatment.The up-regulated TFs such as MYB43,MYB123,HSF,were further subjected to transcript expression determination in different cultivars with drastic colors.Among them,transcript expression of four up-regulated TFs coincided with the carotenoid accumulation in different cultivars.We selected up-regulated OfMYB43 to verify its function,which is related to stress tolerance and transcriptional regulation.Transient overexpression of OfMYB43 in O.fragrans flowers showed that it could remarkably promote the expression of PDS,ZISO,LCYE and CCD4,leading to increased accumulation of β-branch carotenoids.OfMYB43 was a potential positive regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis in O.fragrans flowers.This study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of carotenoid metabolism in O.fragrans.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31601593)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship of China Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.YESS20170108)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20160588).
文摘Transcription factors(TFs)orchestrate the regulation of cellular gene expression and thereby determine cell functionality.In this study,we analyzed the distribution of TFs containing domains,which named as ZnFTFs,both in ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi.We found that ZnFTFs were widely distributed in these fungal species,but there was more expansion of the ZnFTF class in Ascomycota than Basidiomycota.We identified 40 ZnFTFs in Ustilaginoidea virens,and demonstrated the involvement of UvZnFTF1 in vegetative growth,conidiation,pigment biosynthesis and pathogenicity.RNA-Seq analysis suggested that UvZnFTF1 may regulate different nutrient metabolism pathways,the production of secondary metabolites,and the expression of pathogen-host interaction genes and secreted protein-encodi ng genes.Analysis of the distributi on of differe nt fungal TFs in U.virens further dem on strated that UvZnFTFs make up a large TF family and may play essential biological roles in U.virens.
