Moving from the most recent results on Foxg1 biology,we first summarize the available information on some special pleiotropic effectors of neurodevelopmental interest,involved in controlling both transcription and pos...Moving from the most recent results on Foxg1 biology,we first summarize the available information on some special pleiotropic effectors of neurodevelopmental interest,involved in controlling both transcription and post-transcriptional steps of gene expression.Then,after further analysis of the literature,we report evidence that,not strictly limited to neurodevelopmental effectors,such pleiotropy also applies to other transcription factors,involved in physiology and homeostasis.Furthermore,through the systematic analysis of a major public protein-protein interaction database,we gather strong evidence that the involvement of“canonical”transcription factors in post-transcriptional control of gene expression could be a pervasive phenomenon,characterizing hundreds of effectors.Finally,we discuss the biological significance of these findings and propose three evolutionary mechanisms that may have contributed to such an unexpected scenario.展开更多
Flavonoids,abundant in the fruits,are pivotal to their growth,development,and storage.In addition,they have significant beneficial effects on human health.Consequently,research is increasingly concentrating on the reg...Flavonoids,abundant in the fruits,are pivotal to their growth,development,and storage.In addition,they have significant beneficial effects on human health.Consequently,research is increasingly concentrating on the regulatory mechanisms governing flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits.Phytohormones are involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.The abscisic acid,ethylene,jasmonic acid,cytokinins,and brassinosteroids promote flavonoid biosynthesis,while auxin negatively regulates flavonoid biosynthesis.Subsequently,transcription factors from the MYB,bHLH,WRKY,NAC,and bZIP families are pivotal in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis.In addition,non-coding RNAs(microRNA and lncRNA)also participate in the regulation of flavonoids biosynthesis.MicroRNAs are generally believed to negatively regulate flavonoid metabolism in fruits,while lncRNAs have the opposite effect.Furthermore,the interactions between plant hormones,transcription factors,and non-coding RNAs in fruit flavonoid biosynthesis were analyzed.Ultimately,a foundational regulatory network for fruit flavonoid biosynthesis was hereby established.展开更多
Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an important fruit and vegetable crop in worldwide.The fertility of tomato reproductive organs can be dramatically decreased when ambient temperatures rise above 35°C,reducing tomat...Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an important fruit and vegetable crop in worldwide.The fertility of tomato reproductive organs can be dramatically decreased when ambient temperatures rise above 35°C,reducing tomato fruit yield.It is necessary to identify transcription factors(TFs)and target genes involved in heat stress response(HSR)signaling cascades in tomato flower buds to improve tomato plant thermotolerance.In this study,we profiled genes expressed in three developmental stages of tomato flower buds.Red and turquoise modules for heat stress(HS)were identified through gene co-expression network analysis,and the genes within these modules were enriched in HS-related pathways.By focusing on the TFs in the two modules,we identified several novel HSR-related TFs,including SlWRKY75,SlMYB117,and SlNAM.Furthermore,homology analysis illustrated a conserved signaling cascade in tomato.Lastly,we identified and experimentally validated four HSF-regulated genes,namely SlGrpE,SlERDJ3A,SlTIL,and SlPOM1,that likely modulate thermotolerance in plants.These results provide a high-resolution atlas of gene expression during tomato flower bud development under HS conditions,which is a valuable resource for uncovering potential regulatory networks associated with the HSR in tomato.展开更多
Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a common endocrine disorder that affects women’s health.This study aims to investigate gene and transcription factor(TF)expression differences between PCOS patients and hea...Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a common endocrine disorder that affects women’s health.This study aims to investigate gene and transcription factor(TF)expression differences between PCOS patients and healthy individuals using bioinformatics approaches,and to verify the function of key transcription factors,with the goal of providing new insights into the pathogenesis of PCOS.Methods:Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and differentially expressed transcription factors(DETFs)between PCOS patients and controls were identified from the RNA sequencing dataset GSE168404 using bioinformatics methods.Functional enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)databases.The expression and function of core transcription factors were further validated in ovarian tissues of PCOS model mice and control mice using Western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RTqPCR).Results:A total of 332 DEGs were identified between PCOS patients and controls,including 259 upregulated and 73 downregulated genes in the PCOS group.19 DETFs were further screened,of which 16 were upregulated and 3 were downregulated in PCOS.The upregulated DETFs(including TFCP2L1,DACH1,ESR2,AFF3,SMAD9,ZNF331,HOPX,ATOH8,HIF3α,DPF3,HOXC4,HES1,ID1,JDP2,SOX4,and ID3)were primarily associated with lipid metabolism,development,and cell adhesion.Protein and mRNA expression analysis in PCOS model mice revealed significantly decreased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)1αand HIF2α,and significantly increased expression of HIF3αcompared to control mice(all P<0.001).Conclusion:Significant differences in gene and TF expression exist between PCOS patients and healthy individuals.HIF-3αmay play a crucial role in PCOS and could serve as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target.展开更多
Abiotic stresses,such as drought,heavy metals,salinity,and extreme temperatures,are among the most common adverse threats that restrict the use of land for agriculture and limit crop growth and productivity.As sessile...Abiotic stresses,such as drought,heavy metals,salinity,and extreme temperatures,are among the most common adverse threats that restrict the use of land for agriculture and limit crop growth and productivity.As sessile organisms,plants defend themselves from abiotic stresses by developing various tolerance mechanisms.These mechanisms are governed by several biochemical traits.The biochemical mechanisms are the products of key genes that express under specific conditions.Interestingly,the expression of these genes is regulated by specialized proteins known as transcription factors(TFs).Several TFs,including those from the bZIP,bHLH,MYB,HSF,WRKY,DREB,and DOF families,play critical roles in regulating plant growth,development,and responses to environmental changes.By binding to specific DNA sequences,TFs can act as molecular switches to repress or activate the transcription of targeted genes.Moreover,some TF genes have been engineered to strengthencrop resilience to multiple abiotic stresses.Identifying and manipulating TFs is an interesting research area that could aid in improving crop abiotic stress tolerance.This review describs the harmful effects of salinity,drought,temperature and heavy metals on plant growth and development.We also provide an updated discussion on how TFs regulate and activate the plant tolerance under different abiotic constraints.Our aim is to extend understanding of how abiotic stresses affect the physiological characteristics of plants and how TFs alleviate these deleterious effects on plant growth and productivity.展开更多
Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process tightly regulated by hormonal crosstalk,transcriptional networks,and epigenetic modifications,with striking divergence between climacteric and non-climacteric species....Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process tightly regulated by hormonal crosstalk,transcriptional networks,and epigenetic modifications,with striking divergence between climacteric and non-climacteric species.In climacteric fruits,such as tomatoes,apples,and bananas,ethylene acts as the master regulator,driving autocatalytic biosynthesis through ACS/ACO genes and activating hierarchical transcriptional cascades mediated by MADS-box(RIN),NAC(NOR),and ERF-family transcription factors.These pathways are amplified by epigenetic reprogramming,including DNA demethylation at ripening-related promoters and histone acetylation,which enhance chromatin accessibility to facilitate gene expression.Conversely,non-climacteric fruits like strawberries and grapes predominantly rely on abscisic acid(ABA)to coordinate ripening.Hormonal interplay,such as ethylene-ABA synergy in climacteric fruit systems,further fine-tunes ripening dynamics.Advances in CRISPR-based gene editing and epigenome engineering now enable precise manipulation of these pathways,offering transformative solutions to reduce postharvest losses,enhance nutritional quality,and improve climate resilience.This review integrates mechanistic insights across species,emphasizing opportunities to translate fundamental discoveries into sustainable agricultural innovations,from breeding nutrient-rich cultivars to optimizing postharvest technologies for global food security.展开更多
Background:E26 transformation-specific(ETS)family transcription factors have confirmed roles in several types of cancers.This study aimed to clarify the role of ETS family transcription factor alterations in gastric c...Background:E26 transformation-specific(ETS)family transcription factors have confirmed roles in several types of cancers.This study aimed to clarify the role of ETS family transcription factor alterations in gastric cancers.Methods:This study examines molecular alterations of ETS transcription factors in gastric adenocarcinomas based on an analysis of publicly available cohorts from the Protein Atlas and the Cancer Genome Atlas.The expression and relationships of members of the ETS transcription factor family with other important factors in the process of gastric carcinogenesis were evaluated using the same resources.Results:mRNA expression levels of ETS family members in gastric carcinoma tissues were variable,with ELF3,ETS2,EHF,ERF,and ELF1 being the family members with the highest expression.Mutations in individual transcription factors of the ETS family were rare in gastric cancers.The family member ELF3 was well expressed in the mRNA level in a subset of gastric cancers(n=91),and its expression correlated with the expression of other transcription factors involved in gastric cancer pathogenesis,including HNF4A,HNF1A,CDX2,GATA4,GATA6,and EHF.Cancers with high co-expression of ELF3 and HNF4A were frequently chromosomally instability(CIN),intestinal-type adenocarcinomas,and harbored TP53 mutations and WWOX deletions.Conclusion:Expression of E74 like ETS transcription factor 3(ELF3),an ETS transcription family member,correlates with expression of other key factors in gastric cancer and confers specific characteristics that may become exploited in targeted therapeutic interventions.展开更多
Extensive transcriptomic reprogramming is triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses in plants,with coordinated regulation mediated through multiple transcription factor families,such as WRKY,MYB,NAC,and BBX proteins.Am...Extensive transcriptomic reprogramming is triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses in plants,with coordinated regulation mediated through multiple transcription factor families,such as WRKY,MYB,NAC,and BBX proteins.Among these,B-box(BBX)proteins represent a distinct class of zinc finger transcription factors characterized by the presence of conserved B-box domains.They serve as central regulators in plant photomorphogenesis and developmental processes.Accumulating genetic and biochemical evidence demonstrates that BBX family members orchestrate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses through multifaceted molecular mechanisms,including the regulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis,enhancement of anthocyanin biosynthesis,and modulation of hormonal signaling pathways.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the identification of BBX family genes in different plant species.Furthermore,their emerging roles in mediating plant stress responses are elucidated,with molecularmechanisms being comprehensively analyzed at both transcriptional and post-translational levels.However,to fully harness the potential of BBX genes in crop improvement,a deeper understanding of their functional mechanisms including BBX-mediated hormonal crosstalk networks,growth-defense trade-offs,and more extensive field performance data remains essential.These insights provide a theoretical foundation for developing climate-resilient crop varieties through targeted genetic improvement strategies.展开更多
Alcoholic liver disease(ALD),which includes a range of diseases,ranging from alcoholic steatosis,hepatitis,and fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma,is a process of epigenetic remodeling involving multiple genes a...Alcoholic liver disease(ALD),which includes a range of diseases,ranging from alcoholic steatosis,hepatitis,and fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma,is a process of epigenetic remodeling involving multiple genes and metabolic pathways.ALD is involved in various transcriptional regulatory mechanisms,including lipid metabolism disorders,inflammatory responses,autophagy,fibrogenesis,oxidative stress,fatty acid metabolism,iron metabolism,and endoplasmic reticulum stress.In the occurrence of ALD and its response to the microenvironment,various transcription factors(TFs)play important roles.Targeted therapy involving these TFs may pave a novel avenue for the treatment of ALD.Here,we summarize the molecular characteristics of TFs and their involvement in the biological and pathological processes of ALD.We further discuss the current pharmaceutical treatments targeting these TFs and their mediators.This study provides detailed and accurate regulation maps of TFs for the targeted therapy of ALD.展开更多
Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors(TFs)are evolutionarily conserved regulatory proteins that are crucial for plantgrowth,development,secondarymetabolism,andstress adaptation.Recent studieshavehighlighted their c...Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors(TFs)are evolutionarily conserved regulatory proteins that are crucial for plantgrowth,development,secondarymetabolism,andstress adaptation.Recent studieshavehighlighted their crucial role in coordinating growth–defense trade-offs through transcriptional regulation of key biosynthetic and stress-response genes.Despite extensive functional characterization in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana,systematically evaluating the broader functional landscape of MYB TFs across diverse species and contexts remains necessary.This systematic review integrates results from 24 peer-reviewed studies sourced from Scopus and Web of Science,focusing on the functional diversity of MYB TFs,particularly in relation to abiotic stress tolerance,metabolic regulation,and plant developmental processes.Advances in genomic technologies,such as transcriptomics,genome editing,and comparative phylogenetics,have considerably enhanced our understanding of MYB-mediated regulatory mechanisms.These tools have facilitated the identification and functional characterization of MYB genes across model and non-model plant species.Key findings underscore the multifaceted roles of MYB TFs in enhancing stress resilience,modulating anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis,and contributing to yield-related traits,thereby highlighting their potential applications in crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.However,critical gaps exist in understanding MYB interactions within complex regulatory networks,particularly in underrepresented plant species and ecological contexts.This review consolidates current knowledge as well as identifies research gaps and proposes future directions to advance the understanding and application of MYB TFs.The insights derived from this study underscore their transformative potential in addressing global challenges including food security and climate resilience through innovative agricultural practices.展开更多
Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1(NR2F1,also called COUP-TF1)is a transcription factor and part of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily(Gay et al.,2002).NR2F1 is an orphan receptor that dimeriz...Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1(NR2F1,also called COUP-TF1)is a transcription factor and part of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily(Gay et al.,2002).NR2F1 is an orphan receptor that dimerizes to bind DNA and acts as a repressor as well as an activator of the target genes(Gay et al.,2002;Bertacchi et al.,2019;Bonzano et al.,2023).展开更多
Tooth morphogenesis is orchestrated by a complex interplay of signaling pathways and transcription factors that control cell proliferation,apoptosis,and differentiation,with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway playin...Tooth morphogenesis is orchestrated by a complex interplay of signaling pathways and transcription factors that control cell proliferation,apoptosis,and differentiation,with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway playing a pivotal role.However,the comprehensive regulatory mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling remain largely unclear.Smad7,a key antagonist of the TGF-βsuperfamily,is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and ensuring proper cellular function.Our previous study has demonstrated that Smad7 knockout in mice leads to impaired proliferative property of tooth germ cells,resulting in small molars.Here,we identified SMAD7 expression in human dental papilla and dental pulp,colocalized with β-CATENIN and cell proliferationrelated proteins.RNA sequencing analysis revealed a significant reduction in Wnt signaling activity in Smad7-deficient mouse tooth germs.Using lentivirus transfection,we established SMAD7-knockdown human dental papilla stem cells,which manifested remarkably blunt proliferation rate,along with diminished Wnt signaling activity.In vivo transplantation investigations further revealed the indispensable role of SMAD7 in dentin formation.Mechanistically,we revealed that β-CATENIN interacts with P-SMAD2/3 and SMAD7 through co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid assays.Inhibition of TGF-β pathway or disruption of SMAD7/β-CATENIN transcription factor complex formation potently impacted Wnt/β-catenin activities,indicating both direct and indirect regulatory mechanisms.These findings highlight the critical role of SMAD7 in the proliferation and diffe rentiation of human dental stem cells,which could contribute to dental tissue regeneration and engineering.展开更多
Flower color is an essential trait in ornamental plant breeding. Lycoris longituba is a popular ornamental plant native to central eastern China. The decrease in anthocyanin accumulation causes L. longituba petal colo...Flower color is an essential trait in ornamental plant breeding. Lycoris longituba is a popular ornamental plant native to central eastern China. The decrease in anthocyanin accumulation causes L. longituba petal color fading during flower development, which considerably affects the ornamental value of L. longituba. However, mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis inhibition during L. longituba petal development remain unclear. In this study, three LlDFR genes were confirmed to be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and LlDFRc exerted the strongest promoting effect on anthocyanin accumulation. According to the correlation analysis results, LlbHLH12 exhibited the strongest negative correlation with LlDFRc. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that LlbHLH12 was highly expressed during the medium bud and full bloom stages of flower development. LlbHLH12 was identified as a member of subgroup XII of bHLH transcription factor family. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activation ability assay revealed that LlbHLH12 was located in the nucleus without transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of LlbHLH12 in Nicotiana tabacum and L. longituba inhibited anthocyanin accumulation by suppressing the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase, and β-glucuronidase activity assays showed that LlbHLH12 directly bound to the promoters of LlPAL and LlDFRc and suppressed their expression to inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis. Overall, our study identified a novel bHLH repressor negatively regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying color fading in L. longituba petals.展开更多
Background:The regulatory mechanisms governing vasculogenic mimicry(VM)in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)remain largely undefined.This study aimed to identify critical factors and elucidate the epigenetic mechanism...Background:The regulatory mechanisms governing vasculogenic mimicry(VM)in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)remain largely undefined.This study aimed to identify critical factors and elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms underlying VM in OSCC.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis was performed utilizing single-cell RNA-seq,bulk RNA-seq,and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation(H3K27ac)Chromatin Immunoprecipitation(ChIP)-seq data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases.ChIP-qPCR was used to validate the binding of ETS transcription factor ELK4(ELK4)to the dihydrofolate reductase(DHFR)enhancer.In vitro VM formation and invasion of OSCC cells were assessed using Matrigel-based tube formation and Transwell assays,respectively.Results:Elevated expression of VM-related genes predicts unfavorable prognosis in OSCC patients.High-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis(hdWGCNA)identified epithelial subcluster C4 as most strongly associated with VM and metastasis.Three co-expression modules within this subcluster exhibited significant positive correlations with both phenotypic traits.Among the 30 eigengenes from the three modules,DHFR emerged as a key regulator of VM and metastasis.Knockdown or inhibition of DHFR significantly suppressed VM formation and invasion in OSCC cells.Mechanistically,ELK4 activated DHFR transcription through direct binding to its enhancer.DHFR overexpression rescued VM and invasion impairment induced by ELK4 knockdown.Conclusion:DHFR was a pivotal enhancer-regulated gene driving VM and metastasis in OSCC.ELK4 directly binds to DHFR enhancer regions to activate its transcription,thereby promoting these malignant phenotypes.These findings identified the ELK4/DHFR axis as a promising therapeutic target for anti-angiogenic intervention in OSCC.展开更多
Heat stress reduces theanine content in tea plants,but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.In this study,a temperature gradient treatment(20℃,25℃,30℃,and 35℃)was performed to unveil the effect of he...Heat stress reduces theanine content in tea plants,but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.In this study,a temperature gradient treatment(20℃,25℃,30℃,and 35℃)was performed to unveil the effect of heat stress on biosynthesis and accumulation of theanine.We found that heat stress induced metabolic changes,characterized by decreased theanine content and increased catechin levels.In addition,heat stress up-regulated the expression of the class B heat shock transcription factor gene CsHSFB2c,while significantly suppressing the transcription of key theanine biosynthetic genes CsTS1 and CsGS1.Functional studies showed that silencing CsHSFB2c increased theanine content,while its overexpression significantly decreased theanine levels.Consistent with these changes,silencing CsHSFB2c upregulated the expression of CsTS1 and CsGS1,while overexpression of CsHSFB2c downregulated their expression.Yeast one-hybrid(Y1H)and dual-luciferase reporter gene(Dual-LUC)assays showed that CsHSFB2c directly binds to the promoters of CsTS1 and CsGS1 and inhibits their expression.These results demonstrate that CsHSFB2c mediates heat-induced suppression of theanine biosynthesis by directly inhibiting the expression of CsTS1 and CsGS1.This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the heat resistance and quality of tea plants via molecular breeding.展开更多
Objective:Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1(Lrg1)could regulate diverse cells in cerebral ischemiareperfusion.Our study seeks to uncover Lrg1’s impact on endothelial cell heterogeneity via differentiation pathways ...Objective:Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1(Lrg1)could regulate diverse cells in cerebral ischemiareperfusion.Our study seeks to uncover Lrg1’s impact on endothelial cell heterogeneity via differentiation pathways and transcription factors.Method:The CSOmap model measured cell-to-brain-center distances using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data in middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion(MCAO/R).Monocle2 mapped endothelial differentiation paths.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)analyzed endothelial subcluster variations.Database searches revealed a zinc finger MIZ-type containing 1 protein-frizzled 3(Zmiz1-Fzd3)promoter interaction.Endothelial cells were transfected with a Fzd3 promoter-luciferase plasmid.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and western blotting assessed MCAO/R or Zmiz1 overexpression effects on Fzd3-related mRNA and proteins.A retroviral vector carrying Zmiz1 was injected into the brains of mice to study its effect on Fzd3.Result:Lrg1−/−mice exhibited elevated cell adhesion proteins and decreased microvascular leakage after MCAO/R.CSOmap showed widened astrocyte spacing in thesemice.RSS revealed Zmiz1 overexpression inMCAO/R+Lrg1−/−mice.MCAO/R and pcDNA3-Zmiz1 transfection both enhanced luciferase activity with Fzd3,indicating Zmiz1 binding to Fzd3.Retroviral Zmiz1 injection or knockdown disrupted ischemic brain tight junctions,highlighting Zmiz1’s key role in blood-brain barrier protection,likely through Fzd3 pathway modulation.Conclusion:The findings indicate Lrg1 knockout induces endothelial differentiation by activating Zmiz1,which is crucial for maintaining blood-brain barrier function,possibly via modulating the Fzd3 pathway.展开更多
In this article, the biosynthetic pathways of storage oil accumulation in oilseed plants were briefly introduced, and the transcription factors, such as B3 do- main supeffamily genes, lecl gene, wril gene etc., and th...In this article, the biosynthetic pathways of storage oil accumulation in oilseed plants were briefly introduced, and the transcription factors, such as B3 do- main supeffamily genes, lecl gene, wril gene etc., and their important role in oil accumulation regulation was mainly elucidated. Overexpession of transcription factors as feasible ways of genetic manipulation to increase oJl content in oilseed crops are promising in a long-term perspective.展开更多
Jasmonic acid （JA） is an important phytohormone that regulates plant defense responses against herbivore attack, pathogen infection and mechanical wounding. In this report, we provided biochemical and genetic eviden...Jasmonic acid （JA） is an important phytohormone that regulates plant defense responses against herbivore attack, pathogen infection and mechanical wounding. In this report, we provided biochemical and genetic evidence to show that the Arabidopsis thaliana NAC family proteins ANAC019 and ANAC055 might function as transcription activators to regulate JA-induced expression of defense genes. The role of the two NAC genes in JA signaling was examined with the anacO19 anac055 double mutant and with transgenic plants overexpressing ANACO19 or ANAC055. The anacO19 anac055 double mutant plants showed attenuated JA-induced VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN1 （VSP1） and LIPOXYGENASE2 （LOX2） expression, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing the two NAC genes showed enhanced JA-induced VSP1 and LOX2 expression. That the JA-induced expression of the two NAC genes depends on the function of COIl and AtMYC2, together with the finding that overexpression of ANACO19 partially rescued the JA-related phenotype of the atmyc2-2 mutant, has led us to a hypothesis that the two NAC proteins act downstream of AtMYC2 to regulate JA-signaled defense responses. Further evidence to substantiate this idea comes from the observation that the response of the anacO19 anac055 double mutant to a necrotrophic fungus showed high similarity to that of the atmyc2-2 mutant.展开更多
Mammalian tooth development is largely dependent on sequential and reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.These processes involve a series of inductive and permissive interactions that result in the determinat...Mammalian tooth development is largely dependent on sequential and reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.These processes involve a series of inductive and permissive interactions that result in the determination,differentiation,and organization of odontogenic tissues.Multiple signaling molecules,including BMPs,FGFs,Shh,and Wnt proteins,have been implicated in mediating these tissue interactions.Transcription factors participate in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions via linking the signaling loops between tissue layers by responding to inductive signals and regulating the expression of other signaling molecules.Adult stem cells are highly plastic and multipotent.These cells including dental pulp stem cells and bone marrow stromal cells could be reprogrammed into odontogenic fate and participated in tooth formation.Recent progress in the studies of molecular basis of tooth development,adult stem cell biology,and regene-ration will provide fundamental knowledge for the realization of human tooth regeneration in the near future.展开更多
Since the first MADS-box transcription factor genes were implicated in the establishment of floral organ identity in a couple of model plants, the size and scope of this gene family has begun to be appreciated in a mu...Since the first MADS-box transcription factor genes were implicated in the establishment of floral organ identity in a couple of model plants, the size and scope of this gene family has begun to be appreciated in a much wider range of species. Over the course of millions of years the number of MADS-box genes in plants has increased to the point that the Arabidopsis genome contains more than 100. The understanding gained from studying the evolution, regulation and function of multiple MADS-box genes in an increasing set of species, makes this large plant transcription factor gene family an ideal subject to study the processes that lead to an increase in gene number and the selective birth, death and repurposing of its component members. Here we will use examples taken from the MADS-box gene family to review what is known about the factors that influence the loss and retention of genes duplicated in different ways and examine the varied fates of the retained genes and their associated biological outcomes.展开更多
基金supported by SISSA(intramural funding to AM)International FOXG1 Research Foundation(Grant to AM)+1 种基金Italian Ministery of University and Research(Grant PRIN222022M95RC7 to AM)Fondazione Telethon(Grant GMR22T2018 to AM).
文摘Moving from the most recent results on Foxg1 biology,we first summarize the available information on some special pleiotropic effectors of neurodevelopmental interest,involved in controlling both transcription and post-transcriptional steps of gene expression.Then,after further analysis of the literature,we report evidence that,not strictly limited to neurodevelopmental effectors,such pleiotropy also applies to other transcription factors,involved in physiology and homeostasis.Furthermore,through the systematic analysis of a major public protein-protein interaction database,we gather strong evidence that the involvement of“canonical”transcription factors in post-transcriptional control of gene expression could be a pervasive phenomenon,characterizing hundreds of effectors.Finally,we discuss the biological significance of these findings and propose three evolutionary mechanisms that may have contributed to such an unexpected scenario.
基金supported by the China Agricultural Research System(Grant No.CARS-09)the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Project(Grant No.YDZX2023029)the Gansu Planning Projects on Science and Technology(Grant No.23CXNJ0013).
文摘Flavonoids,abundant in the fruits,are pivotal to their growth,development,and storage.In addition,they have significant beneficial effects on human health.Consequently,research is increasingly concentrating on the regulatory mechanisms governing flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits.Phytohormones are involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.The abscisic acid,ethylene,jasmonic acid,cytokinins,and brassinosteroids promote flavonoid biosynthesis,while auxin negatively regulates flavonoid biosynthesis.Subsequently,transcription factors from the MYB,bHLH,WRKY,NAC,and bZIP families are pivotal in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis.In addition,non-coding RNAs(microRNA and lncRNA)also participate in the regulation of flavonoids biosynthesis.MicroRNAs are generally believed to negatively regulate flavonoid metabolism in fruits,while lncRNAs have the opposite effect.Furthermore,the interactions between plant hormones,transcription factors,and non-coding RNAs in fruit flavonoid biosynthesis were analyzed.Ultimately,a foundational regulatory network for fruit flavonoid biosynthesis was hereby established.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072571)the 111 Project(Grant No.B17043)the Construction of Beijing Science,and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(Grant No.CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000032)。
文摘Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an important fruit and vegetable crop in worldwide.The fertility of tomato reproductive organs can be dramatically decreased when ambient temperatures rise above 35°C,reducing tomato fruit yield.It is necessary to identify transcription factors(TFs)and target genes involved in heat stress response(HSR)signaling cascades in tomato flower buds to improve tomato plant thermotolerance.In this study,we profiled genes expressed in three developmental stages of tomato flower buds.Red and turquoise modules for heat stress(HS)were identified through gene co-expression network analysis,and the genes within these modules were enriched in HS-related pathways.By focusing on the TFs in the two modules,we identified several novel HSR-related TFs,including SlWRKY75,SlMYB117,and SlNAM.Furthermore,homology analysis illustrated a conserved signaling cascade in tomato.Lastly,we identified and experimentally validated four HSF-regulated genes,namely SlGrpE,SlERDJ3A,SlTIL,and SlPOM1,that likely modulate thermotolerance in plants.These results provide a high-resolution atlas of gene expression during tomato flower bud development under HS conditions,which is a valuable resource for uncovering potential regulatory networks associated with the HSR in tomato.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2022JJ30886).
文摘Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a common endocrine disorder that affects women’s health.This study aims to investigate gene and transcription factor(TF)expression differences between PCOS patients and healthy individuals using bioinformatics approaches,and to verify the function of key transcription factors,with the goal of providing new insights into the pathogenesis of PCOS.Methods:Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and differentially expressed transcription factors(DETFs)between PCOS patients and controls were identified from the RNA sequencing dataset GSE168404 using bioinformatics methods.Functional enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)databases.The expression and function of core transcription factors were further validated in ovarian tissues of PCOS model mice and control mice using Western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RTqPCR).Results:A total of 332 DEGs were identified between PCOS patients and controls,including 259 upregulated and 73 downregulated genes in the PCOS group.19 DETFs were further screened,of which 16 were upregulated and 3 were downregulated in PCOS.The upregulated DETFs(including TFCP2L1,DACH1,ESR2,AFF3,SMAD9,ZNF331,HOPX,ATOH8,HIF3α,DPF3,HOXC4,HES1,ID1,JDP2,SOX4,and ID3)were primarily associated with lipid metabolism,development,and cell adhesion.Protein and mRNA expression analysis in PCOS model mice revealed significantly decreased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)1αand HIF2α,and significantly increased expression of HIF3αcompared to control mice(all P<0.001).Conclusion:Significant differences in gene and TF expression exist between PCOS patients and healthy individuals.HIF-3αmay play a crucial role in PCOS and could serve as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target.
基金supported by the RHIZOLEG project,funded by the Ministry of Higher Education,Scientific Research,and Innovation of Morocco(MESRSI)under the Convention 2023 No.6,as part of the Moroccan-Hungarian Cooperation for Scientific Research.
文摘Abiotic stresses,such as drought,heavy metals,salinity,and extreme temperatures,are among the most common adverse threats that restrict the use of land for agriculture and limit crop growth and productivity.As sessile organisms,plants defend themselves from abiotic stresses by developing various tolerance mechanisms.These mechanisms are governed by several biochemical traits.The biochemical mechanisms are the products of key genes that express under specific conditions.Interestingly,the expression of these genes is regulated by specialized proteins known as transcription factors(TFs).Several TFs,including those from the bZIP,bHLH,MYB,HSF,WRKY,DREB,and DOF families,play critical roles in regulating plant growth,development,and responses to environmental changes.By binding to specific DNA sequences,TFs can act as molecular switches to repress or activate the transcription of targeted genes.Moreover,some TF genes have been engineered to strengthencrop resilience to multiple abiotic stresses.Identifying and manipulating TFs is an interesting research area that could aid in improving crop abiotic stress tolerance.This review describs the harmful effects of salinity,drought,temperature and heavy metals on plant growth and development.We also provide an updated discussion on how TFs regulate and activate the plant tolerance under different abiotic constraints.Our aim is to extend understanding of how abiotic stresses affect the physiological characteristics of plants and how TFs alleviate these deleterious effects on plant growth and productivity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372780 and 32172643)the Institutional Research Funding of Sichuan University(2022SCUNL105)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC1302)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732486)the Guangxi Science and Technology Program(2024AB08197).
文摘Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process tightly regulated by hormonal crosstalk,transcriptional networks,and epigenetic modifications,with striking divergence between climacteric and non-climacteric species.In climacteric fruits,such as tomatoes,apples,and bananas,ethylene acts as the master regulator,driving autocatalytic biosynthesis through ACS/ACO genes and activating hierarchical transcriptional cascades mediated by MADS-box(RIN),NAC(NOR),and ERF-family transcription factors.These pathways are amplified by epigenetic reprogramming,including DNA demethylation at ripening-related promoters and histone acetylation,which enhance chromatin accessibility to facilitate gene expression.Conversely,non-climacteric fruits like strawberries and grapes predominantly rely on abscisic acid(ABA)to coordinate ripening.Hormonal interplay,such as ethylene-ABA synergy in climacteric fruit systems,further fine-tunes ripening dynamics.Advances in CRISPR-based gene editing and epigenome engineering now enable precise manipulation of these pathways,offering transformative solutions to reduce postharvest losses,enhance nutritional quality,and improve climate resilience.This review integrates mechanistic insights across species,emphasizing opportunities to translate fundamental discoveries into sustainable agricultural innovations,from breeding nutrient-rich cultivars to optimizing postharvest technologies for global food security.
文摘Background:E26 transformation-specific(ETS)family transcription factors have confirmed roles in several types of cancers.This study aimed to clarify the role of ETS family transcription factor alterations in gastric cancers.Methods:This study examines molecular alterations of ETS transcription factors in gastric adenocarcinomas based on an analysis of publicly available cohorts from the Protein Atlas and the Cancer Genome Atlas.The expression and relationships of members of the ETS transcription factor family with other important factors in the process of gastric carcinogenesis were evaluated using the same resources.Results:mRNA expression levels of ETS family members in gastric carcinoma tissues were variable,with ELF3,ETS2,EHF,ERF,and ELF1 being the family members with the highest expression.Mutations in individual transcription factors of the ETS family were rare in gastric cancers.The family member ELF3 was well expressed in the mRNA level in a subset of gastric cancers(n=91),and its expression correlated with the expression of other transcription factors involved in gastric cancer pathogenesis,including HNF4A,HNF1A,CDX2,GATA4,GATA6,and EHF.Cancers with high co-expression of ELF3 and HNF4A were frequently chromosomally instability(CIN),intestinal-type adenocarcinomas,and harbored TP53 mutations and WWOX deletions.Conclusion:Expression of E74 like ETS transcription factor 3(ELF3),an ETS transcription family member,correlates with expression of other key factors in gastric cancer and confers specific characteristics that may become exploited in targeted therapeutic interventions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.32301870 and 32572302 to Chen Lin)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(grant No.BK20230568 to Chen Lin)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Fund(grant No.CX(24)3124 to Chen Lin)Outstanding Ph.D.Program in Yangzhou(grant No.YZLYJFJH2022YXBS147 to Chen Lin)the General Project of Basic Scientific Research to colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province(grant No.22KJB210019 to Chen Lin)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions is greatly acknowledged.
文摘Extensive transcriptomic reprogramming is triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses in plants,with coordinated regulation mediated through multiple transcription factor families,such as WRKY,MYB,NAC,and BBX proteins.Among these,B-box(BBX)proteins represent a distinct class of zinc finger transcription factors characterized by the presence of conserved B-box domains.They serve as central regulators in plant photomorphogenesis and developmental processes.Accumulating genetic and biochemical evidence demonstrates that BBX family members orchestrate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses through multifaceted molecular mechanisms,including the regulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis,enhancement of anthocyanin biosynthesis,and modulation of hormonal signaling pathways.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the identification of BBX family genes in different plant species.Furthermore,their emerging roles in mediating plant stress responses are elucidated,with molecularmechanisms being comprehensively analyzed at both transcriptional and post-translational levels.However,to fully harness the potential of BBX genes in crop improvement,a deeper understanding of their functional mechanisms including BBX-mediated hormonal crosstalk networks,growth-defense trade-offs,and more extensive field performance data remains essential.These insights provide a theoretical foundation for developing climate-resilient crop varieties through targeted genetic improvement strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160818)the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22JR5RA622).
文摘Alcoholic liver disease(ALD),which includes a range of diseases,ranging from alcoholic steatosis,hepatitis,and fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma,is a process of epigenetic remodeling involving multiple genes and metabolic pathways.ALD is involved in various transcriptional regulatory mechanisms,including lipid metabolism disorders,inflammatory responses,autophagy,fibrogenesis,oxidative stress,fatty acid metabolism,iron metabolism,and endoplasmic reticulum stress.In the occurrence of ALD and its response to the microenvironment,various transcription factors(TFs)play important roles.Targeted therapy involving these TFs may pave a novel avenue for the treatment of ALD.Here,we summarize the molecular characteristics of TFs and their involvement in the biological and pathological processes of ALD.We further discuss the current pharmaceutical treatments targeting these TFs and their mediators.This study provides detailed and accurate regulation maps of TFs for the targeted therapy of ALD.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(Grant No.FRGS/1/2023/STG03/UM/02/2)Universiti Malaya RU Grant(RU002-2025B).
文摘Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors(TFs)are evolutionarily conserved regulatory proteins that are crucial for plantgrowth,development,secondarymetabolism,andstress adaptation.Recent studieshavehighlighted their crucial role in coordinating growth–defense trade-offs through transcriptional regulation of key biosynthetic and stress-response genes.Despite extensive functional characterization in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana,systematically evaluating the broader functional landscape of MYB TFs across diverse species and contexts remains necessary.This systematic review integrates results from 24 peer-reviewed studies sourced from Scopus and Web of Science,focusing on the functional diversity of MYB TFs,particularly in relation to abiotic stress tolerance,metabolic regulation,and plant developmental processes.Advances in genomic technologies,such as transcriptomics,genome editing,and comparative phylogenetics,have considerably enhanced our understanding of MYB-mediated regulatory mechanisms.These tools have facilitated the identification and functional characterization of MYB genes across model and non-model plant species.Key findings underscore the multifaceted roles of MYB TFs in enhancing stress resilience,modulating anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis,and contributing to yield-related traits,thereby highlighting their potential applications in crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.However,critical gaps exist in understanding MYB interactions within complex regulatory networks,particularly in underrepresented plant species and ecological contexts.This review consolidates current knowledge as well as identifies research gaps and proposes future directions to advance the understanding and application of MYB TFs.The insights derived from this study underscore their transformative potential in addressing global challenges including food security and climate resilience through innovative agricultural practices.
文摘Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1(NR2F1,also called COUP-TF1)is a transcription factor and part of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily(Gay et al.,2002).NR2F1 is an orphan receptor that dimerizes to bind DNA and acts as a repressor as well as an activator of the target genes(Gay et al.,2002;Bertacchi et al.,2019;Bonzano et al.,2023).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China to W.Tian (2022YFA1104400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China to T.Chen (82100959)a grant from the Sichuan Science and Technology Program to Z.Liu (2024YFFK0068)。
文摘Tooth morphogenesis is orchestrated by a complex interplay of signaling pathways and transcription factors that control cell proliferation,apoptosis,and differentiation,with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway playing a pivotal role.However,the comprehensive regulatory mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling remain largely unclear.Smad7,a key antagonist of the TGF-βsuperfamily,is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and ensuring proper cellular function.Our previous study has demonstrated that Smad7 knockout in mice leads to impaired proliferative property of tooth germ cells,resulting in small molars.Here,we identified SMAD7 expression in human dental papilla and dental pulp,colocalized with β-CATENIN and cell proliferationrelated proteins.RNA sequencing analysis revealed a significant reduction in Wnt signaling activity in Smad7-deficient mouse tooth germs.Using lentivirus transfection,we established SMAD7-knockdown human dental papilla stem cells,which manifested remarkably blunt proliferation rate,along with diminished Wnt signaling activity.In vivo transplantation investigations further revealed the indispensable role of SMAD7 in dentin formation.Mechanistically,we revealed that β-CATENIN interacts with P-SMAD2/3 and SMAD7 through co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid assays.Inhibition of TGF-β pathway or disruption of SMAD7/β-CATENIN transcription factor complex formation potently impacted Wnt/β-catenin activities,indicating both direct and indirect regulatory mechanisms.These findings highlight the critical role of SMAD7 in the proliferation and diffe rentiation of human dental stem cells,which could contribute to dental tissue regeneration and engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31870695,32071828)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Flower color is an essential trait in ornamental plant breeding. Lycoris longituba is a popular ornamental plant native to central eastern China. The decrease in anthocyanin accumulation causes L. longituba petal color fading during flower development, which considerably affects the ornamental value of L. longituba. However, mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis inhibition during L. longituba petal development remain unclear. In this study, three LlDFR genes were confirmed to be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and LlDFRc exerted the strongest promoting effect on anthocyanin accumulation. According to the correlation analysis results, LlbHLH12 exhibited the strongest negative correlation with LlDFRc. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that LlbHLH12 was highly expressed during the medium bud and full bloom stages of flower development. LlbHLH12 was identified as a member of subgroup XII of bHLH transcription factor family. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activation ability assay revealed that LlbHLH12 was located in the nucleus without transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of LlbHLH12 in Nicotiana tabacum and L. longituba inhibited anthocyanin accumulation by suppressing the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase, and β-glucuronidase activity assays showed that LlbHLH12 directly bound to the promoters of LlPAL and LlDFRc and suppressed their expression to inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis. Overall, our study identified a novel bHLH repressor negatively regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying color fading in L. longituba petals.
基金supported by Hebei Natural Science Foundation(H2024206476)Medical Science Research Project of Hebei(20240101).
文摘Background:The regulatory mechanisms governing vasculogenic mimicry(VM)in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)remain largely undefined.This study aimed to identify critical factors and elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms underlying VM in OSCC.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis was performed utilizing single-cell RNA-seq,bulk RNA-seq,and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation(H3K27ac)Chromatin Immunoprecipitation(ChIP)-seq data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases.ChIP-qPCR was used to validate the binding of ETS transcription factor ELK4(ELK4)to the dihydrofolate reductase(DHFR)enhancer.In vitro VM formation and invasion of OSCC cells were assessed using Matrigel-based tube formation and Transwell assays,respectively.Results:Elevated expression of VM-related genes predicts unfavorable prognosis in OSCC patients.High-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis(hdWGCNA)identified epithelial subcluster C4 as most strongly associated with VM and metastasis.Three co-expression modules within this subcluster exhibited significant positive correlations with both phenotypic traits.Among the 30 eigengenes from the three modules,DHFR emerged as a key regulator of VM and metastasis.Knockdown or inhibition of DHFR significantly suppressed VM formation and invasion in OSCC cells.Mechanistically,ELK4 activated DHFR transcription through direct binding to its enhancer.DHFR overexpression rescued VM and invasion impairment induced by ELK4 knockdown.Conclusion:DHFR was a pivotal enhancer-regulated gene driving VM and metastasis in OSCC.ELK4 directly binds to DHFR enhancer regions to activate its transcription,thereby promoting these malignant phenotypes.These findings identified the ELK4/DHFR axis as a promising therapeutic target for anti-angiogenic intervention in OSCC.
基金supported by the Major Project of Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program,China([2024]027)the High-Level Innovative Talents Project of Guizhou Province,China(GCC[2023]014)+1 种基金the Guizhou Provincial Tea Industry Technology System,China(GZCYCYJSTX-03)the Science and Technology Project of China Huaneng Group(HNKJ2022-H135)。
文摘Heat stress reduces theanine content in tea plants,but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.In this study,a temperature gradient treatment(20℃,25℃,30℃,and 35℃)was performed to unveil the effect of heat stress on biosynthesis and accumulation of theanine.We found that heat stress induced metabolic changes,characterized by decreased theanine content and increased catechin levels.In addition,heat stress up-regulated the expression of the class B heat shock transcription factor gene CsHSFB2c,while significantly suppressing the transcription of key theanine biosynthetic genes CsTS1 and CsGS1.Functional studies showed that silencing CsHSFB2c increased theanine content,while its overexpression significantly decreased theanine levels.Consistent with these changes,silencing CsHSFB2c upregulated the expression of CsTS1 and CsGS1,while overexpression of CsHSFB2c downregulated their expression.Yeast one-hybrid(Y1H)and dual-luciferase reporter gene(Dual-LUC)assays showed that CsHSFB2c directly binds to the promoters of CsTS1 and CsGS1 and inhibits their expression.These results demonstrate that CsHSFB2c mediates heat-induced suppression of theanine biosynthesis by directly inhibiting the expression of CsTS1 and CsGS1.This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the heat resistance and quality of tea plants via molecular breeding.
基金supported by the Foundation Project:National Natural Science.Foundation of China(Nos.:82460249,82100417,81760094)The Foundation of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology Outstanding Youth Fund Project(20212BAB206022,20242BAB23080).
文摘Objective:Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1(Lrg1)could regulate diverse cells in cerebral ischemiareperfusion.Our study seeks to uncover Lrg1’s impact on endothelial cell heterogeneity via differentiation pathways and transcription factors.Method:The CSOmap model measured cell-to-brain-center distances using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data in middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion(MCAO/R).Monocle2 mapped endothelial differentiation paths.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)analyzed endothelial subcluster variations.Database searches revealed a zinc finger MIZ-type containing 1 protein-frizzled 3(Zmiz1-Fzd3)promoter interaction.Endothelial cells were transfected with a Fzd3 promoter-luciferase plasmid.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and western blotting assessed MCAO/R or Zmiz1 overexpression effects on Fzd3-related mRNA and proteins.A retroviral vector carrying Zmiz1 was injected into the brains of mice to study its effect on Fzd3.Result:Lrg1−/−mice exhibited elevated cell adhesion proteins and decreased microvascular leakage after MCAO/R.CSOmap showed widened astrocyte spacing in thesemice.RSS revealed Zmiz1 overexpression inMCAO/R+Lrg1−/−mice.MCAO/R and pcDNA3-Zmiz1 transfection both enhanced luciferase activity with Fzd3,indicating Zmiz1 binding to Fzd3.Retroviral Zmiz1 injection or knockdown disrupted ischemic brain tight junctions,highlighting Zmiz1’s key role in blood-brain barrier protection,likely through Fzd3 pathway modulation.Conclusion:The findings indicate Lrg1 knockout induces endothelial differentiation by activating Zmiz1,which is crucial for maintaining blood-brain barrier function,possibly via modulating the Fzd3 pathway.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province [(2011)2089]Engineering Technology Research Center Building Fund of Guizhou Province ([2012]4006)Excellent Scientific and Educational Governor Fund of Guizhou Province ([2009]06)~~
文摘In this article, the biosynthetic pathways of storage oil accumulation in oilseed plants were briefly introduced, and the transcription factors, such as B3 do- main supeffamily genes, lecl gene, wril gene etc., and their important role in oil accumulation regulation was mainly elucidated. Overexpession of transcription factors as feasible ways of genetic manipulation to increase oJl content in oilseed crops are promising in a long-term perspective.
基金Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr Xinnian Dong （Duke University, Durham, NC, USA） for critical reading of the manuscript and valuable suggestions. We thank Dr Jianmin Zhou （National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China） for providing the fungus strain Botrytis cinerea, Dr Salome Prat （Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain） for providing homozygous atmyc2-2 （T-DNA insertion line SALK_083483） seeds and Dr Daoxin Xie （Tsinghua University, Beijing, China） for providing the coil-I seeds. This work was supported by grants from The National Natural Science Foundation of China （30530440）, The Ministry of Science and Technology of China （2006CB 102004, 2006AA10A 116）, and The Chinese Academy of Sciences （KSCX2-YW-N-045）.
文摘Jasmonic acid （JA） is an important phytohormone that regulates plant defense responses against herbivore attack, pathogen infection and mechanical wounding. In this report, we provided biochemical and genetic evidence to show that the Arabidopsis thaliana NAC family proteins ANAC019 and ANAC055 might function as transcription activators to regulate JA-induced expression of defense genes. The role of the two NAC genes in JA signaling was examined with the anacO19 anac055 double mutant and with transgenic plants overexpressing ANACO19 or ANAC055. The anacO19 anac055 double mutant plants showed attenuated JA-induced VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN1 （VSP1） and LIPOXYGENASE2 （LOX2） expression, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing the two NAC genes showed enhanced JA-induced VSP1 and LOX2 expression. That the JA-induced expression of the two NAC genes depends on the function of COIl and AtMYC2, together with the finding that overexpression of ANACO19 partially rescued the JA-related phenotype of the atmyc2-2 mutant, has led us to a hypothesis that the two NAC proteins act downstream of AtMYC2 to regulate JA-signaled defense responses. Further evidence to substantiate this idea comes from the observation that the response of the anacO19 anac055 double mutant to a necrotrophic fungus showed high similarity to that of the atmyc2-2 mutant.
基金Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30270652)Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2002I006)
文摘Mammalian tooth development is largely dependent on sequential and reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.These processes involve a series of inductive and permissive interactions that result in the determination,differentiation,and organization of odontogenic tissues.Multiple signaling molecules,including BMPs,FGFs,Shh,and Wnt proteins,have been implicated in mediating these tissue interactions.Transcription factors participate in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions via linking the signaling loops between tissue layers by responding to inductive signals and regulating the expression of other signaling molecules.Adult stem cells are highly plastic and multipotent.These cells including dental pulp stem cells and bone marrow stromal cells could be reprogrammed into odontogenic fate and participated in tooth formation.Recent progress in the studies of molecular basis of tooth development,adult stem cell biology,and regene-ration will provide fundamental knowledge for the realization of human tooth regeneration in the near future.
基金funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC) ERA-NET BB/G024995/1
文摘Since the first MADS-box transcription factor genes were implicated in the establishment of floral organ identity in a couple of model plants, the size and scope of this gene family has begun to be appreciated in a much wider range of species. Over the course of millions of years the number of MADS-box genes in plants has increased to the point that the Arabidopsis genome contains more than 100. The understanding gained from studying the evolution, regulation and function of multiple MADS-box genes in an increasing set of species, makes this large plant transcription factor gene family an ideal subject to study the processes that lead to an increase in gene number and the selective birth, death and repurposing of its component members. Here we will use examples taken from the MADS-box gene family to review what is known about the factors that influence the loss and retention of genes duplicated in different ways and examine the varied fates of the retained genes and their associated biological outcomes.
